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1
Ganguli, Aparna B. "Brief Reports: The Microcomputer as a Demonstration Tool for Instruction in Mathematics". Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 21, nr 2 (marzec 1990): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.21.2.0154.
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A number of educators have indicated that for successful implementation of computer-assisted instruction (CAI), much more attention is needed in the area of teachers' use of this technology (Allinger, 1985; Lawton & Gerschner, 1982; Jay, 1981; Simmons, 1975). Although studies on CAI for large-group instruction demonstrate favorable results (Sherwood & Hasselbring, 1986; Berger, 1984; Phillips, Burkhardt, Coupland, & Fraser, 1984), relatively little research has been conducted on the use of CAI with teachers as the instructional leaders.
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Gladun, Daryna. "PERFORMANCE AND TEXT (BASED UPON THE MATERIALS FROM ONLINE ARCHIVE ‘ODESSA ART IN 1980-S’)". Fìlologìčnì traktati 12, nr 1 (2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/ftrk.2020.12(1)-3.
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The article studies the role of the text in performances conducted during 1980s in Odessa by the participants of so-called ‘Odessa school’ Serhiy Anufriyev, Leonid Voytsekhov, Yuriy Leyderman, Svitlana Martynchyk, Volodymyr Naumets, Alexander Petrelli, Oleh Petrenko, Liydmyla Skrypkina, Ihor Styopin, Ihor Tshatskin (solo or as participants of art groups ‘IU’, ‘Martynchyky’, ‘Pertsi’. Following research discovers, systematizes, and analyzes materials of online archive ‘Odessa Art of 1980s’ created in 2000 by Odessa Centre of Contemporary Art in collaboration with Institute of Contemporary Art. The article, therefore, overviews over twenty individual and collective pieces of Performance Art, in particular: ‘Cross-Zero’ (1982), ‘Russian Idyll ’ (1982), ‘Pacifist Demonstration’ (1983), ‘Leaning Against Pillar’ (1983), «[Among Other Things]» (1983), ‘I Admire Friends’ (1983), ‘David’s Shield’ (1983), «Basin» (dedicated to ‘Muhomory’) (1984), ‘This Secret Word’ (1984), ‘Flag Killing Methods’ (1985), ‘There I Were a Man’ (1985), ‘To Hit a Wall and a Black Wife’ (1987), ‘Like a Shot’ (1987), ‘The Most Precious’ (1987), ‘Exploration of Art Deposits’ (1987), ‘Vasia Was Here’ (1987) etc. as well as performance-exhibition ‘Relatives’ (1983). The attribution and description of all studied pieces of Performance Art is based exclusively on the data gained from the online archive (even though some of the data are controversial). The performances mentioned in the archive are catalogized. The main challenges of the archive-based research in performance studies are underlined.
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Ndlovu, Sifiso. "Trade Unionism and State Laws in Independent Zimbabwe: Is Legislation Promotive or Inhibitive". Cross Current International Journal of Economics, Management and Media Studies 1, nr 2 (22.04.2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijemms.2019.v01i02.002.
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Historically, governments have always found ‘lawful’ ways to regulate the power of trade unions. The institutionalisation of the Industrial Conciliation Act propagated in 1934 and successively amended in 1960, and labour legislations that were enacted at independence in 1980 and 1981, and later on amalgamated into the comprehensive Labour Relations Act of 1985, all serve as clear demonstration of such measures. The earliest steps to establish and regulate a labour market were the founding of Provincial Labour Bureaux in 1895 and the Rhodesia Native Labour Bureau (RNLB) of 1903. These institutions were labour procurement agencies whose roles were supported by legislations
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Ndlovu, Sifiso. "Trade Unionism and State Laws in Independent Zimbabwe: Is Legislation Promotive or Inhibitive". Cross Current International Journal of Economics, Management and Media Studies 1, nr 2 (22.04.2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijemms.2019.v01i02.002.
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Historically, governments have always found ‘lawful’ ways to regulate the power of trade unions. The institutionalisation of the Industrial Conciliation Act propagated in 1934 and successively amended in 1960, and labour legislations that were enacted at independence in 1980 and 1981, and later on amalgamated into the comprehensive Labour Relations Act of 1985, all serve as clear demonstration of such measures. The earliest steps to establish and regulate a labour market were the founding of Provincial Labour Bureaux in 1895 and the Rhodesia Native Labour Bureau (RNLB) of 1903. These institutions were labour procurement agencies whose roles were supported by legislations
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Scannell, T. D. "Community Care and the Difficult and Offender Patient". British Journal of Psychiatry 154, nr 5 (maj 1989): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.5.615.
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Concern has been growing about a cyclical pattern or ‘periodicity’ in mental health care over the past 300 years, in which large-scale policy decisions have been made, and then reversed, paying little attention to the particular needs of differing patient groups. Turner (1985) drew attention to the reckless course followed by psychiatry, and how the “discipline that has lost its way” (Lancet,1985) may have done so owing to a poor grasp of its past history. In the movement towards community care, ‘difficult’ or the so-called ‘unrewarding’ (to use Scott's (1970) term) patients are a particularly vulnerable group (Aviram & Segal, 1973; Bachrach, 1980). Increasingly, community services are compelled to cater for less disturbed patients through being selective about whom they will accept. To a degree, forensic services on both sides of the Atlantic have partially filled the gap so created in service provision. For this and other reasons, it is difficult to make a general statement about the effectiveness of deinstitutionalisation and community care. To be more specific, there are basic conceptual difficulties in defining continuity of care and identifying subgroups for which it has different implications (Bachrach, 1981), and there are major methodological difficulties impeding an analysis of such a diffuse and fragmented provision. Scull's (1984) description of the overnight abolition of state facilities for juvenile offenders in Massachusetts in the US between 1969 and 1973 points to the impossibility of making a comparison ‘before and after’, when so much dissolution and decentralisation of services has occurred (see also Jones, 1982). A few model alternatives were described soon after the closures, and Bachrach (1980) has written about the dangers of generalising from model programmes, highlighting the differences between demonstration efforts and reality. It is proposed here that the difficult and offender population might act as a ‘litmus paper’ for the efficiency, or otherwise, of community care in general.
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Adams, W. M. "Rural protest, land policy and the planning process on the Bakolori Project, Nigeria". Africa 58, nr 3 (lipiec 1988): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159803.
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Opening ParagraphIn the literature and accumulated folk wisdom of development in rural Africa there are numerous instances of government projects which are expensive, ineffective and unpopular. These include now classic failures of the past, such as the Tanganyika Groundnuts Scheme (Wood, 1950; Frankel, 1953), which are still cited as cautionary tales demonstrating the need for proper project appraisal. There are also numerous more recent examples, for the phenomenon of failure has persisted and governments and international agencies continue to implement schemes ‘little better planned than their more spectacularly misbegotten predecessors’ (Hill, 1978: 25). Among recent initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa the large-scale irrigation projects developed in northern Nigeria during the 1970s have attracted particularly extensive adverse criticism. This has focused on the social and economic impact of the introduction of irrigation and particularly on questions of land tenure (inter alia Wallace, 1979, 1980, 1981; Oculi, 1981; Adams, 1982, 1984; Palmer-Jones, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). A number of accounts discuss technical aspects of the land survey carried out at Bakolori {Bird, 1981, 1984, 1985; Griffith, 1984), while others focus on economic problems (e.g. Etuk and Abalu, 1982). However, although economic and technical aspects of these developments have been criticised, it is the social impacts of project development and more particularly the political responses to those impacts which are of greatest interest (Wallace, 1980; Adams, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). This paper examines the bature of the response of farmers affected by one of these schemes, the Bakolori Project in Sokoto State.
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ISAKOVA, A’lo. "HISTORICAL MEMORY – CARING FOR FUTURE". Art and Design: Social Science 02, nr 03 (1.06.2022): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ssa-v2-i3-04.
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Aуbek was born in the family of an artisan weaver on January 10, 1905 in Tashkent. He wrote such works as “Sacred Blood”, “Wind of the Golden Valley”, “The Sun Will Not Dim”, “Navoi”. This house where the writer lived and worked has become a house-museum now. The house-museum was created with the aim of a broad demonstration of the life and work of the writer, the history of the creation of works, the unlimited contribution of the writer to the development of Uzbek and world literature. A resolution was adopted by the government of the republic on the organization of the house-museum of Aуbek on February 23, 1980. The museum was officially opened on September 9, 1985.
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Ferguson, G. P., A. W. Pieneman, R. F. Jansen i A. Ter Maat. "NEURONAL FEEDBACK IN EGG-LAYING BEHAVIOUR OF THE POND SNAIL LYMNAEA STAGNALIS". Journal of Experimental Biology 178, nr 1 (1.05.1993): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.178.1.251.
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The egg-laying behaviour of gastropod molluscs is controlled by peptidergic neuroendocrine cells and has provided an important experimental system for behavioural neurobiology. The genes that code for multiple peptides have been sequenced and the peptides themselves have been identified, thus enabling us to investigate how they act on the nervous system to produce the overt behavioural pattern (reviewed by Geraerts et al. 1988). The two animals that have been studied most extensively are the opisthobranch Aplysia californica and the pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis. In both cases, the peptidergic neurones controlling egg laying are normally electrically silent (both in vivo and in vitro; Kupfermann, 1967; Pinsker and Dudek, 1977; Kits, 1980; Ter Maat et al. 1986) and produce multiple peptides (Rothman et al. 1983; Geraerts et al. 1985; Sigvardt et al. 1986), which are cleaved from a common protein precursor (Scheller et al. 1983; Vreugdenhil et al. 1988). Before egg laying, the cells produce a long-lasting discharge of action potentials (Pinsker and Dudek, 1977; Ter Maat et al. 1986). This electrical discharge initiates egg-laying behaviour, and during it the peptides (one of which initiates ovulation) are released into the blood. The demonstration, in Aplysia californica, that these peptides could have various effects on the activity of central neurones (reviewed by Mayeri and Rothman, 1985) led to the hypothesis that egg-laying behaviour is a neuroendocrine fixed action pattern controlled and coordinated by the concerted actions of the released peptides (Scheller and Axel, 1984). This hypothesis is also thought to apply to Lymnaea stagnalis (Vreugdenhil et al. 1988) because of the structural similarities between precursors of Aplysia californica and Lymnaea stagnalis egg-laying hormones. In this paper we investigate how the sequence of the various components of the egg-laying behaviour pattern is achieved.
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Ortega, Lina, i Karen Antell. "Tracking Cross-Disciplinary Information Use by Author Affiliation: Demonstration of a Method". College & Research Libraries 67, nr 5 (1.09.2006): 446–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.67.5.446.
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In this paper, we report the results of a bibliometric study in which we track cross-disciplinary citation behavior in the sciences. We hypothesize that cross-disciplinary citation in the sciences increased over the time period 1985–2000. Unlike most previous studies in this area, we assign discipline to a paper by its first author’s affiliation, and we hypothesize that assigning papers to disciplines based on first-author affiliation would yield results consistent with previous findings on cross-disciplinary citation rates in the sciences. Using the output of scientists in Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Physics departments at 12 large research universities in 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000 as our data set, we measure the cross-disciplinary citation rates of each discipline and compare our results to the findings of previous studies in this area.
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Ruf, B., D. Schürmann, I. Horbrach, K. Seodel i H. D. Pohle. "Nosocomial legionella pneumonia: demonstration of potable water as the source of infection". Epidemiology and Infection 101, nr 3 (grudzień 1988): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029526.
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SUMMARYFrom January 1983 until December 1985, 35 cases of sporadic nosocomial legionella pneumonia, all caused byLegionella pneumophila, were diagnosed in a university hospital.L. pneumophilaserogroup (SG) 1 was cultured from 12 of the 35 cases and compared to correspondingL. pneumophilaSG 1 isolates from water outlets in the patients' immediate environment by subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. The corresponding environmental isolates were identical to 9 out of 12 (75%) of those from the cases. However, even in the remaining three cases identical subtypes were found distributed throughout the hospital water supply. From the hospital water supply four different subtypes ofL. pneumophilaSG 1 were isolated, three of which were implicated in legionella pneumonia. Of 453 water samples taken during the study 298 (65.8%) were positive for legionellae. Species ofLegionellaother thanL. pneumophilahave not been isolated. This may explain the exclusiveness ofL.pneumophilaas the legionella pneumonia-causing agent. Our results suggest that the water supply system was the source of infection.
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Noltie, Douglas B. "Intrapopulation Variation in the Breeding of Male Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from a Lake Superior Tributary". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, nr 1 (1.01.1990): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-019.
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Studies of breeding pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from the Carp River, eastern Lake Superior, indicate that males seek fertilizations using two behavioural tactics. In 1985, a large run resulted in high breeding ground densities. During this run, males that resembled females were seen seeking fertilizations by sneaking rather than by competing for proximity to females. Morphological studies in 1985 confirmed the presence of males resembling females, their secondary sexual characters (hump height) being relatively less developed than in typical males. Although in poorer condition, such female-like males were reproductively mature, had returned to spawn at ages typical for this population, and had committed biomass to gonad no differently than had typical males. Furthermore, their spawning performance did not differ from typical males, as assessed both by the amount of gonad they retained unspawned at death and by their spawning ground life expectancies. In contrast, males attempting to sneak fertilizations were not observed during the small 1984 run when densities were low and males were generally in better condition than in 1985. Together, these results indicate that male pink salmon exhibit alternative breeding tactics. However, the demonstration of these tactics appears linked more to proximate factors (density and condition) than to divergent life history strategies as in other salmonid species.
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Hirschhorn, Daniel B., i Denisse R. Thompson. "Technology and Reasoning in Algebra and Geometry". Mathematics Teacher 89, nr 2 (luty 1996): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.89.2.0138.
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If one topic is likely to be stressed by algebra and geometry teachers, it is reasoning. In algebra classes, students are constantly being asked to show their work and justify their simplifications, often without formal connection to proof concepts or the proof process. In geometry classes, students are expected to learn how to write simple proofs. However, evidence shows that students are not learning these reasoning skills. In the 1985–86 National Assessment of Educational Progress, Silver and Carpenter (1989, 18) found that “many eleventhgrade students are confused about the fundamental distinctions among mathematical demonstrations, assumptions, and proofs.” Most students thought a theorem was a demonstration or an assumption. Senk (1985) found that only about 30 percent of students mastered proof wTiting in geometry, despite being enrolled in a year-long course emphasizing proof. Thompson (1992) found that roughly 60 percent of precalculus students were successful at trigonometric-identity proofs, more than 30 percent could complete number-theory proofs dealing with divisibility, and less than 20 percent could handle indirect arguments or proof by mathematical induction.
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Lynch, Michael. "Laboratory Space and the Technological Complex: An Investigation of Topical Contextures". Science in Context 4, nr 1 (1991): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000156.
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The ArgumentThere can be no doubt about the moral and epistemological significance of what Shapin (1988) calls the “physical place” of the scientific laboratory. The physical place is defined by the locales, barriers, ports of entry, and lines of sight that bound the laboratory and separate it from other urban and architectural environments. Shapin's discussion of the emergence of the scientific laboratory in seventeenth-century England provides a convincing demonstration that credible knowledge is situated at an intersection between physical locales and social distinctions. In this paper I take up Shapin's theme of the “siting of knowledge production,” but I give it a different treatment – one based on ethnomethodological studies of work (Garfinkel 1986; Garfinkel et al. 1981; Garfinkel et al. 1989; Livingston 1986; Liberman 1985; Lynch 1985a; Lynch et al. 1983; Bjelic and Lynch forthcoming; Morrison 1990; MacBeth 1989). Without denying all that can be witnessed in the spectacle of the scientist at the bench and of the architectural habitat of the bench, I argue that the “place” of scientific work is defined by locally organized topical contextures. The paper describes two examples of such spatial orders – “opticism” and “digitality” – associated with distinct complexes of equipment and practice. These topical spaces might initially be viewed as “ideal” or “symbolic” spaces, but I argue that they are no less material (and no less social) than the “physical setting” of the laboratory; indeed, they are the physical setting.
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Smith, W. L., H. Revercomb, G. Bingham, A. Larar, H. Huang, D. Zhou, J. Li, X. Liu i S. Kireev. "Evolution, current capabilities, and future advances in satellite ultra-spectral IR sounding". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, nr 2 (10.03.2009): 6541–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-6541-2009.
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Abstract. Infrared ultra-spectral spectrometers have brought in a new era of satellite remote atmospheric sounding capability. During the 1970's, after the implementation of the first satellite sounding instruments, it became evident that much higher vertical resolution sounding information was needed to be able to forecast life and property threatening localized severe weather. The demonstration of the ultra-spectral radiance measurement technology required to achieve higher vertical resolution began in 1985, with the aircraft flights of the High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) instrument. The development of satellite instruments designed to have a HIS-like measurement capability was initiated in the late 1980's. Today, after more than a decade of development time, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are now operating successfully from the Aqua and MetOp polar orbiting satellites, respectively. The successful development and ground demonstration of the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS), during this decade, is now paving the way toward future implementation of the ultra-spectral sounding capability on the international system of geostationary environmental satellites.
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Goldie, D., S. Gormezano i P. Raznik. "Comprehensive Low Vision Services for Visually Impaired Children: A Function of Special Education". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 80, nr 7 (wrzesień 1986): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8608000708.
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The Visually Impaired Program, Division of Special Education of the Oakland County (Michigan) Intermediate School District, obtained Federal Act 94-142 funding in 1979. The purpose of this funding was to encourage establishment of programs that facilitated special education in the least restrictive educational environment. The Visually Impaired Program utilized these funds to establish the Educational Low Vision Aids Screening Clinic and to provide comprehensive low vision evaluations by certified low vision specialists. * This paper describes clinic rationales, procedural implementation of services from 1979 to 1982, and resultant findings. The study served as a model for the establishment of a statewide program funded in October, 1985, by the Michigan Legislature and administered by the Michigan Commission for the Blind in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Education. * A Demonstration Project funded through 94-142 federal funds, 1979-1982.
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Smith Sr., W. L., H. Revercomb, G. Bingham, A. Larar, H. Huang, D. Zhou, J. Li, X. Liu i S. Kireev. "Technical Note: Evolution, current capabilities, and future advance in satellite nadir viewing ultra-spectral IR sounding of the lower atmosphere". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, nr 15 (6.08.2009): 5563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5563-2009.
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Abstract. Infrared ultra-spectral spectrometers have brought in a new era in satellite remote atmospheric sounding capability. During the 1970s, after the implementation of the first satellite sounding instruments, it became evident that much higher vertical resolution sounding information was needed to be able to forecast life and property threatening localized severe weather. The demonstration of the ultra-spectral radiance measurement technology required to achieve higher vertical resolution began in 1985, with the aircraft flights of the High resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) instrument. The development of satellite instruments designed to have a HIS-like measurement capability was initiated in the late 1980's. Today, after more than a decade of development time, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are now operating successfully from the Aqua and MetOp polar orbiting satellites. The successful development and ground demonstration of the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS), during this decade, is now paving the way toward the implementation of the ultra-spectral sounding capability on the international system of geostationary environmental satellites. This note reviews the evolution of the satellite ultra-spectral sounding systems, shows examples of current polar satellite sounding capability, and discusses future advances planned for geostationary orbit.
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Burkart, Edward I., i Grace Stovall Burkart. "TOWARD AN AUTHORING SYSTEM FOR PRE-ELECTRONIC ENGLISH". CALICO Journal 3, nr 3 (14.01.2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v3i3.11-14.
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Designed to be used in an ESP course for students preparing to study basic electronics, this prototype of an authoring system allows the teacher to construct schematic drawings of simple electrical circuits, together with related exercises. With virtually no programming skill the teacher can produce a succession of clearly designed, pedagogically useful frames for the student's lesson. This article is based on a demonstration given at the 1985 CALICO Symposium in Baltimore, MD.
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Enright, Robert. "The Theatre of the Oppressed / 2: To Dynamize the Audience". Canadian Theatre Review 47 (czerwiec 1986): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.47.005.
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The following is an edited transcript of an interview originally broadcast on the CBC Radio programme Stereo Morning In May 1985. It was conducted when Augusto Boal and his company were visiting Montreal to present a lecture and demonstration of Theatre of the Oppressed as part of the first Festival de théâtre des Amériques at that time. CTR thanks Anne Gibson, former executive producer of Stereo Morning, for access to the interview.
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Boatright-Horowitz, Su L. "A Classroom Demonstration of Nuttin's (1985) Ownership Effect: The Letters of My Own First Name". Teaching of Psychology 22, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2202_12.
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Undergraduate social psychology students can benefit from a classroom experience that demonstrates their preferences for objects or events related to themselves, particularly when the factors giving rise to those preferences are inaccessible to conscious awareness. Procedures were designed to demonstrate Nuttin's (1985) name letter effect in a classroom setting. Students organized themselves into research pairs with one “experimenter” and one “subject” composing each pair. Experimenters tested subjects' preferences for alphabetic letters, comparing total ratings for first name letter with those for letters not in subjects' first names. Most subjects responded preferentially to the letters of their own first names.
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Sadick, T., W. Bailey, A. Tesfaye, M. McGrath, G. Daigger i A. Benjamin. "Full scale implementation of post denitrification at the Blue Plains AWT in Washington D.C." Water Science and Technology 41, nr 9 (1.05.2000): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0162.
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The Chesapeake Bay Agreement of 1987 calls for an overall reduction in nutrient loading to the Bay of forty percent of 1985 levels by the year 2000. Signatories to the agreement include the states located in the Bay's watershed and the District of Columbia. The District's 16.2 m3 /sec (370 mgd) Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment (AWT) Plant is the single, largest point source of nitrogen load to the Bay, currently discharging approximately 18 metric tons (40,000 lbs) per day. In an effort toward meeting the nitrogen reduction goal, a post-denitrification demonstration project was recently undertaken to access its potential for long-term implementation. The denitrification demonstration project involved operating half of the nitrification facilities in a nitrification-denitrification mode using methanol as a carbon source for post-denitrification. The remaining half continued operation in a nitrification-only mode as a control. The two-year demonstration project was successful in meeting nitrogen reduction goals while meeting all other permit conditions. The District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority is now proceeding to voluntarily implement the post denitrification process on a permanent, full-scale basis.
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Alexander, Joyce Rachel, Bernard Lerer i Miron Baron. "Ethical Issues in Genetic Linkage Studies of Psychiatric Disorders". British Journal of Psychiatry 160, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.1.98.
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Recent advances in molecular genetics have radically altered the prospects for determining the role of heredity in the transmission of major psychiatric disorders. Identification of the actual gene(s) involved, elucidation of their structure, and determination of their products are the steps which theoretically follow successful demonstration of linkage (Gurling, 1985; Baron & Rainer, 1988). Consideration of the ethical issues raised by genetic linkage studies is therefore now of paramount importance. This article focuses on the problems raised by the research process, and not on the ethical implications of the results eventually obtained.
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Habets, L. H. A., M. H. Tielbaard, A. M. D. Ferguson, C. F. Prong i A. J. Chmelauskas. "On Site High Rate UASB Anaerobic Demonstration Plant Treatment of NSSC Wastewater". Water Science and Technology 20, nr 1 (1.01.1988): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0012.
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Results of a 19 m3 demonstration plant studies are summarized. The plant is located at Sturgeon Falls at a NSSC mill and hardboard plant owned by MacMillan Bloedel. The mill discharges 6300 m3/day of waste effluent containing 50 tonnes of BOD and 127 tonnes of COD. Lab scale testing (1983) and an 18 month 1.4 m3 reactor volume pilot plant study (1985) were completed confirming treatability of the wastewater and suitability of the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology among others to successfully treat the mill wastewater. Discharged effluent contains spent sulphite liquor and primary clarifier effluent. As required, the 1.4 m3 Biopaq System successfully achieved BOD reductions in excess of 75 percent at loadings greater than 10 kg COD/m3.d. As a consequence of this and because of economic considerations, the Biopaq System of Paques-Lavalin was selected for on site demonstration during a 12 months period. This period started in spring 1986. Erection of a full-scale plant is planned to take place in 1988. The purpose of the on site demonstration study is to confirm wastewater treatability, optimize design loading rates and confirm granular sludge growth. To achieve the objectives and simulate full-scale operating conditions the MacMillan Bloedel pilot plant has been automated and is controlled via a microprocessor incorporating a customized software program. Start-up performance results and operation at incremental loadings under steady state conditions are presented together with the experience gained during extreme variations in mill effluent quality and flow. Preliminary study results from the first 10 months disclose that a BOD removal efficiency of 80 percent or better is achieved at weekly average loadings of 15 kg COD/m3.d, and the process offers strong resilience to daily swings in wastewater quality. The results also show a net accumulation of granular sludge. The practical application of this technology from a mill operating perspective is discussed, and the layout for a full-scale installation with projected capital and operating costs is provided. Most of the contents of this paper was presented at the Tappi 1987 Environmental Conference (Prong etal, 1987). This paper presents the latest results.
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Meltzer, Herbert Y. "Pre-clinical Pharmacology of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: A Selective Review". British Journal of Psychiatry 168, S29 (maj 1996): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000298280.
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The primary basis for the action of neuroleptic drugs has been suggested to be a blockade of D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system, with subsequent decrease in the firing rate of ventral tegmental (A10) dopamine neurons by the process of depolarisation inactivation (Matthyssee, 1974; Bunney et al, 1991). The main evidence for this hypothesis is that: the affinities for the D2 receptor of all effective antipsychotic drugs are positively correlated with their average clinical dose (Seeman & Lee, 1975; Creese et al, 1976); and chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs produces nearly complete inhibition of the firing of ventral tegmental (A10) dopamine neurons that project to the limbic forebrain (Chiodo & Bunney, 1983). Clozapine, the prototypical atypical antipsychotic drug, also satisfies both criteria (Seeman & Lee, 1975; Chiodo & Bunney, 1985). However, the demonstration that clozapine is more effective than other neuroleptics for the treatment of both schizophrenic patients who are responsive to typical neuroleptics (Meltzer, 1992) as well as those who are resistant (Kane et al, 1988) suggests that this simple dopamine hypothesis of neuroleptic drug action is insufficient. Indeed, there is evidence that clozapine at clinically effective doses produces less D2 receptor occupancy and, hence, less antagonism of D2 receptors in the striatum, and probably also in the limbic system, than typical neuroleptic drugs (Farde et al, 1992); this further challenges the adequacy of the dopamine hypothesis to explain the greater efficacy of clozapine. This leaves the need to consider what else besides a D2 receptor blockade may explain the action of clozapine and, indeed, whether limited blockade is superior to a more complete one.
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Spagna, George F. "Comment on ‘‘Demonstration of longitudinal standing waves in a pipe revisted’’ [Am. J. Phys. 53, 1110 (1985)]". American Journal of Physics 54, nr 12 (grudzień 1986): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14865.
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Tarantola, Albert. "On: “Sensitivity of reflected and transmitted seismic data,” by Rune Mittet and Tom Houlder (November 1993 GEOPHYSICS, 58, 1621–1628)". GEOPHYSICS 59, nr 9 (wrzesień 1994): 1457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443702.
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Jannane et al. (1989) made a simple numerical demonstration of a well known fact (Claerbout, 1985): that seismic data are sensitive to the large wavelengths of the velocity model and to the short wavelengths of the impedances. Taking a standard geometry (offsets between 250 m and 1750 m, dominant source frequency of 35 Hz, velocities from 1 km/s to 2.5 km/s, 1.5 s of signal), Jannane et al. conclude that standard seismic data are sensitive to impedance perturbations with wavelengths inside the 30 m-60 m bandwidth, and to velocity perturbations for wavelengths larger than 300 m.
26
Tkacz, Richard J., i R. James Maguire. "Occurrence of Dyes in the Yamaska River, Québec". Water Quality Research Journal 26, nr 2 (1.05.1991): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1991.009.
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Abstract A study of the Yamaska River in Québec in the period 1985-1987 has revealed the occurrence of fifteen dyes in water, suspended solids and sediment downstream from textile mills. The dyes were found in 1985 and 1986, but not in 1987, possibly because of improved waste treatment procedures. The most contaminated area was downstream from Granby, which has the largest concentration of textile mills in the basin. Three dyes were positively identified — Disperse Red 60, Disperse Blue 26 and Disperse Blue 79, the most widely used dye in the world. In addition, a mutagenic degradation product of Disperse Blue 79, 2-bromo-4,6-dmitroaniline, was identified in sediment at a location about 6 km downstream from Granby. This product is a result of the reductive cleavage of the azo bond of Disperse Blue 79 in anaerobic sediments. Most of the dyes found are expected to be moderately stable in aerobic environments, but may degrade under anaerobic conditions. This is the first demonstration of the occurrence of dyes in the Canadian environment.
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Kyle, Thomas G., William Clements i Sumner Barr. "Demonstration of a High Pulse Rate Lidar for Studying Airflow". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 2, nr 1 (marzec 1985): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1985)002<0015:doahpr>2.0.co;2.
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Mohammed-Brahim, Brahim, i Alain Garrigou. "SS73-01 ERGOTOXICOLOGY: A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN ORDER TO PREVENT EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS". Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (1.07.2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0415.
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Abstract The resumption of research in agriculture (Mohammed-Brahim et al., 1997) and the implementation of the ergotoxicological approach in asbestos removal work (Mohammed-Brahim et al., 1998) has further demonstrated the limitations of a screen-based model (Mohammed-Brahim & Garrigou, 2009), whether prescriptive (through the application of limit values or restrictions on use), based on protection and instructions (around the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) and procedures to be followed), or medical (relating to medical aptitudes and indications). This work in the field of agriculture has focused precisely on the lack of effectiveness of protective suits in real-life spraying situations in viticulture (Garrigou et al., 2011). In this vein, the demonstration that the pesticide registration process relies on the ineffective prescription of PPE in certain work situations, reinforces the global questioning of screen-based prevention strategies (Garrigou et al., 2020). The parallel between the ‘screens’ described by Mohammed-Brahim & Garrigou (2009) and the ‘norms’ questioned by Villatte (1985) is unavoidable. This demonstration in the field of pesticides confirms the strength of Villatte's initial proposal. An entire functionalist prevention paradigm promulgated by human factors (Reason, 1990) is now called into question.
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Smith, Babette. "Ann Janet Woolcock 1937–2001". Historical Records of Australian Science 25, nr 2 (2014): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14023.
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Ann Woolcock graduated in medicine from the University of Adelaide and pursued postgraduate studies in respiratory medicine with Professor John Read at the University of Sydney. Her MD thesis, awarded in 1967, was on the mechanical behaviour of the lungs in asthma. From 1966 to 1968 she worked with Professor Peter Macklem at McGill University in Canada, then returned to the University of Sydney to continue researching asthma. Her work in asthma and epidemiology showed that asthma was caused by allergens but that there is a genetic component. Her clinical research was a major contribution to better outcomes in asthma, in particular, the demonstration and practical measurement of airway hyperresponsiveness and her subsequent research that examined its contribution to asthma severity and the ways in which treatments were able to reduce it. In 1989 she wrote, with others, the world's first national guidelines for asthma management, the Australian Asthma Management Plan. In 1984, she was appointed to a personal chair of Respiratory Medicine at the University of Sydney. She founded the Institute of Respiratory Medicine in 1985, based at Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. After her death, the Institute was renamed the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research in her honour.
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Lauer, William C. "Water Quality for Potable Reuse". Water Science and Technology 23, nr 10-12 (1.05.1991): 2171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0675.
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Denver's Potable Water Reuse Demonstration Project is designed to examine the feasibility of converting secondary treated wastewater to potable water quality. A 1.0 mgd (44L/s) treatment plant began operation in 1985 and during the first three years many processes were evaluated. Data from the evaluation period was used to select the optimum treatment sequence which is now being used to produce samples for the two-year animal feeding health effects study now underway. Operation in this configuration will continue until early 1991 during which time comprehensive analytical studies will further define the water quality in relation to existing standards and Denver's current potable supply. A decision concerning the full-scale implementation of direct potable reuse will follow extensive analysis of the test results and in-depth economic evaluation.
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Fuller, P. J., J. A. Clements, G. W. Tregear, I. Nikolaidis, P. L. Whitfeld i J. W. Funder. "Vasopressin-neurophysin II gene expression in the ovary: studies in Sprague–Dawley, Long–Evans and Brattleboro rats". Journal of Endocrinology 105, nr 3 (czerwiec 1985): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1050317.
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ABSTRACT The neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) have been identified on immunological criteria in the ovary. Confirmation of extraneuronal synthesis requires the demonstration in the tissue of the specific messenger RNA (mRNA) for the preprohormone. Using a synthetic pentadecamer nucleotide probe, highly specific for the 5′ region of rat neurophysin II (NPII), we have demonstrated the presence of AVP-NPII mRNA in the ovary of Sprague–Dawley, Long–Evans and Brattleboro rats, with an apparent molecular weight identical to that seen for hypothalamus. These findings, together with the presence of immunoreactive AVP in the ovaries but not hypothalami of Brattleboro rats, suggest that tissue-specific differences in AVP-NP II gene expression occur at the translational as well as transcriptional level. J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 317–321
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Boisvert, Raymonde. "Éléments d’explication sociale de l’uxoricide". Criminologie 29, nr 2 (16.08.2005): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017390ar.
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In this article, we will focus on the frequency and characteristics of conjugal homicides which occurred in Montréal between 1954 and 1962, and compare these crimes with those taking place between 1985 and 1989. The comparison of the main aspects of the phenomenon shows that the number of such crimes has increased steadily from one period to the next. During these two periods, women formed the majority of the victims and men, the perpetrators. The individual factors (mental illness, alcohol, despair) that may trigger the expression of violence do not account for all homicides. In fact, these crimes are often the ultimate demonstration of the control some men have over their wives. We will examine the social implications lying at the root of some men's desire to control their wives to the point of killing them when they fail to meet their expectations.
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Boehler, E., L. Haldenwang i G. Schwabe. "Results and experience with the NEBIO tube reactor process in the water treatment plant coswig near Dresden". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 10-11 (1.10.1994): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0797.
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Research work in the field of heterotrophic denitrification was done in Dresden between 1976 and 1980; in 1985 it was resumed with new objectives. A fluidized-bed reactor with a floatable granular carrier material was developed and represents a novel solution. The process could be essentially improved by making use of the NEBIO tube reactor, where the fluidized bed is produced by downward flow of the water to be treated. The circulation of a partial stream is not required. In February 1989 a pilot plant with a capacity of 650 m3/d was taken into operation. Due to the good results, further work has been sponsored by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie from the middle of 1990. Planning work for a demonstration plant was carried out in 1991. In August 1992 two reactors with a water throughput of 6,100 m3/d were already started, and the aftertreatment unit with aeration, multi-layer and activated-carbon filter, pH adaptation by gas exchange and a two-stage disinfection with chlorine was taken into operation. In November 1992 for the first time water was fed into the supply system. The NEBIO tube reactor process proved to be a reliable and safe process for the biological elimination of nitrate. Continued research work will focus on the development of models for the degradation processes in the tube reactor and the optimisation of the overall technology.
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Franklyn, J. A., M. Wilson, J. R. Davis, D. B. Ramsden, K. Docherty i M. C. Sheppard. "DEMONSTRATION OF THYROTROPHIN β-SUBUNIT MESSENGER RNA IN RAT PITUITARY CELLS IN PRIMARY CULTURE - EVIDENCE FOR REGULATION BY THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE AND FORSKOLIN". Journal of Endocrinology 111, nr 1 (październik 1986): R1—R2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.111r001.
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ABSTRACT We have reported previously the effect of thyroid status in vivo on pituitary cytoplasmic concentrations of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the thyrotrophin (TSH) β-subunit (Franklyn, Lynam, Docherty et al, 1985). Studies in vitro of the regulation of TSH β gene transcription have been confined to thyrotrophic tumour cells. We now report the demonstration of TSH β-subunit mRNA in non-tumorous rat pituitary cells in primary culture. Treatment of cells with thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and with forskolin resulted in a marked increase in cellular concentration of TSH β-mRNA. These results suggest that TRH exerts a direct effect on the pretranslational events involved in TSH synthesis and further that the adenylate cyclase system may be involved in the regulation of synthesis. We have thus described a novel system for the study of TSH β-subunit gene expression in normal rat pituitary cells in vitro.
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Bailey, Walter, Akile Tesfaye, Jerry Dakita, Michael McGrath, Glenn Daigger, Alex Benjamin i Thomas Sadick. "Large-scale nitrogen removal demonstration at the blue plains wastewater treatment plant using post-denitrification with methanol". Water Science and Technology 38, nr 1 (1.07.1998): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0021.
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The Chesapeake Bay Agreement of 1987 calls for an overall reduction in nutrient loading of forty percent of 1985 levels by the year 2000. Signatories to the agreement include the states located in the Bay's watershed and the District of Columbia. The District's 16.2 m3/sec (370 mgd) Blue Plains Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant is the single, largest point source of nitrogen load to the Bay, discharging approximately 18 metric tons per day. In an effort toward meeting the nitrogen reduction goal, a post-denitrification demonstration study was recently begun to access its potential for long-term implementation. The denitrification demonstration project involves operating half of the nitrification facilities in a nitrification-denitrification mode using methanol as a carbon source for post-denitrification. The other half continues operation in a nitrification-only mode as a control. The post-denitrification process was selected for demonstration because it utilizes existing facilities and may offer substantial long-term cost savings. Objectives of the study are to demonstrate the process without a negative impact on effluent quality, to verify performance and capacity, to determine the stability and limitations of the project, and to compare the process to other nitrogen-removal technologies. Thus far, the process has been successful in removing nitrogen despite problems with phosphorus limitation and with the settling characteristics of the denitrification sludge. It is believed that insufficient phosphorus availability has been responsible for problems associated with settling, sludge yield, methanol use, and denitrification rates. Recently, phosphorus input to the denitrification process has been increased by reducing metal salt addition in upstream processes and preliminary results have been promising. If performance criteria are achieved without sacrificing plant capacity, the process will be continued at full scale.
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KYRIAKIS (ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ Σ.Κ.), S. C., S. K. KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ), O. PAPADOPOULOS (ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ο.), I. MAVROMATIS (ΜΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΗΣ Ι.) i A. TSINAS (ΤΣΙΝΑΣ Α.). "Classical swine fever: current situation in European countries and its potential danger for the greek pig industry". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 49, nr 4 (31.01.2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15780.
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Classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease of substantial economical importance for the pig industry. Its clinical demonstration varies according to the virulence of the infecting strain, so that highly virulent strains cause severe acute disease, whilst strains of low virulence appear to cause only mild or even inapparent disease. Swine fever is α problem in many countries worldwide for years. In Greece, the latest case was reported during 1985. Nowdays, swine fever became once more "hot" due to its appearance in countries that were free of the disease for long periods (Holland, Spain, Italy etc). In this review paper, some general information necessary for the understanding and the prevention of the disease are presented, and the latest data of the recent epidemic in different European countries are retrieved. Finally, based on the recent "painful" experience of these countries, essential preventive measures for the greek pig industry are suggested.
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Konopacki, Jan. "Development of oscillatory activity in the limbic cortex in vitro". Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 56, nr 1 (31.03.1996): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-1996-1144.
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The generation of EEG theta rhythms in the mammalian limbic cortex is a prime example of rhythmic activity that involves central mechanisms of oscillations and synchrony. In 1985 for the first time we demonstrated that bath perfusion of the hippocampal formation slices with cholinergic agonists resulted in theta-like oscillations. Since this initial demonstration of the in vitro theta activity, we have carried out a number of experiments in an attempt to answer the general question: what are the similarities between the cholinergic-induced in vitro theta and theta rhythm which naturally occurs in the in vivo preparation. Thus far, our in vitro studies provided strong evidence that the in vitro recorded theta oscillations replicate many physiological and pharmacological properties of the in vivo observed theta rhythm. In addition, our studies validate the in vitro maintained limbic cortex as a model for studying central mechanisms of oscillations and synchrony.
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Lu and, Huanmin, i Andrew H. P. Swift. "El Paso Solar Pond". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, nr 3 (1.01.2001): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1384572.
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The El Paso Solar Pond, a research, development, and demonstration project operated by the University of Texas at El Paso, is a salinity-gradient solar pond with a surface area of 3,000 m2 and a depth of 3.2 m. The pond utilizes an aqueous solution of predominantly sodium chloride (NaCl). The surface convective zone, main gradient zone, and bottom convective zone are approximately 0.6 m, 1.4 m, and 1.2 m, respectively. The project, located on the property of Bruce Foods, Inc., was initiated in 1983 in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Since then, the El Paso Solar Pond has successfully developed a series of technologies for solar pond operation and maintenance, as well as demonstrated several different applications. In 1985, the El Paso Solar Pond became the first in the world to deliver industrial process heat to a commercial manufacturer; in 1986 became the first solar pond electric power generating facility in the United States; and in 1987 became the nation’s first experimental solar pond powered water desalting facility. Currently, the major research at El Paso Solar Pond is focused on desalination and brine management technologies. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a systems approach for desalination/brine management via a multiple process desalination coupled with solar ponds. This systems approach will reuse the brine concentrate rejected from desalting plants thereby negating the need for disposal (zero discharge), and provide additional pollution-free renewable energy for the desalting process.
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Maguire, R. J. "Occurrence and Persistence of Dyes in a Canadian River". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 11 (1.06.1992): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0301.
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A study of the Yamaska River in Quebec, Canada, in the period 1985 - 1987 has revealed the occurrence of fifteen dyes in water, suspended solids and sediment downstream of textile mills. The most contaminated area was downstream of the city of Granby, which has the largest concentration of textile mills in the basin. Three dyes were positively identified - Disperse Red 60, Disperse Blue 26 and Disperse Blue 79, the most widely used dye in the world. In addition, a mutagenic degradation product of Disperse Blue 79, 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline, was identified in sediment at a location about 6 km downstream of Granby. This product is a result of the reductive cleavage of the azo bond of Disperse Blue 79 in anaerobic sediments. Most of the dyes found are expected to be moderately stable in aerobic environments, but may degrade under anaerobic conditions. This is the first demonstration of the occurrence of dyes in the Canadian environment.
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Tincani, A., M. Filippini, M. Scarsi, M. Galli i PL Meroni. "European attempts for the standardisation of the antiphospholipid antibodies". Lupus 18, nr 10 (11.08.2009): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203309106919.
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According to the Sydney criteria, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) diagnosis is closely related to the demonstration of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in patients sera. For this purpose, three different assays are conventionally accepted: lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies. LA, described in the 1950s is a coagulation-based functional assay, which indirectly detects the presence of aPL. The aCL ELISA was developed in 1985; the identification of β2GPI as a major target of aPL, allowed the introduction of anti-β2GPI ELISA. Even if the diagnostic criteria for APS have been well defined, the laboratory detection of aPL is not always reproducible for many reasons. To achieve a univocal diagnostic definition of APS, efforts were made to reduce the inter- and/or intra-laboratory variability of the diagnostic tests. In this article, we analyse the studies performed to standardise aPL assays that were developed within the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies.
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Castenmiller, Peter, i Paul Dekker. "Politieke betrokkenheid en activiteit in Nederland 1973-1986". Res Publica 31, nr 1 (31.03.1989): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v31i1.18886.
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In 1985 Cleymans showed in this journal that politica! participation in Belgium did not differ much from what was found in international research in other European countries. In this article some pieces of "conventional wisdom" in the international literature about structure and selectivity of political participation are questioned with Dutch data. Furthermore, information about participation in the Netherlands is important in itself. As neighbouring countries with close connections and interrelated histories, Belgium and Holland certainly deserve more attention as objects for comparative study. In a range of ten activities from trying to contact politicians to joining a demonstration it seems to make less and less sense to look for a polarity of conventional and unconventional participation in the Netherlands. The overall political participation since 1973 appears to remain at the same level. This finding questions popular beliefs about shifts from a rebellious beginning of the seventies to a quiet period in the second half of that decade to spectacular outbursts of unconventional political behaviour at the beginning of the eighties (new social movements) and resulting in political apathy at the moment. On a macro-level the stability of participation seems to be combined with a constant or slowly rising passive political involvement. Political involvement and participation in the 1980'sare still related with individual and social background characteristics as education, sex, age, involvement in the Labour force and religion. However, relationships are not very strong in the 1980's. Following political participation of some social categories in the 1973-1986 period, it appeared that education and leftright-selfrating are of most and possibly still growing importance. Besides the higher educated and leftisht people, public employees are the "big participators" during all the years. Students evidently lose position. The gap between the sexes seems to disappear. Whereas in Belgium working outside the home does not seem to be a factor that stimulates the participation of wamen, in the Netherlands it seems to be of an utmost importance.It turns out that there are similarities and differences in political involvement and participation between Belgium and the Netherlands. Same differences may result from the fact that Cleymans used data of 1975, whereas we used data until 1986. It is clear, however, that there have been developments in the structure andselectivity of participation in the Netherlands and it would be interesting to have more recent comparative information about Belgium.
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Liddle, Brantley. "What Is the Temporal Path of the GDP Elasticity of Energy Consumption in OECD Countries? An Assessment of Previous Findings and New Evidence". Energies 15, nr 10 (21.05.2022): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103802.
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This paper answers the question: what is the path of the GDP elasticity of economy-wide energy consumption for OECD countries over the period 1960–2019? To do so, this study first considers the arguments as to why this elasticity might change over time, and then reviews the previous evidence on whether this elasticity has changed over time. Lastly, the paper compiles and uses a new dataset to analyze whether the GDP elasticity of energy demand in OECD countries (i) has changed between the periods before and after the major energy crises (e.g., 1974–1985); and (ii) has been stable since 1986. Elasticity stability is analyzed via rolling window regressions using dynamic mean group cross-correlated errors. We argue that (i) the GDP elasticity for economy-wide energy consumption was around unity for OECD countries prior to the first energy crisis; and (ii) the reactions to the extreme oil price experiences that occurred over 1974–1985 led to a substantially lower GDP elasticity for economy-wide energy consumption of around 0.6 that has been stable at that level since the end of the second energy crisis (circa 1986). This demonstration of the path of the GDP elasticity is in contrast to some recent work that has suggested the GDP elasticity of energy has not changed (or changed very little) since the 1970s or even since the 1960s. Furthermore, this evidence that reactions to those extreme oil price experiences led to a step-function-like lowering of the GDP elasticity runs counter to other arguments that dematerialization, inverted-U-based development paths, or Kyoto Protocol ratification are responsible for continued declines in the GDP elasticity.
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Buchrieser, C., R. Brosch, B. Catimel i J. Rocourt. "Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applied for comparing Listeria monocytogenes strains involved in outbreaks". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, nr 4 (1.04.1993): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-058.
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Recent food-borne outbreaks of human listeriosis as well as numerous sporadic cases have been mainly caused by Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b strains. Thus, it was of interest to find out whether a certain clone or a certain few clones were responsible for these cases and especially for outbreaks., We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal DNA restriction fragments generated by ApaI, SmaI, or NotI to analyse 75 L. monocytogenes strains isolated during six major and eight smaller recent listeriosis outbreaks. These strains could be divided into 20 different genomic varieties. Thirteen of 14 strains isolated during major epidemics in Switzerland (1983–1987), the United States (California, 1985) and Denmark (1985–1987) demonstrated indistinguishable DNA restriction patterns. In contrast, strains responsible for the outbreaks in Canada (Nova Scotia, 1981), the United States (Massachusetts, 1983), France (Anjou, 1975–1976), New Zealand (1969), and Austria (1986) and some smaller outbreaks in France (1987, 1988, 1989) were each characterized by particular combinations of DNA restriction patterns. Seventy-seven percent of the tested strains could be classified into the previously described ApaI group A (Brosch et al. 1991), demonstrating a very close genomic relatedness. Because 49% of the epidemic strains selected for this study belonged to phagovar 2389/2425/3274/2671/47/108/340 or 2389/47/108/340, fifty-six additional strains of these phagovars, isolated from various origins, were also typed to determine whether differences in DNA restriction profiles between epidemic and randomly selected strains of the same phagovars could be pointed out. Variations in DNA patterns appeared more frequently within randomly selected strains than within epidemic strains.Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, listeriosis, typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, epidemic.
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Dunn, Winnie, i Mary Ann Boyle. "A Comparison of Funding Patterns in Professional Occupational Therapy Education Programs". Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 14, nr 3 (lipiec 1994): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929401400303.
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This study compared data collected from two questionnaires completed by faculty in professional occupational therapy education programs in the United States. The questionnaires asked respondents to describe their funding requests over two time periods; 1985 through 1987 and 1988 through 1990. The data from the first time period was reported elsewhere (Boyle, Dunn, & Kielhofner, 1990); this article presents the data from the second inquiry and compares the data from the two time periods to show trends. Programs submitted a total of 24 requests intramurally and 194 requests extramurally for a total of 218 requests during the second time period. Programs received full or partial funding for 115 proposals, a total of nearly $15 million, which was an increase of approximately $2 million. Research was funded at $1,865,500 ( n=35), a more than $1 million increase from the first time period. Programs received $5,725,790 for training ( n=35), $28,450 for model programs ( n=2), $1,326,614 for research and demonstration ( n=6), and $5,804,689 for other activities ( n=37).
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Kells, James J., Maurice L. Vitosh i Oran B. Hesterman. "Plant Problem Diagnosis Field Days — An Approach to Extension Education". Weed Technology 1, nr 1 (styczeń 1987): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029134.
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Field days on diagnosis of plant problems were conducted by Extension specialists at Michigan State University. The objective was to expose participants to a variety of plant growth problems. Techniques were developed to simulate crop injury from herbicide and fertilizer misapplication and environmental stress. Twenty demonstration plots each were established for corn (Zea maysL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. A specific problem was demonstrated in each plot. Two field days were held in 1985. One field day was conducted for agribusiness personnel and the other for Extension field staff. Promotion of the field days was a cooperative effort among Michigan Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan Pesticide Association, and Michigan Plant Food Council. Resource people conducting tours of the plots and leading discussions of the problems included a weed scientist, a soil fertility specialist, and a crop production agronomist. An evaluation survey indicated that this event was useful in furthering the understanding of plant growth problems. Based on the survey responses, future plant problem diagnosis field days are being planned in Michigan.
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Flaherty, L. Michael, John E. Riley i Allen G. Hansen. "A COMPUTERIZED TOOL FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE DECISION MAKING". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, nr 1 (1.04.1987): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-269.
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ABSTRACT In 1984, the authors developed a preliminary version of a computerized oil spill countermeasure decision tree. The original purpose of this tool was to be used for real-time spill response, although both training and contingency planning have now been identified as additionally important uses of this product. A presentation and demonstration of the spill response and training tool were made at the 1985 Oil Spill Conference. Since that conference, comments have been solicited from government and private organizations, and the program has been upgraded to include several important features. A revised program was developed and made available for field use in June 1986. This paper provides a brief review of the oil spill response decision process and contingency planning, the development of other decision trees, a review of what was accomplished since the last conference with this decision tree, and a discussion of the uses of the software for training purposes, for contingency planning, and for handling responses at actual spill situations. In addition, innovations in the program and those currently under development are presented. Some noteworthy additions are described which include a checklist for oil spill data gathering as well as printing capabilities for commenting on and documenting the entire decision path. Another feature identified is the inclusion of the entire National Contingency Plan (NCP) schedule of countermeasure products in the program. Finally, a discussion of future program enhancements being considered is provided, including the use of electronic mail and multiuser computers to allow response personnel at different locations to communicate, modifications of the program to address regional needs, and the expansion of the tool to include hazardous chemical spills.
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Angioni, Lucas. "Demonstration and necessity: a short note on Metaphysics 1015b6-9". Revista Archai, nr 33 (20.11.2023): e03320. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1984-249x_33_20.
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I discuss a short string of five sentences in Metaphysics V.5, 1015b6-9 relating demonstration to necessity. My proposal is that Aristotle is focusing his attention on the demonstration as a demonstration. Other interpretations reduce the necessity in question to the modality of the component sentences of the demonstrations (the conclusion and the premises). My view does not deny that modality of the component sentences are important, but takes seriously the idea that a demonstration itself should be understood as necessary—as not capable of being otherwise. A demonstration cannot be different from what it is in the sense that [i] its components cannot be different from what they are, [ii] its components must be related to each other exactly in the way they are related. Demonstrations aim at the fully appropriate explanation of a given explanandum—and each demonstration is individuated by the explanandum it takes. Thus, the basic idea is that, for the target explanandum that individuates a given demonstration, the premises delivering the fully appropriate explanation cannot be different from what they are. I show how this proposal, which explains Aristotle's language in 1015b6-9 accurately, does not make demonstrations 'melt down into conditional necessity', first, because the modality of the component sentences are still importantly involved, second, because the explanatory relation expressed in a demonstration is a necessary fact in the real world, so that the demonstration itself is also necessary (in the way I have explained) inasmuch as it captures that fact.
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Buss, Leo W., i Philip O. Yund. "A Sibling Species Group of Hydractinia in the North-Eastern United States". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, nr 4 (listopad 1989): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400032215.
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Many symbiotic organisms are narrowly distributed on one or a few host species. These associations are intriguing, as they invite the development of hypotheses regarding the pattern and process of speciation and serve as laboratories for the testing of methods of phylogenetic reconstruction (Kraus, 1978; Futuyma & Slatkin, 1983; Stone & Hawks worth, 1986). The evolution of host-specificity in the sea may be expected to be severely constrained by the difficulty of achieving reproductive isolation in taxa whose gametes are freely released into the water column and/or whose larvae are potentially widely distributed (Scheltema, 1977). Yet this difficulty may well be overestimated, given the recent demonstrations of limited gamete (Pennington, 1985; Yund, in press) and larval dispersal (Knight-Jones & Moyse, 1961; Ryland, 1981; Olsen, 1985; Jackson & Coates, 1986; Grosberg, 1987). Indeed, if gamete and larval dispersal are as limited as has recently been contended (Jackson, 1986), local isolation of populations may be a routine occurence, offering repeated opportunities for speciation.
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Blankenship, D. D., S. Anandakrishnan, J. L. Kempf i C. R. Bentley. "Microearthquakes Under and Alongside Ice Stream B, Antarctica. Detected By A New Passive Seismic Array". Annals of Glaciology 9 (1987): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500200712.
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A new seismographic array with a band width of 500 Hz per channel and a dynamic range of 96 dB was developed for detecting natural events on glaciers. It was first deployed on ice stream B during the 1985–86 austral summer. The network consists of nine solar-powered seismographs, each monitoring three components of ground motion. Each of the seismographs is connected by up to 4 km of fiber-optic cable to a central node where seismic events are both detected and recorded. During 85 h of passive seismic monitoring on ice stream B, 25 microearthquakes were observed. Sixteen of these events were associated with shallow crevassing, mostly near the margins, although not within the zones of extreme shearing that bound the ice streams. Nine microearthquakes were associated with low-angle thrusting near the base of the ice stream. The principal initial result of these passive seismic studies is the demonstration that virtually none of the energy dissipated beneath ice stream B takes place through brittle fracture near the base. Nevertheless, fracture associated with microearthquakes may play a significant role in sub-glacial erosion.
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Dummer, Gail M., Martha E. Ewing, Rochelle V. Habeck i Sara R. Overton. "Attributions of Athletes with Cerebral Palsy". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 4, nr 4 (październik 1987): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.4.4.278.
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The attributions of 147 athletes with cerebral palsy who participated in the 1985 National Cerebral Palsy/Les Autres Games were investigated following competition relative to their reactions to objectively and subjectively defined success or failure. Attributions were the dependent variable in a 2 × 2 (More-Disabled/Less-Disabled × Win/Loss) MANOVA. Attributions were also analyzed in a 2 × 4 (More-Disabled/Less-Disabled × Satisfied/Dissatisfied, Winner/Loser) MANOVA designed to determine the influence of perceived success or failure upon causal explanations of performance. There were no significant differences in the use of attributions by gender; however, there were differences in the use of attributions across disability classifications. Disabled winners used both internal and external explanations to a greater degree than losers, which was inconsistent with previous literature. Previous results linking persistence in sport to the use of internal and stable attributions were supported. Subjective outcome, defined in terms of satisfaction with performance, was a more powerful explanation of achievement behavior for the disabled athletes in this study than objective outcome. Satisfaction was associated with demonstration of positive qualities such as using the right strategy and ability, with realistic assessment of ability, and with enjoying competition.