Artykuły w czasopismach: „Demographic Noise”

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Yu, QinQin, Matti Gralka, Marie-Cécilia Duvernoy, Megan Sousa, Arbel Harpak i Oskar Hallatschek. "Mutability of demographic noise in microbial range expansions". ISME Journal 15, nr 9 (21.03.2021): 2643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00951-9.

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AbstractDemographic noise, the change in the composition of a population due to random birth and death events, is an important driving force in evolution because it reduces the efficacy of natural selection. Demographic noise is typically thought to be set by the population size and the environment, but recent experiments with microbial range expansions have revealed substantial strain-level differences in demographic noise under the same growth conditions. Many genetic and phenotypic differences exist between strains; to what extent do single mutations change the strength of demographic noise? To investigate this question, we developed a high-throughput method for measuring demographic noise in colonies without the need for genetic manipulation. By applying this method to 191 randomly-selected single gene deletion strains from the E. coli Keio collection, we find that a typical single gene deletion mutation decreases demographic noise by 8% (maximal decrease: 81%). We find that the strength of demographic noise is an emergent trait at the population level that can be predicted by colony-level traits but not cell-level traits. The observed differences in demographic noise from single gene deletions can increase the establishment probability of beneficial mutations by almost an order of magnitude (compared to in the wild type). Our results show that single mutations can substantially alter adaptation through their effects on demographic noise and suggest that demographic noise can be an evolvable trait of a population.

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Yang, Qian, Tim Rogers i Jonathan H. P. Dawes. "Demographic noise slows down cycles of dominance". Journal of Theoretical Biology 432 (listopad 2017): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.07.025.

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Lutman, Mark E., i Helen S. Spencer. "Occupational noise and demographic factors in hearing". Acta Oto-Laryngologica 111, sup476 (styczeń 1991): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489109127258.

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Carletti, Margherita, i Malay Banerjee. "A Backward Technique for Demographic Noise in Biological Ordinary Differential Equation Models". Mathematics 7, nr 12 (9.12.2019): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7121204.

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Physical systems described by deterministic differential equations represent idealized situations since they ignore stochastic effects. In the context of biomathematical modeling, we distinguish between environmental or extrinsic noise and demographic or intrinsic noise, for which it is assumed that the variation over time is due to demographic variation of two or more interacting populations (birth, death, immigration, and emigration). The modeling and simulation of demographic noise as a stochastic process affecting units of populations involved in the model is well known in the literature, resulting in discrete stochastic systems or, when the population sizes are large, in continuous stochastic ordinary differential equations and, if noise is ignored, in continuous ordinary differential equation models. The inverse process, i.e., inferring the effects of demographic noise on a natural system described by a set of ordinary differential equations, is still an issue to be addressed. With this paper, we provide a technique to model and simulate demographic noise going backward from a deterministic continuous differential system to its underlying discrete stochastic process, based on the framework of chemical kinetics, since demographic noise is nothing but the biological or ecological counterpart of intrinsic noise in genetic regulation. Our method can, thus, be applied to ordinary differential systems describing any kind of phenomena when intrinsic noise is of interest.

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Bonachela, Juan A., Miguel A. Muñoz i Simon A. Levin. "Patchiness and Demographic Noise in Three Ecological Examples". Journal of Statistical Physics 148, nr 4 (6.06.2012): 724–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-012-0506-x.

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Yokoshima, Shigenori, Makoto Morinaga, Sohei Tsujimura, Koji Shimoyama i Takashi Morihara. "Representative Exposure–Annoyance Relationships Due to Transportation Noises in Japan". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 20 (18.10.2021): 10935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010935.

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This paper focuses on clarifying the relationship between noise exposure and the prevalence of highly annoyed people due to transportation noise in Japan. The authors accumulated 34 datasets, which were provided by Socio-Acoustic Survey Data Archive and derived from the other surveys conducted in Japan. All the datasets include the following micro-data: demographic factors, exposure, and annoyance data associated with specific noise sources. We performed secondary analyses using micro-data and established the relationships between noise exposure (Lden) and the percentage of highly annoyed people (%HA) for the following noise source: road traffic, conventional railway, Shinkansen railway, civil aircraft, and military aircraft noises. Among the five transportation noises, %HA for the military aircraft noise is the highest, followed by civil aircraft noise and Shinkansen railway noise. The %HA for conventional railway noise was higher than that for road traffic noise. To validate the representativeness of the exposure–response curves, we have discussed factors affecting the difference in annoyance. In addition, comparing the Japanese relationship with that shown in the “Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region,” we revealed that Japanese annoyance is higher than the WHO-reported annoyance.

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Yokoshima, Shigenori, Makoto Morinaga, Sohei Tsujimura, Koji Shimoyama, Takashi Morihara i Takashi Yano. "Relationship between exposure and listening disturbance response due to transportation noise in Japan". INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, nr 4 (1.02.2023): 3376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0478.

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In the previous study, we performed a secondary analysis using micro-data and established the Japanese relationships between sound pressure level from night-time (Lnight) and the percentage of highly sleep disturbed people (%HSD) for the following transportation noises: road traffic, conventional railway and Shinkansen railway noises. Adding the datasets associated with civil and military aircraft noises, we successively established the Japanese representative relationships between day-evening-night sound pressure level (Lden) and the prevalence of highly annoyed people (%HA) due to transportation noise in Japan. This paper newly focuses on listening disturbance, which is one of psychological effects of noise. Thirty-five datasets, which were provided by Socio-Acoustic Survey Data Archive and derived from the other recent surveys conducted in Japan, were accumulated for the analysis. All the datasets include the following micro-data: demographic factors, exposure, and reaction to disturbance in listening to telephone, television, or radio. This paper defines the percentage of highly listening disturbed people (%HLD) using a 72% cut-off point. Based on the discussion about the difference in %HLD depending on the question wording, the number of scale points, demographic factor, and housing type, we establish the relationship between Lden and %HLD by transportation noise.

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Constable, George W. A., Tim Rogers, Alan J. McKane i Corina E. Tarnita. "Demographic noise can reverse the direction of deterministic selection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, nr 32 (22.07.2016): E4745—E4754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603693113.

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Deterministic evolutionary theory robustly predicts that populations displaying altruistic behaviors will be driven to extinction by mutant cheats that absorb common benefits but do not themselves contribute. Here we show that when demographic stochasticity is accounted for, selection can in fact act in the reverse direction to that predicted deterministically, instead favoring cooperative behaviors that appreciably increase the carrying capacity of the population. Populations that exist in larger numbers experience a selective advantage by being more stochastically robust to invasions than smaller populations, and this advantage can persist even in the presence of reproductive costs. We investigate this general effect in the specific context of public goods production and find conditions for stochastic selection reversal leading to the success of public good producers. This insight, developed here analytically, is missed by the deterministic analysis as well as by standard game theoretic models that enforce a fixed population size. The effect is found to be amplified by space; in this scenario we find that selection reversal occurs within biologically reasonable parameter regimes for microbial populations. Beyond the public good problem, we formulate a general mathematical framework for models that may exhibit stochastic selection reversal. In this context, we describe a stochastic analog to r−K theory, by which small populations can evolve to higher densities in the absence of disturbance.

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Kang, Yung-Gyung, i Jeong-Man Park. "Demographic-noise-induced fixation in subdivided populations with migration". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 50, nr 47 (25.10.2017): 475001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aa8ce0.

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Perron, Maxime, Brian Lau i Claude Alain. "Interindividual variability in the benefits of personal sound amplification products on speech perception in noise: A randomized cross-over clinical trial". PLOS ONE 18, nr 7 (19.07.2023): e0288434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288434.

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Objective The aging population is prone to hearing loss, which has several adverse effects on quality of life, including difficulty following conversations in noisy environments. Personal Sound Amplification Products (PSAPs) are a less expensive, over-the-counter alternative to traditional, more expensive hearing aids. Although some studies have shown that PSAPs can mitigate hearing loss, the literature generally only addresses group differences without considering interindividual variability. This study aimed to 1) determine how PSAPs affect listening effort and speech perception in noise and 2) measure interindividual variability and identify contributing demographic and health factors. Design We used a cross-over design in which all participants were assigned to each condition. Participants Twenty-eight adults aged 60 to 87 years with normal hearing and mild hearing loss fulfilled the study requirements. Intervention In one session, speech-in-noise perception tasks were performed without PSAPs, and in the other, the tasks were performed with bilateral PSAPs. The two sessions were separated by one week, and the order of the sessions was balanced across participants. Main outcome measures In both sessions, participants performed the Quick speech-in-noise test and a word discrimination task in noise, in which their self-reported listening effort was measured. Results PSAPs use improved speech perception in noise in both tasks and reduced listening effort. There was considerable variability between individuals, with approximately 60–70% of participants showing benefit. Age, hearing and cognitive status were significant predictors of the benefits. Conclusion Not all individuals may benefit from the effect of PSAPs to the same extent at their first use, and this depends on specific health and demographic factors, particularly age, hearing, and cognitive status. These results underscore the importance of demographic and health factors in assessing the benefits of hearing amplification in older adults. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05076045.

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van de Pol, Martijn, Yngvild Vindenes, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Steinar Engen, Bruno J. Ens, Kees Oosterbeek i Joost M. Tinbergen. "Poor environmental tracking can make extinction risk insensitive to the colour of environmental noise". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, nr 1725 (11.05.2011): 3713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0487.

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The relative importance of environmental colour for extinction risk compared with other aspects of environmental noise (mean and interannual variability) is poorly understood. Such knowledge is currently relevant, as climate change can cause the mean, variability and temporal autocorrelation of environmental variables to change. Here, we predict that the extinction risk of a shorebird population increases with the colour of a key environmental variable: winter temperature. However, the effect is weak compared with the impact of changes in the mean and interannual variability of temperature. Extinction risk was largely insensitive to noise colour, because demographic rates are poor in tracking the colour of the environment. We show that three mechanisms—which probably act in many species—can cause poor environmental tracking: (i) demographic rates that depend nonlinearly on environmental variables filter the noise colour, (ii) demographic rates typically depend on several environmental signals that do not change colour synchronously, and (iii) demographic stochasticity whitens the colour of demographic rates at low population size. We argue that the common practice of assuming perfect environmental tracking may result in overemphasizing the importance of noise colour for extinction risk. Consequently, ignoring environmental autocorrelation in population viability analysis could be less problematic than generally thought.

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Joshi, Jaideep, i Vishwesha Guttal. "Demographic noise and cost of greenbeard can facilitate greenbeard cooperation". Evolution 72, nr 12 (26.10.2018): 2595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13615.

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Miedema, Henk M. E., i Henk Vos. "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, nr 6 (czerwiec 1999): 3336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.424662.

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Rogers, T., A. J. McKane i A. G. Rossberg. "Demographic noise can lead to the spontaneous formation of species". EPL (Europhysics Letters) 97, nr 4 (1.02.2012): 40008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/97/40008.

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Realpe-Gomez, John, Mara Baudena, Tobias Galla, Alan J. McKane i Max Rietkerk. "Demographic noise and resilience in a semi-arid ecosystem model". Ecological Complexity 15 (wrzesień 2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2013.04.002.

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Monazzam Esmaielpour, Mohammad R., Seyed A. Zakerian, Milad Abbasi, Faezeh Ábbasi Balochkhaneh i Seyed Hojat Mousavi Kordmiri. "Investigating the effect of noise exposure on mental disorders and the work ability index among industrial workers". Noise & Vibration Worldwide 53, nr 1-2 (2.11.2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09574565211052690.

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Noise as one of the most common hazardous physical agents in the work environment causes physical and psychological problems in occupied workers. This study aims to investigate the relationship of demographic variables and noise exposure with mental disorder and work ability index in automotive industry workers. This study aims to investigate the effect of noise exposure on mental disorder and work ability index among industry workers. In this descriptive-analytic study, 325 individuals working in auto parts supplier industry who were exposed to different level of noises were investigated. Personnel’s daily exposure to noise for each group was measured based on ISO-9612 standards using calibrated sound level meter model SVANTEK-971. Workers’ mental disorder and work ability index were determined using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale questionnaire and shortened form of work ability index, respectively. Then, collected data were analyzed using SPSS-22. The mean and standard deviation of mental disorder and work ability index for all employees was 23.46 ± 3.45 and 37.43 ± 6.14, respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA and linear regression analysis showed that there is a significant association between noise exposure with mental disorder and work ability index in term of age groups, working groups, and work experience ( p-value < .05). Regardless the effect of other variables, it can be stated that for each dB increase in noise exposure cause mental disorder increase by 0.32 and work ability index decrease by 0.157. And among the demographic variables, age was the most influential parameter on mental health and work ability index. According to the results of this study, noise exposure could lead to increased psychological distress and decreased work ability index in workers. The ability to work directly and indirectly through mental disorders can be affected by exposure to industrial noise. Considering severe exposure to noise in some units and the negative impact of noise exposure on mental health and work ability index, it is necessary to improve of controlling and protective measures against noise.

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Rahman, Md Mostafizur, Farah Tasnim, Masrur Abdul Quader, Md Nafee-Ul-Islam Bhuiyan, Mohammed Sadman Sakib, Rawnok Tabassum, Ifta Alam Shobuj i in. "Perceived Noise Pollution and Self-Reported Health Status among Adult Population of Bangladesh". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 4 (19.02.2022): 2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042394.

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Despite the public health concern, there is a dearth of research regarding perceived noise pollution and noise-related health status in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to evaluate the noise-related health status among Bangladesh’s adult population. 1386 adult Bangladeshis participated in an online survey. A linear regression model was used to evaluate overall noise-related health status determinants. 91% of the survey population reported noisy environments in their neighborhood, with the majority reporting two types (34%) of noise pollution sources. Road vehicles (38%) and construction activities (24%) were identified as significant source of noise pollution. The Bangladeshis are primarily exposed to noise during school and office hours. Socio-demographic information, perceived noise pollution and individual views towards noise pollution were examined as determinants of noise-related health problems. Females were found to be more impacted than males, and young people also expressed concern about noise pollution’s influence. Residents in mixed-unit buildings exhibited a significant level of noise-related health problems such as deafness, insomnia, heart disease, headache, stress, poor concentration, production loss, fatigue, irritability, heartburn, indigestion, ulcers, and high blood pressure. Noise pollution from road vehicles and industry has been shown to have a negative effect on people’s health. Individuals affected by noise were interested in noise reduction efforts. The findings of this research may aid in the improvement of international, national, and local noise control efforts.

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Meng, Yu, Ying-Cheng Lai i Celso Grebogi. "Tipping point and noise-induced transients in ecological networks". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, nr 171 (październik 2020): 20200645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0645.

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A challenging and outstanding problem in interdisciplinary research is to understand the interplay between transients and stochasticity in high-dimensional dynamical systems. Focusing on the tipping-point dynamics in complex mutualistic networks in ecology constructed from empirical data, we investigate the phenomena of noise-induced collapse and noise-induced recovery. Two types of noise are studied: environmental (Gaussian white) noise and state-dependent demographic noise. The dynamical mechanism responsible for both phenomena is a transition from one stable steady state to another driven by stochastic forcing, mediated by an unstable steady state. Exploiting a generic and effective two-dimensional reduced model for real-world mutualistic networks, we find that the average transient lifetime scales algebraically with the noise amplitude, for both environmental and demographic noise. We develop a physical understanding of the scaling laws through an analysis of the mean first passage time from one steady state to another. The phenomena of noise-induced collapse and recovery and the associated scaling laws have implications for managing high-dimensional ecological systems.

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Hritonenko, Natali, Alexandra Rodkina i Yuri Yatsenko. "Stability analysis of stochastic Ricker population model". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2006 (2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ddns/2006/64590.

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A stochastic generalization of the Ricker discrete population model is studied under the assumption that noise impacts the population reproduction rate. The obtained results demonstrate that the demographic-type stochastic noise increases the risk of the population extinction. In particular, the paper establishes conditions on the noise intensity under which the population will extinct even if the corresponding population with no noise survives.

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Gavagnin, Enrico, Sean T. Vittadello, Gency Gunasingh, Nikolas K. Haass, Matthew J. Simpson, Tim Rogers i Christian A. Yates. "Synchronized oscillations in growing cell populations are explained by demographic noise". Biophysical Journal 120, nr 8 (kwiecień 2021): 1314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.017.

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Lande, Russell. "Demographic Stochasticity and Allee Effect on a Scale with Isotropic Noise". Oikos 83, nr 2 (listopad 1998): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546849.

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Hatfield, J., R. FS Job, N. Carter, P. Peploe i S. Morrell. "THE INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF NOISE". Epidemiology 14, Supplement (wrzesień 2003): S17—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200309001-00017.

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Younis, Mohammad Bani, Feryal Hayajneh i Yousef Rubbai. "Factors influencing sleep quality among Jordanian intensive care patients". British Journal of Nursing 29, nr 5 (12.03.2020): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.5.298.

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Sleep disturbance is common in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Numerous factors can contribute to this. High noise and light levels, nursing interventions and medication administration are major factors. This study investigated the demographic and environmental factors that might adversely affect ICU patients' quality of sleep. Data were collected from 103 patients using a demographic data sheet, the Freedman Quality of Sleep Scale and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Scale. Patients' demographic characteristics were found to have no significant effects on their perceived quality of sleep. Environmental factors, including noise, light, nursing interventions, diagnostic testing, the administration of medication, talking and phones ringing, were significantly related to the patients' perceived quality of sleep.

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Couth, Samuel, Naadia Mazlan, David R. Moore, Kevin J. Munro i Piers Dawes. "Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors". Trends in Hearing 23 (styczeń 2019): 233121651988557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216519885571.

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High levels of occupational noise exposure increase the risk of hearing difficulties and tinnitus. However, differences in demographic, health, and lifestyle factors could also contribute to high levels of hearing difficulties and tinnitus in some industries. Data from a subsample ( n = 22,936) of the U.K. Biobank were analyzed to determine to what extent differences in levels of hearing difficulties and tinnitus in high-risk industries (construction, agricultural, and music) compared with low-risk industries (finance) could be attributable to demographic, health, and lifestyle factors, rather than occupational noise exposure. Hearing difficulties were identified using a digits-in-noise speech recognition test. Tinnitus was identified based on self-report. Logistic regression analyses showed that occupational noise exposure partially accounted for higher levels of hearing difficulties in the agricultural industry compared with finance, and occupational noise exposure, older age, low socioeconomic status, and non-White ethnic background partially accounted for higher levels of hearing difficulties in the construction industry. However, the factors assessed in the model did not fully account for the increased likelihood of hearing difficulties in high-risk industries, suggesting that there are additional unknown factors which impact on hearing or that there was insufficient measurement of factors included in the model. The levels of tinnitus were greatest for music and construction industries compared with finance, and these differences were accounted for by occupational and music noise exposure, as well as older age. These findings emphasize the need to promote hearing conservation in occupational and music settings, with a particular focus on high-risk demographic subgroups.

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Findlen, Ursula M., Jason Benedict i Smita Agrawal. "Clinical Practice Patterns of Fitting Advanced Device Features in Children With Cochlear Implants". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, nr 2 (8.02.2022): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00168.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify common clinical practice patterns for providing advanced noise management features in children with cochlear implants (CIs) and evaluate trends in consideration of clinician experience and comfort with CI manufacturer-specific technology. Method: A mixed-model survey including quantitative and qualitative questions regarding providing advanced noise management features in the pediatric CI population was collected electronically via research electronic data capture. Survey questions spanned approach/philosophy toward provision of features, age of provision, and demographics of respondents. Descriptive statistics were completed to define common clinical practice patterns and demographic information. Results: A total of 160 pediatric audiologists from 35 U.S. States and five Canadian provinces completed the survey. Most audiologists (73.8%) reported enabling automatic directional microphones, and a vast majority (91%) reported enabling advanced noise processing features such as automatic noise cancellers, wind noise cancellers, and impulse noise cancellers in recipients' main programs. Audiologists ranked features in terms of importance for a school-age child with the top three ranked as automatic noise reduction, automatic directional microphones, and concha-level microphones. Importance of child-specific factors varied depending upon the specific feature of interest. Conclusions: Variability exists among providers in enabling advanced noise management features for pediatric CI recipients. Multiple factors, including patient characteristics, provider characteristics, and limited evidence-based guidance, could account for much of the variation. Overall, there is a trend toward automaticity for noise management. Additional studies are warranted to provide the evidence base for confidently programming advanced features for children using CIs.

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Ma, Jing, Chunjiang Li, Mei-Po Kwan i Yanwei Chai. "A Multilevel Analysis of Perceived Noise Pollution, Geographic Contexts and Mental Health in Beijing". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 7 (13.07.2018): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071479.

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With rapid urbanization and increase in car ownership, ambient noise pollution resulting from diversified sources (e.g., road traffic, railway, commercial services) has become a severe environmental problem in the populated areas in China. However, research on the spatial variation of noise pollution and its potential effects on urban residents’ mental health has to date been quite scarce in developing countries like China. Using a health survey conducted in Beijing in 2017, we for the first time investigated the spatial distributions of multiple noise pollution perceived by residents in Beijing, including road traffic noise, railway (or subway) noise, commercial noise, and housing renovation (or construction) noise. Our results indicate that there is geographic variability in noise pollution at the neighborhood scale, and road traffic and housing renovation/construction are the principal sources of noise pollution in Beijing. We then employed Bayesian multilevel logistic models to examine the associations between diversified noise pollution and urban residents’ mental health symptoms, including anxiety, stress, fatigue, headache, and sleep disturbance, while controlling for a wide range of confounding factors such as socio-demographics, objective built environment characteristics, social environment and geographic context. The results show that perceived higher noise-pollution exposure is significantly associated with worse mental health, while physical environment variables seem to contribute little to variations in self-reported mental disorders, except for proximity to the main road. Social factors or socio-demographic attributes, such as age and income, are significant covariates of urban residents’ mental health, while the social environment (i.e., community attachment) and housing satisfaction are significantly correlated with anxiety and stress. This study provides empirical evidence on the noise-health relationships in the Chinese context and sheds light on the policy implications for environmental pollution mitigation and healthy city development in China.

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Fligor, Brian J., Sandra Levey i Tania Levey. "Cultural and Demographic Factors Influencing Noise Exposure Estimates From Use of Portable Listening Devices in an Urban Environment". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, nr 4 (sierpień 2014): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-h-12-0420.

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Purpose This study examined listening levels and duration of portable listening devices (PLDs) used by people with diversity of ethnicity, education, music genre, and PLD manufacturer. The goal was to estimate participants’ PLD noise exposure and identify factors influencing user behavior. Method This study measured listening levels of 160 adults in 2 New York City locations: (a) a quiet college campus and (b) Union Square, a busy interchange. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding demographics and PLD use. Ordinary least squares regression was used to explore the significance of demographic and behavioral factors. Results Average listening level was 94.1 dBA, with 99 of 160 (61.9%) and 92 of 159 (57.5%) exceeding daily (L A8hn ) and weekly (L Awkn ) recommended exposure limit, respectively. African American participants listened at the highest average levels (99.8 dBA). Conclusions A majority of PLD users exceeded recommended exposure levels. Factors significant for higher exposure were ethnicity and age; factors not significantly associated with exposure were gender, education, location, awareness of possible association between PLD use and noise-induced hearing loss, mode of transportation, device manufacturer, and music genre. Efforts to effect behavior changes to lessen noise-induced hearing loss risk from PLD use should be sensitive to the cultural differences within the targeted population.

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Lee, Pyoung Jik, Carl Hopkins i Rafaella Penedo. "Attitudes to Noise Inside Dwellings in Three Megacities: Seoul, London, and São Paulo". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 16 (18.08.2020): 6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166005.

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This study investigated people’s attitudes towards noise inside their homes. Online questionnaire surveys were conducted in Seoul, London, and São Paulo. The questionnaire was designed to assess annoyance caused by noise from neighbours and environmental noise (transportation). Information was also collected on situational, personal, and socio-demographic variables. Respondents that were more annoyed by outdoor noise inside their dwelling reported higher neighbour noise annoyance. In Seoul, neighbour noise was found to be more annoying than outdoor noise, and those with higher noise sensitivity reported higher annoyance towards neighbour noise. However, neighbour noise and outdoor noise was found to be equally annoying in London and São Paulo. For neighbour noise, the average percentage of respondents hearing structure-borne sources compared to airborne sources differed in each city. Most neighbour noise sources in São Paulo gave rise to higher annoyance ratings than Seoul and London. Education and income levels had a limited effect on annoyance and coping strategy. Annoyance with indoor noise from neighbours was found to have stronger relationships with cognitive and behavioural coping strategies than outdoor noise annoyance.

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Prasad Das, Chidananda, Shreerup Goswami, Bijay Kumar Swain i Mira Das. "Association between traffic noise-induced psychophysiological, and socio-demographic factors of motorcycle riders". Applied Acoustics 196 (lipiec 2022): 108898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.108898.

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Muhammad Kamran, Mohammed Akram, Naushad Nizam, Muhammad Mairaj Khan, Aneeta Khoso, Saima Zainab i Anees Mazhar. "Occupational exposures and symptoms of hearing loss among traffic police wardens, Karachi Pakistan." Professional Medical Journal 28, nr 12 (30.11.2021): 1817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.12.6472.

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Objective: To assess the frequency and association of symptoms of hearing loss among traffic police wardens. Study Design: Observational (Cross-sectional) study. Setting: Karachi, Pakistan. Period: January to June 2019. Material & Methods: Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to employ 181 traffic police wardens. A self-administered questionnaire translated into Urdu language was used. Written informed consent was taken from the participants. IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 was used for the data entry and analysis. Frequencies were determined of socio-demographic data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the factors associated with tinnitus. Results: Most of the traffic police wardens were young (mean age: 29.96 years), non-smokers (95%) and having a matriculate degree (49.7%). Around 97.8% documented working in noisy places; 98.3% of the wardens did not use any hearing protection devices during work, while 98.9% stated that they never had a hearing test. Multivariable logistic regression showed strong inverse associations of tinnitus with higher education levels, longer duration of work, working in a noisy area, and experiencing sudden noise exposures in their lifetime. Conclusion: Traffic police wardens are exposed to loud noise during work, exhibiting the deleterious health impacts of occupational exposure. This workforce needs to be educated regarding the adverse health impacts of occupational noise pollution, the importance and use of personal protective equipment. Further research is warranted using more quantitative assessment

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Rahmania, Aisy, Eka Rosanti, Ramadhan Saputra i Muhammad Rifki Taufik. "Hearing Loss Risk Factors Analysis among Gold Mining Dozer Operators". Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 11, SI (16.06.2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v11isi.2022.10-18.

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Introduction: industrial mining activities have the highest prevalence of NIHL due to operating a heavy vehicle. Dozer is one of the heavy vehicles with a high noise level. Methods: This study was descriptive research about risk factors related to hearing loss of 28 dozer operators at PT. X. The risk factors consisted of demographic factors, working behavior (listening to music, smoking), noise levels were analyzed with hearing loss using STS. Interviews were conducted with the workers and company representatives. Hearing loss examination used an audiometric test to determine the STS of the operators with the result that positive more than 10 dB and negative at 10 dB or less. All the data is secondary. Results: noise level of all dozers exceeds the TLV (>85dB) operated for 10 hours a day and six days a week. Half of the dozer operators had STS (+) occurred at age 40 years and older, working for more than five years, not use the PPE or misused, the habit of listening to music and smoking. Conclusion: noise and demographic factors can increase the risk of hearing loss in dozer operators. The company must control by combining plywood, foam, tray, and coir material in the dozer cabin, which can reduce 31.94 dB and apply for PPE double protection.

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Haralkar, Santosh J., i Rahul N. Gite. "Study of socio-demographic factors and morbidity profile of traffic policemen in Solapur city of Maharashtra". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, nr 1 (23.12.2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175768.

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Background: The traffic policemen are engaged in controlling vehicular traffic and exposed to higher concentrations of air pollution as well as noise pollution daily. Hence they are at a risk of developing various health problems due to their occupation. Methods: The aim of study was to study socio-demographic characteristics and morbidity profile of traffic policemen. A cross sectional study was carried out on 114 traffic policemen form the traffic control branch of the city from the police headquarter of the city. History regarding symptoms experienced at the workplace, history of present illness, past history, personal history and family history was obtained and clinical examination was done. Statistical analysis was done with the help of percentages, chi-square test. Results: Majority (89.47%) of the traffic policemen were married. Nuclear family type was seen in majority (64.91%) of traffic policemen. Annoyance to noise (51.75%) and eye irritation (32.46%) were most common symptoms experienced at work place by the traffic policemen. Obesity was a major health problem in the study subjects (63.16%). Respiratory morbidity like URTI (14.91%) and chronic rhinitis (14.04%) were found significantly more in the traffic policemen. Conclusions: Annoyance to noise and eye irritation were most common symptoms experienced at work place by the traffic policemen. Respiratory morbidity like URTI, chronic rhinitis and chronic bronchitis were most common.

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Lechner, Christoph, David Schnaiter, Uwe Siebert i Stephan Böse-O’Reilly. "Effects of Motorcycle Noise on Annoyance—A Cross-Sectional Study in the Alps". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 5 (29.02.2020): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051580.

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Motorcycle noise is an increasing noise problem, especially in Alpine valleys with winding roads and low environmental noise. The annoyance response to motorcycle engine noise is extraordinarily high in comparison to other traffic noise and cannot be explained by standard noise assessment curves. Therefore, the Tyrolean state government decided to initiate a multi-purpose study. Exposures were calculated based on sound-measurements taken across the entire district of Reutte in the western part of the State of Tyrol and a telephone survey (n = 545) was conducted with regional participants. The influence of demographic characteristics; sensitivity to noise; attitudes towards motorcycles and background noise on the annoyance was examined using bivariate analyses. In addition; exposure-response curves and their 95% confidence intervals with cut-off points of 60% and 72% for “highly annoyed” were created. The exposure annoyance response curves for motorcycle noise show a shift of more than 30 dB in annoyance reaction compared to other road traffic noise. The annoyance response to motorcycle noise in this Alpine region is concentrated on summer Sundays and Saturdays and is independent of the background exposure caused by other road traffic

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Luo, Xin, Courtney Kolberg, Kathryn R. Pulling i Tamiko Azuma. "Psychoacoustic and Demographic Factors for Speech Recognition of Older Adult Cochlear Implant Users". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, nr 6 (22.06.2020): 1712–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00225.

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Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging and cochlear implant (CI) on psychoacoustic and speech recognition abilities and to assess the relative contributions of psychoacoustic and demographic factors to speech recognition of older CI (OCI) users. Method Twelve OCI users, 12 older acoustic-hearing (OAH) listeners age-matched to OCI users, and 12 younger normal-hearing (YNH) listeners underwent tests of temporal amplitude modulation detection, temporal gap detection in noise, and spectral–temporal modulated ripple discrimination. Speech reception thresholds were measured for sentence recognition in multitalker, speech-babble noise. Results Statistical analyses showed that, for the small sample of OAH listeners, the degree of hearing loss did not significantly affect any outcome measure. Temporal resolution, spectral resolution, and speech recognition all significantly degraded with both age and the use of a CI (i.e., YNH better than OAH and OAH better than OCI performance). Although both were significantly correlated with OCI users' speech recognition, the duration of CI use no longer had a significant effect on speech recognition once the effect of spectral–temporal ripple discrimination performance was taken into account. For OAH listeners, the only significant predictor of speech recognition was temporal gap detection performance. Conclusion The preliminary results suggest that speech recognition of OCI users may improve with longer duration of CI use, mainly due to higher perceptual acuity to spectral–temporal modulated ripples in acoustic stimuli.

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Falzon, Joseph, Rebecca Emily Dalli Gonzi, Mario Camilleri i Simon Grima. "Effects of Noise Pollution on Residents Living in Birzebbuga and the Introduction of Effective Mitigation Measures". International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, nr 7 (30.11.2022): 2309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170732.

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There exists a direct influence of noise pollution on people's quality of life which can lead to several short and long-term health consequences. This paper presents the first phase of a mixed-method study conducted to understand the effects of noise pollution on residents living in Birzebbuga, Malta, followed by a second phase project completed in 2021. A questionnaire was completed by 477 inhabitants to obtain demographic information and data about noise pollution, its influence on residents' activities, and noise source discomfort. The study utilised the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise's five-scale technique to quantify noise irritation. The survey took place between February and May 2021. Data reported that in 98% of the participants noise pollution is a problem. 61.6% of respondents reported noise annoyance as the main category of pollution on health and well-being, followed by sleeping disorders and fatigue, stress, nervousness, loss of concentration, headaches and reduced ability to work. Given high levels of noise and the effects on the quality of life of residents, this study concludes that noise reduction regulations are a must, and a permanent sound monitoring network within the district of Birzebbuga is a crucial component for an effective low-noise implementation plan.

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Whittaker, J. D., T. Robinson, A. Acharya, D. Singh i M. Smith. "Noise-induced hearing loss in small-scale metal industry in Nepal". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, nr 10 (19.09.2014): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114001728.

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AbstractBackground:There has been no previous research to demonstrate the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in industry in Nepal. Limited research on occupational noise-induced hearing loss has been conducted within small-scale industry worldwide, despite it being a substantial and growing cause of deafness in the developing world.Method:The study involved a cross-sectional audiometric assessment, with questionnaire-based examinations of noise and occupational history, and workplace noise level assessment.Results:A total of 115 metal workers and 123 hotel workers (control subjects) were recruited. Noise-induced hearing loss prevalence was 30.4 per cent in metal workers and 4.1 per cent in hotel workers, with a significant odds ratio of 10.3. Except for age and time in occupation, none of the demographic factors were significant in predicting outcomes in regression analyses. When adjusted for this finding, and previous noise-exposed occupations, the odds ratio was 13.8. Workplace noise was significantly different between the groups, ranging from 65.3 to 84.7 dBA in metal worker sites, and from 51.4 to 68.6 dBA in the control sites.Conclusion:Metal workers appear to have a greater risk of noise-induced hearing loss than controls. Additional research on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in Nepal and small-scale industry globally is needed.

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Mamo, Sara K., Nicholas S. Reed, A. Richey Sharrett, Marilyn S. Albert, Josef Coresh, Thomas H. Mosley, David Knopman, Frank R. Lin i Jennifer A. Deal. "Relationship Between Domain-Specific Cognitive Function and Speech-in-Noise Performance in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Hearing Pilot Study". American Journal of Audiology 28, nr 4 (16.12.2019): 1006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_aja-19-00043.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between performance on a clinical speech-in-noise measure with a comprehensive neurocognitive battery of tests. Method A group of older adults ( N = 250, M age = 77 years, age range: 67.3–89.1 years) enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study took part in the hearing pilot study (2013) that included testing for audiometric thresholds and speech-in-noise performance (Quick Speech-in-Noise Test; Killion, Niquette, Gudmundsen, Revit, & Banerjee, 2004). This research study analyzed the associations between domain-specific cognitive function and speech-in-noise performance after adjusting for hearing thresholds and other demographic and cardiovascular factors. Results Multivariable-adjusted associations were found between all cognitive domains and speech-in-noise performance in the full sample, but the observed associations varied when participants with varying levels of moderate to moderately severe hearing loss were excluded from the analysis. Conclusions The findings are discussed in terms considering the cognitive status of older adults in relation to their speech-in-noise performance during audiological evaluation and implications for aural rehabilitation.

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Jiang, Kening, Adam Spira, Kelsie Full, Emmanuel Garcia, Frank Lin, Nicholas Reed, Pamela Lutsey i Jennifer Deal. "Associations of Habitual Sleep Duration and Sleep Stages With Speech-in-Noise Performance". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1.12.2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.131.

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Abstract Speech-in-noise performance involves central auditory and cortical processing and is fundamental to communication. We investigated cross-temporal associations of habitual sleep duration and stages (1996-1998) with speech-in-noise performance (2016-2017) in a subset of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participated in the Sleep Heart Health Study(N=755, 61±5 years, 53% female). Speech-in-noise performance was measured by Quick Speech-in-Noise Test; range:0-30; lower scores=worse performance. Time spent in each stage (stage 1;2;3/4;rapid eye movement (REM)) was measured by polysomnography. Habitual sleep duration was calculated by self-reported duration on weekdays and weekends. In models adjusting for demographic and disease covariates, every 10-minute increase in REM sleep was associated with better speech-in-noise performance (0.10 points,95% CI:0.00,0.21); every 1-hour increase in habitual sleep duration was associated with worse speech-in-noise performance (-1.28 points,95% CI:-2.49,-0.08) among participants sleep >8 hours. Long sleep duration might be a risk marker of speech-in-noise performance, but REM sleep might be a protective factor.

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Selçuk, Halit, Sevgi Özdinç, Menekşe Karahan, Ayşe Zeynep Yılmazer Kayatekin i Enis Uluçam. "Evaluation of vestibular functions and balance in Edirne Band musicians". Work 68, nr 2 (26.02.2021): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203382.

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BACKGROUND: It has been found that intense noise may affect the peripheral vestibular system and consequently causes problems in balance mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to chronic noise on vestibular functions and balance in Edirne Band musicians. METHODS: Twenty-two individuals working in the Edirne Band for at least 5 years and a control group of 22 individuals working at Trakya University with similar sociodemographic characteristics were included. The socio-demographic questionnaire was used to inquire about the demographic characteristics of individuals, the ABC Scale to assess how they felt about the balance, and the DHI to determine the quality of life related to dizziness. A 3D ultrasonic system was used to assess the static and dynamic balance of the individuals. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the band and the control group in terms of longitudinal deviation and self-spin parameters of the Unterberger test, dizziness handicap inventory scores, functional balance according to activity-specific balance confidence scale (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As a result of our study, it has been shown that the balance, quality of life and vestibular system functions are negatively affected in the band exposed to noise for a long time.

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Wienand, Karl, Erwin Frey i Mauro Mobilia. "Eco-evolutionary dynamics of a population with randomly switching carrying capacity". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, nr 145 (sierpień 2018): 20180343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0343.

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Environmental variability greatly influences the eco-evolutionary dynamics of a population, i.e. it affects how its size and composition evolve. Here, we study a well-mixed population of finite and fluctuating size whose growth is limited by a randomly switching carrying capacity. This models the environmental fluctuations between states of resources abundance and scarcity. The population consists of two strains, one growing slightly faster than the other, competing under two scenarios: one in which competition is solely for resources, and one in which the slow (cooperating) strain produces a public good (PG) that benefits also the fast (free-riding) strain. We investigate how the coupling of demographic and environmental (external) noise affects the population's eco-evolutionary dynamics. By analytical and computational means, we study the correlations between the population size and its composition, and discuss the social-dilemma-like ‘eco-evolutionary game’ characterizing the PG production. We determine in what conditions it is best to produce a PG; when cooperating is beneficial but outcompeted by free riding, and when the PG production is detrimental for cooperators. Within a linear noise approximation to populations of varying size, we also accurately analyse the coupled effects of demographic and environmental noise on the size distribution.

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Lechner, Christoph, David Schnaiter i Stephan Bose-O’Reilly. "Application of the noise annoyance equivalents model for aircraft, rail and road traffic noise to self-reported sleep disturbance". Acta Acustica 5 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2021005.

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Sleep disturbances caused by noise exposure are the most relevant outcome measured in disability adjusted life years (DALYs). In analogy to the combined effects of noise from multiple sources on annoyance, these are also of interest for sleep disorders. The study “Overall Noise Assessment” Innsbruck examined data from 1031 personal interviews. Aircraft, rail and road noise were correlated. To choose participants combined exposures were clustered into small, medium and severely affected living situations. The effect of demographic features, noise sensitivity, access to a silent façade and other factors on self-reported sleep disturbances was investigated applying bivariate analyses. Exposure-response curves and their 95% confidence intervals with cut-off values of 72% for “highly disturbed sleep” were generated and the results were discussed in comparison to recently published curves. Using source-specific exposure-response relationships, an overall model for evaluating sleep disorders was developed based on the “annoyance equivalents model”. The “total sleep disturbance response” shows an accumulative outcome for each source measured. A protective effect of road traffic noise as background noise for air and railroad sources could not be proven. Both the “Total Sleep Disruption Assessment Model” and the “Dominant Source Model” have a Spearman-Rho of 0.3 and are therefore suitable for use in noise assessment.

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Ajayi, Ayodeji Olusola, i Tola Adeleke. "SOUNDSCAPE MAPPING OF AGODI PARK AND GARDENS, IBADAN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA". Journal of Event, Tourism and Hospitality Studies 2 (23.12.2022): 150–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jeth2022.2.6.

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This study provides contextual evidence on recreational noise exposure in a typical Nigerian urban park. It investigated perceived sonic characteristics as well as the spatial noise variations across Agodi Park and Gardens in the city of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Integration of noise mapping and soundscape methods was used to understand the nature of noise being generated in this outdoor setting. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) was used to obtain data from nine major locations within the park. Using a non-probabilistic method of sampling, fifty respondents were selected incidentally to participate in this study. With the aid of an instrument consisting structured questionnaires and observation checklist, information on respondents’ demographic characteristics, their perceptions of the recreational noise, and desirability levels of soundscape in the park was obtained. Recreational noise data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Test of Difference (T-test) to investigate time-based variations in the level of noise (morning and evening periods). Although most respondents were oblivious of the noise exposure, findings show that the average sound level in the park was 77 dBA which exceeded the recommended noise limit of 60 dBA expected in recreational parks. The study recommends that soundscape characters should be considered in the design of future urban parks as they would go a long way in improving and enhancing the quality of perceived user’s comfort.

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Seguí, Lia, Adina Iftimi, Álvaro Briz-Redón, Lucía Martínez-Garay i Francisco Montes. "Noise Disturbances and Calls for Police Service in València (Spain): A Logistic Model with Spatial and Temporal Effects". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 16 (7.08.2019): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162815.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the presence of spatial and temporal effects on the calls for noise disturbance service reported to the Local Police of València (Spain) in the time period from 2014 to 2015, and investigate how some socio-demographic and environmental variables affect the noise phenomenon. The analysis is performed at the level of València’s boroughs. It has been carried out using a logistic model after dichotomization of the noise incidence variable. The spatial effects consider first- and second-order neighbors. The temporal effects are included in the model by means of one- and two-week temporal lags. Our model confirms the presence of strong spatio-temporal effects. We also find significant associations between noise incidence and specific age groups, socio-economic status, land uses, and recreational activities, among other variables. The results suggest that there is a problem of "social" noise in València that is not exclusively a consequence of coexistence between local residents. External factors such as the increasing number of people on the streets during weekend nights or during summer months severely increase the chances of expecting a noise incident.

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Zhang, Mengchao, Richard M. Stern, Deborah Moncrieff, Catherine Palmer i Christopher A. Brown. "Effect of Titrated Exposure to Non-Traumatic Noise on Unvoiced Speech Recognition in Human Listeners with Normal Audiological Profiles". Trends in Hearing 26 (styczeń 2022): 233121652211170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165221117081.

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Non-traumatic noise exposure has been shown in animal models to impact the processing of envelope cues. However, evidence in human studies has been conflicting, possibly because the measures have not been specifically parameterized based on listeners’ exposure profiles. The current study examined young dental-school students, whose exposure to high-frequency non-traumatic dental-drill noise during their course of study is systematic and precisely quantifiable. Twenty-five dental students and twenty-seven non-dental participants were recruited. The listeners were asked to recognize unvoiced sentences that were processed to contain only envelope cues useful for recognition and have been filtered to frequency regions inside or outside the dental noise spectrum. The sentences were presented either in quiet or in one of the noise maskers, including a steady-state noise, a 16-Hz or 32-Hz temporally modulated noise, or a spectrally modulated noise. The dental students showed no difference from the control group in demographic information, audiological screening outcomes, extended high-frequency thresholds, or unvoiced speech in quiet, but consistently performed more poorly for unvoiced speech recognition in modulated noise. The group difference in noise depended on the filtering conditions. The dental group's degraded performances were observed in temporally modulated noise for high-pass filtered condition only and in spectrally modulated noise for low-pass filtered condition only. The current findings provide the most direct evidence to date of a link between non-traumatic noise exposure and supra-threshold envelope processing issues in human listeners despite the normal audiological profiles.

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Huang, Yu-Kai, Uchechi A. Mitchell, Lorraine M. Conroy i Rachael M. Jones. "Community daytime noise pollution and socioeconomic differences in Chicago, IL". PLOS ONE 16, nr 8 (4.08.2021): e0254762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254762.

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Environmental noise may affect hearing and a variety of non-auditory disease processes. There is some evidence that, like other environmental hazards, noise may be differentially distributed across communities based on socioeconomic status. We aimed to a) predict daytime noise pollution levels and b) assess disparities in daytime noise exposure in Chicago, Illinois. We measured 5-minute daytime noise levels (Leq, 5-min) at 75 randomly selected sites in Chicago in March, 2019. Geographically-based variables thought to be associated with noise were obtained, and used to fit a noise land-use regression model to estimate the daytime environmental noise level at the centroid of the census blocks. Demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained from the City of Chicago for the 77 community areas, and associations with daytime noise levels were assessed using spatial autoregressive models. Mean sampled noise level (Leq, 5-min) was 60.6 dBA. The adjusted R2 and root mean square error of the noise land use regression model and the validation model were 0.60 and 4.67 dBA and 0.51 and 5.90 dBA, respectively. Nearly 75% of city blocks and 85% of city communities have predicted daytime noise level higher than 55 dBA. Of the socioeconomic variables explored, only community per capita income was associated with mean community predicted noise levels, and was highest for communities with incomes in the 2nd quartile. Both the noise measurements and land-use regression modeling demonstrate that Chicago has levels of environmental noise likely contributing to the total burden of environmental stressors. Noise is not uniformly distributed across Chicago; it is associated with proximity to roads and public transportation, and is higher among communities with mid-to-low incomes per capita, which highlights how socially and economically disadvantaged communities may be disproportionately impacted by this environmental exposure.

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Wolfe, Jace, Mickael Deroche, Sara Neumann, Lindsay Hanna, Will Towler, Caleb Wilson, Alexander G. Bien, Sharon Miller, Erin C. Schafer i Vincent Gracco. "Factors Associated with Speech-Recognition Performance in School-Aged Children with Cochlear Implants and Early Auditory-Verbal Intervention". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, nr 07 (lipiec 2021): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730413.

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Abstract Background Considerable variability exists in the speech recognition abilities achieved by children with cochlear implants (CIs) due to varying demographic and performance variables including language abilities. Purpose This article examines the factors associated with speech recognition performance of school-aged children with CIs who were grouped by language ability. Research Design This is a single-center cross-sectional study with repeated measures for subjects across two language groups. Study Sample Participants included two groups of school-aged children, ages 7 to 17 years, who received unilateral or bilateral CIs by 4 years of age. The High Language group (N = 26) had age-appropriate spoken-language abilities, and the Low Language group (N = 24) had delays in their spoken-language abilities. Data Collection and Analysis Group comparisons were conducted to examine the impact of demographic characteristics on word recognition in quiet and sentence recognition in quiet and noise. Results Speech recognition in quiet and noise was significantly poorer in the Low Language compared with the High Language group. Greater hours of implant use and better adherence to auditory-verbal (AV) therapy appointments were associated with higher speech recognition in quiet and noise. Conclusion To ensure maximal speech recognition in children with low-language outcomes, professionals should develop strategies to ensure that families support full-time CI use and have the means to consistently attend AV appointments.

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Sørensen, Mette, Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Thomas Münzel, Jesse Daniel Thacher, Matthias Ketzel, Jørgen Brandt, Jesper H. Christensen, Gregor Levin i Ole Raaschou-Nielsen. "Transportation noise and risk of stroke: a nationwide prospective cohort study covering Denmark". International Journal of Epidemiology 50, nr 4 (23.03.2021): 1147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab024.

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Abstract Background Studies on transportation noise and incident stroke are few and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate associations between road-traffic and railway noise and the risk of incident stroke in the entire Danish population. Methods We estimated road-traffic and railway noise (Lden) at the most and least exposed façades for all residential addresses across Denmark (2.8 million) for the period 1990–2017. Based on this, we estimated the 10-year time-weighted mean noise exposure for 3.6 million Danes aged >35 years, of whom 184 523 developed incident stroke during follow-up from 2000 to 2017. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional-hazards models, with adjustment for various individual- and area-level demographic and socio-economic covariates collected from registries and air pollution [fine particulate matter with particles with a diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)]. Results A 10-dB increase in the 10-year mean road-traffic noise at the most exposed façade was associated with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.05] for all strokes. For road-traffic noise at the least exposed façade, the IRR per 10 dB was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02–1.04) for all strokes. Railway noise was not associated with a higher risk of stroke. Conclusion Road-traffic noise increased the risk of stroke. These findings add to the evidence of road-traffic noise as a cardiovascular risk factor.

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Arbel-Goren, Rinat, Francesca Di Patti, Duccio Fanelli i Joel Stavans. "Noise–Seeded Developmental Pattern Formation in Filamentous Cyanobacteria". Life 8, nr 4 (9.11.2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8040058.

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Under nitrogen-poor conditions, multicellular cyanobacteria such as Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 undergo a process of differentiation, forming nearly regular, developmental patterns of individual nitrogen-fixing cells, called heterocysts, interspersed between intervals of vegetative cells that carry out photosynthesis. Developmental pattern formation is mediated by morphogen species that can act as activators and inhibitors, some of which can diffuse along filaments. We survey the limitations of the classical, deterministic Turing mechanism that has been often invoked to explain pattern formation in these systems, and then, focusing on a simpler system governed by birth-death processes, we illustrate pedagogically a recently proposed paradigm that provides a much more robust description of pattern formation: stochastic Turing patterns. We emphasize the essential role that cell-to-cell differences in molecular numbers—caused by inevitable fluctuations in gene expression—play, the so called demographic noise, in seeding the formation of stochastic Turing patterns over a much larger region of parameter space, compared to their deterministic counterparts.

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Aalmoes, Roalt, Marta Tojal Castro, Naomi Sieben i Rui Roosien. "Drone noise in my backyard: the challenges for public acceptability". INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, nr 3 (1.02.2023): 4987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0721.

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The introduction of drones in urban areas for surveillance, parcel delivery services, air taxis, or other services have raised the issue of public acceptability. How can this concept known as Urban Air Mobility (UAM) be successfully introduced in an area without upsetting communities? And how can not yet known benefits of these services be compared to feared drawbacks? Noise impact is already considered to be one of the main concerns for successful introduction of UAM, but focusing on noise levels exclusively may not be enough. Based on recent research on noise annoyance and how it affects individuals and communities, a holistic approach, including noise impact, as well as non-acoustical factors, is presented to address the annoyance towards these disruptive air vehicles. Subjective measures should be considered including demographic factors, as well as perceptional factors, such as the visual environment where these vehicles operate, and emotional factors such as attitude towards drones and air taxis. Using this approach, studies on noise impact of UAM will be able to evaluate the use cases in their intended setting and with the appropriate target communities to assess the true impact and define the real challenges to overcome for noise research in the coming decade.

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Ntlhakana, L., G. Nelson, K. Khoza-Shangase i I. Maposa. "Predicting standard threshold shifts for occupational hearing loss among miners at a large-scale platinum mine in South Africa". Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, nr 8 (13.10.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1318/2021.

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Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is associated with various risk factors in South African mines. We investigated the association between standard threshold shifts (STSs) and exposure to noise and platinum mine dust (PMD), using demographic data, five years of annual audiometry screening results, and noise and dust exposure data. Miners' age, sex, percentage hearing loss (PLH), and dust and noise exposure data were gathered, and a linear mixed effects regression model used to predict STS. Average occupational exposure levels to noise and dust were calculated from recorded measurements. A total of 12 692 records were analysed. Most miners were male (89.6%) and more than 50% were younger than 41 years. More than 70% were exposed to > 85 dBA noise and 58% were exposed to 1.5-2.99 mg/m3 PMD. Changes in hearing levels ranged from 8.3 dBHL at baseline (2014/2015) to 10 dBHL in 2016 (STS), with no changes thereafter. The model showed that the estimated effect on STS for males was 27% and 21% higher than for females, for the left and right ear, respectively The estimated effect of age, PLH, noise exposure and years of exposure on STS was < 10% for each variable. There was no statistically significant association between PMD and STS. The combined effects of age, sex, years of exposure to noise, and noise exposure levels, and strength of associations can be used to predict STS for this group of miners. Our findings may be used to measure the efficacy of the mine's hearing conservation programme.

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