Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Delayed releases

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Delayed releases”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 22 czerwca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Delayed releases":

Batson, William G., Iain J. Gordon, Donald B. Fletcher i Adrian D. Manning. "The effect of pre-release captivity on post-release performance in reintroduced eastern bettongs Bettongia gaimardi". Oryx 50, nr 4 (11.08.2015): 664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000496.

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AbstractReintroductions are used to re-establish populations of species within their indigenous range, but their outcomes are variable. A key decision when developing a reintroduction strategy is whether to include a temporary period of confinement prior to release. Pre-release confinement is primarily used for the purpose of quarantine or as a delayed-release tactic to influence the performance or behaviour of founders post-release. A common difference between these approaches is that quarantine tends to be conducted in ex situ captivity, whereas delayed releases tend to involve in situ confinement at the release site. Although these practices are commonly viewed independently, it may be possible for a single confinement period to be used for both purposes. We tested whether temporarily holding wild eastern bettongs Bettongia gaimardi in ex situ captivity for 95–345 days prior to release (delayed release) influenced their body mass, pouch occupancy or survival during the first 1.5 years post-release, compared to founders released without confinement (immediate release). Our results suggest that exposing founders to captivity did not alter their body mass or performance post-release, despite being heavier and having fewer pouch young when released. We conclude that, for this species, ex situ captivity does not represent a tactical opportunity to improve post-release performance but can be used for quarantine without affecting the probability of establishment.

Van der Kloot, W., i J. Molgo. "Facilitation and delayed release at about 0 degree C at the frog neuromuscular junction: effects of calcium chelators, calcium transport inhibitors, and okadaic acid". Journal of Neurophysiology 69, nr 3 (1.03.1993): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.3.717.

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1. We studied two-pulse facilitation and delayed release at 0 degree C, because at low temperature facilitation is enhanced and extended whereas delayed release is increased. Our major goal was to test, by a number of approaches, the residual Ca2+ hypothesis of facilitation and delayed release. 2. As we increased the interval between pulses from 30 to 100–200 ms facilitation declined steeply. As we lengthened the interval further facilitation declined more slowly. In our entire series facilitation was still seen at 700 ms, in some preparations facilitation was apparent at 2 s. 3. We measured delayed release in preparations in which excitation-contraction was uncoupled. The decline in the rate of delayed release following the endplate potential (EPP) is similar to the decay of facilitation, both at 0 and 22 degrees C. 4. When we replaced the Ca2+ in the Ringer by Sr2+, facilitation persisted for a longer time, there was significant facilitation 2 s after an EPP. Delayed release also continued longer; the time courses for the decline of facilitation and delayed release were very similar. 5. We measured delayed release after EPPs triggered by electrotonic depolarization in isotonic CaCl2 solution or in Ringer in which the Na+ was replaced by methylamine (these solutions also contained 3,4-diaminopyridine). The time course of delayed release was very similar to that in Ringer. 6. We found that delayed release also facilitated, in the sense that the number of delayed releases, and the rate at which they were released, increased markedly after a second or third closely spaced EPP. The facilitation of delayed release and of EPPs were quantitatively similar. 7. We soaked preparations for 2 h in 200 microM bis-(aminophenoxy) ethane-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA/AM), a cell permeable Ca2+ chelator. In about one-half of these preparations facilitation was clearly diminished, judging from the EPPs evoked by a series of four to five stimuli at 30-ms intervals. The summed results from those preparations in which facilitation was reduced at 30 ms showed that it was also reduced at longer intervals. There was a comparable shortening in delayed release. Facilitation was significantly reduced when we pretreated with ethylene glycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester (EGTA/AM), another cell-permeable Ca2+ chelator. 8. It has been reported that in BAPTA loaded preparations facilitation during trains of EPPs transiently reappears after exposure to the ionophore X-537A, which presumably elevates intracellular [Ca2+].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Chuhma, Nao, i Harunori Ohmori. "Role of Ca2+ in the Synchronization of Transmitter Release at Calyceal Synapses in the Auditory System of Rat". Journal of Neurophysiology 87, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00235.2001.

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The synchronization of transmitter release in the synapse of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is achieved during early postnatal development as a consequence of elimination of delayed asynchronous releases and appears to reflect changes in the dynamics of Ca2+ entry and clearance. To examine the role of Ca2+ in regulating synchronization of transmitter release in the mature synapse (after postnatal day 9, P9), we perturbed Ca2+ dynamics systematically. Replacement of external Ca2+ (2 mM) with Sr2+ induced delayed asynchronous release following the major EPSC. We tried to reproduce asynchronous releases without using Sr2+ and instead by manipulating the time course and the size of Ca2+ transient in the presynaptic terminal, under the assumption that replacement of external Na+ with Li+ or application of eosin-Y would prolong the lifetime of Ca2+ transient by reducing the rate of Ca2+ extrusion from the terminal. With application of Li+, Ca2+ transient in the terminal was prolonged, the EPSC decay time course was prolonged, and the EPSC amplitude increased. However, these EPSCs were not followed by delayed asynchronous release. When Ca2+ influx was reduced, either by partial Ca2+ channel blockade with a low concentration of Cd2+ or ω-agatoxin IVA, a marked asynchronous release resulted. This was further enhanced by the combined application of Li+ or eosin-Y. These results suggest that cooperative increases of both Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ clearance capacities leading to a sharper Ca2+ spike in the presynaptic terminal underlie synchronized transmitter release in the presynaptic terminal of the MNTB.

Vafaie, Erfan K., H. Brent Pemberton, Mengmeng Gu, David Kerns, Micky D. Eubanks i Kevin M. Heinz. "Adding a Natural Enemy to Respond to Pest Immigration and Delayed Natural Enemy Releases in Augmentative Biological Control". Environmental Entomology 50, nr 3 (2.04.2021): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab007.

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Abstract Whether increased natural enemy density or adding a second natural enemy species will provide superior pest suppression in greenhouse augmentative biological control is unknown for many commercially available natural enemy species. In this study, we use sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), on poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), to determine whether adding Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is better for B. tabaci suppression compared with either natural enemy alone, both with and without challenges with whitefly immigration or delayed natural enemy releases. The number of whiteflies on caged poinsettias treated with different natural enemy release rates (single or double rate), natural enemy species (one or two species), natural enemy delayed release (weeks 4 and 8), and whitefly immigration treatments (introduced at week 4 or week 8) was censused biweekly for 16 wk. Both species used in combination provided similar or better suppression of whiteflies compared with either natural enemy alone. Both species combined also provided superior suppression of whiteflies when challenged with whitefly immigration or delays in natural enemy releases compared with E. eremicus alone. Whitefly immigration or delays in E. eremicus releases did not increase whitefly populations, suggesting that suppression of whiteflies by E. eremicus alone is relatively robust. This study found no evidence for negative interactions between E. eremicus and A. swirskii for suppressing B. tabaci.

Eden, T. M., P. J. Gerard, J. J. Dymock i N. Ahmad. "Investigation into the delayed establishment of Microctonus aethiopoides in Northland". New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (1.08.2009): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4868.

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The Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides was released in New Zealand in 2006 to help control clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) Establishment was rapid at all release sites except in Northland where multiple releases appeared to fail until low numbers were recovered in 2008 It was hypothesised that because Northland at 35S is at sufficiently different latitude to the original collection sites near Belfast Ireland (5437N) there is a crossing of the critical photoperiod for diapause induction in the wasp larvae Replicated cage trials were undertaken to compare the prevalence of premature diapause in Northland with Waikato under natural daylength and simulated Far North midsummer photoperiod (1410 h light dark) with a 16 h photoperiod Results indicated that larval diapause inside the weevil may be initiated by the parent wasp as significantly more 1st instar larvae were present in weevils where wasps had been subjected to reducing daylength (16 h down to 14 h light) High mortality amongst singlylaid wasp larvae in the Northland summer and the absence of teratocytes usually associated with larvae indicates clover root weevil adults can defeat a singlylaid parasitoid These results may explain the reduced efficacy of the Irish wasp in Northland

Zamyadi, Arash, Katherine E. Greenstein, Caitlin M. Glover, Craig Adams, Erik Rosenfeldt i Eric C. Wert. "Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide and Copper Sulfate on the Delayed Release of Microcystin". Water 12, nr 4 (13.04.2020): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041105.

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Algicides, like hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate, are commonly applied to recreational waters and drinking water sources to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms. In this work, the effects of hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate were evaluated in two natural bloom samples (collected from Canadian and American waterbodies) and one lab-cultured Microcystis aeruginosa suspended in Colorado River water. Five algicide to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dose ratios were evaluated during an initial exposure period of 24 h. One dose ratio (0.4 H2O2:DOC or 0.25 CuSO4:DOC) was then evaluated during stagnation after quenching (hydrogen peroxide) or extended exposure (copper sulfate) for up to 96 or 168 h. During the initial hydrogen peroxide exposure, the CA bloom had no release of intracellular microcystins (MCs) and the USA bloom only released MC at 4 H2O2:DOC. The reverse occurred with copper sulfate, where the CA bloom released MCs at 0.6 CuSO4:DOC but the USA bloom had no detectable extracellular MCs. Extracellular MC was released from the lab-cultured Microcystis at the lowest hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate doses. In the hydrogen peroxide stagnation experiment, intracellular MC decreased in the USA bloom after 168 h despite the low dose applied. Similarly, the extended copper sulfate exposure led to intracellular MC decreases in both bloom samples after 168 h, despite showing no impact during the initial 24 h monitoring period. The lab-cultured Microcystis was again less resistant to both algicides, with releases observed after less than 2 h of stagnation or exposure. The damage to cells as measured by pigments during these experiments did not match the MC data, indicating that blooms with depressed pigment levels can still be a risk to nearby drinking water sources or recreational activities. These results provide insight on the timeline (up to one week) required for monitoring the potential release of MCs after algicide application.

Steelman, Samantha M., Travis W. Hein, Amy Gorman i Gregory J. Bix. "Effects of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein on Cerebral Blood Vessels". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 33, nr 9 (26.06.2013): 1373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.106.

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Delayed cerebral vasospasm is thought to be caused by factors released from a subarachnoid blood clot. Because vasospasm occurs several days after hemorrhage, we hypothesized that clotted blood releases vasoactive factors as it ages. Targeted proteomics identified histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) as a potentially vasoactive factor released within the first 72 hours of clot formation. In vitro studies revealed that HRG caused moderate (~30%) dilation of cannulated cerebral arterioles and proliferation of cerebrovascular endothelial cells. We conclude that HRG released from clotted blood, while unlikely to contribute to cerebral vasospasm, might provide important vasodilatory or angiogenic stimuli after hemorrhagic stroke.

Alderman, Stephen C., Darrin L. Walenta, Philip B. Hamm, Ruth C. Martin, Jeremiah Dung i Evsey Kosman. "Afternoon Ascospore Release in Claviceps purpurea Optimizes Perennial Ryegrass Infection". Plant Disease 99, nr 10 (październik 2015): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-14-0978-re.

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In Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Claviceps purpurea, the causal agent of ergot, typically releases ascospores during the early-morning hours, between about midnight and 10:00 a.m., corresponding to time of flowering, when the unfertilized ovaries are most susceptible to infection. During aeromycology studies of C. purpurea in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in northeastern Oregon during 2008 to 2010 and 2013, a strain of C. purpurea was found that released ascospores in the afternoon, coinciding with flowering in perennial ryegrass. Under controlled environmental conditions, sclerotia from perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass released spores in the afternoon and morning, respectively, consistent with timing of spore release under field conditions. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of single sclerotial isolates from Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass were consistent with C. purpurea, although minor variations in ITS sequences among isolates were noted. Differences between Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass isolates were observed in random amplified polymorphic DNA. Evidence is provided for adaptation of C. purpurea to perennial ryegrass by means of delayed spore release that coincides with afternoon flowering in perennial ryegrass.

Supawat, Likittanawong, i Leemakdej Arnat. "Market Reaction to Corporate Releases and News Articles: Evidence from Thailand’s Stock Market". International Journal of Financial Studies 11, nr 3 (6.09.2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11030111.

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Studies that quantify the price impact of the information in corporate press releases and news articles mainly focus on quantitative news, such as earnings announcements, dividends, and financial performance-related events, but leave out other corporate news events. Those that do so generally focus on one source of information and do not compare the price impacts from different information sources. Our study aimed to extend previous studies by quantifying and comparing market reactions to corporate press releases and news articles across different news categories. We classified and categorized 100,960 news items, encompassing 26,546 corporate press releases and 74,414 news articles, of 615 firms in the Stock Exchange of Thailand between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019. These news items were classified into categories based on the information contained in corporate press releases and news articles. We then studied the market reactions to these news categories. We found that the price impact from corporate releases is sustained for both positive and negative news categories. Our results also show that the positive price impact for news reported by the media tends to reverse, consistent with prior studies. In contrast, the negative price impact from news articles holds; this result differs from previous studies. Our data also show that managers tend to leak and recycle good news while the release of bad news is delayed.

Kampawong, H., W. Utto i R. Pruthtikul. "Effects of relative humidity on ethanol vapour releases from hydrophilic filmbased sachet in active food packaging". Food Research 5, nr 5 (19.09.2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(5).202.

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Active food package incorporating an ethanol vapour-controlled release sachet has been known for its efficacies to delay microbial proliferation in fresh fruit and vegetable. High humidity inside the package could be utilized as a stimulus for conditional releases as a means to stabilize the sachet prior to being used. The present research was undertaken to investigate the effects of relative humidity on ethanol vapour release from the hydrophilic film-based sachet. The prototype 4-side sealed sachets were made of either ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or laminated film comprising EVA and Nylon/PE (designated as ENP). A gas chromatogram equipped with a flame-ionized detector (FID-GC) was employed to analyze ethanol vapour concentration levels released from both sachet types and accumulated in headspaces of sealed glass beakers having different relative humidity (RH) levels. For a given RH level, the concentrations in the headspaces containing the ENPbased sachets were lower than those containing the EVA-based sachets. Delays of ethanol vapour release up to 24 h were observed in the ENP-based sachet system, whilst these did not occur among EVA-based sachets. Both sachets could release ethanol vapour with faster rates and subsequently higher concentrations accumulated at the very high relative humidity level (90-99% RH), compared to lower RH levels (60-89% RH). However, the release rates and concentration levels accumulated in 60-75% RH were not different from those in 80-89% RH. Extents of water vapour uptake by films were relatively small when the films were kept at the lower RH levels, but these became exponentially increased when the RH levels were ≥90%RH. Experimental data on water vapour uptakes were well predicted by an exponential model (R2 0.92-0.99; and root mean square of errors (RMSE) 0.004-0.054). Overall, experiment findings indicate that the ENP film caused delayed ethanol vapour releases from the sachet. The relative humidity levels had significant effects on the releases from hydrophilic film-based sachets

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Delayed releases":

Le, Fessant Elouan. "Etude expérimentale de la revaporisation de dépôt de produits de fission en cas d'accident grave". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR011.pdf.

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Afin d'améliorer la prédiction de possibles relâchements tardifs de radionucléides lors d'un accident grave d'un réacteur nucléaire, les phénomènes de remobilisation de dépôt de Produits de Fission (PF) dans le circuit primaire sont étudiés. Ces phénomènes induisent un changement d'état des PF ou une réactivité chimique contribuent à la formation d'espèces gazeuses ou d'aérosols en suspension dans le flux de gaz, contribuant aux rejets atmosphériques. Ce travail, dans le cadre du projet OCDE ESTER, se concentre sur la revaporisation du césium (Cs) et de l'iode (I) en tant que principaux contributeurs aux conséquences radiologiques d'un accident grave. De plus, le tellure (Te) qui peut être une source d'I par désintégration radioactive est également étudié. Pour ce faire, deux méthodologies complémentaires sont utilisées :- Des expérimentations de revaporisation visent à évaluer le taux de revaporisation de chaque élément étudié, d'identifier les espèces revaporisées et de caractériser les espèces solides restantes.- Des simulations à l'équilibre thermodynamique visent à définir les principales réactions de revaporisation et la spéciation des espèces transportées.Différents simulants de dépôts de PF dans le circuit primaire ont été considérés : CsI, CsOH, CdI2, H2TeO4 et TeO2. Grâce au dispositif expérimental ATMIRE couvrant une large gamme de températures (de 200 à 600 °C), une large gamme de pressions partielles d'air (de 4.5.10-4 à 0.5 atm) complétée par de la vapeur d'eau et des vapeurs de bore dans le gaz porteur, la revaporisation de source de Cs, I , et Te a été étudiée. Les échantillons ont été caractérisés grâce à la combinaison d'analyses chimiques et de surfaces telles que ICP-MS, l'XPS et le ToF-SIMS. Grâce à ces techniques, l'identification et la quantification des espèces gazeuses et solides formées tout au long des essais ont été possibles. Par la suite, les résultats expérimentaux ont été comparés aux calculs à l'équilibre thermodynamique pour confirmer les principales voies de revaporisation de chaque simulant de PF.Au-dessus de 400 °C, la revaporisation du CsI entraîne à la fois sa vaporisation et sa décomposition sous atmosphère air/vapeur. La décomposition de CsI conduit à la formation d'iode gazeux (HOI, I ou I2) et d'espèces Cs telles que CsOH et CsNO3 ainsi que Cs2CrO4 (en raison de l'interaction du Cs avec l'acier oxydé) ou CsBO2 (par interaction avec le bore dans l'atmosphère de revaporisation).Sous atmosphère vapeur/air, le CdI2 est totalement décomposé au-dessus de 200 °C, entraînant la formation d'I gazeux (principalement I2) et de Cd (tel que CdO ou Cd(OH)2).Enfin, à haute température (supérieure à 400 °C), H2TeO4 est réduit et déshydraté pour former TeO2 quelle que soit la proportion d'air dans l'atmosphère (de 4.5.10-4 atm à 1 atm). Pour TeO2, la revaporisation n'est pas influencée par la proportion d'air mais est fortement augmentée en présence de CsOH avec la formation d'espèces de type Cs-Te-O (tel que Cs2TeO3 ou Cs2TeO4)
In order to improve the prediction of possible delayed radioactive releases during a SA of a PWR, remobilization phenomena of Fission Product (FP) deposited in the Reactor Cooling System (RCS) have been investigated. These phenomena induce a modification of the FP state to gaseous species or aerosols suspended in the gas flow contributing to these delayed releases. This work, within the OECD ESTER project, is focusing on the revaporization of Cs and I as main contributors to radiological consequences. In addition, tellurium (Te) which may be a source of I by radioactive decay is also studied. To do so, two complementary methodologies are used:- Revaporization experiments aim at assessing the revaporization rate of each studied element, at identifying the revaporized species, and finally at characterizing the remaining solid species.- Thermodynamic simulations aim at defining the main revaporization reactions and the airborne species.Different simulants for FP deposits in the RCS were considered: CsI, CsOH, CdI2, H2TeO4 TeO2. Thanks to the ATMIRE experimental setup covering a large range of temperatures (from 200 to 600 °C), a large range of air partial pressures (from 4.5.10-4 to 0.5 atm) complemented by steam boron vapors in the carrier gas, revaporization behaviors of Cs, I, Cd and Te were characterized. The samples were characterized thanks to combined chemical and surface analyses such as ICP-MS, XPS, and ToF-SIMS. Thanks to these techniques, identification and quantification of both gaseous and solid species formed throughout the tests were possible. Then experimental results were compared to thermodynamic calculations to confirm the main revaporization paths of each FP simulant.Above 400 °C, the CsI revaporization result in both CsI vaporization and decomposition under an air/steam atmosphere. CsI decomposition leads to the formation of gaseous iodine (HOI, I, or I2) and Cs species such as CsOH and CsNO3 as well as Cs2CrO4 (due to Cs interaction with oxidized SS) or CsBO2 (by interaction with boron in the revaporization atmosphere).Under steam/air atmosphere, CdI2 is totally decomposed above 200 °C leading to the formation of gaseous I (mainly I2) and Cd (such as CdO or Cd(OH)2).Finally, at high temperatures (above 400 °C), H2TeO4 is reduced and dehydrated to form TeO2 whatever the proportion of air (from 4.5.10-4 atm to 1 atm). For TeO2, revaporization is not influenced by Pair but is strongly increased in presence of CsOH with the formation of Cs-Te-O species (such as Cs2TeO3 or Cs2TeO4)

Lee, Wang Wang. "Factors affecting drug release and absorption from a novel oral delayed release drug delivery system". Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269886.

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Wiedmann, Markus. "Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Delayed Release-Systemen in Abhängigkeit von Wirkstoffeigenschaften". Diss., lmu, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-3822.

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Soutar, Sonia Anne. "Novel approaches to both delay and enhance the onset of paracetamol induced analgesia". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366788.

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Riley, Stuart Anthony. "Studies of delayed-release mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413189.

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McConville, Jason Thomas. "Pulse-release drug delivery and development of the time-delayed capsule". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248923.

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Hodges, Lee Ann. "Formulation strategies in developing an oil-filled capsule for time-delayed release". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21564.

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A rational approach was adopted in the design of a novel controlled release system aimed at delivering hydrophobic drugs in a wholly time-dependent manner. A swellable, rupturable system in which hydrophobic drugs were solubilised in vegetable oils was proposed. Two main components of the system, the swelling agent low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (grade LH-21) and brittle outer coating of ethylcellulose (EC) were individually characterised. Upon contact with water, LH-21 swelled rapidly and to a great extent, exemplified by using simple apparatus to measure water uptake and swelling force. Mixing it with other excipients such as vegetable oils, surfactants and drugs tended to decrease LH-21 water uptake rate and subsequent force generation rate. Solution-cast EC films enabled thorough investigations into the mechanical integrity and physicochemical properties of the proposed outer coating of the capsule. Plasticisation decreased the strength while increasing the malleability of the film while increasing polymer content toughened the film and increased its elastic modulus. These findings were extrapolated to the construction of the dosage form in its two configurations. The first involved filling a hard gelatin capsule with a dispersion of LH-21 in corn oil and coating it with EC. In the second, a gelatin-based tablet separated LH-21 and corn oil. Burst release following a lag time was obtained with both configurations. In general, decreasing the LH-21 concentration and increasing the EC coating level prolonged the lag time. A limit of LH-21 concentration was identified below which more sustained release was observed indicating sufficient LH-21 was required to efficiently expel the capsule fill. Problems with leakage of the oil component were addressed in the hope of manufacturing reproducible dosage forms. Improvements to the construction process are essential if successful drug delivery is to be achieved.

Wu, Xue Shen. "Synthesis of hydrogel-liposome composites and their application to controlled release of active agents /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8081.

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Carlson, Paul Albin. "Lipid high-axial-ratio microstructures as pharmaceutical delivery systems : a physical characterization of the mechanisms behind drug release /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8111.

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Plummer, Bradley N. "Spontaneous Calcium Oscillations During Diastole in the Whole Heart: The Influence of Ryanodine Reception Function and Gap Junction Coupling". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291050320.

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Książki na temat "Delayed releases":

Chien, Yie W. Novel drug delivery systems. Wyd. 2. New York: M. Dekker, 1992.

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Technology, Intermediate. C.D.T. project: Delayed-release fishing float. Rugby: Intermediate Technology, 1987.

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Krówczyński, Leszek. Extended-release dosage forms. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1987.

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Duncan, R. Controlled release technologies: A survey of research and commercial applications. Oxford, U.K: Elsevier Advanced Technology, 1989.

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1944-, Rubinstein M. H., red. Pharmaceutical technology--controlled drug release. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1987.

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1957-, Rathbone Michael J., Hadgraft Jonathan 1950- i Roberts Michael S. 1949-, red. Modified-release drug delivery technology. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Wen, Hong, i Kinam Park. Oral controlled release formulation design and drug delivery: Theory to practice. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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W, Baker Richard. Controlled release of biologically active agents. New York: Wiley, 1987.

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Avraham, Yacobi, Halperin-Walega Eva i American Pharmaceutical Association, red. Oral sustained release formulations: Design and evaluation. New York: Pergamon Press, 1988.

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1964-, McCulloch Iain, Shalaby Shalaby W, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry. i American Chemical Society Meeting, red. Tailored polymeric materials for controlled delivery systems. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998.

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Części książek na temat "Delayed releases":

Nahler, Gerhard. "delayed release". W Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 49. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_369.

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Weik, Martin H. "release-time delay". W Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1462. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_15990.

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Hofer, Marvin, Sebastian Hellmann, Milan Dojchinovski i Johannes Frey. "The New DBpedia Release Cycle: Increasing Agility and Efficiency in Knowledge Extraction Workflows". W Semantic Systems. In the Era of Knowledge Graphs, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59833-4_1.

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Abstract Since its inception in 2007, DBpedia has been constantly releasing open data in RDF, extracted from various Wikimedia projects using a complex software system called the DBpedia Information Extraction Framework (DIEF). For the past 12 years, the software received a plethora of extensions by the community, which positively affected the size and data quality. Due to the increase in size and complexity, the release process was facing huge delays (from 12 to 17 months cycle), thus impacting the agility of the development. In this paper, we describe the new DBpedia release cycle including our innovative release workflow, which allows development teams (in particular those who publish large, open data) to implement agile, cost-efficient processes and scale up productivity. The DBpedia release workflow has been re-engineered, its new primary focus is on productivity and agility, to address the challenges of size and complexity. At the same time, quality is assured by implementing a comprehensive testing methodology. We run an experimental evaluation and argue that the implemented measures increase agility and allow for cost-effective quality-control and debugging and thus achieve a higher level of maintainability. As a result, DBpedia now publishes regular (i.e. monthly) releases with over 21 billion triples with minimal publishing effort .

Weik, Martin H. "transmitter release-time delay". W Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1829. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20051.

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Weik, Martin H. "receiver release-time delay". W Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1428. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_15641.

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Mueller, Karl F. "Release and Delayed Release of Water-Soluble Drugs from Polymer Beads with Low Water Swelling". W ACS Symposium Series, 139–57. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0348.ch011.

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Wang, Guanhua, i Mingyu Guo. "Public Project with Minimum Expected Release Delay". W PRICAI 2021: Trends in Artificial Intelligence, 101–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89188-6_8.

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Guo, Mingyu, Yong Yang i Muhammad Ali Babar. "Cost Sharing Security Information with Minimal Release Delay". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 177–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03098-8_11.

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Morton, Richard, i W. G. Vogt. "Estimation of Relative Trappabilities by Age and Development Delays of Released Blowflies". W Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations, 128–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3664-1_7.

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Kataoka, Kiyoshi, Akira Mitani, Fumito Kadoya, Yukio Yoneda, Kiyokazu Ogita i Riyo Enomoto. "Topographical Dissociation of Calcium Accumulation Following Hypoxic-Hypoglycemic Glutamate Release, NMDA Receptor Concentration and Delayed Neuronal Death in Gerbil Hippocampus". W The Role of Neurotransmitters in Brain Injury, 57–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3452-5_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Delayed releases":

Bokkers, Albert, Rasoul Nazari Moghaddam, Koos Aaldering, Cees Kooijman, Amin Ameri i Szymon Jankowski. "A Delayed In-Situ Generated Acid System to Enhance Carbonate Acidizing". W International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21997-ms.

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Abstract Conventional acidizing of high temperature reservoirs is currently facing different challenges including high corrosion rate, face dissolution, rapid and uncontrolled reaction and formation damage. In this study, a new in-situ generated acid system is introduced to address the shortcomings of the conventional acid systems. This paper presents an acidizing fluid with delayed acidification properties that can be tailored to different reservoir conditions. A new acidizing system based on sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid (SMCA) is developed and introduced to resolve the technical challenges that conventional acid systems usually fail to tackle appropriately. The hydrolysis rate (i.e., acidification rate) of SMCA, which brings the delayed properties to the acid system, was further optimized by addition of halogen salts. Furthermore, the dissolution capacities of the acid system were measured for different minerals using the main formulation as well as boosted acid by addition of an organic/inorganic acid. Also, the precipitation potentials of the by-products were also investigated after the acid was fully spent and cooled down. Several additives were tested to improve the solubility of the calcium salt. Finally, the performance of the acid system was investigated by performing several coreflooding experiments using Indiana limestone cores. The coreflood experiments were conducted at different injection rates and at various degrees of hydrolysis. From the hydrolyzation experiments, it is found that addition of 1 wt% sodium iodide increases the SMCA hydrolyzation rate with a factor 1.7. It proved that fast hydrolysis can even be obtained at lower temperatures. It was shown that the reaction products from the calcite dissolution are fully soluble and chelation is the main responsible mechanism. In addition, it was found that scale inhibitors made from polymaleic acids, polyacrylic acids and copolymers thereof can also efficiently prevent solid precipitation. It was shown that the addition of hydrochloric acid in the range between 0.5 and 5 wt% can increase the dissolution capacity by at least 30%. From the coreflooding results, it was found that the new acid system can efficiently stimulate the limestone formations with no face dissolution under varying conditions in terms of temperature and injection rate. The CT-scan images confirmed the favourable wormhole propagation characteristics of the new acid system. The new acid system introduced in this paper is an in-situ acid generator which releases an organic acid over time and as function of temperature allowing deeper penetration. The main ingredients in the acid system are solid which allow safe handling and onsite preparation for offshore applications.

Lawal, Tesleem, Hao Wang, Abouzar Mirzaei-Paiaman i Ryosuke Okuno. "Aqueous Nanobubble Dispersion of CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery – Coreflooding and Huff-n-Puff Experiments". W SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218179-ms.

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Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of aqueous nanobubble dispersion of carbon dioxide (CO2-NB) for enhanced oil recovery. CO2-NB was compared with brine and slightly supersaturated carbonated water (eCW) in corefloods with Berea sandstone cores and dead oil at room temperature. CO2-NB was also compared with a mixture of CO2 and brine with no NB in high-pressure high-temperature huff-n-puff experiments with live oil-saturated tight Kentucky sandstone cores using three different fracture-matrix configurations. Coreflooding results showed that the displacement of oil by CO2-NB yielded a delayed breakthrough, in which the oil recovery factor at breakthrough (RFBT) was 9.1% original-oil-in-place (OOIP) greater than RFBT in the brine case. The displacement of oil by eCW did not show such an increase in RFBT, but showed a long-term gradual increase in oil recovery after the breakthrough. The increased RFBT by CO2-NB can be attributed to the nucleation of a CO2-rich phase near the displacement fronts, where the metastable aqueous phase releases CO2 to the oleic phase while the nanobubbles of CO2 with capillary pressure release CO2 to the surrounding aqueous phase. That is, the partially miscible displacement of dead oil by the in-situ generated CO2-rich phase could have enhanced RFBT by CO2-NB in comparison to the immiscible oil displacement by water in the brine case. Huff-n-puff experimental results showed a systematic increase in oil recovery by using CO2-NB in comparison to CO2-brine (with no NB). In the CO2-NB case, the annular, artificial, and combination fractures had oil recoveries of 34%, 36%, and 39% OOIP, respectively. In the CO2-brine case, they were 245, 22%, and 28% OOIP, respectively.

Bokkers, Albert, Piter Brandenburg, Coert Van Lare, Cees Kooijman i Arjan Schutte. "A Matrix Acidizing System for Controlled Carbonate Well Stimulation using a Carboxylic Acid Salt with a Chelating Agent". W SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202083-ms.

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Abstract This work presents a matrix acidizing formulation which comprises a salt of monochloroacetic acid giving a delayed acidification and a chelating agent to prevent precipitation of a calcium salt. Results of dissolution capacity, core flood test and corrosion inhibition are presented and are compared to performance of 15 wt% emulsified HCl. Dissolution capacity tests were performed in a stirred reactor at atmospheric pressure using equimolar amounts of the crushed limestone and dolomites. Four different chelating agents were added to test the calcium ion sequestering power. Corrosion tests were executed using an autoclave reactor under nitrogen atmosphere at 10 barg. Core flood tests were performed to simulate carbonate matrix stimulation using limestone cores. It was found that the half-life time of the hydrolysis reaction is 77 min at a temperature of 100 °C. Sodium gluconate and the sodium salt of D-glucoheptonic acid were identified to successfully prevent the precipitation of the reaction product calcium glycolate at a temperature of 40 °C. Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the treated cores at optimum injection rate showed a single wormhole formed. At 150 °C an optimum injection rate of 1 ml/min was found which corresponds to a minimum PVBT of 6. In addition, no face dissolution was observed after coreflooding. Furthermore, the corrosion rates of different metallurgies (L80 and J55) were measured which are significantly less than data reported in literature for 15wt% emulsified HCl. The novelty of this formulation is that it slowly releases an organic acid in the well allowing deeper penetration in the formation and sodium gluconate prevents precipitation of the reaction product. The corrosivity of this formulation is relatively low saving maintenance costs to installations and pipe work. The active ingredient in the formulation is a solid, allowing onsite preparation of the acidizing fluid.

Watson, Walter Philip, Carl W. Aften i David J. Previs. "Delayed-Release Coatings for Oxidative Breakers". W SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/127895-ms.

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Parker, M. A., i S. B. Laramay. "Properties and Application of Delayed-Release Breakers". W SPE Mid-Continent Gas Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24300-ms.

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Soloiu, Valentin, Richard Collins Smith, Amanda Weaver, Lily Parker, Dillan Brock, Aidan Rowell i Marcel Ilie. "Combustion characteristics of F24 compared to Jet A in a Common Rail Direct Injection Research Compression Ignition Engine". W ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2022-91113.

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Abstract Research was conducted to determine combustion characteristics such as: ignition delay (ID), combustion delay (CD), combustion phasing (CA 50), combustion duration, derived cetane number (DCN) and ringing intensity (RI) of F24, for its compatibility in Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) compression ignition (CI) engine. The first part of this study is investigating the performance of Jet-A, F24, and ultra-low sulfur diesel #2 (ULSD) using a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) followed by experiments in a fired CRDI research engine. Investigations of the spray atomization and droplet size distribution of the neat fuels were conducted with a Malvern Mie scattering He-Ne laser. It was found that the average Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) for Jet-A and F24 are similar, with both fuels SMD droplet range between 25–29 micrometers. Meanwhile, ULSD was found to have a larger SMD particle size in the range of 34–40 micrometers. It was observed during the study, utilizing the CVCC, that the ID and CD for neat ULSD and Jet-A are nearly identical while the combustion of F24 is delayed. F24 was found to have longer durations of both ID and CD by approx. 0.5 ms. This results in a lower DCN for the fuel of 43.5, whereas ULSD and Jet-A have DCNs of 45 and 47 respectively. The peak AHRR for ULSD and Jet-A are nearly identical, whereas F24 has a peak magnitude of approx. 20% lower than ULSD and Jet-A. It was found that both aviation fuels had significantly fewer ringing events occurring after peak high temperature heat release (HTHR), a trend also observed in the CRDI research engine. Neat F24, Jet-A and ULSD were researched in the experimental engine at the same thermodynamic parameters: 5 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), 50°C (supercharged and EGR) inlet air temperature, 1500 RPM, start of injection (SOI) 16°BTDC, and 800 bar of fuel rail injection pressure as the baseline parameters in order to observe their ignition behavior, low temperature heat release, combustion phasing, and combustion duration. It was found that the ignition delay of F24 and Jet-A was greater than ULSD, approx. 5% for both aviation fuels. This ignition delay also affected the combustion phasing, or CA 50, of the aviation fuels. The CA 50 of the aviation fuels was delayed by approx. 2% compared to ULSD. Jet-A had a nearly identical combustion duration compared to ULSD, however F24 had an extended combustion duration which was approx. 3% longer than that of ULSD and Jet-A. It was discovered with the accumulations of these delays in ID, CD, CA50, that the RI of the aviation fuels were reduced. F24 was discovered to have more delays, and the RI correlates with these results having a 70% reduction in RI compared to ULSD.

Scrobohaci, M. L., L. Drouet, B. Baudin i A. Rodriguez. "DIFFERENTIAL CHANGESOF PLASMATIC MARKERS OF THE ENDOTHELIAL FOLLOWING dDAVP". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644134.

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Plasmatic levels of tissue plasminogen activation is commonly assumed to be of endothelial origin ; Angiotensin converting enzyme can be of endothelial or monocytic origin;Fibronectin is mostly from hepatic origin but endothelium can participate. Protein S is a newly recognized endothelial protein. Plasmatic von Willebrand factor is mostly from endothelial origin as the factor megakaryocytic origin is stored in platelet αd granules.dDAVP by indirect effect stimulates release of endothelial factors,13 patients with moderate von Willebrand disease were submitted to an infusion of 0.4 ug/kg dDAVP and were followed for four hours after infusion.Interstingly the kinetics of release of each of the studied factors is totally different.-Tissue plasminogen activator israpidly released and come back alsoquickly to its original level,- Release of von Willebrand factor is delayed comparatively to tPA and stayed for a longer time at increased level,- Angiotensin converting enzyme is not affected by dDAVP while its level is stimulated by veno-occlusion- Fibronectin and Protein S arenot significantly modified by dDAVPFrom these results mechanism of action of dDAVP cannot be hypothesized, but it seems evident that the release (and so the endothelial metabolism) of each of the studied factorsis different and not linked.

Narita, Fumio, Yasuhide Shindo i Mitsuru Hirama. "Delayed Fracture of the Piezoelectric Ceramics Under Electric Fields in Three-Point Bending". W ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41165.

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This paper investigates experimentally and analytically the delayed fracture in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics under electromechanical loading. Delayed fracture tests were conducted on single-edge precracked-beam specimens, and time-to-failure and fracture load under different DC electric fields were obtained. Possible mechanisms for delayed fracture were also discussed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of the fracture surface of the PZT ceramics. Further, a nonlinear finite element analysis was employed to calculate the energy release rate for the permeable, impermeable and open crack models, and the effects of applied DC electric fields and localized polarization switching on the energy release rate are examined.

Gant, F., G. Ghirardo, A. Cuquel i M. R. Bothien. "Delay Identification in Thermoacoustics". W ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58903.

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Abstract The stability of thermoacoustic systems is often regulated by the time delay between acoustic perturbations and corresponding heat release fluctuations. An accurate estimate of this value is of great importance in applications, since even small modifications can introduce significant changes in the system behavior Different studies show that the nonlinear delayed dynamics typical of these systems can be well captured with low-order models. In the present work, a method is introduced to estimate the most likely value of the time delay of a single thermoacoustic mode from a measured acoustic pressure signal. The mode of interest is modeled by an oscillator equation, with a nonlinear delayed forcing term modeling the deterministic flame contribution and an additive white Gaussian noise to embed the stochastic combustion noise. Additionally, other thermoacoustic relevant parameters are estimated. The model accounts for a flame gain, for a flame saturation coefficient, for a linear acoustic damping and for the background combustion noise intensity. The pressure data time series is statistically analyzed and the set of unknown parameters is identified. Validation is performed with respect to synthetically generated time series and low order model simulations, for which the underlying delay is known a priori. A discussion follows about the accuracy of the method, in particular a comparison with existing methods is drawn.

Matano, Atsushi, Hitoshi Nakamura, Visal Thay, Takehiko Tsubokawa i Takehiro Matsui. "Repair effect of externally bonded CFRP on propagation life of fatigue cracks initiated at in-plane welded gusset joints". W IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1188.

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<p>Focusing on fatigue cracks initiated at in-plane gusset welded joints, the delay in crack growth life due to externally bonded CFRP was experimentally verified. The results indicate that CFRP prevents the release of residual stress, subsequently delays crack growth in the compressive residual stress area.</p>

Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Delayed releases":

Sellers, Madison, T. Beames-Canivet, D. Kelly, E. Corcoran i John Goorley. Updated Delayed Neutron Counting Test Suite Comparisons from RMCC and MCNP6 Version 1 Release. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1148318.

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Zhang, Chen qi, Xueyang Bai, Yong Wan, Hongyan Li i Hongbin Sun. Efficacy, safety, and retention rate of extended-release divalproex versus conventional delayed-release divalproex: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0090.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to systematically examine and compare the efficacy, safety and retention rate of ER divalproex (VPA-ER) and conventional DR divalproex (VPA-DR) on patients with epilepsy. Condition being studied: To our knowledge, comparison and conversion studies about VPA-ER and conventional VPA-DR are lacked. Small-sample studies analyzing the safety and efficacy of VPA-ER in different populations remain controversial. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the safety, efficacy and retention rate of VPA-ER and VPA-DR by meta-analysis.

Hedrick, Jacob, i Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-14201-R02 Variable NG Composition Effects in LB 2S Compressor Engines Phase I Engine Response. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), sierpień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010997.

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This is the final report summarizing work completed during the first phase of the PRCI study on large bore two stroke lean burn integral compressor engine response to variable natural gas compositions for the purposes of engine control development. Accomplished tasks include the completion of a detailed literature review covering the research topic, a parametric study of laminar flame speeds and ignition delays for binary methane and ethane mixtures up to 30%, and a GT-Power engine model of the Colorado State GMV-4 research engine with associated validation data from CSU�s variable ethane effects study. The chemistry of the combustion reaction is crucial to accurate modeling; laminar flame speeds and ignition delays as function of composition were determined from the solutions to published chemical kinetics mechanisms GRI-Mech3.0 and Saudi Aramco Mech1.3, respectively. The Wiebe coefficients correlated to variations in ethane composition and spark timing were regressed from the crank angle resolved heat release rates. The Wiebe coefficients are the most significant achievement of this phase of the project, since they quantify the heat release as a function of composition. At this time, the Wiebe parameters only reflect the relative changes in the model since certain aspect of the models geometry are pending resolution. Future phases of the project could use the developed GT-Power model and Wiebe coefficients for development of control schemes that maintain emissions, speed and torque limits, and maximize thermal efficiency during a variable fuel composition event.

Mukungu, Andrew, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn i Kari L. Clase. Evaluating and Understanding the Reason for an Increase in Nonconformances in the Laboratory. Purdue University, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317430.

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This is a study of nonconformances experienced by a laboratory of a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in East Africa. There has been an increase in nonconformances from 216 nonconformances in 2017 to 229 in 2018 and by September 2019, 306 nonconformances were already logged. Increasing nonconformances result in delayed release of tested materials and many resources are wasted (e.g. chemicals, man hours and equipment). Analysts become frustrated, which may result in inexhaustive investigations. Understanding the reason for the increase in nonconformances will enable the facility to derive effective solutions to the identified causes, hence reducing the number of nonconformances and improving the productivity and morale of employees. This quantitative, nonexperimental, longitudinal survey study was intended to evaluate and understand the reason for increasing nonconformances. Trends of the nonconformances, previous investigations, procedure for investigation and the training given to analysts have been reviewed. Laboratory incidences were the most recurring nonconformances; and these were mainly caused by analyst errors. Corrective and Preventive Actions (CAPAs) were derived by cross functional teams whenever root causes were identified. Procedure for investigation of nonconformances refers to investigative tools. Identification of root causes to nonconformances recently became mandatory. Analysts have limited advanced industrial training on investigation of nonconformances. Another study should be carried out to understand the cause of analyst errors. The study can be rolled out to other departments at the manufacturing facility to create similar improvements. Analysts should enroll into advanced courses of industrial pharmacy to gain advanced industrial skills which they can apply in investigations to find root causes to nonconformances.

Brink, Malia, Pamela Metzger i Jiacheng Yu. How to Solve the Initial Appearance Crisis. SMU Dedman School of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/dc.11.

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Across the United States, people are arrested and held behind bars for days, weeks, and sometimes even months, without ever seeing a judge or attorney. These delays violate the United States Constitution’s promise that an arrested person—who is innocent unless proven guilty—will have prompt access to the courts, the assistance of counsel, and a fair and speedy trial. These due process milestones begin at initial appearance: the first time an arrested person sees a judge about their case. At an initial appearance, the judge should inform an arrested person of the charges against them. The judge should also make an informed decision about whether, and under what conditions, to release a person from jail pending trial. The judge should hold this initial appearance promptly after arrest, and an attorney should advocate for the arrested person. Too often, none of these things happen. This policy brief outlines five best legal practices for jurisdictions to honor the United States Constitution and protect the rights of all arrested people. In addition to detailing each best practice, the publication outlines strategies for success that jurisdictions can use when implementing these vital policies.

Koop, Gary, Stuart McIntyre, James Mitchell, Aubrey Poon i Ping Wu. Incorporating short data into large mixed-frequency VARs for regional nowcasting. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202309.

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Interest in regional economic issues coupled with advances in administrative data is driving the creation of new regional economic data. Many of these data series could be useful for nowcasting regional economic activity, but they suffer from a short (albeit constantly expanding) time series which makes incorporating them into nowcasting models problematic. Regional nowcasting is already challenging because the release delay on regional data tends to be greater than that at the national level, and "short" data imply a "ragged edge" at both the beginning and the end of regional data sets, which adds a further complication. In this paper, via an application to the UK, we develop methods to include a wide range of short data into a regional mixed-frequency VAR model. These short data include hitherto unexploited regional VAT turnover data. We address the problem of the ragged edge at both the beginning and end of our sample by estimating regional factors using different missing data algorithms that we then incorporate into our mixed-frequency VAR model. We find that nowcasts of regional output growth are generally improved when we condition them on the factors, but only when the regional nowcasts are produced before the national (UK-wide) output growth data are published.

Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Erik Fridell, Jaakko Kukkonen, Jana Moldanova, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Achilleas Grigoriadis, Maria Moustaka i in. Environmental impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea area. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361898.

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Description: Shipping is responsible for a range of different pressures affecting air quality, climate, and the marine environment. Most social and economic analyses of shipping have focused on air pollution assessment and how shipping may impact climate change and human health. This risks that policies may be biased towards air pollution and climate change, whilst impacts on the marine environment are not as well known. One example is the sulfur regulation introduced in January 2020, which requires shipowners to use a compliant fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% (0.1% in SECA regions) or use alternative compliance options (Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, EGCS) that are effective in reducing sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions to the atmosphere. The EGCS cleaning process results in large volumes of discharged water that includes a wide range of contaminants. Although regulations target SOx removal, other pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and combustion particles are removed from the exhaust to the wash water and subsequently discharged to the marine environment. Based on dilution series of the Whole Effluent Testing (WET), the impact of the EGCS effluent on marine invertebrate species and on phytoplankton was found to vary between taxonomic groups, and between different stages of the invertebrate life cycle. Invertebrates were more affected than phytoplankton, and the most sensitive endpoint detected in the present project was the fertilisation of sea urchin eggs, which were negatively affected at a sample dilution of 1 : 1,000,000. Dilutions of 1: 100,000 were harmful to early development of several of the tested species, including mussels, polychaetes, and crustaceans. The observed effects at these low concentrations of EGCS effluent were reduced egg production, and deformations and abnormal development of the larvae of the species. The ecotoxicological data produced in the EMERGE project were used to derive Predicted No Effect Concentration values. Corresponding modelling studies revealed that the EGCS effluent can be considered as a single entity for 2-10 days from the time of discharge, depending on the environmental conditions like sea currents, winds, and temperature. Area 10-30 km outside the shipping lanes will be prone to contaminant concentrations corresponding to 1 : 1,000,000 dilution which was deemed harmful for most sensitive endpoints of WET experiments. Studies for the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea) revealed that the EGCS effluent dilution rate exceeded the 1 : 1,000,000 ratio 70% of the time at a distance of about 10 km from the port. This was also observed for 15% of the time within a band of 10 km wide along the shipping lane extending 500 km away from the port of Piraeus. When mortality of adult specimens of one of the species (copepod Acartia tonsa) was used as an endpoint it was found to be 3-4 orders of magnitude less sensitive to EGCS effluent than early life stage endpoints like fertilisation of eggs and larval development. Mortality of Acartia tonsa is commonly used in standard protocols for ecotoxicological studies, but our data hence shows that it seriously underestimates the ecologically relevant toxicity of the effluent. The same is true for two other commonly used and recommended endpoints, phytoplankton growth and inhibition of bioluminescence in marine bacteria. Significant toxic effects were reached only after addition of 20-40% effluent. A marine environmental risk assessment was performed for the Öresund region for baseline year 2018, where Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs) of open loop effluent discharge water were compared to the PNEC value. The results showed modelled concentrations of open loop effluent in large areas to be two to three orders of magnitude higher than the derived PNEC value, yielding a Risk Characterisation Ratio of 500-5000, which indicates significant environmental risk. Further, it should be noted that between 2018-2022 the number of EGCS vessels more than quadrupled in the area from 178 to 781. In this work, the EGCS discharges of the fleet in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, the English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea area were studied in detail. The assessments of impacts described in this document were performed using a baseline year 2018 and future scenarios. These were made for the year 2050, based on different projections of transport volumes, also considering the fuel efficiency requirements and ship size developments. From the eight scenarios developed, two extremes were chosen for impact studies which illustrate the differences between a very high EGCS usage and a future without the need for EGCS while still compliant to IMO initial GHG strategy. The scenario without EGCS leads to 50% reduction of GHG emissions using low sulfur fuels, LNG, and methanol. For the high EGCS adoption scenario in 2050, about a third of the fleet sailing the studied sea areas would use EGCS and effluent discharge volumes would be increased tenfold for the Baltic Sea and hundredfold for the Mediterranean Sea when compared to 2018 baseline discharges. Some of the tested species, mainly the copepods, have a central position in pelagic food webs as they feed on phytoplankton and are themselves the main staple food for most fish larvae and for some species of adult fish, e.g., herring. The direct effect of the EGSE on invertebrates will therefore have an important indirect effect on the fish feeding on them. Effects are greatest in and near shipping lanes. Many important shipping lanes run close to shore and archipelago areas, and this also puts the sensitive shallow water coastal ecosystems at risk. It should be noted that no studies on sub-lethal effects of early 19 life stages in fish were included in the EMERGE project, nor are there any available data on this in the scientific literature. The direct toxic effects on fish at the expected concentrations of EGCS effluent are therefore largely unknown. According to the regional modelling studies, some of the contaminants will end up in sediments along the coastlines and archipelagos. The documentation of the complex chemical composition of EGCS effluent is in sharp contrast to the present legislation on threshold levels for content in EGCS effluent discharged from ships, which includes but a few PAHs, pH, and turbidity. Traditional assessments of PAHs in environmental and marine samples focus only on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) list of 16 priority PAHs, which includes only parent PAHs. Considering the complex PAHs assemblages and the importance of other related compounds, it is important to extend the EPA list to include alkyl-PAHs to obtain a representative monitoring of EGCS effluent and to assess the impact of its discharges into the marine environment. An economic evaluation of the installation and operational costs of EGCS was conducted noting the historical fuel price differences of high and low sulfur fuels. Equipment types, installation dates and annual fuel consumption from global simulations indicated that 51% of the global EGCS fleet had already reached break-even by the end of 2022, resulting in a summarised profit of 4.7 billion €2019. Within five years after the initial installation, more than 95% of the ships with open loop EGCS reach break-even. The pollutant loads from shipping come both through atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. This underlines the need of minimising the release of contaminants by using fuels which reduce the air emissions of harmful components without creating new pollution loads through discharges. Continued use of EGCS and high sulfur fossil fuels will delay the transition to more sustainable options. The investments made on EGCS enable ships to continue using fossil fuels instead of transitioning away from them as soon as possible as agreed in the 2023 Dubai Climate Change conference. Continued carriage of residual fuels also increases the risk of dire environmental consequences whenever accidental releases of oil to the sea occur.

Effect of Spark Discharge Duration and Timing on the Combustion Initiation in a Lean Burn SI Engine. SAE International, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0478.

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Meeting the increasingly stringent emission and fuel efficiency standards is the primary objective of the automotive research. Lean/diluted combustion is a promising avenue to realize high-efficiency combustion and reduce emissions in SI engines. Under the diluted conditions, the flame propagation speed is reduced because of the reduced charge reactivity. Enhancing the in-cylinder charge motion and turbulence, and thereby increasing the flame speed, is a possible way to harness the combustion process in SI engines. However, the charge motion can have a significant effect on the spark ignition process because of the reduced discharge duration and frequent restrikes. A longer discharge duration can aid in the formation of the self-sustained flame kernel and subsequent stable ignition. Therefore, an empirical study is undertaken to investigate the effect of the discharge duration and ignition timing on the ignition and early combustion in a port fueled SI engine, operated under lean conditions. The discharge duration is modulated from 1 ms to 8 ms through a continuous discharge strategy. The discharge current and voltage measurements are recorded during the engine operation to characterize the discharge process. The in-cylinder charge is diluted using fresh air to achieve lean combustion. The in-cylinder pressure measurement and heat release analysis are used to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of the engine. Preliminary results indicate that while the discharge duration has a marginal effect on the ignition delay, cyclic variations are notably impacted.