Rozprawy doktorskie: „Decision-making processes”

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Palau, Ortin David. "Dynamics of cellular decision making processes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396084.

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Cells, either as unicellular organisms or as part of a tissue of a multicellular organism, can acquire different functions thanks to their capability of changing their expression state. The enzyme synthesis, cell division or cell differentiation are some examples of these functions. The turning on and off of them lie in the mechanisms by which cells are able to integrate the information they perceive from the environment. Frequently, cells exhibit different responses under the same stimulus or environment. These probabilistic processes, whose behaviours are not univocal, are known as "cellular decision making". We can classify these processes according to the range at which the decision is made. We denominate cell-autonomous decision those in which of each cell chooses its response independently of the choice of the other cells of the population. By contrast, if the decision is made collectively by the whole population, it is classified as non autonomous. This second type of decisions involve mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication that mediate in the choices the cells and so, some spatial distributions of the different cell states can arise. The capability of cellular decision making processes of performing a variety of responses under a same signal is given by the multistability and the stochasticity of their dynamics. While multistability is underlain by the nonlinear interactions of the elements involved in genetic regulation, stochasticity arises from the discrete nature of biochemical reactions and the thermal fluctuations of the cellular environment. These two characteristics motivate the study of these processes from Systems Dynamics the point of view, by identifying cell states with system attractors. This Thesis focuses on the study of the general dynamical mechanisms that control cellular decision making processes. The main goal is to connect the properties of the decision with the relevant dynamical behaviour of the system while it is being made. We have analysed the properties of cellular decisions in two systems: a system with cell-autonomous dynamics, where cells choose their state regardless the choice of the others; and a system where the decision is made jointly by all the tissue. In this second system, cells interact through a cell-to-cell communication that takes place at first neighbours. From these interactions, different pattern solutions arise, where different different cell types are spatially distributed along the tissue. Finally, it has been analysed the role that a specific choice, whose probability value is well known, plays in the functionality of an organism. The chosen system to study these consequences has been a process of differentiation that the parasite that causes malaria in humans performs.
Cada célula, ya se como organismo unicelular o formando parte de un organismo multicelular, tiene que desarrollar distintas funciones a lo largo de su vida. Algunos ejemplos de estas funciones son tales como la síntesis de encimas, dividirse o diferenciarse en otro tipo celular. La activación y desactivación de muchas de estas funciones está sujeta a la integración de la información que la célula percibe de su entorno. A menudo, las células exhiben respuestas distintas bajo un mismo estímulo o bajo unas mismas condiciones del entorno. Estos procesos probabilísticos son conocidos como "toma de decisiones celulares". Estos eventos celulares se puede desarrollar de forma autónoma por cada célula, o de forma colectiva por toda una población o tejido. En este segundo caso, se requiere de algún mecanismo que medie en la comunicación entre células. Esta capacidad de estos sistemas de producir una variedad de respuestas es otorgada por la multiestabilidad y estocasticidad de sus dinámicas. Estas características motivan el estudio de estos procesos desde la perspectiva de la Dinámica de Sistemas, identificando los estados celulares a los atractores del sistema. Esta Tesis se centra en el estudio de los mecanismos dinámicos genéricos que controlan la toma de decisiones celulares. Se ha caracterizado la conexión entre las propiedades de una decisión y el mecanismo subyacente que la genera. Dos tipos decisiones autónomas han sido analizadas de acuerdo a esta perspectiva. También se ha estudiado los mecanismos dinámicos que llevan a la selección de un patrón espacial concreto en un escenario de decisión no autónoma, en el que las células interactúan entre sí a primeros vecinos mediante una inhibición lateral. Estas decisiones han revelado como la simetría especial de la señal inductora de las mismas afecta a la solución final alcanzada por el tejido. Finalmente, se ha analizado el papel que la probabilidad de una decisión concreta y bien conocida puede desarrollar en la viabilidad del organismo implicado. El sistema de estudio escogido ha sido un proceso de diferenciación que lleva a cabo el parásito responsable de causar la malaria en humanos.

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Tonelli, Marcello. "Unstructured strategic decision-making processes : CRE decision-making in the Italian consulting industry". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30408/1/Marcello_Tonelli_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis aims at developing a better understanding of unstructured strategic decision making processes and the conditions for achieving successful decision outcomes. Specifically it focuses on the processes used to make CRE (Corporate Real Estate) decisions. The starting point for this thesis is that our knowledge of such processes is incomplete. A comprehensive study of the most recent CRE literature together with Behavioural Organization Theory has provided a research framework for the exploration of CRE recommended =best practice‘, and of how organizational variables impact on and shape these practices. To reveal the fundamental differences between CRE decision-making in practice and the prescriptive =best practice‘ advocated in the CRE literature, a study of seven Italian management consulting firms was undertaken addressing the aspects of content and process of decisions. This thesis makes its primary contribution by identifying the importance and difficulty of finding the right balance between problem complexity, process richness and cohesion to ensure a decision-making process that is sufficiently rich and yet quick enough to deliver a prompt outcome. While doing so, this research also provides more empirical evidence to some of the most established theories of decision-making while reinterpreting their mono-dimensional arguments in a multi-dimensional model of successful decision-making.

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Gore, Julie. "Exploring hospitality managers' decision making processes". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363569.

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Werbelow, Cora. "Connectedness between strategic decision making processes". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49213/.

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Strategic decision making is fundamental since strategic decisions affect the long-term health of the organization. Strategy process research to date has been mainly concerned with characterising and explaining the nature of individual strategic decision making processes. A number of researchers are calling for more research on the potential connectedness between strategic decisions. In response, this thesis contributes to the strategic decision making literature by investigating the connectedness between strategic decision making processes. It focuses on precursive connections and tracks decisions backwards and forwards to identify potential connections. Both researchers and practitioners believe that the success and failure of prior decisions affect subsequent decisions. Hence, this research investigates decision performance as a potential influence on connectedness. The research is qualitative and a multiple embedded case study approach was chosen, examining decision making processes in two organizations in the UK. Data collection consisted mainly of in-depth interviews with executives and senior management but also included archival data. Main findings indicate that decision makers tend to transfer their knowledge and experience from one decision process to the next and thereby create a connection between strategic decisions. The connections can be characterised in terms of exploration and exploitation tendencies. Positive perceptions about a decision’s performance are related to the exploitation of existing practices, while negative perceptions prompt an exploration of new routines. The findings also show that informants’ perceptions about decision performance are highly subjective. The concept of cognitive decision styles provides plausible explanations arguing that individuals hold personal preferences when it comes to judging and perceiving information and their evaluations of strategic decisions cohere with these. Finally, this research suggests that decisions are linked primarily through individual agency. This reinforces the importance of the individual in strategic decision making processes, and consequently, the emphasis in this work is to argue that only by a deep understanding of individual action (and practice) is it possible to understand decision processes.

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Piech, Richard M. "Motivational modulation of decision making processes". Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518690.

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Rao, Vikram Mohan. "Investigation of Decision Processes in Chemical Substitution Decision Making". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28261055.

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In recent years, new regulatory guidance has spurred organizations to replace hazardous chemicals with safer alternatives. The factors and influences that shape decisions to transition to safer chemicals are of interest to decision scientists. Previous studies have examined the role that various factors, such as regulation, health impacts, and environmental impacts, have played in shaping such decisions. However, two key research gaps have been identified. First, existing semi-quantitative-based studies do not adequately capture the complexity of decision-making. Second, no in-depth qualitative study of a current substitution process, elucidating decision-making mechanisms at various stages of the design process, has yet been performed. The current research addresses these gaps. The first component of the study is an extensive survey of product and chemical manufacturers to elicit potential tradeoffs concerning final product design and redesign decisions. Such tradeoffs are characterized by a set of six factors affecting product design, which are further disaggregated into thirty-three attributes distributed across these factors. Statistical methods including Bayesian Dirichlet modeling and Principal Component Analysis were used to show: 1) two factors were statistically significantly different than other factors, 2) how features such as company size and time of decision affected factor weighting, and 3) that nine principal components explain 79% of the variance in the attribute scores. The second component of the study was a phenomenological assessment of a current substitution process: replacement of cadmium with Zn-Ni for aircraft components, undertaken by the U.S. Navy and Air Force. This study synthesized existing research in cognition, decision-making, and knowledge management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants representing engineering, environmental, safety, and management disciplines. Qualitative analysis was used to identify and characterize the underlying mechanisms guiding the decision process, including external/internal influences, organizational structure and inertia, and innovative team problem solving. The results from this research contribute to theoretical knowledge in decision-making and cognition, as well as practical knowledge for organizations and policymakers. The broader implications of this research study include a realization that decision tradeoffs vary based on decision contexts, indicating that sector-specific future policy and guidance efforts are needed.

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Crow, Janis J. "Examining cognitive processes of unstructured decision making". Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/250.

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Wang, Xueying. "Mechanisms of Simple Perceptual Decision Making Processes". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249662470.

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Forster, Emma. "Migration decision-making processes : an empirical investigation". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2000. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3711.

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This thesis has two purposes. The first is to investigate the motivation for household migration - in particular, the associations between the different reasons for moving and the characteristics of owner-occupier movers in Scotland, their houses and the distances they travel. The second is to investigate the extent to which the migration decision is a longitudinal one, and from this longitudinal analysis to highlight the extent of latent migration. Little longitudinal research has previously been carried out on the migration decision. The thesis uses two recent, large-scale and under-utilised data sources to investigate each of these issues. Firstly, the associations with motivations for migration are investigated using the 'Migration and Housing Choice Survey' (MHCS) which contains information from 10,010 households. The advantage of this cross-sectional source lies in its provision of detailed information on motivations at a national level of coverage. The large-scale, national coverage makes it possible to investigate many types of migration flow. This advantage is not shared by any other British research into motivations for migration and only three other data sets elsewhere. Secondly, the extent to which the decision to n-iigrate is part of an on-going process is investigated using the 'British Household Panel Survey' (BBPS). This new and under-exploited source of migration data contains longitudinal information from 10,264 individuals in the first wave and holds approximately this sample size through each of the following four waves. This thesis makes four key contributions to knowledge. The first three are based on the detailed and systematic analysis of the reasons for residential migration behaviour of owner-occupiersin Scotland,u sing the MHCS. Firstly, the reasonsf or moving, as suggestedb y previously small-scaler esearch,h ave been confirmed by this large-scale data set. Secondly, this thesis has extended - and in some cases refuted - the findings of previous researchb y investigatingt he bivariate associationsb etween each of the reasons for moving and each possible explanatory variables (these being characteristicso f migrants, of their home and of the distancest hey move). This has been investigated using much wider selection of reasons for moving and of characteristicsth an hasb eenp reviouslyd one. Thirdly, this thesish as shown that lifecycle stage exerts a considerable amount of influence on the reasons given for moving, whilst still operating in conjunction with other variables, such as distance moved and housing features. The MIHCS can, for the first time, enable research into the connection between the factors influencing migration flows and the factors influencing motivations for migration. Fourthly, this thesis has investigated how migration decisions and preference for migration relate over time, using longitudinal data (the BHPS). This has shown that a considerable amount of latent mobility is present in Britain, and even more importantly, has identified the characteristics of the latent migrants and frequent movers. In addition, this thesis has offered some methodological pointers for future migration research. Overall, the use of these two important but under-utilised data sets, the MECS and the BBPS, have enabled analyses to be undertaken that are unique in the history of nýgration research. V

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Shamoun, Sanny. "Post-decision Processes : Consolidation and value conflicts in decision making". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169.

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The studies in the present thesis focus on post-decision processes using the theoretical framework of Differentiation and Consolidation Theory. This thesis consists of three studies. In all these studies, pre-decision evaluations are compared with post-decision evaluations in order to explore differences in evaluations of decision alternatives before and after a decision. The main aim of the studies was to describe and gain a clearer and better understanding of how people re-evaluate information, following a decision for which they have experienced the decision and outcome. The studies examine how the attractiveness evaluations of important attributes are restructured from the pre-decision to the post-decision phase; particularly restructuring processes of value conflicts. Value conflict attributes are those in which information speaks against the chosen alternative in a decision. The first study investigates an important real-life decision and illustrates different post-decision (consolidation) processes following the decision. The second study tests whether decisions with value conflicts follow the same consolidation (post-decision restructuring) processes when the conflict is controlled experimentally, as in earlier studies of less controlled real-life decisions. The third study investigates consolidation and value conflicts in decisions in which the consequences are controlled and of different magnitudes.

The studies in the present thesis have shown how attractiveness restructuring of attributes in conflict occurs in the post-decision phase. Results from the three studies indicated that attractiveness restructuring of attributes in conflict was stronger for important real-life decisions (Study 1) and in situations in which real consequences followed a decision (Study 3) than in more controlled, hypothetical decision situations (Study 2).

Finally, some proposals for future research are suggested, including studies of the effects of outcomes and consequences on consolidation of prior decisions and how a decision maker’s involvement affects his or her pre- and post-decision processes.

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Moynihan, Peter. "Understanding higher command decision making and senior executive decision processes". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339359.

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The initial aims of the project were to identify characteristics of the command process at Higher Command levels in the Royal Navy so that systems design could include decision aids at this important focal point"in the overall system (a naval Task Force). A prerequisite for formulating recommendations is an understanding "of the Task Force Commander's role and decision process. Consequently, an attempt was made early on to structure the Task Force command task. It became apparent that, without special measures, such a description could not be acquired. This thesis, therefore, is the story of a project about collecting data and informa tion, using it and then interpret ting it for the aboye purposes. Since there was little known about how to achieve an understanding of senior decision making, especially in potentially unstructured areas like the naval Higher Command function in a conflict environment, appropriate measures were developed to do so. The overall methodology designed consisted of: a) basic research; b) interview techniques; c) scientific gaming procedure; and d) a data collection-in-action regime. The methodology sought to use 'laboratory' techniques initially to acquire enough insight to then mount a study of clients "in action". It was considered necessary to supplement the former types of methods (interviews and gaming activities) with versions actually involving the clients when performing their role (in the form of a structured self-report study). The overall methodology was rooted in the systems ideas of Checkland (1981) and Bowen's views on the OR process (1981 and 1984) . Both authors react against the traditional prescriptive, normative approach of text book OR practitioners. The latter pursui t ignores messy, human aspects of organisational life and requires that a problem situation is well understood so that applied mathematical techniques can be used to formulate and then , solve' a problem. Most high-level decision problems, though, cannot be so formulated. This thesis is an attempt to formulate and understand high-level decision problems in a different way, using different techniques, but with a similar aim of arriving at useful and meaningful decision support recommendations. The methods to be described should start to fill the gap that exists at the moment in the OR repertoire of methodology catering for such needs. It was not possible to implement the overall methodology in the naval context. The industrial phase of the research was therefore initiated so that all of the phases could be tested in an albeit limited programme. Some preliminary insights and findings emerged in both contexts. Essentially, high-level decision makers approach their tasks differently. They have differing priorities also - as revealed by the interview and gaming phases. However, the data collection-in-action study (implemented in an industrial context only) revealed that what happens in reality (when they are at work) does not fully reflect the pattern of priorities revealed in the laboratory studies. Consequently, it is necessary to use other means to arrive at a complete picture of their decision making process. The overall methodology includes the interview and gaming phases because they are necessary to acquire enough insights to mount a data collection-in-action study later on. Also, they have other research and training uses. The ~hesis also includes the use of an analysis technique (based on Hogberg 1985) which assists with the appreciation of high-level decision making problems. The technique forms the basis of a proposed decision support system for both military and industrial contexts.

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Andersson, Daniel, Hannes Fries i Per Johansson. "Business Intelligence : The impact on decision support and decision making processes". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1159.

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Historically, decision support systems have been used in organizations to facilitate better decisions. Business Intelligence has become important in recent years because the business environment is more complex and changes faster than ever before. Organizations have started to realize the value of existing information in operational, managerial, and strategic decision making. By using analytical methods and data warehousing, decision support can now be used in a flexible way and assist decision makers in decision making processes. Increasing investments in Business Intelligence indicate that it can bring value to organizations. Benefits such as the ability to access relevant and timely decision support when it is needed can be of tremendous value when the use of existing information has become more a question of survival or bankruptcy for an organization, than profit or loss. Thus, it would be interesting to see how decision support and decision making have changed in organizations after implementing a Business Intelligence system. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if and how Business Intelligence has changed decision support and decision making processes.A deductive approach using a qualitative method has been used with semi-structured elite interviews. The thesis aims to investigate the manufacturing industry located in the Jönköping region in Sweden. The interviewed organizations are Husqvarna AB, Fläkt Woods AB, Myresjöhus AB, and Kinnarps AB. Our analysis shows positive effects of Business Intelligence in organizations with improvements of decision support due to timeliness, accessibility, quality, and better control of organizational information. As improvements in decision support has occurred, decision making has become better. Complicated problems are now easier to interpret by decision makers. Our research also concludes that intuition still has a major impact in decision making processes.

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Shao, Wei, i n/a. "Consumer Decision-Making: An Empirical Exploration of Multi-Phased Decision Processes". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070725.144459.

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Over the past 50 years, a great deal of research has conceptualised and modelled consumer decision-making as a single-or two-stage decision process. Today, the decision complexity has increased and consumers need to filter out a large amount of information prior to the final choice decision. This poses a challenge for marketing modellers to develop decision models that are more representative of real-world decision-making. An important rationale for the present study is to improve our understanding of consumer decision-making by providing empirical evidence that consumer decision-making may go beyond a single-or two-stage structure. This thesis aims to provide an insightful view of consumer decision-making, which may help marketers to develop and reinforce marketing programs to address consumer needs and hence increase profits, with knowledge of the types of decisions made and how decisions are made at different stages of the decision process. The literature review identified single-and two-stage decision models. Data analysis did not fully support this conceptualisation. An empirical exploration of consumer decision-making for a durable product revealed that the existing literature is limited in scope and predictability as they failed to capture multi-phase decision processes, which accounted for approximately one-half of consumer decisions. Empirical evidence was found suggesting that consumers seldom use a single strategy throughout the decision process. Consumer heterogeneity was also evident in this research as different consumers approached the same decision task with different processes and outcomes. Finally, this research identified those aspects of decision processes that have not been captured by the literature-based decision strategies. This research suggests that consumer decisions are more contingent than previously conceived in a single-and two-stage model. This research recommends that marketers should reconsider their understanding of consumer decision-making and bear in mind that one marketing strategy does not fit all customers. Marketers need to develop marketing strategies to address the entire decision process instead of focusing only on the decision outcome. By identifying different decision paths that are used by consumers, marketers can effectively segment the market; marketers can also benchmark consumers' perceptions of their performance on the important attributes against competitors to ensure that their product/brand is not eliminated prior to the selection from within the choice set. Future research requires us to understand how consumer differences interact with the decision environment to influence decision processes and outcomes. To do so, researchers must adopt a multi-phase perspective.

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Shao, Wei. "Consumer Decision-Making: An Empirical Exploration of Multi-Phased Decision Processes". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365297.

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Over the past 50 years, a great deal of research has conceptualised and modelled consumer decision-making as a single-or two-stage decision process. Today, the decision complexity has increased and consumers need to filter out a large amount of information prior to the final choice decision. This poses a challenge for marketing modellers to develop decision models that are more representative of real-world decision-making. An important rationale for the present study is to improve our understanding of consumer decision-making by providing empirical evidence that consumer decision-making may go beyond a single-or two-stage structure. This thesis aims to provide an insightful view of consumer decision-making, which may help marketers to develop and reinforce marketing programs to address consumer needs and hence increase profits, with knowledge of the types of decisions made and how decisions are made at different stages of the decision process. The literature review identified single-and two-stage decision models. Data analysis did not fully support this conceptualisation. An empirical exploration of consumer decision-making for a durable product revealed that the existing literature is limited in scope and predictability as they failed to capture multi-phase decision processes, which accounted for approximately one-half of consumer decisions. Empirical evidence was found suggesting that consumers seldom use a single strategy throughout the decision process. Consumer heterogeneity was also evident in this research as different consumers approached the same decision task with different processes and outcomes. Finally, this research identified those aspects of decision processes that have not been captured by the literature-based decision strategies. This research suggests that consumer decisions are more contingent than previously conceived in a single-and two-stage model. This research recommends that marketers should reconsider their understanding of consumer decision-making and bear in mind that one marketing strategy does not fit all customers. Marketers need to develop marketing strategies to address the entire decision process instead of focusing only on the decision outcome. By identifying different decision paths that are used by consumers, marketers can effectively segment the market; marketers can also benchmark consumers' perceptions of their performance on the important attributes against competitors to ensure that their product/brand is not eliminated prior to the selection from within the choice set. Future research requires us to understand how consumer differences interact with the decision environment to influence decision processes and outcomes. To do so, researchers must adopt a multi-phase perspective.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text

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Mador, Martha. "Strategic decision making processes : cases from English universities". Thesis, Henley Business School, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412430.

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Edwards, Lucy. "Clinical psychologists' decision-making processes during therapy assessment". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744235.

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Maroulis, Vasileios. "Decision-making processes in shipping acquisitions and shipbuilding". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33420.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 132).
The purpose of this thesis is to expand and analyze the decisions that are constantly being made by shipping companies concerning acquisition of newbuildings, the construction of newbuildings, operational aspects as well as financial issues concerning a shipping company. The issues that shall be analyzed and discussed have been deduced after extended discussions with technical directors of some of the major Greek Shipping Companies. Once all issues at hand have been deduced, this thesis shall provide a general introduction, and consequently an analysis of each and every major event at hand, indicating Shipping Company's various options. The next step shall be to analyze the results of all the interviews, and then finally give further comments and suggestions concerning each and every major event at hand shall be indicated.
by Vasileios Maroulis.
S.M.

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Carey, Neil J. "Intuition and reason : decision making in compositional processes". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/848641/.

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My aims for this PhD are to define intuitive and reasoned decision making in my own compositional processes and to present a portfolio of six original compositions. I will present an analysis of my own conscious, increasingly intuitive compositional decisions, through a portfolio of six compositions and an accompanying technical commentary. I investigate Thomas Kuhn’s work on revolutions in science through his landmark book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. This leads to work developed from Kuhn’s theories by Miranda Fricker, which allows me to develop a definition of intuitive decision making in compositional processes. I use this definition, applied to my own compositional decision-making in the creation of the six pieces in my portfolio, to chart my own increasingly intuitive approach to the compositional process. Aspects of my own music become more intuitive over time. The first piece composed, October 2010 for piano trio, is reasoned in the application of certain elements such as pitch and rhythm organisation, from the pre-compositional processes to the final outcome. The final piece in my portfolio, a chamber opera, is significantly different as much of the compositional processes are consciously intuitive. This evolution of my compositional decision-making is charted through all six compositions in the accompanying technical commentary. I contribute to knowledge in the area of meta-cognitive thinking in relation to compositional decision-making. My six compositions contribute to the repertoire of contemporary art music.

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Tang, Yun. "Hierarchical Generalization Models for Cognitive Decision-making Processes". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1370560139.

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D'Ambrosio, Catherine P. "Computational representation of bedside nursing decision-making processes /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7266.

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Rose, Kelly Ann 1967. "The decision-making processes of dual-career couples". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291461.

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Dual-career couples are a rapidly growing population who face many challenges due to their complicated lifestyle. The qualitative case study method was employed to specifically explore the decision-making processes of three dual-career couples in order to broaden the knowledge base about these couples and to yield information that would facilitate the development of educational and counseling programs to better serve this population. The following methods were used to elicit information from the participants: audiotaped discussions of four career-related scenarios and individual responses to a short values survey. Factors identified in the couples' decision-making processes included money, geography (location), opportunities for career advancement, satisfactory job opportunities for both partners, family, future children, opportunity costs, career and personal happiness, and financial security. Recommendations for future research and suggestions for counselors, educators, and employers were made.

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MONTI, MARCO. "Heuristics and biases in investment decision making processes". Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4050234.

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McInerney, Robert E. "Decision making under uncertainty". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a34e87ad-8330-42df-8ba6-d55f10529331.

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Operating and interacting in an environment requires the ability to manage uncertainty and to choose definite courses of action. In this thesis we look to Bayesian probability theory as the means to achieve the former, and find that through rigorous application of the rules it prescribes we can, in theory, solve problems of decision making under uncertainty. Unfortunately such methodology is intractable in realworld problems, and thus approximation of one form or another is inevitable. Many techniques make use of heuristic procedures for managing uncertainty. We note that such methods suffer unreliable performance and rely on the specification of ad-hoc variables. Performance is often judged according to long-term asymptotic performance measures which we also believe ignores the most complex and relevant parts of the problem domain. We therefore look to develop principled approximate methods that preserve the meaning of Bayesian theory but operate with the scalability of heuristics. We start doing this by looking at function approximation in continuous state and action spaces using Gaussian Processes. We develop a novel family of covariance functions which allow tractable inference methods to accommodate some of the uncertainty lost by not following full Bayesian inference. We also investigate the exploration versus exploitation tradeoff in the context of the Multi-Armed Bandit, and demonstrate that principled approximations behave close to optimal behaviour and perform significantly better than heuristics on a range of experimental test beds.

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Winfield, Catherine V. "Clinical decision making in district nursing". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2830/.

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The two studies described here address the question of how District Nurses determine patients' nursing problems and plan care. The theoretical framework for the investigation is derived from Information Processing Theory. A process tracing methodology was used to capture the content of District Nurses' thinking during an assessment visit to a newly referred patient. Data was collected in the natural setting to ensure ecological validity. The assessment visits were tape recorded and immediately following the visit a stimulated recall session was conducted in which the nurse was asked to describe her thinking during the assessment, prompted by the tape recording. This session was itself tape-recorded. Thus two verbal protocols were elicited for each assessment: a visit protocol and a recall protocol. Data were analysed by content analysis. The verbal protocols were assessed to ensure that they met the criteria for validity and reliability of the coding schedules was established using two measures or interrater reliability. The first study sought evidence of hypothetico-deductive reasoning by nurses and describes the type of decisions made by nurses. Although evidence of hypothesis generation and testing was found, nurses' knowledge was found to determine how they interpreted data initially and what data they sought. It was therefore concluded that a model of diagnostic reasoning that focused on cognitive processes alone was insufficient to explain the dynamics of clinical problem solving. The second study, therefore, sought to establish the structure and content of District Nurses knowledge and the cognitive processes they used during an assessment. The results suggest that nurses attend to both clinical and personal phenomena in order to make a judgement about the state of the patient and that their knowledge is organised internally as schema. This provides an explanation of how nurses recognise salient information and determine what further data is required. Four key cognitive activities were identified: search, inference, action and plan. The study concludes by drawing a line of reasoning to show how nurses integrate knowledge and reasoning processes to accomplish clinical problem solving.

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Basodan, Yosif Abdullah. "The effect of experience on adult decision making processes and decision quality". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239473.

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Barcus, Anka. "Exploring decision making processes in-situ, in-actu, in-toto : an empirical study of decision-making processes in medium software development projects". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1064/.

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Organisational projects, a multifaceted socio-technical phenomenon that evolve in plural contexts often characterised by a high degree of interconnectedness, have become ubiquitous in strategy delivery. The traditional project management literature emphasises the significance of project and organisational objectives to project success, yet it is not clear how these objectives guide action at project level. Aiming to fill the gap, this empirical research studied project decision-making in two organisations with strong rational orientation that communicate strategic direction through objectives hierarchies, and define and manage projects by objectives. To study decision-making practices in project praxis, this thesis introduces the concept of a “decision site” as an area shaped by a triad of mutually constituting practitioners, sociomaterial context and decisionmaking practices, as well as the concept of “praxis domains” used to analyse entwinement between decision-making practices and sociomaterial context. The environment and participants’ perception was analysed based on semi-structured interviews with practitioners, review of existing organisational documentation, and daily project meetings were audio recorded through silent observation. Twenty eight decision episodes were identified and described in their organisational project context. Two process representations aided analyses of decision episodes, one tracing discursive reference to praxis domains, and the other diagramming decision-making activities which manage a decision site. Decision-making practices of “Neguesstimation” and “Querying Praxis Domains” were defined and differentiated by schemes and degree of entwinement with praxis domains. The thesis findings do not support the notion of project and corporate objectives as being instrumental in project decision-making. Instead, one of the observed practices queries praxis domains as proxies for complex hierarchies of organisational objectives and constructs decision site imbued with local practical logic. The thesis argues that practical logic could be successfully employed in aligning project level activities to complex and dynamic organisational context and suggests potential for development of practice based decision-making approaches.

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Tissington, Patrick. "Emergency decision making by fire commanders". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484299.

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Maras, Marta. "Experiments on financial and donation behaviour : decision-making processes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94489.

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The three chapters of this thesis investigate the decision-making processes behind financial and donation behaviour of individuals. Chapter One studies the impact of prior learning and competition on the presence of the disposition effect in a venture capital setting. It reveals that prior learning leads to better venture choices and confirms competition as the most efficient form of resource allocation and management. Chapter Two addresses the empirical finding of a negative relationship between income and charitable giving as a proportion of that income. As the first study to replicate this downward relationship in an experiment, it exposes income rank information as one of the factors causing the relationship. Using a unique dataset from a natural experiment in Chapter Three, I explore the effect of increased publicity via additional visibility and information on the household donation behaviour. The results show that donations increase with public announcements and the announcement order.
Los tres capítulos de esta tesis investigar los procesos de toma de decisiones que describen la conducta financiera y la donación de los individuos. Capítulo I estudia el impacto de la formación previa y la competencia en la presencia del efecto de la disposición en un entorno de capital de riesgo. El estudio confirma que la formación previa favorece el proceso de selección y que la competencia permite la asignación más eficaz de recursos y gestión. Capítulo II investiga la presencia de una relación negativa entre los ingresos y las donaciones (representados en proporción de esos ingresos). El capitulo presenta los resultados del primer estudio que examina esta relación con un experimento y propone que entre los factores que explican esta relación es la información sobre los ingresos personales comparado con los de sus compañeros. Capítulo III utiliza una base de datos única que contiene los resultados de un experimento natural y presenta resultados empíricos sobre el efecto de una mayor publicidad a través de la visibilidad e información adicional sobre el comportamiento de la donación de los hogares. Los resultados muestran que las donaciones aumentan con los anuncios públicos y el orden de estos anuncios.

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Kokay, Christine Margaret, i n/a. "I.C.T. Decision-Making Processes in Self-Managing Secondary Schools". Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060802.170325.

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This study examines decision-making processes involved in the development, integration and management of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in self-managing secondary schools and influences that affect these processes. To obtain an holistic view of ICT decision-making processes, a case study is undertaken of three co-educational, state secondary schools within a regional New Zealand city, thereby establishing a multiple case study. The principal, network manager and three staff nominated by the principal as playing an active role in ICT decision-making processes were interviewed using an open-ended interview. Five frequently cited generic decision-making models, developed by theorists to describe specific features of the decision-making process, are examined to provide a theoretical platform against which the interview data are analysed and interpreted. The study concludes that ICT decision-making in the case study schools is influenced particularly by technical knowledge and understandings. Such decision-making tends to be ad-hoc, isolated from other important influences particularly in relation to teaching and learning issues, and 'bounded' because of limited information, the limitations of existing technology, and the inability of schools to keep abreast of technological changes. Six implications are therefore put forward to inform future ICT decision-making in schools. They are: 1. Schools should develop a strategic plan that is underpinned with technical planning requirements; 2. Technical advice and professional development should be provided for principals; 3. Principals should consult outside the school environment for technical advice to assist with decisions; 4. The role of the ICT committee should be redefined to include planning and development of ICT; 5. Principals should ensure that staff receive professional development; and 6. Schools should consider student access and the best way of integrating ICT into teaching and learning. The study highlights the need for schools to develop strategic plans that address teaching and learning issues in the development, integration and management of ICT in self-managing secondary schools. Technical decisions should be made in support of these.

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Varlamova, Viktoriya. "The Relationship between Time Management and Decision-Making Processes". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2283.

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During the last two decades, time management and decision-making have become well-established topics in modern working life. However, little research attention has been given to the link between the two. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time management factors and decision-making processes. This research was specifically focused on identifying which aspects of decision-making processes are related to time management factors. It was predicted that decision-making processes will be more efficient\effective when employees have time management related competencies and work in an environment that supports time management. A research model was built based on previous research in this field and tested using bivariate correlations, t-tests, and multiple-regression analyses. Five organizations in New Zealand and three in Russia participated in the research, contributing a total of 164 employees. Results indicated, as predicted, that the effectiveness of decision-making processes partially depends on time management factors. Implications of the findings are discussed and future directions for research on the relationship between time management factors and decision-making processes are suggested.

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Platts, Danielle. "Patients' decision making processes for uncertain, risky medical decisions". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17546/.

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Chacon, Vince. "Executive decision making processes and outcomes : structure and robustness". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29536.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48).
Uncertainty in the decision making environment complicates the decision making process because future events may change the effect of a particular decision or series of decisions. This thesis explores the possibility of applying robust engineering design techniques to the decision making process in order to limit the effects of changing circumstances. The intent is to identify solutions that will reduce the variation in the outcome of decisions that are made across many projects by analyzing projects that have been executed at the Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) over the past several years. A framework to relate past performance to match the requirements of experiments in a Design of Experiments (DOE) analysis is developed. The approach views factors that are considered in making decisions as controllable elements and factors that unexpectedly affect the outcome of the decisions as noise. The resulting framework is then organized such that the data can be analyzed using the Taguchi approach to DOE, which has been successfully used for analyzing engineering design and manufacturing processes. The analysis approach considers the robustness of the outcome based on the factors used to make the decisions about the various projects that have been conducted at DFRC over the past six years. The decision process performance is analyzed and recommendation are made to improve the performance of the decision making process at DFRC. The analysis indicates that projects providing large increases in technical knowledge were the most influential in reducing the effects from changes in budget and staffing resources that were beyond the control of the decision makers.
by Vince Chacon.
S.M.

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Gould, Ian C. "Electrophysiological indices of graded attentional and decision-making processes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e126089a-d87c-4ab4-aa4a-acf01988c7f2.

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In everyday life we regularly update our expectations about the locations at which sensory events may occur, and about the motor responses that are appropriate in a given situation. The experiments in this thesis investigated the neural correlates of perceptual processes and motor preparation during human decision making, and the regions that causally contribute to decision making in the human brain. In Chapter 3, I used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate whether alpha-band (~8-14 Hz) oscillations provide a graded index of participants’ preparatory attentional states. Time-frequency analysis revealed that manipulating spatial certainty regarding the location of an upcoming visual target led to parametric changes in the lateralization of preparatory occipito-parietal alpha oscillations, and to parametric modulation of parieto-central beta-band (~15-25 Hz) power typically associated with response preparation. In Chapter 4, I used EEG to investigate whether evolution of lateralization of sensorimotor alpha- and beta-band activity reflected participants’ evolving expectations about an upcoming motor response. Lateralization of activity in both frequency bands varied parametrically with the available evidence, suggesting such lateralized activity correlates with participants’ internal decision variables. Further analysis identified unique contributions to lateralized and non-lateralized oscillatory activity due to the prior evidence, evidence update, and surprise related to the observed information at each stage of the task. In Chapter 5, I extended the paradigm developed in Chapter 4 for use with online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and concurrent EEG recording. Delivery of TMS during decision making allowed investigation of the causal role played by a left hemisphere medial intraparietal region that is the putative human homologue of the macaque medial intraparietal cortex (MIP). MIP stimulation disrupted decision-making behaviour by biasing participants’ decisions against contralateral-to-stimulation (i.e., right-handed) responses. Comparison of the magnitude of TMS-induced changes in behaviour and beta-band activity demonstrated that the intraparietal cortex plays a causal role both in decision making and in the appearance of beta-band activity over the motor cortex. In Chapter 6, the broader consequences of the experimental work presented in this thesis are discussed, in addition to promising directions for future research.

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Aina, Adebunmi Yetunde. "Financial management decision-making processes in public primary schools". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65455.

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The South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 prescribes how schools should manage their finances and involve their stakeholders in financial management decision-making. The relevant literature reveals that principals in many schools situated in township and rural areas play a dominant role in the financial management of their schools which is contrary to the prescriptions of the South African Schools Act. This study aimed to identify financial management decision-making processes utilized in fee-paying public primary schools, the factors that influence financial management decision-making and the role and influence of individual stakeholders in financial management decision-making. The study followed a qualitative research approach with a multiple case study research design. Five fee-paying public primary schools were purposively selected. Participants included governing body chairpersons, principals and financial managers of the schools. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The findings from the data suggest that financial management decision-making processes utilized in fee-paying public primary schools are: needs analysis, budget drafting and procurement processes. The study also reveals that members of school governing bodies (SGB) in fee-paying schools situated in affluence areas are educated professionals who, as required by the South African School Act, exert a strong influence in financial management decision-making in schools.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
Unrestricted

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Vega, Paul. "Venture capital in China : investment processes and decision-making /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz114353042inh.htm.

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Kokay, Christine Margaret. "I.C.T. Decision-Making Processes in Self-Managing Secondary Schools". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365763.

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This study examines decision-making processes involved in the development, integration and management of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in self-managing secondary schools and influences that affect these processes. To obtain an holistic view of ICT decision-making processes, a case study is undertaken of three co-educational, state secondary schools within a regional New Zealand city, thereby establishing a multiple case study. The principal, network manager and three staff nominated by the principal as playing an active role in ICT decision-making processes were interviewed using an open-ended interview. Five frequently cited generic decision-making models, developed by theorists to describe specific features of the decision-making process, are examined to provide a theoretical platform against which the interview data are analysed and interpreted. The study concludes that ICT decision-making in the case study schools is influenced particularly by technical knowledge and understandings. Such decision-making tends to be ad-hoc, isolated from other important influences particularly in relation to teaching and learning issues, and 'bounded' because of limited information, the limitations of existing technology, and the inability of schools to keep abreast of technological changes. Six implications are therefore put forward to inform future ICT decision-making in schools. They are: 1. Schools should develop a strategic plan that is underpinned with technical planning requirements; 2. Technical advice and professional development should be provided for principals; 3. Principals should consult outside the school environment for technical advice to assist with decisions; 4. The role of the ICT committee should be redefined to include planning and development of ICT; 5. Principals should ensure that staff receive professional development; and 6. Schools should consider student access and the best way of integrating ICT into teaching and learning. The study highlights the need for schools to develop strategic plans that address teaching and learning issues in the development, integration and management of ICT in self-managing secondary schools. Technical decisions should be made in support of these.
Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Education (EdD)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
Full Text

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Alnaimi, Suleiman. "Decision making processes within educated intercultural marriages in Australia". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/168473.

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In recent years, the world–wide phenomena of globalization and increasingly flexible social norms have contributed to an increase in intercultural relationships, particularly in multicultural societies. Intercultural relationships have a higher risk of failure and lower marital satisfaction than same-culture marriages. The negotiation of important family decisions are known to lead to marital conflict, however few studies have examined how successful, intercultural couples make important decisions and maintain marital satisfaction. Six intercultural couples who met the criteria were recruited and interviewed (ie.12 individuals).Couples were interviewed longitudinally on how they make important family decisions. The educational levels of participants ranged from college degree to PhD degree. The participants represented diverse cultural backgrounds. The various racial and/or ethnic identifications of the intercultural married couples in this study represented the diversity of the racial and/or ethnic mixes in intercultural marriages within the general population. Prior to completing the conjoint, face to face interviews, each couple completed the Schwartz Value Survey to elicit their individual values. Values are known to motivate and underpin decisions and vary from culture to culture. Interviews revealed that, although cultural differences were clearly evident, these differences did not prevent effective decision making amongst intercultural couples. Instead, couples were successfully turning cultural differences into minor issues or even opportunities. Couples often managed three cultures within the nuclear family as all couples had children being raised in Australia. Couples reported that keys to marital success included developing common values, working towards agreed goals and awareness of their spouse’s culture, support and open communication. Intercultural couples interviewed displayed positive attitudes of commitment to their marriage, each other and family. Couples focused on what was best for the family when making decisions. They held firm beliefs that they were not that different from their partner, despite cultural differences. Themes to emerge from qualitative analysis of the interviews as factors underpinning successful inter-cultural marriages across the participants include shared faith, similar values and the creation of a third culture within an emerging global culture. Cultural differences were not found to be a significant factor when major family decisions were made. This thesis is the first to examine decision making among successful intercultural couples. Qualitative study has investigated couple decision-making from the same cultural background. This current study generates new insights on intercultural couple’s decision making processes, and provides unique perspectives on how successful, well-adjusted and highly educated intercultural couples negotiate important family decisions. The findings of this study have the potential to add to the limited knowledge available on intercultural marriage and cross-cultural adjustment and has implications for counsellors and marriage / family therapists working with cross-cultural couples.
Doctor of Philosophy

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38

Beck, Kathleen Marie. "Academic researcher decision making processes for research participant compensation". Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6703.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the academic researcher decision-making processes related to participant compensation. Compensation for research participants is a complex issue nested within human subjects research, involving potential ethical pitfalls, such as undue influence and coercion. Regulations require researchers possess sufficient understanding of their subject population to make informed decisions with respect to compensation issues. Despite the key role compensation practices play in the research process, few researchers have considered these practices from the perspective of the academic researcher. The researcher collected data via semi-structured interviews to understand factors academic researcher consider when electing to compensate or not compensate research participants, the ethical challenges faced by academic researchers when determining research compensation for their studies, and, from the perspective of academic researchers, how compensation practices be improved. Compensation is an integral part of human subjects research, but it involves ethical considerations due to its potential impact on the participant’s voluntarism. Researcher decision making about compensation is complex and is influenced by myriad factors, including budgetary constraints, the type of study, perceptions of participant burden, institutional and departmental factors, and more. This study expanded the understanding of participant compensation by exploring the researcher decision-making processes.

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Okstad, Eivind H. "Decision Framework for Well Delivery Processes - Application of Analytical Methods to Decision Making". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1497.

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A major portion of unproduced oil and gas resources are located in deep-water areas, often at sea level depths between 1500 and 3000 metres. Development of these fields with conventional technology necessitates increasing costs mainly due to the higher rig- and equipment specification needed. Conventional technology normally implies using a 21" marine riser and a 18 3/4" blowout preventer (BOP) that require heavy rig systems for handling and storage. Larger and more costly rigs in combination with longer time spent on the drilling and completion operations are the main contributions to the increasing cost. Thus, new solutions for cost-effective drilling and completion of deep-water wells have emerged during the recent years as alternatives to conventional technology. Among these new solutions are the big-bore well concepts that are focused on in this thesis.

On the other hand, uncertainty is usually connected to application of new technology. Uncertainty relates both to operational aspects, as well as to the expected production availability of finalized wells. Field development by using a big-bore well concept requires that the expected production rate relies on fewer wells compared to typical conventional well design. Thus, uncertainty needs to be considered carefully, as part of the decision basis.

Given the above challenges, decision makers are seeking appropriate methods and tools to support well engineering and the related decision processes. By combining methods within the area of risk analysis and decision analysis, the relevant properties and characteristics of alternative solutions are linked to the important requirements and decision criteria. Special attention is made to decision-making in project teams, or groups as result of a process. This kind of decision-making is interpreted as the decision process in the current thesis.

The main objective of the PhD project has been to develop a decision framework for deep-water well engineering adapted to the needs of a project team being the decision maker. The main intention is to improve confidence among such decision makers. Indirectly, this should stimulate increased utilization of new and alternative technologies for the drilling and completion of deep-water wells.

The framework includes a decision methodology for assessing the possibilities and limitations of technological options in a decision-making context. The body of the methodology contains the following basic steps: 1) Define the technical decision scope and structure of the well delivery process (WDP), 2) Select the basic well concept, and 3) Conduct the detailed design and approve it. In addition to the new decision methodology, a two-step procedure to guide industry implementation has been developed. This procedure involves the intended user from the early beginning. A case study describes an application of the decision methodology on a hypothetical drilling scenario. The case study also verifies the quality of the selected procedures and validates the methodology.

The combined risk assessment and decision analysis is new to well engineering. Instead of independent risk assessments, the current framework links such assessments directly to the decision processes of well engineering, i.e. to the value chain. It deals with the information of relevance, how assessments should be planned and accomplished, and finally, how the results should best be implemented.

The practical contribution of the framework and its methodology should be proactive support to engineering organizations in their decision processes. Both the quality and efficiency of ongoing decision processes are improved. Feedback from Shell mentioned the usefulness of applying the influence diagram method in the early identification phase of potential well concepts. Being part of the current methodology, this method provides linkages between the detailed factors at an operational level and the values aggregated at a higher managerial decision level.

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Quintal, Vanessa Ann. "An investigation into the effects of risk and uncertainty on consumers' decision-making processes : a cross-national study". University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Management, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0038.

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[Truncated abstract] Global tourism accounted for US$623 billion in 2004, representing 6% of the world's exports of goods and services (World Tourism Organisation, 2005). In the last decade, natural and man-made disasters have adversely affected the tourism industry. Consequently, the risk and uncertainty associated with travel have increased, potentially impacting on tourists' behaviour. However, while travel motivators have received a great deal of research attention, travel constraints have not been examined to the same degree. The present study explores risk and uncertainty and their roles in people's decisionmaking processes in a tourism context. In doing so, attempts were made to clarify the distinction between the risk and uncertainty constructs, which in prior research often have been used interchangeably, leading to some confusion about their roles. The distinction between the perceptual and attitudinal constructs also was clarified, as prior research into their differential impacts has been limited. To achieve these objectives, data were collected from online research panel members in Australia, the United States (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), New Zealand, South Korea, China and Japan, as part of a larger tourism study. While the majority of the country samples were drawn from the general population, the Japan sample constituted an international

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41

Holmes, Mark Edward, i n/a. "Fraud against governments in Australia : reviewing rational and political decision making processes". University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.150531.

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Tabaeh, Izadi Masoumeh. "On knowledge representation and decision making under uncertainty". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103012.

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Designing systems with the ability to make optimal decisions under uncertainty is one of the goals of artificial intelligence. However, in many applications the design of optimal planners is complicated due to imprecise inputs and uncertain outputs resulting from stochastic dynamics. Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) provide a rich mathematical framework to model these kinds of problems. However, the high computational demand of solution methods for POMDPs is a drawback for applying them in practice.
In this thesis, we present a two-fold approach for improving the tractability of POMDP planning. First, we focus on designing good heuristics for POMDP approximation algorithms. We aim to scale up the efficiency of a class of POMDP approximations called point-based planning methods by designing a good planning space. We study the effect of three properties of reachable belief state points that may influence the performance of point-based approximation methods. Second, we investigate approaches to designing good controllers using an alternative representation of systems with partial observability called Predictive State Representation (PSR). This part of the thesis advocates the usefulness and practicality of PSRs in planning under uncertainty. We also attempt to move some useful characteristics of the PSR model, which has a predictive view of the world, to the POMDP model, which has a probabilistic view of the hidden states of the world. We propose a planning algorithm motivated by the connections between the two models.

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Song, Haili. "Optimal strategies for electric energy contract decision making /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6125.

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Heller, Collin M. "A computational model of engineering decision making". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50272.

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The research objective of this thesis is to formulate and demonstrate a computational framework for modeling the design decisions of engineers. This framework is intended to be descriptive in nature as opposed to prescriptive or normative; the output of the model represents a plausible result of a designer's decision making process. The framework decomposes the decision into three elements: the problem statement, the designer's beliefs about the alternatives, and the designer's preferences. Multi-attribute utility theory is used to capture designer preferences for multiple objectives under uncertainty. Machine-learning techniques are used to store the designer's knowledge and to make Bayesian inferences regarding the attributes of alternatives. These models are integrated into the framework of a Markov decision process to simulate multiple sequential decisions. The overall framework enables the designer's decision problem to be transformed into an optimization problem statement; the simulated designer selects the alternative with the maximum expected utility. Although utility theory is typically viewed as a normative decision framework, the perspective in this research is that the approach can be used in a descriptive context for modeling rational and non-time critical decisions by engineering designers. This approach is intended to enable the formalisms of utility theory to be used to design human subjects experiments involving engineers in design organizations based on pairwise lotteries and other methods for preference elicitation. The results of these experiments would substantiate the selection of parameters in the model to enable it to be used to diagnose potential problems in engineering design projects. The purpose of the decision-making framework is to enable the development of a design process simulation of an organization involved in the development of a large-scale complex engineered system such as an aircraft or spacecraft. The decision model will allow researchers to determine the broader effects of individual engineering decisions on the aggregate dynamics of the design process and the resulting performance of the designed artifact itself. To illustrate the model's applicability in this context, the framework is demonstrated on three example problems: a one-dimensional decision problem, a multidimensional turbojet design problem, and a variable fidelity analysis problem. Individual utility functions are developed for designers in a requirements-driven design problem and then combined into a multi-attribute utility function. Gaussian process models are used to represent the designer's beliefs about the alternatives, and a custom covariance function is formulated to more accurately represent a designer's uncertainty in beliefs about the design attributes.

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Kihlander, Ingrid. "Decision making in concept phases : towards improving product development processes /". Stockholm : Department of Machine Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10685.

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Nosov, Igor, i Rustam Hamraev. "Educating Bootstrapping : Financial decision making processes in Create Business Incubator". Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6567.

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Recently, small businesses have attracted much attention from scholars and businessmen, since the significance of these businesses estimated essential in rapid changing business environment from the perspective of wealth and job creation. Simultaneously, it is well known that most infant entrepreneurs are constrained by shortage of financial resource for development and growth of their business. Some entrepreneurs carry out the need for resources by applying the particular methods of financial bootstrapping. Therefore, a number of researches have been conducted in order to define characteristics of bootstrapping and to analysis how it effects to financial decision making process of entrepreneurs.

Under specific constrains and difficulties, the majority of the start-ups gain financial capital for business establishment from family funds and other informal sources based on personal contacts. Being directly connected with bootstrapping, financial decision making also must be implemented efficiently in the start-up phase of the company. Practically, the majority of nascent entrepreneurs face the lack knowledge about financing of small business frequently. Thus, the study of bootstrapping methods and the exploration of the factors, that effect decision making process, is important for both researchers and entrepreneurs.

The regarding thesis, in turn, examines bootstrapping behavior and financial decision making processes of four different companies in the Create Business Incubator. First of all, it investigates financing, financial choice, network and learning in order to conceptualize appropriate frame for conducting the thesis work. Then, necessary hands-on information obtained by conducting certain interviews and analyzing the networking and coaching circumstances of the Incubator. Consequently, after analyzing the characteristics of business and entrepreneurs, a priori conclusion and recommendations are proposed which help to increase the financial awareness of nascent entrepreneurs in the Incubator in terms of financing small business.

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Taheri, Hamed. "Interactive visualization to facilitate group deliberations in decision making processes". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54715.

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Structured Decision Making (SDM) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) are increasingly used to facilitate municipal and environmental decision-making. Even though it is well documented that visualization techniques can facilitate analytical activities, few studies have probed into the use of information visualization (infovis) in SDM and MCDA processes. The aim of the present study is to analyze how infovis can support participants in a real-world MCDA/SDM process surrounding an urban infrastructure-planning problem with focus on meetings held to evaluate multiple alternatives over a set of criteria. I attended as a participant in a series of SDM workshops related to the renewal of a municipal sewage treatment facility. Participatory observation was conducted of visualizations used to evaluate multiple alternatives over a number of criteria. Two interactive infovis features were identified to be particularly be beneficial for SDM-based processes: information on demand and exploration of preferences. We demonstrated an interactive computer-based tool developed by our research team, ValueCharts, in a number of meetings with potential users to get their feedback. Drawing on these results and the literature, ValueCharts was extended by our research team to a new version, Group ValueCharts, to support group deliberations during MCDA and SDM processes. An experiment was then conducted with seven participants on a stormwater management decision problem at UBC. Our results show that interactive visualization features in ValueCharts and Group ValueCharts have the potential for increasing the effectiveness of MCDA decision processes. They can facilitate comparing multiple alternatives and also probing into participants’ preferences. Interactive visualization was acknowledged by participants for improving group interaction, exchange of information, identification of sticking points, and focusing discussions on what matter for the final decision. Feedback from the participants and our observations support our conclusion that the identified infovis features hold the potential of facilitating the decision process in SDM. Understanding MCDA concepts, however, seems to be essential to get the most out of such visualization tools. If participants do not grasp MCDA concepts, some of them may become suspicious of the final ranking or not be able to identify some of sticking points that really matter.
Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate

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Higuchi, Kathryn A. Smith. "Professional nursing education : cognitive processes utilized in clinical decision making". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ44452.pdf.

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Mukherjee, Moumita. "Comparison of Risky Decision Making Processes in Dyads and Individuals". Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3621.

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The thesis compared the likelihood of taking risks in dyads and individuals in varying situations. Patterns of risky decision making were examined in the standard risky choice task and a novel risk management task. The relative successes of two theories of risky decision making were assessed: Prospect Theory emphasizes perceptual and psychophysical processes, whereas Security-Potential/Aspiration Level Theory emphasizes dispositional and motivational processes. The thesis also examined dyads’ decision behavior in light of competing social influence perspectives regarding risky versus cautious shifts and group polarization. Participants, as individuals or as part of a dyad, made decisions in 23 trials about hypothetical two-outcome monetary gambles in one of two different tasks. Risky choice involved making choices between two given 50-50 lotteries which varied in riskiness (i.e., outcome variability), whereas risk management required actively manipulating an existing 50-50 risk by changing outcome values. The 23 trials were equivalent across tasks. Dyad participants communicated via an instant messenger program, while viewing the same lotteries on different computers. Data on risk preferences across gain and loss domains were analyzed using a mixed factorial ANOVA design. Consistent with Prospect Theory value function predictions, the risky choice task led to risk averse preferences for gains and risk seeking preferences for losses, though risk seeking was weak. Consistent with SP/A theory predictions, the risk management task led to overall risk averse preferences, with movement toward risk taking for gains. In addition, there was some evidence of social influences in that dyads tended to be more conservative than individuals in their decision behavior when dealing with undesirable outcomes. Thus, a cautious shift was observed, but only for lotteries involving guaranteed losses. This could not be explained by group polarization. Each of the theories received some support, but none of them could explain all of the findings. Recommendations were made to give greater attention to defining and measuring risk attitudes and dispositions, and to continue exploring differences in decision situations and social settings to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of risky decision making processes. Findings here suggest the need for an overarching theory that can account for a wide variety of influences. A dual processes approach was recommended as one promising avenue. Social and situational influences may prove an essential part of understanding risky decision making in real life contexts.

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Obadina, Derek Adetokunboh. "Impact of judicial review on local authority decision-making processes". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244814.

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