Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Debtor countries

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Debtor countries”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Debtor countries"

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Кубанцев, Сергей, i Sergey Kubantsev. "Historical Aspect of Criminal Liability for Fraudulent Bankruptcy in Russia and Foreign Countries". Journal of Russian Law 4, nr 12 (5.12.2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22725.

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The article highlights the issues of legal regulation of public relations related to the unfair bankruptcy, in their historical aspect. It outlines the legislative instruments used by foreign countries and Russia for regulating of liability for bankruptcy in the period up to the 19 century. The author studied the laws of foreign countries and the Russian legislation, which contains provisions on liability for bankruptcy, the regulation of the debtor´s property distribution of priority, as well as differentiation of debtors to those who can not meet its debt obligations, and those who simply do not want to fulfill its debt obligations (malicious insolvency). Due to this situation the questions about the time of distinguishing the respective responsibilities of the bankrupt entity are arise. The author mentioned the move away from a single penalty for any debtor who is unable to pay its debts, which depends solely on the fact of the debt of non-payment, in the direction of several forms of punishment, depending on the fault of the debtor in its own bankruptcy, differentiation punitive and coercive measures of material nature, the development of methods and means of implementation creditors´ rights.
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Kraay, A., i J. Ventura. "Current Accounts in Debtor and Creditor Countries". Quarterly Journal of Economics 115, nr 4 (1.11.2000): 1137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355300555033.

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Decoodt, Patrick. "The Foreign Debt Problem of Africa". Afrika Focus 3, nr 1-2 (12.01.1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0030102002.

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The foreign debt problem of Sub Saharan Africa {SSA), although an important obstacle against economic growth, is not the region's major economic problem. The creditors are less concerned about the relative small debt figures of SSA because of the lower risks for the equilibrium of the financial system. But from the debtors' viewpoint, the debt situation is possibly even more critical in low-income Africa than in the richer major debtor countries. SSA has a predominance of official creditors with the best obtainable credit terms. Notwithstanding these good terms, SSA is so poor that it has difficulties with fulfilling its debt service. There is no single solution for the African debt crisis. Anyway the official creditors have to adopt a more flexible attitude. The debtor countries have also to accept their own responsibility in the solutions of the problem.
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Warren, Stanton A., i J. Thomas Romans. "THE DEBTOR/CREDITOR STATUS OF WESTERN HEMISPHERE COUNTRIES". Financial Review 21, nr 3 (sierpień 1986): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1986.tb00756.x.

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Fernandez, Raquel, i Jacob Glazer. "The scope for collusive behavior among debtor countries". Journal of Development Economics 32, nr 2 (kwiecień 1990): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(90)90040-i.

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Suherman, Suherman. "UPAYA MEDIASI DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI LEMBAGA PERBANKAN". Jurnal Yuridis 4, nr 2 (11.01.2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.35586/.v4i2.250.

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In many countries the use of mediation as a method of dispute settlement was initially voluntary. The banking dispute that begins with a costumer’s complaint against the services of a bank which is not responded, will cause a dispute. The banking dispute can also occur due to contractual relationship between bank and debtor. There is several action that can be done by debtor for doing banking mediation, namely debtor has meeting with bank party to ask explanation for mediation, if acknowledge and understand so debtor can propose a mediation process to the implementation of banking mediation function, the debtor follows the mediation process and put it into an agreement. In this case, author also describe the benefits and weakness about banking mediation.
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Syaifullah, Imam, i Surya Sakti Megantoro. "Ruling due to Bankruptcy Assets Debtors Beyond Areas in Indonesia". Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal 6, nr 1 (5.02.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32801/lamlaj.v6i1.201.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of bankruptcy decisions on debtor assets outside the territory of Indonesia and to see the extent to which the bankruptcy law provides protection to creditors from debtors whose assets are located outside the territory of Indonesia. This is Normative legal Research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a comparative approach. The results and discussion concluded that the bankruptcy decision handed down by the Commercial Court in Indonesia could have an impact on the debtor’s assets outside the territory of Indonesia in accordance with Article 21 of the Bankruptcy Law. The issue of execution is hindered by the principle of territoriality from other countries. The bankruptcy law has not fully provided legal protection for creditors if the debtor has assets outside the territory of Indonesia, as a way for curators to carry out private selling. Indonesia should adopt the Uncitral Model Law on cross-border insolvency (1997) or enter into international agreements, either bilateral or multilateral.
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Dimitriu, Cristian. "Odious Debts and International Fair Trade". Daímon, nr 76 (9.01.2019): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/daimon/275011.

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I argue that one of the most important reasons why international trade has been unfair is that weaker parties in trading negotiations have been illegitimately forced to accept terms of trade that they would not otherwise accept under normal circumstances, and these terms of trade have been harmful for them. Odious debts are at the center of this kind of injustice. Odious debts are debts that are not binding for the citizens of a country, as they were incurred by illegitimate rulers in the name of all the citizens, but used for private purposes, such as personal benefit, or to oppress the population. Despite the fact that these debts are not binding—that is, that they should not be repaid—creditor countries have coerced debtor countries to repay them and, more importantly for the purposes of this article, they have taken advantage of the fact that countries are burdened with these debts by tailoring trade agreements in their favor. They have done so by telling debtor countries that, unless they trade under terms that creditor countries want; non-binding (i.e. odious) debts will be enforced. The resulting state of affairs is not simply a convenient one for creditor countries and an inconvenient one for debtor countries. It is also an immoral one.
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Marquez, Jaime R., i Caryl McNeilly. "Can Debtor Countries Service Their Debts? Income and Price Elasticities for Exports of Developing Countries". International Finance Discussion Paper 1986, nr 277 (kwiecień 1986): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.1986.277.

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Setiawan, Asep, Djoni Gunanto, Hamka i Muhammad Yusuf Saputra. "THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DEBT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF INDONESIA'S FOREIGN POLICY 2014-2022". Jurnal Arajang 5, nr 2 (31.12.2022): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31605/arajang.v5i2.2142.

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A country's foreign debt is aimed at maintaining economic growth. However, in practice, it also affects bilateral relations and international behavior. Indonesia has accumulated foreign debt reaching Rp 7000 trillion from various countries and institutions. This study aims to examine the impact of foreign debt on Indonesia's foreign policy during Joko Widodo's administration from 2014-2022. The study uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews of government officials and academics as well as analysis of document sources. This research uses the concepts of foreign debt, foreign policy, and complex interdependence. The results showed three patterns of Indonesia's foreign relations with debtor countries. First, Indonesia establishes positive relationships with debtor countries. Second, Indonesia avoids getting involved in conflicts with cricket-giving countries on a number of bilateral issues. Third, Indonesia is reluctant to criticize creditors involved in bilateral and international issues while carrying out free and active foreign policy.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Debtor countries"

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Apps, Peter, i n/a. "Debt Crises, IMF Policies and Structural Inequality in the Third World". Griffith University. School of Humanities, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031010.143327.

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The neo-liberal policies of liberalization and deregulation, as utilized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its dealings with countries of the developing world, tend to facilitate the conditions for financial crisis. This can be traced by examining the economic crises of Mexico in 1982 and 1994/95, Asia in 1997 and Russia in 1998 and looking at the main causes and triggers of these crises. It is evident that the financial vulnerability that these countries suffered from existed due to, and not in spite of, these policy prescriptions. The IMF continues to present these policies as proven successes - a view that this dissertation contests. Further to this, the policies that the Fund uses are formulated for use in semi-peripheral economies and have little relationship to the actual economic environments of peripheral countries such as those of sub-Saharan Africa or Papua New Guinea. The ideology of free-markets and globalization is seen as unassailable by the IMF. By encouraging countries to remain part of the global financial system through debt rescheduling and open-markets policies, the IMF holds an increasingly fragile economic environment together. This dissertation formulates and tests four hypotheses in relation to Mexico, Asia, Russia and Papua New Guinea and the periphery. These are - (1) If there are periods of 'irrational exuberance' among investors in Third World debt, these are likely to contribute to debt crises. (2) If IMF policies are implemented in the Third World as dictated, then their primary benefits will accrue to the elites in those countries and in the developed world. (3) If Third World countries open their economies to foreign capital, then they are more likely to experience debt crises. (4) If IMF policies are implemented in peripheral countries, then they are even less likely to be successful than in semi-peripheral countries.
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Apps, Peter. "Debt Crises, IMF Policies and Structural Inequality in the Third World". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367067.

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The neo-liberal policies of liberalization and deregulation, as utilized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its dealings with countries of the developing world, tend to facilitate the conditions for financial crisis. This can be traced by examining the economic crises of Mexico in 1982 and 1994/95, Asia in 1997 and Russia in 1998 and looking at the main causes and triggers of these crises. It is evident that the financial vulnerability that these countries suffered from existed due to, and not in spite of, these policy prescriptions. The IMF continues to present these policies as proven successes - a view that this dissertation contests. Further to this, the policies that the Fund uses are formulated for use in semi-peripheral economies and have little relationship to the actual economic environments of peripheral countries such as those of sub-Saharan Africa or Papua New Guinea. The ideology of free-markets and globalization is seen as unassailable by the IMF. By encouraging countries to remain part of the global financial system through debt rescheduling and open-markets policies, the IMF holds an increasingly fragile economic environment together. This dissertation formulates and tests four hypotheses in relation to Mexico, Asia, Russia and Papua New Guinea and the periphery. These are - (1) If there are periods of 'irrational exuberance' among investors in Third World debt, these are likely to contribute to debt crises. (2) If IMF policies are implemented in the Third World as dictated, then their primary benefits will accrue to the elites in those countries and in the developed world. (3) If Third World countries open their economies to foreign capital, then they are more likely to experience debt crises. (4) If IMF policies are implemented in peripheral countries, then they are even less likely to be successful than in semi-peripheral countries.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Full Text
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van, Vliet Lisette. "Debt-for-Nature Swaps : transnational environmental politics in a changing global political economy or NGOs, LDCs and IOUs". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128737.

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Debt-for-nature swaps are a new phenomenon in world politics. Initiated as a response to third world debt problems and the urgent need for environmental protection, debt-for-nature swaps represent a very interesting development in the areas of international finance, international negotiation and international roles for non-state actors. To date, at least nineteen swaps have taken place, and according to some observers, they fit a niche that will exist for some time to come.
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Bruce, Colin (Colin Ashley). "Contractual unenforceability, external debt renegociation and the effective incidence of the burden of debt service". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72816.

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Abendanon, Lucille. "Debt relief for economics or debt relief for the people? : a critical analysis of the heavily indebted poor countries initiative". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53347.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIPC Initiative offers qualifying heavily indebted poor countries the opportunity to renege on their debt obligations in return for an emphatic commitment to poverty reduction and reform. This dissertation assesses the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative in light of the fact that one third of the world's population continues to live on an average of US$1 per day. In evaluating the HIPC Initiative one simple question is posed: taking into consideration the abject poverty experienced by over a billion people in the developing world, and the urgency with which it must be addressed, is the HIPC Initiative extensive enough, deep enough or broad enough to effectively challenge worldwide poverty? Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the dissertation investigates this question by examining the divergent points of view offered by the World Bank and IMF on the one hand, and NGOs on the other as they comment on the most hotly debated issues surrounding the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative. The analysis leads us to an evaluation of the following issues: establishing debt sustainability to qualify for HIPC relief; the issue of conditionality and the use of poverty reduction strategy papers; funding the HIPC Initiative; the likelihood of HIPCs escaping the debt trap after HIPC relief; and finally, how the HIPC Initiative is contributing to attaining the Millennium Development Goals is evaluated. After probing the stances of the World Bank and IMF, and the contrasting views of NGOs the conclusions indicate that the HIPC Initiative is neither extensive, deep nor broad enough to effectively challenge poverty, or to provide indebted poor countries with a lasting escape from the burden of unsustainable debt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Inisiatief bied aan arm lande met 'n groot skuldlas, wat kwalifiseer vir hulp, die geleentheid om hul skuldverpligtings af te las in ruil vir 'n definitiewe verbintenis tot armoede-vermindering en -hervorming. Hierdie verhandeling evalueer die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief teen die agtergrond van die feit dat een derde van die wêreld se bevolking op 'n gemiddelde van een Amerikaanse Dollar per dag oorleef. Hierdie evaluering van die HIPC Inisiatief stel 'n eenvoudige vraag: Is die HIPC Inisiatief voldoende en uitgebreid genoeg om die uitdaging van wêreldwye armoede aan te spreek indien 'n mens die uiterste armoede van meer as 'n biljoen mense in ontwikkelende gebiede in ag neem, sowel as die dringendheid waarmee dit aangespreek moet word? Deur van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik te maak, ondersoek die verhandeling hierdie vraag deur uiteenlopende gesigspunte van die Wêreldbank en die Internasionale Monitêre Fonds (IMF) aan die een kant, en Nie- Regerings Orginisasies (NRO's) s'n aan die ander kant, te ondersoek aan die hand van hul kommentaar op die belangrikste kwessies oor die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief. Hierdie ontleding lei tot 'n evaluering van die volgende kwessies: bepaling van lande se potensiaal om met terugbetalings vol te hou ten einde vir hulp deur die HIPC te kwalifiseer; die kwessie van voorwaardelikheid en die gebruik van armoedeverligtingstrategieë; befondsing van die HIPC Inisiatief; die moontlikheid dat die HIPC's die skuldstrikke na toepassing van HIPC-bystand sal ontsnap; en laastens, hoe die HIPC Inisiatief se bydrae tot die bereiking van die Millenium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte geëvalueer word. Die standpunte van die Wêreld Bank en die IMF sowel as die teengestelde sienings van die NRO's word ondersoek. Die gevolgtrekking toon dat dat die HIPC Insiatief nie uitgebreid, diep of breed genoeg is om armoede doeltreffend hok te slaan nie, of om skuldlastige arm lande te help om finaal van hul skuldlas te ontsnap nie.
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Orie, Kenneth Kanu. "Managing the less developed countries' debt problem". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27354.

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The underlying problem in debt management has been the allocation of the global adjustment burden between the creditors and the debtors and to make them less sensitive to the colossal economic sacrifice attendant to the adjustment. The Brady Plan seems to strike a balance between the opposing interests of the parties involved. But the question of whether such a balance can be sustained in the long run is still open. All the debt management strategies evaluated in this work seem inadequate in so far as they could not abate the recurrence of the problem. But they nevertheless, appear to be the best that can be offered in the face of the reality of the world economic situation. The susceptibility of the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) to foreign indebtedness is rooted in the poor structure and relatively undiversified nature of their economies. Thus the economic growth of these countries seems a panacea to the debt problem. To this end, the LDCs have to ensure that their economies undergo vigorous economic reforms congruent with the present and prospective realities of the world economy, aimed at lifting supply constraints, attracting foreign investments and encouraging debt-equity swaps which seems to be making a considerable inroad to effective debt management in that it saves debtor countries steep foreign exchange commitment needed for international trade and debt servicing. The economic interdependence of nations makes the success of this strategy contingent upon a 3% minimum GDP growth rate in the industrialized countries to generate not only good market for LDCs’ tradeables but also to forestall exogenous factors that promote the recurrence of the problem. Clearly, this matter is not within the province of international law. The problem is basically economic and must be practically handled and resolved in the same context. In the context of the debt problem and management, international law cannot make possible what is economically impossible. Debtors are therefore advised to save themselves the problem of international indebtedness by matching expenditures with available resources at all times while the creditor countries themselves tamper their economic policies to check the exogenous factors which promote the recurrence of the problem.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Bourget, Bernard. "Country risk analysis : a survey of external debt service capacity indicators". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65534.

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Elnasri, Amani Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of debt relief in low-income countries". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26779.

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The perceived lack of conclusive quantitative evidence on the macroeconomic effects of debt relief in low-income countries has generally blurred the image of debt relief efforts and left the issues of its effectiveness and efficiency open to debate and dispute. This thesis seeks to shed more light on the subject by providing some further empirical evidence. This objective is achieved by performing an empirical investigation of two effects of debt relief. First, the study examines the debt relief-new borrowing relationship in a multivariable regression framework. The results that emerge suggest that, on average, debt relief can be beneficial in reducing the future new borrowing of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). This conclusion, to some extent, is in line with the goals of HIPCs debt relief initiatives in reducing external debt burdens of those countries to sustainable levels. However, it presents a challenge to the views of William Easterly on the ???perverse incentive effects??? of ???continuing waves??? of debt relief that are said to lead to further debt accumulation of a similar magnitude to replace old cancelled debt. Second, the analysis explores the influence of debt relief on domestic investment behaviour in developing countries. Debt relief is found to have a positive effect on domestic investment in countries with good policy environments. This result suggests that debt relief would be more effective in promoting domestic investment if it were more cautiously conditioned on sound policy frameworks.
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Shepherdson, Ian Charles. "The secondary market in less developed countries' debt : development, efficiency and debt reduction". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11035.

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The thesis describes and analyses, within a framework of qualitative market development theory, the development of the Secondary Market in the bank debts of less developed countries. A survey of market participants is presented and analysed. The theory of financial market efficiency is assessed, and secondary market price data is used to test the theory in the secondary market context. Market-based debt reduction is described in theory and in practice, with a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the Brady Initiative. Simulations and sensitivity analysis of the likely effect on debt servicing ability for the first three beneficiaries of Brady debt restructuring are presented. Suggestions for further research are presented in the concluding chapter.
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DeusdarÃ, Francisca Maria Muniz. "Economic growth and government debt in the countries of OECD". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11518.

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nÃo hÃ
This work was developed with the aim of contributing to the discussion about the impact of the public debt on the economic growth of the OECD countries. Different theoretical and empirical work suggest an effect of economic stagnation when there is an increase in the debt, however, and on the other hand, many authors argue that a rise in the growth strengthens the economy by attracting new investors. There is no consensus in the literature on the subject. This work was developed with the main purpose to provide data that may help clarify the debt and growth paradox. To capture the direction of those two variables as well as the mutual influence of this movement, we used in our study an econometric vector auto-regressive type model â VAR, with annual data from 16 out of the 32 countries considered as advanced economies that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development â OECD, during the period from 1995 to 2011. The results presented indicate a weak causality going from growth to debt. Thresholds concerning public debt have not been identified. It has been found out that a low economic growth of the countries within the sample, under the Granger sense, causes bigger Debt/GDP ratios.
Este trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de contribuir com a discussÃo sobre o impacto da dÃvida pÃblica no crescimento econÃmico nos paÃses da OCDE. Diferentes trabalhos teÃricos e empÃricos propÃem um efeito de estagnaÃÃo da economia quando hà uma elevaÃÃo da dÃvida, entretanto e, por outro lado, muitos autores defendem que uma elevaÃÃo no crescimento fortalece a economia atraindo novos investidores. NÃo hà consenso na literatura sobre o assunto. Com a finalidade principal de fornecer dados que possam ajudar a esclarecer o paradoxo dÃvida e crescimento este trabalho foi desenvolvido. Para capturar a direÃÃo destas duas variÃveis, bem como a influÃncia mÃtua deste movimento, no nosso estudo foi utilizado um modelo economÃtrico do tipo autorregressivo vetorial â VAR, com dados anuais de 16 dos 32 paÃses considerados de economia avanÃada que compÃem a OrganizaÃÃo para CooperaÃÃo e Desenvolvimento EconÃmico â OCDE, durante o perÃodo de 1995 a 2011. Os resultados apresentados indicam uma fraca causalidade indo do crescimento para dÃvida. NÃo foram encontrados limiares para dÃvida pÃblica. Foi encontrado que um baixo crescimento econÃmico dos paÃses da amostra causa, no sentido de Granger, maiores razÃes DÃvida/PIB.
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Książki na temat "Debtor countries"

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Cline, William R. Mobilizing bank lending to debtor countries. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1987.

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Kraay, Aart. Current accounts in debtor and creditor countries. Washington, DC: World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth Division, 1997.

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Fernandez, Raquel. Why haven't debtor countries formed a cartel? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Kraay, Aart. Current accounts in debtor and creditor countries. Cambridge, Mass: Dept. of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997.

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Zervoyianni, Athina. Macroeconomic performance in semi-industrialised debtor countries andinternational interest rates. Hull: University of Hull, Department of Economics and Commerce, 1992.

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Cadot, Olivier. Lending to insolvent countries: A paradoxical story. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1991.

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International Monetary Fund. Research Department. World Economic Outlook, May 1998: Financial Crises: Causes and Indicators. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1998.

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Strengthening Economic Legal Infrastructure Coordinating Group. 2003 study on debt collection litigation/arbitration in APEC countries. Tokyo?], Japan: Strengthening Economic Legal Infrastructure Coordinating Group, 2003.

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Attinger, Barbara Jeanne. Der Mittelpunkt der hauptsächlichen Interessen nach der EuInsVO - erfolgreiches Konzept oder Quelle der Rechtsunsicherheit?: Eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Zuständigkeitskriterium der europäischen Insolvenzverordnung unter Heranziehung der Erkenntnisse der ökonomischen Analyse des Rechts. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2008.

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Hess, Burkhard. European insolvency law: The Heidelberg-Luxembourg-Vienna Report on the application of Regulation No. 1346/2000/EC on Insolvency Proceedings (External Evaluation JUST/2011/JCIV/PR/0049/A4). München: C.H. Beck, 2014.

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Części książek na temat "Debtor countries"

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Buira, Ariel. "The Role of Incomes Policies in the Adjustment Process of Debtor Countries". W Incomes Policies, 84–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20381-9_5.

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Ghatak, Subrata, i José R. Sánchez-Fung. "Debt and crises". W Monetary Economics in Developing Countries, 199–233. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-02157-1_11.

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Ghatak, Subrata. "The international debt crisis". W Monetary Economics in Developing Countries, 194–223. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23895-8_11.

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Willms, Manfred. "Public Debt and Public Debt Policy in Germany". W Public Sector Deficits in OECD Countries, 102–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08952-9_4.

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Bascom, Wilbert. "Credit Securitization and Developing Countries’ Debt". W The Latin American Debt, 100–114. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12051-2_8.

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Zanforlin, Luisa. "Resuming Lending to Countries Following a Sovereign Debt Crisis". W Sovereign Debt, 189–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118267073.ch20.

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Alexopoulou, Ioana, Irina Bunda i Annalisa Ferrando. "Sovereign Bond Spreads in the New European Union Countries". W Sovereign Debt, 335–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118267073.ch37.

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Addison, Tony, Henrik Hansen i Finn Tarp. "Introduction". W Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 3–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_1.

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Heltberg, Rasmus, Kenneth Simler i Finn Tarp. "Public Spending and Poverty in Mozambique". W Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 209–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_10.

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Dabla-Norris, Era, John M. Matovu i Paul R. Wade. "Debt Relief, Demand for Education and Poverty". W Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 241–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_11.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Debtor countries"

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Ganiev, Junus, i Damira Baigonushova. "External Debt Sustainability in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02383.

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After the global financial crisis, there have been serious increases in state debt of most countries. In addition, the debts for economic development are constantly increasing in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. As a result, the sustainability problem of government debt arises. In some countries, such as Kyrgyzstan, a significant portion of government debt is taken from a single country. This situation increases the risk even more. The aim of the study is to analyze the sustainability of state debts comparatively in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. To this end, the current state of government and total external debt were analyzed in light of various sustainability rates. The ratio of government debt and debt service to variables such as Gross Domestic Product and export was determined and compared. ADF and PP unit root tests and quarterly data for the period 2008-2019 was used to determine the stability of external debt. According to the empirical results, it is showed that the external debt is unsustainable in EAEU countries. Therefore, they need to implement rational policies on external debt management, in both the public and private sectors.
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Erkan, Çisil, Erdinç Tutar, Filiz Tutar i Mehmet Vahit Eren. "An Analysis of External Debts of Turkey (1980–2012)". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00483.

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One of the most important goals of developing countries is to materialize sustainable economic growth and development. Foreign external debts play a key role in accelerating economic growth, investment and exports. Insufficient level of domestic capital accumulation generally forces developing countries to source finances by means of debts from foreign countries, banks and international organizations. External debt is also important resource for Turkey. In Turkish economy, external debt is taken generally in order to counter the saving deficit and foreign Exchange deficit and reach the high growth rate. External debts, which are initially taken as additional resources, can accelerate the investments, economic growth and development when they are used efficiently. But if the external debts aren’t used efficiently and the principal and interest payments of the external debts become higher than national income increase, it is required to get debts again to pay debts and thereby it causes to increase external debt burden and decrease the country welfare. In this study, development of external debts has been analyzed, starting from Ottoman Period until today. it is concluded that, external debts have created a negative impact on total investments between 1980 and 2010 in Turkey, and this negative impact on total investments has prevented economic growth. This conclusion suggests that the amount of foreign debt should be reduced so as to increase the level of economic growth in Turkey.
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Egeli, Haluk, i Pınar Egeli. "The Sustainability of External Debts for Turkic Countries". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01379.

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Resources provided from one country to another country fulfills the function of closing the gap for currency and savings for the country acquiring these resources. Regarding the current position of emerging countries, these two concepts take important place for their development efforts. In this paper, developments in Turkic Countries are analyzed to put forth their external debts' sustainability for the transition period. The model is constructed by using variables with inter temporal budgetary constraints approach. Inter temporal budgetary constraint approach take into consideration external debt as well as interest rates in international financial markets. Panel data techniques are used for empirical analysis and based on the empirical findings for above mentioned countries, comments are made for their liquidity constraints and the sustainability of their external debts.
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Zhumakunova, Tolkun, i Zhainagul Kydyralieva. "The Effects of External Debts on Economic Growth of Kyrgyzstan". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02019.

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In developing countries, insufficient internal sources cause the increase of need on external sources. These countries in order to maintain their economic growth apply for external debt to cover the gap of foreign currency and savings. After the collapse of Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan began to use external funds. It is very important to use these sources in accurate areas and efficiently. Most empirical studies indicate a negative correlation between foreign debt and economic growth, especially in those countries whose foreign debts are relatively high. This work examines the correlation between foreign debt and economic growth in Kyrgyz economy. Toward this objective, it uses the economic indicators of Kyrgyzstan between 1993 and 2015. The stationarity of time series data used in this study was tested by the ADF test. Than a least-squares regression analysis is performed. According to the findings of study, foreign debt in Kyrgyzstan have a negative impact on economic growth. According to results foreign debt should be reduced in order to increase the level of economic growth in Kyrgyzstan.
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Ganiev, Junus, Tezcan Abasız i Damira Baigonushova. "Foreign Capital Inflows and Economic Growth in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02615.

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The theoretical foundation for foreign capital-led growth hypothesis could be traced back to the neoclassical and endogenous growth theories, which see capital as the main source of growth. Foreign capital inflows are important because they close the savings-investment gap in developing countries. After independence, the Eurasian Economic Union countries, which were faced with the problem of inadequacy of domestic resources for economic development, became highly dependent on foreign sources and gave great importance to foreign aid and foreign debt, as well as to foreign investments. When viewed proportionally, the share of foreign aid is naturally low, and infrastructure investments constantly increase the external debt burden of future generations. On the other hand, although foreign direct investments contribute to the country’s economy, they do not directly increase the country’s debt burden. Therefore, it is considered as a more preferred foreign source. In this study, the effects of foreign investments and total external debt on economic growth in the EAEU countries were investigated. The quarterly data of five countries for the period of 2010-2021 were analyzed by panel data analysis. According to the panel ARDL cointegration approach, it has been revealed that there is a cointegration relationship between external resources and GDP in the EAEU countries. It has been determined that only foreign direct investments and total foreign debt have a statistically significant effect on GDP in the long run. In accordance with the general literature and theory, both coefficients were positive.
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Bal, Harun, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman Esaa i Esma Erdoğan. "The Foreign Debt and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02622.

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The growing levels of external debt in developing countries are increasingly a worldwide problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, where the expanding portfolio of foreign debts, debt servicing rates, and debt overhang cause alarm and global concern. The likelihood of relatively good outcomes of the interaction between external debt and economic growth is based on the government's attempts to maintain a sustainable debt-to-GDP ratio, a low budget deficit, and that the external debt is utilized primarily for capital investments. Under other conditions, the government would confront a circumstance in which accumulated foreign debt levels stifle economic progress, particularly when debt levels rise over time and are poorly managed. In this context, this study aims to examine the association between foreign debt and economic growth in Sub Sahara African countries during the period from 1980 to 2019. The study employed the Dynamic Panel Threshold Regression analysis to investigate the differential impact of foreign debt on economic growth below and above a threshold. The empirical results highlight the existence of a nonlinear relationship between foreign debt on economic growth above the debt threshold during the examined period. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; Sub Sahara African governments should use solid methods of generating domestic income to supplement outside sources of funding, such as the inclusion of domestic informal businesses on a shared cutting-edge platform to ensure successful domestic revenue collection.
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Noyan Yalman, İlkay, Özcan Işık i Şerife Merve Koşaroğlu. "Export-Led Growth Model and External Debt in Turkey". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01917.

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After the 1980s, as the globalization movement accelerated, countries increased their foreign trade transactions. In with this process, import-based growth model was abandoned in the Turkish economy and an export-based growth model is adopted. The export-led growth model increased export revenues started to, growth has gained speed, however, due to fact that the industry is dependent on imported inputs, started to increase external balance and current account deficit problems. In addition, there have economic growth that is not create employment due to insufficient savings and investments. For this reason, the increase in external debt tended to increase further. Such causes have led to an increase in external debt. In this study, the effect of export-led growth on foreign debts will be analyzed. For this purpose, foreign debts and growth relation in Turkey will be analyzed with time series model and will be done causality analysis.
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Akyol, Servet. "Financial Crisis and Fiscal Policy: An Assessment of the EU-Member Balkan States". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00951.

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The objective of this paper is to study the economic and social results of the post-crisis fiscal policies concerning the Balkan States that are members of the EU. The global crisis, which broke out in the US in 2008, had a deep effect on both developed and developing countries. Until today different policies have been put on the agenda in order to eliminate or alleviate the impacts of the crisis. In this context, bailout and stimulus packages were firstly implemented. Stimulus packages were replaced by austerity policies because of the increasing public debt and budget deficit after 2010. Fiscal policy focused on reducing the debts instead of supporting the economic activities. This study is based on historical and descriptive method. It examines the development of post-crisis fiscal policies in the Balkan States that are members of the EU. In this study, public expenditure, public debt, public deficit and unemployment rate are used as the main indicators. The effects of fiscal policy will be compared between countries. This study also suggests that although the crisis resulted from financial sector, burden of crisis was transferred to public sector. Moreover, in many countries, because of its increasing deficit and debt burden, public sector became depended on financial sector that was rescued before. After the crisis, fiscal policies has led to significant economic and social costs in the Balkan States that are members of the EU.
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APETRI, Anisoara Niculina. "Analysis of Public Debt Sustainability in EU Countries". W The 14th Economic International Conference: Strategies and Development Policies of Territories: International, Country, Region, City, Location Challenges, May 10-11, 2018, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.82.

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Diril, Funda. "Comparison of Fiscal Reforms in Some South and East European Transition Economies". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01014.

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The aim of this paper is to compare fiscal reforms of some of the transition economies in Balkans including The Republic of Macedonia. Since 1990’s former planned economies, which are in the process of economic transformation into market economy have carried out several reforms. During this economic transformation process both the effects and the results of these reforms vary according to the difference between the needs of structural change in each country. In this study, some of the selected transition economies in Balkans are analyzed: Some of the recent members of European Community in Balkans and The Republic of Macedonia are examined in comparison. Analysis of fiscal reforms of these transition economies are evaluated in several headings in reference to the macroeconomic statistics created by international organizations such as OECD, EC and IMF and policy suggestions are proposed accordingly. The government deficit, government debts and tax policy are the significant part of these reforms. Several strategies are implemented in developing support systems for competitive environment and private ownership. Economic shrinkage, current account deficit, low foreign capital and government deficit indicate economic weakness in these countries. The Czech Republic, Bulgaria, The Republic of Macedonia, Romania and Hungary face fiscal problems such as economic shrinkage, debt service and government deficit during the transition process. As being the candidate country for European Union accession; The Republic of Macedonia is approaching to the Maastricht Criteria and has better outcomes in public debt compared to the other countries given above.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Debtor countries"

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Fernandez, Raquel, i Jacob Glazer. The Scope for Collusive Behavior Among Debtor Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maj 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2980.

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Rose, Andrew. One Reason Countries Pay their Debts: Renegotiation and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8853.

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Corsetti, Giancarlo, i Nouriel Roubini. Fiscal Deficits, Public Debt and Government Solvency: Evidence from OECD Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3658.

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Prats Cabrera, Joan Oriol, i María Eugenia Pereira. Analysis of Costs and Main Investors of Sovereign Debt Issuances in Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004356.

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Sovereign debt issuances are often assessed in quantitative terms and in terms of their impact on a countrys debt profile. However, behind every debt issuance there are also a series of operational practices which involve engaging with parties such as credit rating agencies, law firms, underwriters, and investors which also warrant assessment. The costs, periodicity, and range of these engagements vary across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This paper aims to illuminate practices surrounding the selection processes, associated costs, and priorities of debt management offices (DMOs) across LAC. By classifying the participating countries in three main categories--large economies that are regular sovereign debt issuers, smaller economies that are also regular issuers and that issued debt in 2020, and smaller economies that are non-regular issuers--the analysis identifies common regional practices, as well as differences among countries. The main purpose of the paper is to present data that may be relevant to LAC countries in assessing their own procedures at the time of issuing debt, and to identify strengths and areas for improvement that may lead to more efficient operational financing practices in the region as a whole.
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Dooley, Michael, Eduardo Fernandez-Arias i Kenneth Kletzer. Recent Private Capital Inflows to Developing Countries: Is the Debt Crisis History? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, lipiec 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4792.

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Edwards, Sebastian. Capital Flows, Foreign Direct Investment, and Debt-Equity Swaps in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, październik 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3497.

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Blomstrom, Magnus, i Robert Lipsey. Foreign Firms and Export Performance in Developing Countries: Lessons from the Debt Crisis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, sierpień 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3412.

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Ardagna, Silvia, Francesco Caselli i Timothy Lane. Fiscal Discipline and the Cost of Public Debt Service: Some Estimates for OECD Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, wrzesień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10788.

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Cavallo, Eduardo A., Andrew Powell i María José González Jaramillo. Research Insights: Why Did Some Countries Suffer Sudden Stops in Capital Flows during the Pandemic While Others Did Not? Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004318.

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Despite the sharp contraction in portfolio flows in March 2020, only six of 22 Latin American and Caribbean countries analyzed suffered a sudden stop in net capital flows during the COVID crisis. Outflows were the main driver of these sudden stops, as residents decided to increase their savings abroad. In other cases, external borrowing was crucial to avoid sudden stops. Without sovereign debt issuance or multilateral lending, sudden stops would have been considerably more widespread. Strong fundamentals are critical to maintaining access to external sovereign debt markets. Countries that suffered sudden stops had weaker pre-crisis macroeconomic indicators.
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Maeresera, Eleanor, i Adrian Chikowore. Will the Cure Bankrupt Us? Official Development Assistance and the COVID-19 Response in Southern African Countries. Oxfam, AFRODAD, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7130.

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Confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa in early November 2020 exceeded 1.8 million, with 45% occurring in Southern Africa (SAF). Most SAF countries lack the capacity to adequately protect lives and livelihoods. High indebtedness means underfunded essential services, and most countries had just emerged from a severe food crisis and the effects of Cyclone Idai. Donors must go beyond temporary debt service suspension and provide new aid grants. SAF governments must not use the pandemic to restrict civil society advocacy on behalf of the most vulnerable people.
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