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1
Choi, Jason, Duong Dang, Rishabh Kirpalani i Diego J. Perez. "Exorbitant Privilege and the Sustainability of US Public Debt". AEA Papers and Proceedings 114 (1.05.2024): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20241067.
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We study the extent to which the perceived cost of losing the exorbitant privilege the United States holds in global safe asset markets sustains its public debt safety. Our findings indicate that losing this special status in the event of a default significantly augments the debt capacity for the United States. Debt levels would be up to 30 percent lower if the United States did not have this special status. Most of this extra debt capacity arises from the loss of convenience yields on Treasuries, which makes debt more expensive following its loss, providing strong incentives to repay debt.
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Mendoza, Enrique G. "The Public Debt Crisis of the United States". Manchester School 85 (16.07.2017): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/manc.12193.
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Tabellini, Guido, i Vincenzo La Via. "Money, Deficit and Public Debt in the United States". Review of Economics and Statistics 71, nr 1 (luty 1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1928047.
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Romer, Paul M. "Public debt policies and united states saving A comment". Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 23 (styczeń 1985): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(85)90006-5.
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Moroz, Ivanna. "Peculiarities of public debt management policy in the United States of America: experience for Ukraine". ScienceRise, nr 4 (31.08.2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002040.
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The object of research is the policy of public debt management of the United States of America and Ukraine.
The problem solved is the low level of efficiency of the policy of public external and internal debt management of Ukraine in the context of financing economic growth.
The main scientific results: based on the analysis of the policy of public debt management of the United States of America, it has been proved, that the public debt and the US budget deficit should be perceived not as a problem or threat to macroeconomic stability, but as a tool to stimulate economic growth. It is substantiated, that in order to optimize the policy of internal and external public debt management of Ukraine it is expedient to introduce a debt rule, which is based on the program-targeted method of attracting public debt and provides for the use of public borrowing exclusively to finance economic development programs. In this case, Ukraine, following the example of the United States, will be able to achieve sustainable economic growth, because changing the priorities from debt financing of current state budget expenditures to financing capital expenditures will allow the Ukrainian government to develop economic infrastructure, create conditions for high value-added goods and to develop small and medium business, which will ultimately ensure macroeconomic stability and progressive economic development of the state.
The scope of practical use of research results. The results of the study can be used by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and in particular by the Ministry of Finance during the formation of the Medium-Term public debt management strategy of Ukraine.
Innovative technological product: The debt rule is based on the program-target method of attraction and use of the state internal and external debt that allows to use effectively the state borrowings for financing of economic growth.
Scope of application of an innovative technological product: Policy of management of the state internal and external debt of Ukraine
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MAGOMEDVALIEV, M. I. "ВНЕШНИЙ ДОЛГ США И РОССИИ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ". Экономика и предпринимательство, nr 2(151) (31.05.2023): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.151.2.035.
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Public debt is an important aspect of the world's financial system, and its state has an impact on countries' economy. The article examines the evolution of the Russian Federation's and the United States' public external debt management, as well as the current state of the Russian Federation's and the United States' external public debts, as well as a comparison of the Russian Federation's and the United States' public debts. Государственный долг является важным аспектом мировой финансовой системы, и его состояние оказывает влияние на экономику стран. В статье рассматривается эволюция управления государственным внешним долгом Российской Федерации и США, а также текущее состояние внешнего государственного долга Российской Федерации и США, и сравнение Государственных долгов.
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عبد الرحيم محمد, مالك, i أ. د. ميثم العيبي إسماعيل. "تحليل الاثار المالية والنقدية لتزايد الدين العام الداخلي في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية للمدة 2002- 2018". Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences 2020, nr 67 (18.01.2021): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ijes2020.67.4.
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The American economy suffers from a general budget deficit, mainly due to the high public expenditures, especially the military, as the United States of America occupies the first place in the world in the proportion of military spending, and the budget deficit is mainly financed through the sale of government securities, which led to an increase in the volume of public debt In the United States of America, which is a dangerous indicator, especially after interest payments on public debt exceeded the barrier of $ 500 billion for the year 2018, which pushes them to borrow again to finance these benefits, this cumulative and continuous increase in the size of public debt works to influence the economic variables Monetary and financial. The research aims to analyze the development of internal public debt in the United States of America and its most important causes, in addition to clarifying the mechanisms and methods used to alleviate the severity of the internal public debt without compromising the ability of the economy or the ability to repay previous debts to maintain investor confidence in the strength of the American economy. The research reached several results, the most prominent of which is that the large increase in the volume of the internal public debt and the consequent increase in the money supply did not negatively affect the monetary side of the economy as inflation rates did not reach high levels and international reserves increased, accompanied by a decrease in interest rates. While the research presented several recommendations, including the need to achieve financial discipline and market access to borrow at the lowest possible costs by issuing debt regularly, in addition to avoiding resorting to any special measures to increase the volume of public debt and adhere to the debt ceiling approved by the US Congress.
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Jiang, Zhengyang, Hanno Lustig, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh i Mindy Z. Xiaolan. "The U.S. Public Debt Valuation Puzzle". Econometrica 92, nr 4 (2024): 1309–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta20497.
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The government budget constraint ties the market value of government debt to the expected present discounted value of fiscal surpluses. We find evidence that U.S. Treasury investors fail to impose this no‐arbitrage restriction in the United States. Both cyclical and long‐run dynamics of tax revenues and government spending make the surplus claim risky. In a realistic asset pricing model, this risk in surpluses creates a large gap between the market value of debt and its fundamental value, the PDV of surpluses, suggesting that U.S. Treasuries may be overpriced.
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Mah, Gisele. "The governance of federal debt in the United States of America". Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 7, nr 1 (2017): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i1art12.
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The United State of America has been experiencing high debt to GDP ratio of more than 100% and these Public debts are detrimental. The main purpose of this study was to examine the shocks of the variables on others in the USA economy by using quarterly data. The variance decomposition and the Generalised Impulse Response Function techniques were employed to analyse the data. The result revealed that high variation of shocks in real federal debt is explained by their own innovations in the short run, by CPI followed by real federal debt its self. In the long run, this leads to CPI and real government spending. The GIRF reveals that in the short run, real federal debt responds negatively to shocks from CPI, real federal interest payment and real federal government tax receipts and positively to real federal debt and real government spending. In medium term, only real federal government tax receipts are negative while the others are positive. In the long run, the response are all positive to shock from the independent variables. The results lead to the recommendation that the US government should focus on real federal debt in the short run. In the medium term, US government should focus on increasing real government spending and reducing only real federal government tax receipts. In the long run the target should real be federal debt, CPI, real federal interest payment, real government spending and real federal government tax receipts.
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Zhukov, P. E. "Money Supply, Inflation and Budget Deficit in Russia Compared to the United States". Review of Business and Economics Studies 11, nr 4 (12.02.2024): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2023-11-4-72-83.
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The author examines the causes and sources of the depreciation of money in Russia compared with that in the United States. The subject is causal connections between the budget deficit, money supply, and the depreciation of money. The relevance of the research for Russia is determined by concerns about macroeconomic stability and high inflation. In the case of the United States, an increase in the money supply and an inflation spike occurred because of the debt financing of the federal budget deficit. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in considering the two main options for monetary policy to support the liquidity of public debt: hard and soft, and the analytical methods and results of the research. One of the important scientific results is that the burden of public debt should be measured not as the ratio of public debt to gross domestic product (GDP) but as the share of public debt in a bond market. The second scientific result is very important for the practice: during 2011–2022, in the eight biennial periods, the GDP deflator was approximately equal to the growth of the money supply M2 minus GDP growth. Thus, the depreciation of money was directly caused by monetary policy. In the other three biennial periods, a substantial difference was observed, probably because of external shocks. As the method of the study, the author estimated the effect of interest rates caused by crowding out corporate debt by public debt. It was substantiated that to obtain the effects of soft monetary policy and thus the increase of M2 to GDP deflator, it is essential to use biennial periods. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that, particularly in 2021–2022, the growth of the GDP deflator amounted to 139.8% and was due to the growth of the money supply M2 by 140.5%. At the same time, the effect on GDP growth was insignificant, at 3.4%. The key conclusion is that for the implementation of macroeconomic stability policies, it is necessary to manage the expansion of the M2 money supply, the exchange rate, and to use the GDP deflator as an important indicator in addition to the inflation index — consumer price index. A good way to achieve this is to adopt a special law for controlling inflation, similar to the USA Inflation Reduction Act.
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Equiza-Goñi, Juan. "SOVEREIGN DEBT IN THE UNITED STATES AND GROWTH EXPECTATIONS". Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, nr 2 (13.07.2018): 447–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100518000330.
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This paper shows empirical evidence and theory consistent with the US government using debt optimally to adjust the federal budget to news about long-term growth. First, using historical forecasts from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) since 1984, I find that government purchases and deficits are positively correlated with expectations about long-term productivity, real gross domestic product, and tax revenue growth, whereas tax receipts are negatively correlated. A structural vector autoregression estimated with US quarterly data in 1955–2015 identifies permanent and transitory productivity shocks and points to “trend” shocks as the source of these correlations. Second, I present an open economy real business-cycle model with stochastic productivity trend and optimal public purchases and taxes. Calibrating the model to the US economy, the Ramsey planners' allocation yields moments aligned with those observed in the data.
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Batomen, Brice, Elizabeth Sweet i Arijit Nandi. "Social inequalities, debt, and health in the United States". SSM - Population Health 13 (marzec 2021): 100736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100736.
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Delaume, Georges R. "The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and Public Debt Litigation: Some Fifteen Years Later". American Journal of International Law 88, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204099.
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The decision of the United States Supreme Court in Republic of Argentina v. Weltover, Inc. is an invitation to reassess the impact of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) upon public debt litigation. In contrast with other activities of foreign states, which have been the object of extensive and continuing litigation, barely two dozen cases involving public debt disputes have been reported since the FSIA took effect. Whether this situation is attributable to the care with which transnational loan documents are usually drafted or to some other reasons, including possibly the contemporary tendency to rely on debt rescheduling as a means of remedying difficult situations, is an interesting matter of speculation. Whatever the explanation for the relatively limited number of public debt cases, Weltover can be expected to have a decisive impact upon future litigation.
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Santos Moizinho, Luzelia Calegari, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro i Flavio Barboza. "Public debt issuance and corporate governance in the United States and Brazil". Corporate Ownership and Control 13, nr 4 (2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4p2.
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Debentures are important financing resources for U.S. and Brazilian companies. The manner of securing a debenture can improve a company’s capital structure and maintain its ownership structure while diversify risk. Most credible companies have better opportunities because they implement good corporate governance practices that tend to provide instruments to ensure greater protection for their creditors. Motivated by this, our research makes a multi-case analysis of Brazilian and American companies with respect to the characteristics of their corporate governance mechanisms during security emission processes. The methodology is based on the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean index, a quantitative tool that was developed to measure governance and the internal control of risk levels. The results show differences in governance between these countries. Two possible causes of this difference are the market’s most selective characteristics and internationalization, which require Brazilian companies to adapt to global rules
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Frazer, William, Donald R. Stabile i Jeffrey A. Cantor. "The Public Debt of the United States: An Historical Perspective, 1775-1990". Southern Economic Journal 59, nr 2 (październik 1992): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1060545.
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HORRIGAN, BRIAN R. "THE DETERMINANTS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1953-1978". Economic Inquiry 24, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1986.tb01794.x.
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Carlson, Susan M. "The U.S. Student Loan Debt Crisis: State Crime or State-Produced Harm?" Journal of White Collar and Corporate Crime 1, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631309x20921567.
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The unprecedented US$1.64 trillion level of student loan debt in the United States can be linked to the neoliberal process of privatization of higher education. But is the U.S. student loan debt crisis a state crime? This article examines the social harm student loan debt has caused; proposes an explanation for the shift to debt-financed, commodified public higher education; reveals government disinvestment in public higher education; details the transition of public higher education as a public good to higher education as a commodity financed with debt; and describes Obama administration reforms and De Vos/Trump administration attempts at policy rollback and further privatization. I situate the U.S. student loan debt crisis case in recent debates about crime, social harm, and zemiology.
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Octaria, Rany, Allison Chan i Marion Kainer. "Carbapenemase Production and Mortality Risk Among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Cases in Tennessee, United States". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (październik 2020): s150—s151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.669.
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Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an urgent public health threat associated with poor patient outcomes. CRE that produce carbapenemase (CP-CRE) are of particular concern because the mechanism-conferring genes in plasmids can be transferred to other bacteria. CRE are reportable in Tennessee (TN); isolate submission is required for CP production and resistance mechanism testing. We aimed to compare patient characteristics and outcomes between CP-CRE and non–CP-CRE patients to guide potential public health interventions. Methods: A retrospective cohort study to compare 30-day mortality, and clinical characteristics of CP-CRE to non–CP-CRE patients was conducted. Laboratory data were gathered from CRE isolates of Tennessee residents from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2018. The most recent Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists CRE and CP-CRE case definition was used to confirm and classify cases. Healthcare exposures within 1 year prior to onset, demographic characteristics, and clinical characteristics were obtained by linking surveillance data with the inpatient and outpatient Tennessee hospital discharge data. Cases were also matched with Tennessee vital statistics data to determine all-cause 30-day mortality from the event date. We evaluated risk ratios of 30-day mortality with a multivariable regression model. Results: Among 1,034 CRE cases that had at least 1 isolate submitted to public health, 445 (43.0%) were CP-CRE and 589 (57.0%) were non–CP-CRE. Among CP-CRE isolates, the blaKPC gene was found in 434 (98.9%). CP-CRE cases were more likely to have isolates from normally sterile sites, to have an organism with elevated resistance to meropenem (minimum inhibitory concentration, >16 µg/mL), to have prior admission to a long-term acute-care hospital, and to live in a nursing home (all P < .001). Also, 77 CP-CRE cases (17.3%) and 56 non–CP-CRE cases (9.6%) died within 30 days of infection onset. The risk of 30-day mortality was 57% higher for CP-CRE (adjusted risk ratio, 1.57; 95% CI:, 1.10–2.23) compared to non–CP-CRE patients after adjusting for comorbidities, nursing home residence, and prior healthcare exposures. Conclusions: CP-CRE cases had poorer outcomes than non–CP-CRE cases. This may be related in part to a higher proportion of sterile site infections among CP-CRE cases; our study was underpowered to analyze this subpopulation of sterile site cases. We plan to continue monitoring and performing analyses as mortality and hospital discharge data from more recent years become available and as more cases accumulate.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Richard, Patrick, Nilam Patel, Yuan-Chiao Lu, Regine Walker i Mustafa Younis. "The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 7 (5.04.2021): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073790.
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This study examined the relationship between a diagnosis of cancer and the likelihood of having any out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) and medical debt, and the amounts of OOPC and medical debt, at the household level. We used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a continuous, representative panel survey that collects demographic, economic, and social data in the United States. The analytic sample included head of households and their spouse (if married), 18–64 years old. Two-part models were used. The first part consisted of logistic regression models and the second part consisted of generalized linear models with logarithmic link and a gamma distribution. Logistic regression results showed odds of 2.13 (CI: 1.27, 3.57, p < 0.01) for any OOPC and odds of 1.55 (CI: 0.93, 2.58, p < 0.1) for any medical debt for households in which either the head or spouse (if married) reported a diagnosis of cancer compared to those that did not report a diagnosis of cancer. Likewise, results from the second part of the model for households with a positive amount of OOPC showed an exponentiated coefficient of 1.73 (CI: 1.33, 2.25, p < 0.01) for households in which either the head or spouse (if married) reported a diagnosis of cancer compared to households without a diagnosis of cancer. This study shows that a diagnosis of cancer places a financial burden on families, particularly with all types of debt, in the United States even after controlling for differences between households with a diagnosis of cancer and those without a diagnosis of cancer.
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Kia, Amir. "Impact of Public Debt, Deficit and Debt Financing on Private Investment in a Large Country: Evidence from the United States". World Journal of Applied Economics 6, nr 2 (23.11.2020): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22440/wjae.6.2.3.
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This paper analyses the direct impact of fiscal variables on private investment. The current literature ignores one or more fiscal variables and, in many cases, the foreign financing of debt. In this paper, an aggregate investment function for an economy in which firms incur adjustment costs in their investment process is developed. The developed model incorporates the direct impact of government expenditure, public debt and investment, deficits and foreign-financed debt on private investment. The model is tested on US data. It is found that public investment does not have any impact on private investment, but government expenditure, deficit, debt and foreign-financed debt crowd out private investment over the long run. However, deficit crowds in the private investment over the short run.
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Davydov, Andrey. "Inflation in the United States: Will it Come Back?" Russia and America in the 21st Century, nr 3 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760026337-7.
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This article covers the major trends and changes in consumer price development in the US economy during 2022-2023. The major incentive for American inflation is a great increase in the budget deficit and public debt. The author considers that further growth of federal debt will become an obstacle to the problem of inflation targeting. Presently Federal Reserve System is financing government debt by purchasing Treasure notes. To provide these activities FRS has to increase money volume in circulation. In fact this monetary policy has significant negative effects on US inflation. Traditional corporations have also some possibilities to increase their sale prices and to accelerate inflation. Oil prices, which have tendency to grow, are considered to add some value to current inflation. In the Section 2 the major points of Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) are being analyzed. IRA is considered to be a remarkable law which aims to curb inflation by reducing budget deficit and investing into domestic energy production. According to the Budget Office, this Act will raise 738 billion dollars and authorize 391 billion dollars on energy change and 238 billion dollars in deficit reduction and tax reform. The law includes a large expansion and modernization efforts for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). In the Section 3 the problem of imported inflation is being analyzed. The estimates prove that in 2015-2022 U.S. export pr ices grew much faster than import prices. In the result US terms of trade improved and in fact United States exported inflation trends to other countries. Expensive dollar accelerated this process.
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Chuvakhina, L. G., i L. M. Kupriyanova. "Debt Policy in Modern Conditions of the world Economy Development". World of new economy 16, nr 3 (13.10.2022): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-3-85-95.
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The purpose of this article is to identify the main subjects of the debt economy of Russia and the USA. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the disclosure of the mechanism of activity of the US Federal Reserve System (FRS) as a subject of the debt economy, the main holder of public debt and the guarantor of dollar fnancing. The article considers measures of federal budget support, defnes the conditions of growth of federal debt of the United States, the influence of the fnancial policy of the FRS on the state of public debt. The author’s position on strengthening the role of the FRS in management of economic processes is substantiated.
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Boskin, Michael J., i Laurence J. Kotlikoff. "Public debt and United States saving: A new test of the neutrality hypothesis". Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 23 (styczeń 1985): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(85)90005-3.
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Chuvakhina, Larisa G. "THE IMPACT OF SLOWING ECONOMIC GROWTH ON ITS ENERGY INTENSITY". SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, nr 1 (2022): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2022-1-06.
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The article examines the US budget policy, reveals the reasons for the growth of public debt. It is emphasized that, despite the annual persistence of the budget imbalance and the ever-growing public debt, the US economy is gradually emerging from the crisis caused by COVID19. The impossibility of a default in the United States with a very significant public debt can be explained by the peculiarity of the effective mechanism of the US Federal Reserve for the implementation of monetary policy. The financial regulator can issue dollars at any time by buying government bonds. In other words, the United States has the ability to borrow money and repay it in the national currency. The US economic policy is increasingly influenced by the Fed by changing the volume of the money supply through transactions with Treasury bonds. In recent years, there has been a weakening of interest on the part of foreign investors in the acquisition of US debt securities. The presence on the US debt market of such leading financial players as China, OPEC countries, Russia has decreased. This is largely due to geopolitical factors, the situation on the world oil market, and fluctuations in national exchange rates. It is concluded that the influence of the Fed on the economic processes taking place in the current conditions of the development of the world economy is growing.
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Selmanaj, Dr Sc Selman, Donika Limani i Pëllumb Reshidi. "A macro analysis of the united states recoverywith a particular focus on public debt". ILIRIA International Review 2, nr 1 (30.06.2012): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i1.162.
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The intention of this paper is to analyze the lingering effects of the 2008 crisis in the United States and the implication they have on the policies undertaken by the Obama administration. A particular focus is given to the debt accumulation and how that relates to the challenges of the long run development of the American economy. The first part of this paper will give a brief overview of some of the elements central to the causes of the crisis, namely the centralization of wealth and its implication for the unsustainable consumption patterns. It will then follow to consider how the previous issues relate to the weak aggregate demand and the expansionary policies used to tackle it. Additionally, an overview of the crisis effect on the already troubled labor market is laid out in the third part. After exploring the interventionist policies used by the US administration in the after-crisis period, we move on to the presing issue of debt and possible scenarios that may arise in case it is not seriously addressed.
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Ari, Ibrahim, i Muammer Koc. "Sustainable Financing for Sustainable Development: Understanding the Interrelations between Public Investment and Sovereign Debt". Sustainability 10, nr 11 (26.10.2018): 3901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113901.
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This study investigates the causal relationship between public investment and sovereign debt (i.e., external and domestic public debt) with respect to the limits of public-debt sustainability for four countries with the highest GDP (i.e., the United States, China, Japan, Germany) during the period of 2000–2015. In summary, this study establishes quantitative evidence based on empirical findings to support the claim that sovereign debt is harmful to the financing of public infrastructure if it breaches certain thresholds, as proposed in this study, and according to the literature. By this approach, the findings enable us to make recommendations about the need for mobilizing domestic resources and innovating new financial models to promote sustainable development within the limits of sustainable public debt. In short, this paper concludes that performing a project for sustainable development by implementing unsustainable financing models will always end up with unsustainable economic outcomes.
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Park, Chulwoo, i Eric Coles. "The Impact of Student Debt on Career Choices among Doctor of Public Health Graduates in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 8 (15.04.2022): 4836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084836.
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(1) Background: As gaps in the public health workforce grow in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, graduates of the schools of public health, especially Doctors of Public Health (DrPH), are poised to offer relief. While there are some known recruitment issues, student debt and debt impact on career choices are understudied. (2) Methods: In the present study, we perform a descriptive analysis of the potential impact of student debt on career choices among DrPH students and alumni in the United States using a cross-sectional national online survey. A total of 203 participants (66: alumni and 137: current students) completed the survey. Descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test of independence, and content analysis were used to analyze the funding situation and its impact on career choices. (3) Results: We found that (1) 72% of current DrPH students have zero funding support for their degree, (2) scholarship opportunities for a DrPH degree are limited, especially when compared to PhD programs, and (3) student debt impacts 59% of DrPH students’ and 29% of DrPH graduates’ career choices (about 49% of all respondents). (4) Conclusions: Student debt and a misunderstanding of DrPH are likely impediments to DrPH graduates participating in the public health workforce.
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Wielechowski, Michał. "General government deficit and public debt in EU member states". Oeconomia Copernicana 2, nr 4 (31.12.2011): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2011.016.
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The aim of this article is the presentation and the attempt to analyse such phenomena as: an excessive general government deficit and public debt in EU Member States over the past 3 years. For the European Union the years 2008-2010 were the time when public finances of most member countries worsened dramatically. The average budget deficit in the EU increased during that period to a value of almost 7% compared to gross domestic product and public debt reached almost 80% of GDP. Referring the numbers to the principles of the budgetary policy in the Treaty on the European Union (the deficit should not exceed 3% in relation to GDP and public debt – 60% of GDP), the observance of budgetary discipline has been significantly violated. In consequence, the excessive deficit procedure has been initiated. in relation to almost all the countries of the EU, Its purpose was to force the member countries to take concrete actions to stabilize public finances. The economic crisis that began in the second half of 2007 in the United States of America which resulted in a significant deterioration of the finances of all the EU member countries might be regarded as the major source of violation of their budgetary discipline. The reactions of most governments TO the harmful effects caused by the financial crisis were to stimulate national economies and stem the decline of domestic demand. The higher level of public expenditures was simultaneously the cause of increased budget deficits,. To develop and present the problem of an excessive budget deficit and public debt in the EU countries some statistical methods were used and the data source statistics were mainly carried out by the European Commission and the European Statistical Office.
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Mason, J. W., i Arjun Jayadev. "“Fisher Dynamics” in US Household Debt, 1929–2011". American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 6, nr 3 (1.07.2014): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.6.3.214.
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The evolution of debt-income ratios over time depends on income growth, inflation, and interest rates, independent of any changes in borrowing. We examine the effect of these “Fisher dynamics” on household debt-income ratios in the United States over the period 1929–2011. Adapting a standard decomposition of public debt to household sector debt, we show that these factors explain, in accounting terms, a large fraction of the changes in household debt-income ratios observed historically. More recently, debt defaults have also been important. Changes in household debt-income ratios over time cannot be straightforwardly interpreted as reflecting shifts in the supply and demand of household credit. (JEL D14, E21, E31, E43, H63, N32)
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Garcia, Manuel Jaen. "The Sustainability of Public Finances in Spain". Applied Economics and Finance 7, nr 6 (23.10.2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i6.5054.
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Concern regarding deficits in the public accounts in Europe and the United States has led politicians and researchers to consider sustainability of fiscal policy understood as the fulfillment of the intertemporal budget constraint established by the government which indicates the extent to which accumulated and future debt can be paid for by means of current and future taxes, and also cover standard public expenditures.The present article analyzes the sustainability of the national deficit in Spain for the period 1960-2016 by considering public revenue and spending in both real terms and percentages of gross domestic product using data from diverse Spanish sources. It utilizes the equations formulated by Quintos and adapts them when using variables as percentages of gross domestic product. This work concludes that Spanish debt is barely sustainable, which implies the need to instate fiscal reforms or, at least, make an effort towards consolidation.This result is accord with the situation of Spanish debt and deficit in the period after the crisis of 2008.
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Darlington, Caroline K., Peggy A. Compton i Sadie P. Hutson. "Revisiting the Fetal Assault Law in Tennessee: Implications and the Way Forward". Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 22, nr 2 (10.02.2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154421989994.
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The rising prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among those living in the United States has demanded a collaborative response from health care and policy spheres. Addressing OUD among pregnant women is especially difficult, given the controversies surrounding the medical and ethical balance between meeting maternal versus fetal/newborn needs. Most medical organizations discourage the criminalization of drug use in pregnancy due to the adverse public health outcomes of such an approach. Despite this recommendation, many states continue to use punitive law to address drug use in pregnancy. In 2014, the Fetal Assault Law in Tennessee (TN) became the first law in the United States to directly allow women to be prosecuted for drug use in pregnancy. Since its expiration in 2016, this law has been re-introduced several times to the TN legislature in support of permanent implementation. This article outlines the impact of the initial Fetal Assault Law on maternal/newborn health in TN and provides alternative immediate, short-term, and long-term health policy strategies through which health care providers and legislators can better advocate for the well-being of both mothers with OUD and their infants.
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Vásquez, Antonio L. "Global Studies and Community Engagement through Migration with Dignity in Middle Tennessee". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 16, nr 1-3 (7.04.2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341420.
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Since the decade of the 1990s, Tennessee has been recognized as one of the fastest growing receiving states for recent migrant populations at the regional and national level in the United States. In concert with this transformative demographic change, state residents have also witnessed a rise of political nativism in the form of in-state, anti-immigrant legislation and dehumanization of the other. This article seeks to offer insights from coordinating a community-based global studies class project that centers on the experiences and perspectives of recent migrants and their families living in the state, which in turns contributes to a different public conversation at the local level.
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Bhattacharjee, Subhomoy, i Dakshita Das. "Trends in Public Debt in India: Lessons from Greek Crisis?" Journal of Development Policy and Practice 2, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133316676418.
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There is not much new in the divide in economic literature between fiscal and monetary policy; what is new post-2008 is the emergence of the role of money supply and that of public debt to prominence as the instrument of choice for central banks and the government treasury. To a large degree, money supply and public debt now eclipsed the central role variables such as tax and interest rates had played in the setting of economic policies in countries both developed and developing. While literature is evaluating how the change in the role of these stock parameters to that of policy variables will play out, this article takes up the more mundane task of examining only one of them, which is public debt in the context of India. We believe that there is a key reason to do so. The Indian government has not used public debt as an active policy tool, so far, even as several countries have begun to do so ( Mohanty, 2012 ). Instead, it has held on to a general desideratum of the need to reduce it; borne out of the scare of the balance of payments crisis of 1991. But 25 years after the crisis, it is important to examine if there is a conscious understanding within the government for the need to measure and deploy public debt especially as the room for active deployment of other fiscal tools, namely taxation is circumscribed. By FY14 India’s public debt (centre and states combined), as percentage of GDP, stood at 66.7 per cent; it was 70.6 per cent in FY09. For the sake of comparison, the world’s most indebted countries include Greece, of course, with its general government net debt at 173 per cent of its GDP. Others in the top 20 include Italy, Egypt, Portugal, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States of America. By current estimates, India does not rank amongst the most indebted countries of the world. But is the position, one of strength or of a passive arrival that offers little or no policy direction to the government? Moreover, this article also argues that in the absence of such direction, there has been a build-up of debt in the economy instead of a reduction. Most of that build-up has been sought to be balanced by recourse to non-tax revenue. As fresh options to tap non-tax revenue dry up, public debt could emerge as the new pressure point for the economy.
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Wilson, Gene, i Gene D. Sullivan. "Agricultural Banks in the Southeast and Nation: A Study in Contrasts". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 18, nr 1 (lipiec 1986): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200005380.
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With public attention increasingly focused on the farm financial crisis, it seems fitting to examine in some depth the financial positions and lending experiences of agricultural banks. We will briefly present our perceptions of the farm situation and why conditions have deteriorated in the farm sector over the past decade. An overall look at national and regional farm debt follows with emphasis on the share extended by commercial banks. Following a look at the general banking environment, we then turn to a comprehensive examination of the situation in the Southeast defined here as the states partially or totally included in the Sixth Federal Reserve District (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee).
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Cravens, L. Daniel. "Marketing’s Debt to World War I". International Journal of Business & Management Studies 05, nr 02 (12.02.2024): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v5n2a8.
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World War I was a global conflict produced blood filled trenches, battlefields of dead, and mangled soldiers. Some may feel that this war has little to do with the field of marketing. However, marketing played a key role in the war. Despite the important role of marketing in the war, scholars have not fully explored the impact of promotion and propaganda on the war effort. Marketing efforts related to World War I may not have had the impact as the millions of soldiers who took active part in the conflict. It did however play an important role in the filling the ranks of the armed forces of the nations involved in the war. The United States, and other nations, during the war developed increasingly more sophisticated marketing, public relations, and propaganda campaigns in order to culturally mobilize the home front, and to recruit additional fresh troops into the conflict in those nations which did not engage in conscription. Efforts to market World War I helped develop marketing tactics used today to brand and publicize products and services. A key figure in the efforts to market World War I to the American public was George Creel. Creel was the head of the Committee on Public Information. Creel was a successful promoter and champion of many of the reform causes of the early part of the 20th Century. Creel’s marketing efforts impact on America’s role in World War I was indeed significant. The topic of this paper is the impact of World War I on the development of marketing related tools and techniques. Many of the techniques and tools developed during the Great War are still used today to sell products, in the United States and in the rest of the world presently. Much of this paper will focus on the efforts of George Creel and the Committee on Public Information efforts to promote World War I, and how this organization impacted the development of marketing during its short existence.
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Vasiliev, V. S. "Federal debt pyramid and record budget deficits as a threat to national security of the USA". Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), nr 11 (18.11.2022): 804–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2211-04.
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The article analyzes the transformation of the problem of federal debt and budget defi cits in the United States from a sphere that has a purely economic dimension to the most acute task of ensuring the US national security. It is emphasized that the main demarcation line that predetermined the distinction between the purely economic dimension of the problem of debts and defi cits and national economic security was the ratio of federal debt to GDP, equal to 119 %, recorded in the mid-1940s after the end of World War II. This indicator was considered a benchmark for the historical strength and stability of the entire US federal fi nance system. Before the start of the fi nancial and economic crisis of 2020–2021, provoked by COVID-19 pandemic, the United States believed that they had about 10–15 years during which they could solve the problem of debts and defi cits relatively painlessly, but already in 2020 as a result "Super-aggressive" fi scal policy aimed at keeping the American economy afl oat, the United States has come close to the debt-to-GDP ratio of 130 %. Forecasts by federal government offi cials indicate that the debtto- GDP ratio will not fall below this level over the next 30 years, leaving the federal fi nance system highly vulnerable to shocks and economic blows that could potentially lead to a sudden collapse of the accumulated debt pyramid. The rapid transformation of the situation with debts and defi cits into the most acute problem of national economic security has already led to an almost complete paralysis of fiscal policy, which, in the context of the recession of 2022, turned out to be almost completely devoid of a countercyclical orientation. In addition, the US Federal Reserve took the path of using inflation to reduce the debt burden on the US economy, which predetermined the formation of a "toxic" inflationary environment both in the US and in the global economy in the near foreseeable future. The debt trap that the United States fell into at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century predetermined the extremely aggressive forms of US behavior in the system of international economic relations, including the unleashing of economic wars, with the ultimate goal of demonstrating to the world community that the United States will never, under any circumstances, pay off their accumulated public debt, as well as the debts of other sectors of the US economy.
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Aguzarova, Larisa A., i Batraz O. Cheldiev. "The Impact of Government Debt Obligations on the Financial Stability of Russia and Individual European Countries". Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, nr 2 (25.06.2024): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2024-2-109-116.
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The article is devoted to the impact of government debt obligations on the financial stability of the country and to the analysis of methods for effectively reducing the debt burden on the budget of Russia and a number of European countries. The subject of the study is the public debt of Russia and individual European countries. Studying methods for effectively managing state debt obligations allows us to identify good practices both in Russia and in European countries. When writing this article, the analytical method, graphical analysis, comparison and generalization were used. The financial stability of the state is achieved through effective management of public debt in accordance with the needs of financing the state budget at an acceptable level of expenditure in the medium and long term and while limiting the risks involved. The reasons for the increase in the volume of government debt obligations of the budget may be declining business activity and, as a consequence, a decrease in budget revenues, an increase in budget expenditures, including in the context of overcoming the crisis, as well as the need to pay off the primary deficit. Methods have been formulated to effectively reduce the debt burden on the budget of Russia and a number of European countries by reducing risks, strict control, and introducing measures to restructure public debt. The growth of public debt is an important indicator of a country’s economy. United Nations experts predict a significant economic slowdown in developed countries, as well as an uncertain economic outlook in developing countries. Rapid interest rate increases by central banks in major developed countries, most notably in the United States of America, to suppress inflation have led to capital outflows and currency depreciation in developing countries, making it more difficult for them to access imports and increasing external debt payments.
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Misztal, Piotr. "Public Debt and Economic Growth in the European Union. Empirical Investigation". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (5.01.2021): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.21.
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The relatively high sizes of public debts in many of the world's member states have led to frequentdebates concerning the influence of public debt on economic growth. Analyzing economic literature it can beseen, that theoretical and empirical considerations on this topic are divided into three main parties. The firstpart of analyzes is the work of the Keynesians, which emphasizes that the budget deficit as well as the publicdebt positively affects the economic development of the country, mainly through the impact of the budgetexpenditure multiplier. The opposite view on budget deficits and public debt is represented by the neoclassicalschool, who argue that the budget deficit and public debt can have negative impact on economic growth.Conversely, proponents of the Ricardian equivalence concept believe that budget deficits and public debt areneutral for economic growth. These three mentioned above approaches to the budget deficit and public debtproblem have led to many debates at home and abroad about the importance of budget deficit and public debt inthe process of economic growth and economic development of the country. The main objective of the study isto determine the impact of the foreign debt and home debt on economic activity of the country, based on theexample of the 27 member countries of the European Union (without United Kingdom) in the period 2006-2017. The statistics came from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and International Monetary Funddatabase (World Economic Outlook).
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Kenworthy, Nora, i Mark Igra. "Medical Crowdfunding and Disparities in Health Care Access in the United States, 2016‒2020". American Journal of Public Health 112, nr 3 (marzec 2022): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306617.
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Objectives. To assess whether medical crowdfunding use and outcomes are aligned with health financing needs in the United States. Methods. We collected data on 437 596 US medical GoFundMe campaigns between 2016 and 2020. In addition to summarizing trends in campaign initiation and earnings, we used state- and county-level data to assess whether crowdfunding usage and earnings were higher in areas with greater medical debt, uninsured populations, and poverty. Results. Campaigns raised more than $2 billion from 21.7 million donations between 2016 and 2020. Returns were highly unequal, and success was low, especially in 2020: only 12% of campaigns met their goals, and 16% received no donations at all. Campaigns in 2020 raised substantially less money in areas with more medical debt, higher uninsurance rates, and lower incomes. Conclusions. Despite its popularity and portrayals as an ad-hoc safety net, medical crowdfunding is misaligned with key indicators of health financing needs in the United States. It is best positioned to help in populations that need it the least. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):491–498. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306617 )
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Cernasev, Alina, Crystal Walker, Caylin Kerr, Rachel E. Barenie, Drew Armstrong i Jay Golden. "Tennessee Pharmacists’ Opinions on Barriers and Facilitators to Initiate PrEP: A Qualitative Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 14 (10.07.2022): 8431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148431.
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended to prevent the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although an effective treatment, the uptake in the United States remains low. Pharmacists are well-positioned to initiate the conversation with patients about PrEP, but few studies exist exploring their unique roles. The objective of this study was to characterize Tennessee pharmacists’ perceptions about access to PrEP. A qualitative study was used to gather the data that consisted of virtual Focus Groups over four months in 2021 from practicing Tennessee pharmacists. Emails were sent to all Tennessee licensed pharmacists to recruit them to participate in the study. Recruitment continued until Thematic Saturation was obtained. The corpus of data was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by the research team. Thematic Analysis revealed two themes: (1) Barriers to accessing PrEP; (2) Potential solutions to address barriers identified. These findings highlighted barriers and identified solutions to improve access to PrEP in Tennessee; additional financial assistance programs and marketing programs targeting patients and providers are needed to enhance PrEP access.
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Mamudu, Hadii M., Fenose Osedeme, Crystal Robertson, Mary Ann Littleton, Daniel Owusu, Liang Wang i Donley T. Studlar. "A Qualitative Study to Explore Perception of Impacts of Preemption of Tobacco Regulation on Counties in Appalachian Tennessee". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 9 (6.05.2020): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093230.
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Bottom-up processes, starting at the local government level, are valuable for more-stringent tobacco control measures. The existence of industry-backed state-level tobacco control preemption in states has impeded policy progress within the state and localities/communities. A national public health goal under Healthy People 2020 is to eliminate state-level preemption across the United States. This study explored individual-level perceptions of the impact of state-level preemption in Appalachian Tennessee—a high-smoking, low-income region. During 2015–2016, a community-engagement project to develop a Population Health Improvement Plan (PHIP) involving over 200 stakeholders and 90 organizations was conducted in Appalachian Tennessee to identify policies/programs to address tobacco use. Using a multifaceted framework approach that focused on prevention, protection, and cessation, interviews and meeting discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Content analysis using NVivo 11 was conducted to generate themes. Although the central focus of the PHIP was not preemption, the issue emerged naturally in the discussions as a major concern among participants. Cultural and normative factors in Appalachian Tennessee were identified as key rationales for participants’ aversion to state preemption. Thus, repealing preemption would facilitate culturally tailored and region-specific policies/programs to the high tobacco use among Appalachian Tennessee communities where statewide/nationwide policies/programs have not had the intended impacts.
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Cernasev, Alina, Rachel E. Barenie, Breanne R. Wofford, Jay Golden i Crystal Walker. "Empowering Tennessee Pharmacists to Initiate PrEP Using Collaborative Pharmacy Practice Agreements". Clinics and Practice 13, nr 1 (15.02.2023): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13010025.
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Background: The uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has revolutionized the fight against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. Consistent obstacles remain that have influenced the slow uptake of PrEP in the United States of America (USA). In order to address these barriers, pharmacists must be included in the dispensing and management of PrEP through collaborative pharmacy practice agreements (CPPAs). Our aim for this study was to characterize pharmacists’ perceptions of initiating PrEP through a CPPA in the state of Tennessee. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in the USA in 2021 with pharmacists practicing in Tennessee. A framework and specific questions guided the thematic analysis. The words and phrases were coded inductively and later collapsed into categories and placed into emergent themes. Results: Two themes illustrate the voices of practicing pharmacists’ integration in the dispensing and management of PrEP: (1) Learning from other states and previous successful CPPAs to advance and expand innovative models of patient care and (2) advocacy through public policy change to empower pharmacists to initiate PrEP. Conclusion: This qualitative study focused on exploring pharmacists’ perceptions on the opportunity of initiating PrEP through a CPPA in Tennessee. These findings highlight the preparedness of pharmacists to advocate for easier initiative of PrEP in pharmacies across Tennessee, whether through relaxing existing CPPA regulation or pursuing independent prescriptive authority for pharmacists.
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Hormel, Leontina, i Lynn M. McAlister. "“These Are the Choices We’ve Made”". Humanity & Society 41, nr 3 (5.04.2016): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597616639623.
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This study uses surveys and in-depth interviews to explore professors’ student loan debt experiences at a university in the Northwest United States, focusing attention on their perceptions of fellow colleagues’ experiences. Having been long-term students in higher education themselves, professors’ student loan debt has increased with the trend toward privatization and corporatization of higher education over the last several decades. Interviews reveal professors’ tendency to disassociate their colleagues’ student loan debt experiences from the public issue of rising higher education costs. We find that a university culture imbued with market ethos shapes their explanations for professors’ student loan debt, rationalizing debt as a result of poor spending habits or career choices. These explanations detract from the public issue of rising education costs being shouldered increasingly by students and their families, which we contend will result in excluding minority groups’ access to the profession and limiting diversity in higher education and research.
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Aksenov, P. A. "TRUMP’S TAX REFORM AND AMERICAN BUSINESS". International Trade and Trade Policy, nr 2 (6.07.2018): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-2-91-103.
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The key aim of the Trump’s large-scale tax reform is to stimulate economic growth by lowering tax rates and providing tax deductions. The article examines the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on American business and macroeconomic indicators. Reduced tax rates create significant advantages for companies doing business in the United States. Companies, primarily small businesses, expected to use additional cash for capital investments and development. Lowering tax rates will attract large corporations to invest in opening new facilities in the United States. The author analyzed the expert assessments and US GDP growth forecasts in the current and alternative scenario, as well as the impact of the Act on the growth of budget expenditures. Reform requires significant expenses and will cause budget deficit and public debt growth in the coming years, which can completely neutralize the positive effects at the micro level in the long term. However, tax incentives trigger market growth mechanisms in the economy, which helps to make the problem of growing public debt manageable and to overcome cyclical economic crises with less losses.
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Jovanovski, MSc Vlatko, MSc Gabriela Suteva, MSc Verica A. Jovanovska i MSc Todor Cekerovski. "A macro analysis of the united states recovery with a particular focus on public debt". ILIRIA International Review 2, nr 1 (30.06.2012): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i1.165.
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Given the fact that after global economic crisis the enterprises still feels the consequences, best for them is to transforms organization structure in order to adapt to new conditions at domestic and the international market.Scientific paper gives special emphasis to the development of new market strategies supported by information technology infrastructure, highlighting the function of information technologies as a key driver of competitive strength of enterprises participating in international trade and its impact on organizational adaptation and the demands of international market.
46
Doroudi, Maryam, Diarmuid Coughlan, Matthew P. Banegas i K. Robin Yabroff. "Is cancer history associated with asset ownership, debt, and net worth in the United States?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2017): e18085-e18085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18085.
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e18085 Background: Financial hardships experienced by cancer survivors in the United States have become significant social and public health issues. Few studies have assessed the underlying financial holdings, including ownership and values of assets and debts, of individuals following a cancer diagnosis. This study assessed the association between a cancer history and asset ownership, debt, and net worth. Methods: We identified 1,603 cancer survivors and 34,915 individuals without a history of cancer aged 18-64 from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component and Asset sections (years 2008-2011). Descriptive statistics were used to assess demographic characteristics, cancer history, asset ownership, debt, and net worth by cancer history. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between cancer history and net worth, stratified by age group (18-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years) to reflect stages of the life-course. Results: Asset ownership was least common for cancer survivors and individuals without a cancer history in the 18-34 age group and most common in the 55-64 age group. Cancers survivors aged 45-54 had a lower proportion of home ownership than individuals without a cancer history (59% vs 67%; p = 0.001). Nearly 20% of all respondents reported at least some debt. The proportion of cancer survivors with debt was higher than individuals without a history of cancer, especially in the 18-34 age group (41% vs 27%; p < 0.001), although it did not vary by age group. When asset and debt values were combined to assess net worth, cancer survivors aged 45-54 were significantly more likely to have a negative net worth and significantly less likely to have a positive net worth than those individuals without a history of cancer in fully adjusted models. Findings on net worth were similar in the 18-34 age group, although only statistically significant in unadjusted and partially adjusted models. Conclusions: We found that cancer history is associated with asset ownership, debt, and net worth, especially in those aged 45-54 years. Longitudinal studies to assess patterns of financial holdings throughout the cancer experience are warranted.
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Barrett, Tristam. "“Your debts are our problem”". Focaal 2020, nr 87 (1.06.2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.012801.
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AbstractUnlike in other countries with debt-saddled populations, the issue of consumer debt has been weakly politicized in Azerbaijan. There have been no social movements of the kind that occurred around the financial crises in the United States, the European periphery, or even in Ukraine's post-revolution attempt at a “financial Maidan.” The lack of a public politics of debt left banks to act as predators, using a weak court system to intimidate people and obtain repayment of debts. Yet the constraints to the public sphere within which a contentious politics might unfold does not mean no such politicization exists. Using the example of Antikollektor, a successful anti-debt-collection agency in Baku, this article demonstrates the usefulness of building an understanding of civil society outside of the reductivist frames that shape recent debates over the authoritarian backlash against foreign-funded organized civil society in the former Eastern Bloc.
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Collom, Gresham D. "A Quasi-Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Tennessee Promise on Postsecondary Career and Technical Education Enrollment Responses". Career and Technical Education Research 46, nr 3 (1.12.2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5328/cter46.3.3.
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In this study I deployed quasi-experimental methods to explore the effect of the implementation of a statewide free-college program, Tennessee Promise, on enrollment in postsecondary career and technical education programs. State policymakers implemented the Tennessee Promise, a free-college program for recent high school graduates attending public, two-year institutions, in 2015. As postsecondary attainment in the United States falls short of workforce needs, there has been an increased focus on postsecondary career and technical education credentials and degrees linking workforce needs directly with educational programs (Lumina, 2019; Perkins V, 2019). However, it is currently unknown whether access to statewide free-college funding impacts enrollment in postsecondary career and technical education. In this study, I use federal data to estimate the causal effect of Tennessee Promise on postsecondary career and technical education enrollment. Findings from the analysis show a small but insignificant increase in Tennessee after the implementation of the grant when compared to both the national control group and the contiguous control group. I discuss the implications for research and practice, and how promise programs may be leveraged more effectively moving forward to improve outcomes in postsecondary career and technical education.
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Montgomerie, Johnna. "Giving Credit where it's Due: Public Policy and Household Debt in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada". Policy and Society 25, nr 3 (styczeń 2006): 109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1449-4035(06)70085-6.
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50
Graeber, David. "Value, politics and democracy in the United States". Current Sociology 59, nr 2 (marzec 2011): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392110391151.
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This article examines the role of values in the political discourse of the last decade in the US. It embarks from what many observers had described as a puzzle: the fact that significant parts of the American working class voted against their economic interests but in line with what they perceived to be their values. As a result, a president had been re-elected who cut taxes for the rich while waging an expensive war in Iraq and increasing public debt to historically unprecedented levels. It is argued that large sectors of the white American working class were disappointed with liberal politicians because they associated them with a cultural elite that occupied positions in society that allowed them to pursue careers of intrinsic value in the arts, science, or politics but which were largely closed to the working class. It is thus suggested that the ‘culture wars’ in the US are better interpreted as a struggle over access to the means to behave altruistically. The article rejects the widespread assumption that individuals are narrowly conceived economic self-interest maximizers. Rather, it suggests that human fulfilment can be related to the satisfaction derived from working for the common good.