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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Deaf Societies"
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Raponi, Martina. "New Noises New Voices". Revista Música 20, nr 1 (9.07.2020): 401–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/rm.v20i1.170779.
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As an artist interested in Noise, and a CODA (child of deaf adults), I will tackle the issue of noise and counterculture from the entry point of deafness and un-cultured voices. In ableist societies the voice is a cultural product, and certain voices, perceived as “other”, flawed, “noisy”, can open up discourses related to shared sonic spaces, disruption, and inclusivity. Soundscape is here described as a social and political environment, and the bodies immersed in it are considered according to the entire spectrum of their capacities, beyond listening, in rhythmanalytical terms. Soundscape, understood within the thresholds of audibility, expels and rejects communities which carry the stigma of “handicap”, such as Deaf communities. This theoretical exercise is accompanied by examples from contemporary art and technological-historical references, pointing at “acts of silencing” and “acts of noising”, while underlining the value of “deviant” bodies as resistant bodies. The paper ends with the testimony of a Deaf dancer who used my writings to produce her last two shows. I will refer to the audiological deaf using the lowercase, and capitalize the linguistic minority: Deaf. Despite being considered disabled, or deviant, Deaf bodies are the last example of countercultural agents in all-speaking and all-hearing ableist societies.
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BUGROVSKY, ALEKSANDR. "VALUES OF ALL-RUSSIAN SOCIETAL ORGANIZATIONS OF DISABLED PEOPLE IN INTERACTION WITH STATE AUTHORITIES". Sociopolitical Sciences 12, nr 3 (28.06.2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-3-39-51.
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Studying the issues of interaction between authorities and social and political groups there is a gap of understanding which values All-Russian organizations of disabled are guided in interaction with state authorities on the issues of social protection of the disabled. This article is devoted to answer this question by analyzing values of All-Russian Societies of Disabled, Blind, Deaf broadcasted in interaction with the state authorities on the level of collective actors. The study presented a methodology of values’ analysis. The array of data was collected, and a mixed analysis was carried out - content analysis of documents and a quantitative analysis of values indicators, and its visualization. The study traced dominance of “dominant” type of values on “minor” types that confirmed the results of World Value Survey on example of the conservative NGOs and state authorities’ interaction in Russian third sector. A mixed analysis of the values of representatives of All-Russian Societies of Disabled, Blind and Deaf in interaction with state authorities revealed that the existing values form the standard of norms, rules and practices that do not contribute to changing the model of interaction between All-Russian Societies of Disabled and state authorities, thereby persisting inertia in the institutes of interaction between the organizations and state authorities.
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Ladd, Paddy. "Deafhood: A concept stressing possibilities, not deficits". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 33, nr 66_suppl (październik 2005): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034950510033318.
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Born-deaf, sign-language-using people have for the past two centuries been placed within a succession of externally constructed models, notably the traditional ``medical'' or pathological model. This perceives them primarily as biologically deficient beings in need of cures or charity in order to be successfully assimilated into society. This paper proposes that the concept of colonialism is the one that most appropriately describes the ``existential'' reality of deaf communities, and offers instead a deaf-constructed model. Utilizing recent confirmation of the existence of bona-fide feaf cultures, it highlights the extent to which these communities have resisted such models, maintaining their own beliefs concerning their validity and quality of their existence, and what they offer to non-deaf societies. This ``vulnerability as strength'' is manifested through the concept of deafhood, which is presented as the first move towards a formal narrative of decolonizing and liberatory possibilities.
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Isiko, Alexander Paul, i Paulous Serugo. "Death and morality: perspectives on the moral function of death among the basoga of Uganda". EUREKA: Social and Humanities, nr 5 (30.09.2021): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.001958.
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Numerous studies on death in African societies with no doubt have been successfully conducted though their preoccupation has been with the religious and spirituality perspectives. There has been a great deal of theologizing about the spiritual connection between the life here and life after death. Most studies in the humanities have zeroed on burial rituals and rites as means of transition to the spiritual world. Others have concentrated on how different societies cope with the misfortune of death; through grieving, mourning, choosing an heir or heiress and the succession disputes that are always part and parcel of such a culturally acknowledged process. Death is largely constructed as a challenge and misfortune, and many a scholar in the humanities are concerned with how different societies define, perceive, handle and cope with this catastrophe. Most scholarly works have paid a deaf ear to the social value that comes with the demise of an individual. One such social value is the definition and shaping of moral order in society, in which death occurs. Busoga traditional society of Uganda is used as the case study. Busoga is both a geographical reality and cultural entity, found in the eastern part of Uganda. The authors argue that rather than militating life, death promotes and perpetuates moral values on one hand and discourages vices that destabilize society on the other.
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Lane, Harlan L., Richard Pillard i Mary French. "Origins of the American Deaf-World: Assimilating and Differentiating Societies and Their Relation to Genetic Patterning". Sign Language Studies 1, nr 1 (2000): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2000.0003.
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Saleh, Asmaa M. "Come Inside my Silence and Know me". Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, nr 1 (24.06.2020): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp102-106.
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Deafness has been considered an exceptional condition and people who have this individuality are recognized all over the world as weak, fragile, deformed, and in great need for help from other “fit “people. The problem of integrating deaf people in their societies has been risen since the 19th century. There appeared two camps; one which advocated for teaching the deaf individuals the skills that enable them to blend in the world of “hearing people “while the other camp, the manualists, called for teaching and learning sign language as a means of communication. Amid all the conflicts between those two camps appeared literary works that dealt with this issue. In Children of a Lesser God which was written 1980 by the American playwright Mark Medoff, there is a manifestation of this conflict presented by the dramatist through the characters of his play and through a love relationship between a hearing man and a deaf woman. The play depicts the suffering of a deaf woman in a hearing society and the abuse she gets from people who are unable to appreciate her uniqueness as a human being. She faces a hostile attitude starting from her parents, society, and eventually from the man she love. The current work aims at exploring the leading female character in the play and how her deafness has added to the restrictions she experiences as a woman
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BUGROVSKII, ALEKSANDR. "GROUPS OF INTEREST IN THE RUSSIAN SOCIAL POLICY: THE EXAMPLE OF ALL-RUSSIAN SOCIETIES OF DISABLED, BLIND, DEAF". Sociopolitical sciences 10, nr 6 (28.12.2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-6-129-136.
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There is a research gap in the study of interest groups in the social sphere, arguing the possibility of examination the activities of all-Russian public organizations of the disabled, blind, and deaf in interaction with the state authorities in the Russian system of social protection of disabled people. The context of reforming the social sphere in Russia is important because it is suggesting the opposite to conservative principles the transition to market relations and effective management of institutions of social protection. The researchers consider public organizations created in the USSR as of “the power transmission belts” of the state, however these actors may represent interest groups preserving the conservative practices in the social sphere. The aim of the article is to verify whether all-Russian public associations of people with disabilities are interest groups in Russian social policy. The investigation compares the actions of conservative nongovernmental organizations with the theoretical characteristics of interest groups. To argue that the selected actors promote certain interests in the social protection system, a review of the research literature of characteristics of interest groups was conducted. Then, the characteristics were traced in the statutory activities of the investigated organizations. The analysis of the legislation and statutory activities of All-Russian organizations of people with disabilities revealed the possibilities of the organizations to influence political decision-making in relation to persons with disabilities, as well as to contribute to the persistence of the conservative course of social policy, despite the introduced innovations in Russian legislation.
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Wahyudin, Yogi Maulana. "Kekuasaan dalam Relasi Bahasa: Refleksi Pengalaman Penutur Bahasa Isyarat di Yogyakarta". INKLUSI 7, nr 1 (30.06.2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijds.070103.
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This study documents and reflects the experience of Sign Language speakers in Yogyakarta. The reflection is then negotiated with the grand narrative of linguistic justice, which has been unwittingly narrated by the domination of knowledge viewed mainly in the perspective of the hearing. This study uses ethnographic methods focusing on a broad process of observation of the subject's experience. The findings of this study are: First, the experience of members of the Deaf community in promoting linguistic justice for Sign Language is a process of cultural relocation and hybridization. The dynamics that occur are related to the acceptance and rejection of Deaf culture in multicultural societies. Secondly, this study found a link between the process of marginalization of the Deaf culture and the intensity of power in inter-language relations.[Penelitian ini mendokumentasikan dan merefleksikan pengalaman penutur Bahasa Isyarat di Yogyakarta. Refleksi itu kemudian dinegosiasikan dengan narasi besar keadilan linguistik yang selama ini tanpa disadari dinarasikan oleh dominasi-pengetahuan yang bias ‘orang dengar’. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi yang difokuskan pada proses pengamatan yang luas terhadap pengalaman subjek. Temuan penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, pengalaman anggota komunitas Tuli dalam mempromosikan keadilan linguistik bagi Bahasa Isyarat merupakan proses relokasi dan hibridisasi kultural. Dinamika yang terjadi berhubungan dengan penerimaan dan penolakan budaya Tuli dalam masyarakat multikultur. Kedua, penelitian ini menemukan kaitan antara proses marginalisasi budaya-Tuli dengan intensitas kuasa dalam relasi antar bahasa.]
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Bajmócy, Zoltán, Barbara Mihók i Judit Gébert. "Furthering Social Justice for Disabled People. A Framework Based on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach". Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia 67, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subbs-2022-0003.
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Abstract Understanding disability as a social phenomenon opened up the way for disability studies and social justice theories to mutually benefit from each other. One of the most significant recent advancements in the field of social justice has been the capability approach (CA) of Amartya Sen. The present paper builds on the CA to analyse disability form a social justice perspective. We argue that the CA provides several advantages when conceptualizing disability and furthering justice for disabled people. The objective of the paper is to develop a framework for analysis on the basis of the CA and to apply it through the case of D/deaf and hardof- hearing children and their carers in Szeged, Hungary. We demonstrate that the advancement of justice occurs through the scrutiny and comparison of feasible alternatives instead of arguing for principles or institutional guarantees of perfectly just societies.
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Astari, Yohana Ayu, Nanang Krisdinanto i Yuli Nugraheni. "Blind Eyes, Deaf Ears: Phenomenological Study on the Meaning of Local Figures of CSR of Semen Rembang". Jurnal Komunikasi 14, nr 1 (4.04.2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jk.v14i1.11935.
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This research focuses on the problems surrounding mining conflicts and the synergistic CSR (corporate social responsibility) program owned by PT Semen Gresik at the Rembang Factory in Timbrangan Village, Kab. Rembang, which includes areas directly adjacent to the location of the factory or source of raw materials (Ring 1). The purpose of this study is to describe the experiences and meanings of local leaders (informal leaders, who are divided into pro and contra groups) regarding the CSR program that carries the narrative of welfare. This study uses a qualitative approach and a phenemenological method, in which the researcher allows community leaders who are the research subjects to actively construct meaning through their intersubjective experiences related to the Synergy CSR program. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews to obtain the essence of the phenomenon that was observed and told from a first-person perspective. This study found that CSR Synergy is interpreted by local leaders (informal leaders) as a program that tends to formulate the needs of the target community with the perspective of their own interests, tends to be compiled and implemented based on an assessment of citizens' needs. Research subjects also interpret CSR as a program that make targeted societies increasingly dependent on, not empowering, and merely fulfilling statutory obligations as a formality or to create a public image since the company is responsible for exploiting the natural resources. The welfare narrative brought by the CSR program was interpreted by the research subjects as a strategy to trick the public to cover up the impact of environmental damage. In the end, this meaning has the implication of the emergence of apathy, which is reflected in the local imagery of a short-sighted ear (blind ear, deaf eye).
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Deaf Societies"
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Carty, Bridget Mary, i n/a. "Managing Their Own Affairs: The Australian Deaf Community During the 1920s and 1930s". Griffith University. School of Education and Professional Studies, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060123.131332.
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This thesis examines the development of and interrelationships among organisations in the Australian Deaf community during the early part of the 20th Century, particularly during the 1920s and 1930s. It focuses on those organisations which Deaf people attempted to establish themselves, or with hearing supporters, in response to their rejection of the philosophy and practices of the existing charitable organisations such as Deaf Societies and Missions. It also analyses the responses of the Societies and Missions to these moves. The thesis adopts a social history perspective, describing events as much as possible from the perspective of the Deaf people of the time. These developments within the Deaf community were influenced by wider social movements in Australian society during these decades, such as the articulation of minority groups as 'citizens', and their search for 'advancement', autonomy and equal rights. Australia's first schools and post-school organisations for Deaf people were closely modelled on 19th Century British institutions. The thesis describes the development of these early Australian institutions and argues that Deaf people had active or contributing roles in many of them. During the early 20th Century most of these organisations came under closer control of hearing people, and Deaf people's roles became marginalised. During the late 1920s many Deaf adults began to resist the control of Societies and Missions, instead aspiring to 'manage their own affairs'. In two states, working with hearing supporters, they successfully established alternative organisations or 'breakaways', and in another state they engaged in protracted but unsuccessful struggles with the Deaf Society. Australian Deaf people established a national organisation in the 1930s, and this led to the creation of an opposing national organisation by the Societies. Most of these new organisations did not survive beyond the 1930s, but they significantly affected the power structures and relationships between Deaf and hearing people in Australia for several decades afterwards. These events have been largely ignored and even strategically suppressed by later generations, possibly for reasons which parallel other episodes of amnesia and silence in Australian history.
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Carty, Bridget Mary. "Managing Their Own Affairs: The Australian Deaf Community During the 1920s and 1930s". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367731.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis examines the development of and interrelationships among organisations in the Australian Deaf community during the early part of the 20th Century, particularly during the 1920s and 1930s. It focuses on those organisations which Deaf people attempted to establish themselves, or with hearing supporters, in response to their rejection of the philosophy and practices of the existing charitable organisations such as Deaf Societies and Missions. It also analyses the responses of the Societies and Missions to these moves. The thesis adopts a social history perspective, describing events as much as possible from the perspective of the Deaf people of the time. These developments within the Deaf community were influenced by wider social movements in Australian society during these decades, such as the articulation of minority groups as 'citizens', and their search for 'advancement', autonomy and equal rights. Australia's first schools and post-school organisations for Deaf people were closely modelled on 19th Century British institutions. The thesis describes the development of these early Australian institutions and argues that Deaf people had active or contributing roles in many of them. During the early 20th Century most of these organisations came under closer control of hearing people, and Deaf people's roles became marginalised. During the late 1920s many Deaf adults began to resist the control of Societies and Missions, instead aspiring to 'manage their own affairs'. In two states, working with hearing supporters, they successfully established alternative organisations or 'breakaways', and in another state they engaged in protracted but unsuccessful struggles with the Deaf Society. Australian Deaf people established a national organisation in the 1930s, and this led to the creation of an opposing national organisation by the Societies. Most of these new organisations did not survive beyond the 1930s, but they significantly affected the power structures and relationships between Deaf and hearing people in Australia for several decades afterwards. These events have been largely ignored and even strategically suppressed by later generations, possibly for reasons which parallel other episodes of amnesia and silence in Australian history.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Full Text
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Tipton, Elizabeth Shelton. "Growing Up Deaf in Appalachia: An Oral History of My Mother". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3662.
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This study focuses on the life experiences of a rural, Deaf Appalachian woman, Jane Ann Shelton, a second generation Deaf child born to Deaf parents from the communities of Devil’s Fork (Flag Pond, Tennessee) and Shelton Laurel (Madison County, North Carolina). Over two hours of videotaped interviews were interpreted and transcribed, followed by various other communications to describe the life of a rural, Deaf Appalachian woman without a formal high school degree. As an advocate and a political lobbyist in Tennessee during the 1980s and 90s, she was unparalleled by her peers (deaf or hearing) in her efforts to “enhance the lives of ALL Deaf Tennesseans.” From these interactions and my firsthand knowledge, I crafted stories of her life experiences for the purpose of performing them for both Deaf and hearing audiences. Further studies should be done on rural Deaf Appalachia as precious little oral history has been collected.
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Gelber, Emily O. S. "Fear of Forgetting: How Societies Deal with Genocide". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/382.
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This thesis discusses how certain societies (Germany, Israel, and Argentina) that have been involved in two documented cases of genocide in the 20th Century -- one that was the source for and falls within the United Nations Treaty definition of genocide (the Holocaust), and one that does not (the Dirty War in Argentina) --have dealt with these events in their recent past. In dealing with these issues, the thesis employs the analysis of genocide developed by the Argentine scholar, Daniel Feierstein, who has proposed that all genocides progress through a series of steps that first create what he calls a "negative otherness" to the victims of the genocide, that then isolates and debilitates the victim group, and that ultimately leads, as a penultimate (not final) step, to the physical annihilation of the victims of the genocide. Feierstein's most novel and provocative contribution to the study of genocide, however, is his concept that there is an additional and final step -- which he calls the threat of “symbolic realization” -- that will actually take place in society after the killing or physical annihilation has been completed and the historical order of things has been restored. In Feierstein’s view, the purpose of genocide is to use the technologies of power of the state against the victim group in order to permanently change social relations within the state by excluding and then annihilating the victims of the genocide. For this reason, Feierstein argues that, unless the post-genocide society continues to confront the causes and reality of the genocide as a present and ongoing political and social dynamic in the society, so that the memory and cultural and social presence of the victim group is preserved in an immediate way, the genocide will be realized on a symbolic level in the sense that the change of social relations that the perpetrators of the genocide intended will in fact occur. In the analysis that follows of the issues of assigning culpability, providing reparations, and constructing memorials in post-genocide societies, the thesis argues that, whether consciously articulated or not, what drives the bitter controversy and debates over these matters in post-genocide societies is an underlying fear on the part of victims and victim groups that the significance of what they have suffered and why they have suffered will be lost and forgotten (symbolically realized, in Feierstein’s terminology) in the state's efforts at reconciliation precisely through the process of assigning guilt, awarding reparations, and constructing memorials. Going a step beyond where Feierstein leaves off, the thesis suggests, however, that this sort of symbolic realization is, in fact, an inevitable and unavoidable consequence of the process of writing the history of the genocide (or any event) and the detachment, analysis, contextualization, reductiveness, and simplification that history requires.
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Croucher, K. "Tactile engagements: the world of the dead in the lives of the living... or 'sharing the dead'". Ex Oriente, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5802.
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Chiama, Anne. "Les cathédrales et la mort en Provence (XIIe - XIVe siècle)". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES046/document.
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Mis en valeur dans de nombreuses études durant le XXe siècle, les liens entre l’Église et la mort sont étudiés ici dans le contexte des 22 diocèses provençaux des XIIe, XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Grâce à une documentation abondante et variée émanant essentiellement des chapitres cathédraux, il est possible d’envisager la mort comme un cadre aux relations entre les clercs des cathédrales et les sociétés urbaines. Perspective commune à tous, la mort permet aux clercs de construire des discours participant de l’encadrement chrétien des sociétés, exprimés de diverses manières, dans des modèles de bonne mort ou la liturgie funéraire. La mort est aussi l’occasion d’établir des relations spirituelles et matérielles avec une large communauté laïque et ecclésiastique, en particulier dans le cadre de la pratique des anniversaires. Elle est un événement propice à l’insertion des prélats, des chanoines et des clercs séculiers dans le paysage politique et économique des comtés de Provence et de Forcalquier. Elle est, enfin, une clé de lecture permettant à l’historien de comprendre comment s’organise l’Ecclesia provençale durant trois siècles marqués par d’importantes évolutions géopolitiques et économiques. Cette étude propose une lecture thanatologique de l’histoire des cathédrales provençales dans le but d’en élargir les perspectives et de poser un nouveau regard sur les clercs qui les desserventRelations between death and the medieval church have been explored by European historians since the beginning of the 20th century. They are here analysed within the 22 dioceses of « Provence » during the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. Using a large and varied documentation, essentially produced by cathedral chapters, we propose to study death as a framework for the relations between the cathedral clergy and urban medieval societies. As a prospect common to everyone, death could be used by clerics in order to build discourses promoting a tighter control of the Church over society, for instance through the liturgy of the Dead or the concept of the « Good Christian Death ». Especially through anniversaries, Death also provided them with an opportunity to establish spiritual and material relationships with an enlarged community of laymen and ecclesiastics and was therefore instrumental in involving bischops, canons and secular clerics into the political and economic life of the counties of Provence and Forcalquier. Finally, Death gives historians of the Middle Ages a unique insight into the life and organisation of the Provençale Ecclesia over three centuries of intense economic and political evolutions. This study aims to use thanatology in order to broaden our historical perspectives regarding Provençal cathedrals and clerics in the Middle-Ages
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Croucher, Karina T. "Tactile engagements: the world of the dead in the lives of the living... or 'sharing the dead'". 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5803.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Deaf Societies"
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Moustgaard, Raija. WFD manual on how to establish and run an organization of the deaf. Helsinki, Finland: WFD, 1994.
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Brian, Grant. The deaf advance: A history of the British Deaf Association 1890-1990. Edinburgh: Pentland Press, 1990.
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Joffe, Arlynn. Clubs of deaf and hard of hearing people. Washington, DC: National Information Center on Deafness, 1993.
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Brill, Richard G. The Conference of Educational Administrators Serving the Deaf: A history. Washington, D.C: Gallaudet College Press, 1986.
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Sanderson, Robert G. A brief history of the origins of the Robert G. Sanderson Community Center of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Roy, Utah: R.G. Sanderson, 2004.
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Scharf, Lothar. Gehörlose in der Hitlerjugend und Taubstummenanstalt Bayreuth: Zeitgeschichtliche Dokumentation der Jahre 1933-1945. Berlin: Pro Business, 2004.
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Uka, Martins. Code-name, dead-cemet[e]ry. Enugu [Nigeria]: New Generation Books, 1994.
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The dead ways. London: Catnip, 2011.
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The Dead Gentleman. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.
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Cody, Matthew. The Dead Gentleman. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Deaf Societies"
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Heikkurinen, Pasi, i Karl Johan Bonnedahl. "Dead Ends and Liveable Futures". W Strongly Sustainable Societies, 289–301. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in sustainability: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351173643-16.
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Angelovska, Despina. "The Failure of Macedonian Post-Communist Transitional Justice: Purging the Opponents, Lustrating the Dead". W Societies in Transition, 259–92. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666522062.259.
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Adrot, Anouck, Oriane Sitte de Longueval i Alexandre Largier. "A Practical Perspective on Resilience in Organizations: The Interplay Between Structure and Action". W Towards Resilient Organizations and Societies, 117–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82072-5_5.
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AbstractOrganizations adopt resilience frameworks to deal with increasingly unstable environments, yet they are not usually applied according to their initial design. Previous research has documented the situatedness of resilience. The process of shaping resilience capabilities fuels both action and structure through social arrangements. However, knowledge remains scarce regarding how these elements relate to each other. This chapter addresses this gap, drawing on Schatzki’s work and approaching resilience as practice. It examines the four components of the structure of resilience practice and investigates their interplay with action. It relies on a qualitative design, focused on two French organizations that designed radically different resilience frameworks. The findings of this chapter outline how both the organizations deviated from their resilience vision and frameworks, no matter the nature of the framework. Despite some synergistic ties between resilience structure and action, contradictions and inconsistencies within the structure emerged, which fostered deviation. Finally, the chapter discusses two other important points inherent to its findings: First, the evolutionary dimension of resilience as practice. Second, the influence of resilience proponents—who proactively promote resilience as a practice—on the interplay between its components.
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Russel, Anne, Stéphanie Tillement i Benoit Journé. "Building Resilience in Temporary Organizations: Lessons from a Shipyard". W Towards Resilient Organizations and Societies, 91–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82072-5_4.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the organizational and occupational dimensions of resilience in temporary organizing contexts and how these contribute to sustained reliable performance. When dealing with issues related to high levels of safety in complex settings, longstanding organizations with strong organizational routines are often described as the most appropriate forms of organizing. However, temporary forms of organizing are developing and little is known on how actors engaged in such contexts can enhance and sustain resilience when facing uncertainty in safety-critical contexts. This chapter addresses this gap in the literature by demonstrating that temporary organizations, such as project-based ones, can also deal with major safety issues, and that temporary forms of organizing can help complex projects to be efficiently and safely carried out. We examine this proposition by studying the case of an inter-organizational and safety-critical project: the construction by a shipyard of a series of ships. Looking at the meso-level, i.e. the occupational groups involved in the project, we show how temporary forms of organizing and occupational groups together contribute to the resilience of the whole project. We highlight that the ability of the project to coordinate temporary organizing forms is key in achieving (safe) performance.
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M. Lehner, Johannes, Eva Born, Peter Kelemen i Rainer Born. "Installing an Action Space for Resilience in Surprising Situations". W Towards Resilient Organizations and Societies, 65–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82072-5_3.
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AbstractThis chapter develops a model of resilient action in situations where established rules or behavioural routines are either not available or are misleading, thus exposing actors to high means-end ambiguity. The model suggests that an ‘action space’ must be created by stabilizing the action system and expanding options for action. It is based on our qualitative research in the Austrian Military (high degree of publicness) on cases of resilient field action, especially as regards ‘bouncing back’ incidents. We contend that different types of drill combined with the acquisition of background knowledge are essential for organizational resilience, the management of unexpected situations and the explanation of success, leading to controlled reproducibility solutions of typical problems. As such, the model intends to explain exploitation types of learning. However, as an antecedent for installing the action space, we explore so-called the ‘exaptation’ of drilled procedures, pertaining to the transfer of procedures to serve novel requirements, thus located in the exploration domain. This phenomenon leads to properties that contribute to recovery from shock in critical situations, through innovation. In short, the chapter provides novel empirical evidence that applying rules does not lead to resilient action in the case of unknown or unexpected situations. Instead, we show robust evidence that a corrective understanding and reflective use of rules and routines is causally related to the ability to deal with surprise and fostering resilience.
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Majumdar, Rudrodip. "Sludge Hygienisation—A Novel Technology for Urban Areas to Deal with Incursion of COVID-19 Viral Particles in Wastewater". W The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Societies, 263–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66490-9_11.
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Krause, Joachim. "The Way Forward: How Should Europe Deal with Russia and China?" W Russia-China Relations, 277–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97012-3_15.
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AbstractThe existence of an alliance between Russia and China seems to be changing the European security environment in a fundamental way. In light of historical experiences, one has to start with the assumption that any such alliance between authoritarian powers directed against Western democracies and free societies will increase the likelihood of major wars. In at least two European regions—the Black-Sea and the Baltic Sea area—merely the existence of such an alliance and the ensuing opportunity to overburden the U.S. military might increase the risk-level Russia was ready to accept. This might entail the danger of a high intensity war between Russia and NATO. It is high time for NATO to consider a more effective defence and deterrence posture in order to prevent Russian aggression against the Baltic states and to envision effective measures that would deter Russia from continuing to destroy Ukraine.
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Moir, Cat. "What Is Living and What Is Dead in Political Vitalism?" W History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 239–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_13.
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AbstractDoes vitalism inherently imply a specific politics, and if so, what is it? In this chapter, I aim to offer at least some possible answers to this question by examining historical and contemporary discussions around the politics of vitalism. In so doing, I offer an account of what vitalism is as a set of scientific and philosophical ideas about the nature of life and its status as an object of study. It is precisely because vitalism is concerned with the question of life that it implies political considerations from the get-go. However, some of the more problematic political consequences of what has often been referred to (sometimes erroneously or confusedly) as vitalism stem, I argue, from the attribution of vital powers to the non-living. This infusion of vitality into everything may seem egalitarian in its apparent levelling out of differences between forests, objects, spirits, the dead, and whole societies. Yet if everything is living, then the specificity of the living, the living itself, disappears. Whatever equality may or may not be purchased from this perspective, then, I argue that it can no longer properly be called vitalist.
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Erdoğan Coşkun, Aynur. "Conceptions of Society and Education Paradigm in the Twenty-First Century". W Educational Theory in the 21st Century, 141–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9640-4_7.
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AbstractThis chapter describes the structural features and problem areas of modern education systems, then discusses new social and educational ideas that offer solutions to these problems. From the nineteenth to the twenty-first century, information was given on the social models and educational systems that coincided with the turning points of industrial developments. While factory organization as characterized by mass production and nation-state citizenship shaped the education system of industrial societies, digitization and its values have left their mark on educational systems in the information society. Advanced technological developments in areas such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, or the Internet of things have led to a techno-futuristic model of society being placed on the agenda. In this context, we pursue the questions of how new technologies are changing the education system and what kind of solutions they are offering to its problems for education in future societies. New technologies are argued to have not eliminated the basic problems we must deal with in the contemporary world such as equal opportunity in education and student-centered education.
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Rosen, Arlene. "Resilience at the Edge: Strategies of Small-Scale Societies for Long-Term Sustainable Living in Dryland Environments". W Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 161–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_11.
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AbstractModern Western communities have much to learn from the ways in which small-scale societies have survived and even thrived while cycling through phases of profoundly shifting moist to dry environmental conditions. In doing so, these small communities display a resilience developed from thousands of years of being rooted in what Western Society considers ‘marginal’ environments. The most important of the solutions they developed are sustainably rooted in deep-time and identifiable in archaeological records. The ability to live sustainably in these kinds of challenging environments emerges from a profound and long-term reservoir of ‘Traditional Ecological Knowledge’ that includes a keen awareness of the interface between human needs and natural processes. Although these traditional solutions may not apply to massive complex systems that drive the survival of large cities as a whole, we can benefit a great deal from the study of these past societies to help generate ideas for smaller segments and sub-systems of larger cities, such as neighborhood collectives, urban gardening, water conservation methods, and others that will lead us towards a more sustainable existence on our planet through the use ground-up solutions.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Deaf Societies"
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Oberhagemann, Jan, Jens Ley i Bettar Ould el Moctar. "Prediction of Ship Response Statistics in Severe Sea Conditions Using RANS". W ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83995.
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The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) promotes the paradigm shift in structural design rules for ships towards risk based approaches. This requires improvements in the assessment of structural design loads and new methods for estimation of wave loads and responses, amongst others with respect to extreme value distributions. In this paper we present a numerical method based on the solution of RANS equations to deal with large wave-induced ship motions and corresponding loads for different ship types. Nonlinearities of wave excitation and ship response are included. Short-term ship response distributions from time domain simulations are compared with model test data. Significant deviations from Rayleigh distribution of amplitudes are observed, especially for hull girder loads including effects of structural elasticity.
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Jereb, Jernej, Hilda Maze, Roman Parežnik i Brigita Gajšek. "Comprehensive Analysis of Internal Transport of Patients to Diagnostic Tests". W Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.27.
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The subject of the study was a hospital with about 700 beds and 2.000 employees, where more than 30.000 patients are treated annually. More than half of the employees are employed in the field of nursing. The hospital has recently faced a shortage of nursing staff, resulting from both increased needs and the departure of employees due to unfavorable working conditions. The hospital is trying to deal with this problem from time, employee, and patient perspectives. We have analyzed the structure of time spent at work and care for employees' health while not forgetting about the patient's well-being, dignity, and safety. We focused on transporting patients for diagnostic tests to the diagnostic rooms. We found that the greatest potential lies in improving the software support to the entire internal transport process.
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Branda, Martin, i Miloš Kopa. "From Stochastic Dominance to Dea-Risk Models: Portfolio Efficiency Analysis". W A Special Workshop of the Stochatic Programming Community and the European Association of Operational Research Societies (EURO) on "Stochastic Programming for Implementation and Advanced Applications". Vilnius, Lithuania: The Association of Lithuanian Serials, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/stoprog.2012.03.
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Oikonomidis, Ioannis, i Chryssa Sofianopoulou. "CRITICAL THINKING WITHIN THE INFORMATICS TEXTBOOK OF THE SECOND CLASS OF THE GREEK LYCEUM". W International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end105.
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"It cannot be denied that there are always problems societies and individuals have to deal with. To confront these problems in living conditions that seem to be constantly and rapidly changing, specific competencies are needed. Critical thinking is indispensable in developing such competencies effectively. It can support identifying, constructing and evaluating arguments. It can also contribute in improving problem solving skills. Critical thinking is essential to develop decision making competencies and communication skills. Furthermore, people can use critical thinking in order to confront their biases, prejudices and stereotypes. It is clear that critical thinking is useful and necessary in multiple areas. For that reason, critical thinking is considered to be a key pedagogical goal in many levels of education. For this reason, modern education seeks to promote the cultivation of critical thinking. In particular, education of Informatics is strongly related to critical thinking. Students cannot develop skills related to Informatics if they cannot think critically. Therefore, critical thinking is essential for teaching Informatics subjects. Consequently, within the Informatics textbooks the cultivation of critical thinking skills should be promoted. The present research aims to determine whether there are critical thinking skills whose cultivation is equally promoted within the Informatics textbook of the second class of the Greek Lyceum. The method used in this paper is Qualitative Content Analysis, which is established in the social sciences for texts analysis. The findings of the present research revealed that within the examined textbook there are no critical thinking skills whose cultivation is equally promoted."
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أحمد براهیم, شمال. "The social foundations of peaceful coexistence in the Iraqi constitutions - a comparative study between texts and reality". W Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/7.
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" The process of building peaceful coexistence within societies is the basis upon which the entity of society and the state is based and its survival, and this process must be reflected in legal texts starting from the constitution and ending with laws, instructions and practices that include principles that contribute to: The stability of society and the state. But the lesson is not only in the texts, but these texts must be reflected in steps on the ground, so that they are integrated with each other, for the purpose of building a homogeneous and integrated society. If we look at modern Iraqi history, we will find that there are three stages of the life of the Iraqi state that witnessed three constitutions that included the elements of peaceful coexistence, and reality witnessed obstacles to these ingredients and these three stages are: the stage of establishing the Iraqi state, which is represented in the Iraqi Basic Law of 1925, and The stage of changing the state’s pattern from a monarchy to a republic, the impact of a military coup, represented in the temporary Iraqi Constitution of 1958, and finally the stage of building the Iraqi state after 2003, represented in the permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005, and these stages and the events and developments they witnessed have raised several questions and Of which: - What are the principles of peaceful coexistence in theory? - What are the legal texts in the three Iraqi constitutions on the social foundations of peaceful coexistence, and were these texts reflected on the ground? - Is the reality of peaceful coexistence in Iraq consistent with the principles stated in the Iraqi constitutions, especially the 2005 constitution? The importance of this study comes from what it discussed in the foundations of peaceful coexistence within societies that witnessed internal conflicts, and the Iraqi society is not far from them, also through its research on the foundations of peaceful coexistence, especially social ones in the three comparative Iraqi constitutions and the extent of their manifestation in governmental or semi-governmental institutions government to consolidate the foundations of coexistence among the various components of Iraqi society. The main hypothesis of this research is (The texts of the constitution are not the only guarantor for building peaceful coexistence within society, unless these texts are reflected in the way state institutions deal with social components). For the purpose of answering the previous questions and verifying the mentioned hypothesis, we divided the research into the following two sections: The first topic dealt with the concept of peaceful coexistence and its principles and social foundations, while the second topic we searched for the principles of peaceful coexistence in the Iraqi constitutions compared with their social foundations, as we concluded the research In conclusion, it contains conclusions and recommendations, as well as a list of sources. "
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Dangelmaier, Manfred, Wilhelm Bauer i Zimu Chen. "Interdisciplinary Communication and Advice under Uncertainty in a Pandemic". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001356.
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Communication in a pandemic is difficult and complex. It is characterized by volatile situations associated with a high degree of uncertainty and, in some cases, social divergence in groups and societies. Orientation is expected, by politicians and individuals, from science. However, sciences are only fulfilling the expectations to a limited extent. We demonstrate that there are severe weaknesses in holistic and interdisciplinary communication in the pandemic and show that established tools from management are neglected and overlooked.We then analyze the specific needs of scientific reasoning in pandemic situations such as •a rational approach integrating both estimates and explicit evidence;•expressing and quantifying uncertainty; •considering interdisciplinary aspects in advice and decision making;•the ability to deal with ethical aspects;•simple updates with new findings and evidence.In a third step we compare from literature and own experience existing methods from management science for their suitability against those needs. We find that many of the interdisciplinary tools are deterministic, like Multi Criteria Analyses, and do not support uncertainty. The frequently adopted linear computation of utility values leads to ethical issues. Foresight methods like Delphi or Scenario methods deal with uncertainty and subjectivity. But they are not designed to integrate strong evidence. Strategic planning tools like roadmaps are comprehensible but disappoint in volatile situations. Probabilistic decision making with expected utilities is too complex and suffers from missing data. Heuristics at the other hand are simple but do not allow for comprehensive reasoning. We then argue in a fourth step to use probability in communication and to apply it to decision making in the pandemic. We propose a simple one-step method with a calculus based on Bayes’ theorem and calculate the probabilities of alternative courses of action being the best un der given conditios. With examples we show how arguments from various scientific disciplines can be integrated in decision making and adjusted as new evidence appears. Furthermore, we provide a role model and show by examples how scientists, scientific consultants and decision makers can cooperate and communicate using the method.We conclude that the method fulfils the identified needs to a high degree and is worth to be further developed. We show its epistemic and scientific limitations and give an outlook how likelihood functions may be used to replace negotiated likelihoods by parametric and model based values.
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Orcesi, Andre, Bruno Godart, Laurent Gaillet, Franziska Schmidt, Nicolas Bardou, Maria Pina Limongelli, Pierre Carreaud, François Lenoir i François Gérard Baron. "Technological developments as an answer to bridge management challenges". W IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1611.
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<p>Bridge management is a challenge as owners have to deal with limited financial resources to maintain the functionalities and safety of ageing structures. Demands on transportation networks change, due to regulatory developments, society's evolution and shifts with high expectations on the operational performance of roadway bridges with reduced congestion, delay, and accidents. To minimize intrusion in the transport flow, inspection and monitoring methods should be non-destructive, minimally invasive. They should be capable of yielding rapid and accurate inspection results allowing an adequate response from the asset manager. Research aims at including autonomously operating equipment (e.g. robotics), non-intrusive (remote or proximity) observation techniques, or other methods that ensure quality and performance control of the roadway bridges in time, more safely, more quickly and/or to a higher degree of accuracy and precision.The innovation subgroup in COST action TU1406 investigates novel condition monitoring and sensing technologies for the assessment of structural serviceability and safety. Advanced, integrated, cost-effective and reliable instrumentation solutions, techniques and concepts are looked at with the aim to provide data, that will be used to compute innovative performance indicators. In this context, this paper briefly reminds some significant challenges associated with bridge management and presents three examples of innovation in bridge monitoring and NDT investigation techniques.</p>
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Smedley, Philip, Pat O’Connor i Richard Snell. "ISO Offshore Structures Standards". W ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49160.
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The ISO 19900 series of Standards address the design, construction, transportation, installation, integrity management and assessment of offshore structures. Offshore structural types covered by ISO include: bottom-founded ‘fixed’ steel structures; fixed concrete structures; floating structures such as monohull FPSOs, semi-submersibles and spar platforms; arctic structures; and site-specific assessment of jack-up platforms. All the fundamental ISO Offshore Structural Standards have now been published representing a major achievement for the Oil and Gas Industry and representative National Standards Organizations. A summary of the background to achieving this milestone is presented in this paper. In parallel, other Codes and Standards bodies such as API, CEN, CSA, Norsok and the Classification Societies are looking to harmonize some, or all, of their Offshore Structures Standards in-line with ISO, wherever this is desirable and practical. API, in particular, have been pro-active in reviewing and revising their Offshore Recommended Practices (RPs) to maximize consistency with ISO, including revising the scope and content of a number of existing API RPs, adopting ISO language, and embracing technical content. Given API’s long heritage of Offshore Standards it is not surprising that this remains very much a mutual effort between ISO and API with much in ISO Standards building on existing API design practice. Now published, those involved in developing and maintaining the ISO 19900 series of Standards have to deal with both new and existing challenges, including encouraging wider awareness and adoption of these Standards, enhancing the harmonization effort, ensuring technical advances are captured in timely revisions to these Standards, and most pressing to ensure that the next generation of offshore engineers are encouraged to participate in the long-term development of the Standards that they will be using and questioning. This paper is one of a series of papers at this OMAE Conference that outline the technical content and future strategy of the ISO Offshore Structures Standards.
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Zafer Comert, Nevter, Erincik Edgu i Nezire Ozgece. "Morphological Analysis of Frontier Villages in Cyprus". W 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5128.
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Borders may be built for security reasons however; they also demarcate administrative, economic, socio-cultural, ethnic or religious divergence. Borders change the destinies of the societies at both sides because they affect the process of urban development and delimit the economic and socio-cultural interactions. Cyprus has been experiencing an interrupted continuity along the border, i.e. green line, under the rule of UN that divides north from the south. In this regard the aim of the study is to figure out how the de facto borders affect the configuration of villages upon their existing position. As a part of an ongoing research which investigates all eleven frontier villages and towns located along the border line, this paper only focuses on the morphological and syntactic comparison of four frontier villages. Within this context, initial exploration is about the village morphologies by means of Morphological Regions based on the evolutionary insights of Conzen (2004) and Whitehand (2009). Additionally, considering shifted centrality and transformed social gathering spaces, research discusses the applicability of the comparative analyses of syntactic and morphological methods in order to reveal the characteristics of the frontier villages. The preliminary findings of the research indicates that edge villages located along the green line have a controlled spatial development with dead ends and loop layouts, where the spatial configuration presents an introverted structure. On the other hand, villages divided by the green line, presents a relatively integrated spatial structure developed on both sides of the border, maintaining traditional centrality along with emphasizing forced territoriality. References: Conzen MRG, 2004, Morphogenesis and Structure of the Historic townscape in Britain: ed. M.P Conzen in Thinking About Urban Form: Papers on Urban Morpholgoy 1932-1998, Peter Lang, London Hillier, B. (1996) Space is the machine (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Whitehand, J.W.R. (2009) ‘The structure of urban landscapes: strengthening research and practice’, Urban Morphology 13, 5‐27, University of Birmingham
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McIntosh, Mark W., i Bert Bras. "Determining the Value of Remanufacture in an Integrated Manufacturing-Remanufacturing Organization". W ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dfm-5750.
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Abstract In recent years, the concept of reusing products has received significant attention in academia as a means for reducing society’s negative impact on the environment. In fact, due to a number of both economic and environmental advantages to product reuse, some authors have proposed a larger role for reuse within society. In order to achieve an expanded role for product reuse, it will first be necessary to integrate remanufacturing capabilities into original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) such that reuse can be carefully planned by both product and process design. However, the implementation of OEM reuse is currently limited to the few examples that exist today by several barriers. These barriers include the problem of incomplete incentives due to the product disposal externality, the trends in production towards rapid innovation and mass customization, and the fact that remanufacture presents a fundamentally new set of challenges that producers are not prepared to deal with. It is our belief that reuse will not play a larger role in society until producers have both the incentives and ability to implement remanufacture given their business conditions. Providing this capability and these incentives will require a better understanding of how different factors impact remanufacturing operations within an OEM. This understanding can be provided through the improved modeling of remanufacture. In this work, a motivation and an algorithm for modeling how product design characteristics, product development strategies, and different business conditions impact remanufacturing viability is presented. The authors’ implementation of this model is described and the model is used to study a family of single use camera products over an eleven-year period in order to gain insight from a successful OEM remanufacturer.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Deaf Societies"
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Keinan, Ehud. Asian Chemists speak with one voice. AsiaChem Magazine, listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00001.
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Dear Reader, the newly born AsiaChem magazine echoes the voice of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS). We believe that this biannual, free-access magazine will attract worldwide attention because it comprises diverse articles on cutting-edge science, history, essays, interviews, and anything that would interest the broad readership within the chemical sciences. All articles are authored by scientists who were born in Asian countries or actively working in Asia. Thus, eight FACS countries, including Australia, China, India, Israel, Jordan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey, are represented in this inaugural issue.
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Fieldsend, Astrid. Evidence and Lessons Learned Regarding the Effect of Equitable Quality Education on ‘Open Society’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.094.
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The purpose of this review is to assist FCDO in understanding the evidence of impact and any valuable lessons regarding the effect equitable quality education can have on ‘open society’. The search revealed that there is a considerable volume of evidence which focuses on education’s ability to reduce poverty, increase economic growth, boost employability and achieve better health outcomes. There is less which focuses on the aspects of ‘open society’ as defined in this paper. The scope of this review was narrowed to focus upon areas of the ‘open society’ definition where the most evidence does exist, given the timeframe for the review. The scope was narrowed to focus on: democracy, civic engagement, and social cohesion. The review of the literature found strong evidence that equitable quality education can have a range of positive impacts on democracy (specifically, its institutions and processes), civic engagement and social cohesion. There is a considerable body of evidence which indicates that there is a correlation between equitable quality education and benefits to societies (more peaceful, higher levels of trust, greater participation in politics, etc). However, there was no clear evidence that investment in equitable quality education directly leads to positive societal outcomes. This is because there are so many other factors to account for in attempting to prove causation. The lack of rigorous studies which attempt to attribute causation demonstrates a clear evidence gap. It is important to note that education systems themselves are politicised and cannot be divorced from the political process. The extent to which education can impact positively on open society depends a great deal on the value education has within the political system in which it is operating.
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Gattenhof, Sandra, Donna Hancox, Sasha Mackay, Kathryn Kelly, Te Oti Rakena i Gabriela Baron. Valuing the Arts in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Queensland University of Technology, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227800.
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The arts do not exist in vacuum and cannot be valued in abstract ways; their value is how they make people feel, what they can empower people to do and how they interact with place to create legacy. This research presents insights across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand about the value of arts and culture that may be factored into whole of government decision making to enable creative, vibrant, liveable and inclusive communities and nations. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a great deal about our societies, our collective wellbeing, and how urgent the choices we make now are for our futures. There has been a great deal of discussion – formally and informally – about the value of the arts in our lives at this time. Rightly, it has been pointed out that during this profound disruption entertainment has been a lifeline for many, and this argument serves to re-enforce what the public (and governments) already know about audience behaviours and the economic value of the arts and entertainment sectors. Wesley Enoch stated in The Saturday Paper, “[m]etrics for success are already skewing from qualitative to quantitative. In coming years, this will continue unabated, with impact measured by numbers of eyeballs engaged in transitory exposure or mass distraction rather than deep connection, community development and risk” (2020, 7). This disconnect between the impact of arts and culture on individuals and communities, and what is measured, will continue without leadership from the sector that involves more diverse voices and perspectives. In undertaking this research for Australia Council for the Arts and Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture & Heritage, New Zealand, the agreed aims of this research are expressed as: 1. Significantly advance the understanding and approaches to design, development and implementation of assessment frameworks to gauge the value and impact of arts engagement with a focus on redefining evaluative practices to determine wellbeing, public value and social inclusion resulting from arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. 2. Develop comprehensive, contemporary, rigorous new language frameworks to account for a multiplicity of understandings related to the value and impact of arts and culture across diverse communities. 3. Conduct sector analysis around understandings of markers of impact and value of arts engagement to identify success factors for broad government, policy, professional practitioner and community engagement. This research develops innovative conceptual understandings that can be used to assess the value and impact of arts and cultural engagement. The discussion shows how interaction with arts and culture creates, supports and extends factors such as public value, wellbeing, and social inclusion. The intersection of previously published research, and interviews with key informants including artists, peak arts organisations, gallery or museum staff, community cultural development organisations, funders and researchers, illuminates the differing perceptions about public value. The report proffers opportunities to develop a new discourse about what the arts contribute, how the contribution can be described, and what opportunities exist to assist the arts sector to communicate outcomes of arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Obiakor, Thelma, i Kirsty Newman. Education and Employability: The Critical Role of Foundational Skills. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/048.
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A great deal of policy attention is paid to the role that education plays in driving employment outcomes. Most of this attention has focused on post-primary education— particularly Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This paper sets out the less-discussed role that foundational skills, typically built through basic primary education, play in driving employability; how foundational skills affect TVET provision; and what implications this body of evidence has for education policy. We acknowledge the need to consider how education systems build skills which will contribute to countries’ economic aspirations. However, we suggest that the dominant discourse which focuses specifically on TVET and how it can be linked to employer demands is unlikely to be successful for several reasons. Firstly, we show that foundational skills are themselves associated with economic gains for individuals and societies. This, together with the evidence showing extremely low levels of foundational skills in many countries, suggests that focusing on improving foundational skills may be a more cost-effective approach to driving employability than has been previously acknowledged. Furthermore, we show that TVET (and other later forms of education) may struggle to add value where foundational skills are not in place. Focusing large amounts of energy and resources on reforming TVET may not achieve hoped-for impacts if TVET entrants don’t have the necessary foundations to learn. We discuss the popular policy prescription of linking TVET provision to employer needs. As well as noting our concern that this focus fails to acknowledge the binding constraint of low foundational skills, we also set out why employer demand for skills may not be a good indication of actual future skills needs. We therefore suggest a more nuanced discussion on skills for employability which acknowledges economic development goals; the skills that will be needed to achieve them; and, crucially, a country’s starting point. We end the paper by highlighting the fact that unemployment and underemployment are generally caused by a lack of jobs, not a lack of skills. We therefore urge policymakers to be realistic about the extent to which any education policy—whether focusing on foundations, technical, and vocation skills or any other type of skills—can affect employment outcomes. Considering the evidence presented in this paper, we suggest that policymakers in many low- and lower-middle income countries may want to consider a stronger focus on foundational skills. The major reason for focusing on foundational skills is that a quality education is a fundamental right for all children which will allow them to experience lifelong learning. This paper sets out that foundational skills will also be the first step towards achieving a more employable workforce—but also that policymakers should consider the full range of policies that need to be in place to deliver productive employment and economic growth.