Artykuły w czasopismach: „DC-AC CONVERSIONS”

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Yang, Da Wei, Jian Hua Yang, Fei Lin, Jian Su i Hai Tao Liu. "Application and Selection to AC and DC Voltage Grades for Microgrids". Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (wrzesień 2013): 1876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1876.

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Distributed resources and microgrids may be designed for power supply in some area. AC-DC or DC-AC conversions are required in microgrids because of DC distributed resources, e.g. photovoltaic arrays. In this paper some factors are considered for determining the voltage grades of microgrids, both AC grid and DC grid, according to comprehensive analysis of microgrid design and operation. The factors include microgrid or distributed resource capacity, efficiency, cost, safety and so on. The line length, microgrid capacity and economic impacts are taken into account for selecting the voltage grade to connect the microgrid into the distribution system. Further, suitable AC and DC voltage grades are selected for residential and commercial application with some microgrid cases.

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Szekely, Norbert Csaba, Sorin Ionut Salcu, Vasile Mihai Suciu, Lucian Nicolae Pintilie, Gheorghe Ioan Fasola i Petre Dorel Teodosescu. "Power Factor Correction Application Based on Independent Double-Boost Interleaved Converter (IDBIC)". Applied Sciences 12, nr 14 (18.07.2022): 7209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147209.

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In this paper, a Power Factor Correction (PFC) application, based on the novel power stage topology named Independent Double-Boost Interleaved Converter (IDBIC), has been analyzed. The novelty of the proposed PFC rectifier is based on the sum of capabilities, such as supplying three independent output voltage levels with interleaved operation at the input and high voltage gain. The hardware used within this application consists of an AC input L-C-L filter, a single-phase bridge rectifier, the IDBIC power stage, output capacitors group and a group of variable high-power rheostats (resistors) group as DC load. The main purpose of the carried study was to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the novel power stage topology in the context of a green and modern AC to DC conversion solution. Nowadays, a high level of the efficiency and power factor have become a mandatory feature for the AC to DC conversion solutions to satisfy the international electrical standards. Thus, considering the modern electrical standards and recommendations, the current study tries to better depict the working steps and principles of the modern power stage topology within an AC to DC conversion application. The behavior of the considered power stage described in different detailed working steps (such as the Discontinuous Conduction Mode and Continuous Conduction Mode) may help understand how the energy conversions process of AC to DC becomes more efficient. The high output voltage gain of the considered power stage is the key feature in the Power Factor Correction process. With such a feature, the AC to DC conversion solution/application can also operate at lower input AC voltages (such as 90 [V] and 110 [V]). The proposed solution can be successfully used in the electric vehicle (automotive field) and high-power electrical traction (e.g., trains, high power electrical machines and drives). The same solution can also be used successfully in fast battery charging applications and chemical electrolysis processes.

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Barui, T. K., S. Goswami i D. Mondal. "Design of Digitally Controlled DC-DC Boost Converter for the Operation in DC Microgrid". Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, nr 2 (2020): E7—E13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(2).e2.

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Renewable energy sources (RESs) are becoming increasingly important day by day to tranquilize the world’s energy crisis and consume fossil fuels in the lower rung. A microgrid system that assimilates clean and green energy-based sources such as solar, wind, and biogas is acquiring much prominence over the conventional grid-based power systems in this day and age. For the up and running of the inexhaustible energy sources in the AC power network, numerous conversions of the power sources occur. In the process of conversion, some amount of power is lost, which minimizes conversion efficiency. However, with the increasing use of DC loads and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), DC Microgrid could be more beneficial than the conventional AC power system by avoiding several types of drawbacks. This paper demonstrates an efficient system of digitally controlled boost converter for the parallel operation in DC microgrid. Here, the converter of 2.5kW 400V is designed and implemented to validate its functioning in a Microgrid. The whole system has been simulated in MATLAB with an input voltage range of 220–380 V. It has been found that the designed converter can maintain the desired output voltage in the DC Busbar at and around 400 V. Finally, some simulation results have been presented to analyze the converter’s operational characteristics and effectiveness in the practical domain.

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Vijayalakshmi, K., i Chinnapettai Ramalingam Balamurugan. "Z–Source Multilevel Inverter Based on Embedded Controller". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, nr 1 (1.04.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp1-8.

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In this paper Embedded based Z-source multilevel inverter (ZSMLI) is proposed. This work implements a five level cascaded H-bridge Z-source inverter by using embedded control. Switching devices are triggered using embedded controller. In this controller coding is described by using switching table. The presence of Z-source network couples inverter main circuit to the power source that providing special features that can overcome the limitations of VSI (voltage source inverter) and CSI (current source inverter). The Z-source concept can applicable in all dc-ac, dc-dc, ac-dc and ac-ac power conversions. Simulation model of Z-source multilevel inverter based on embedded controller has been built in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The Performance parameters of Z-source MLI such as RMS (root mean square) output voltage, THD (total harmonic distortion) and DC component have been analysed for various inductance (L) and capacitance (C) value.

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Roomi, Muhammad M. "An Overview of Carrier-based Modulation Methods for Z-Source Inverter". Power Electronics and Drives 4, nr 1 (1.06.2019): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2019-0007.

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AbstractSingle-stage energy converters, in particular, the Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) or impedance source inverter, has gained significant attention in the recent years. ZSI ensures flexible energy conversions (dc–dc, dc–ac, ac–ac and ac–dc) because of its unique ability to boost the output voltage in typical renewable energy systems. The impedance network integrated between the energy source and the load contributes to the unique functionality of the ZSI. As substantial research has been conducted on the ZSI, this article provides a review on the operation of ZSI. The article initially examines the various topologies commonly adopted for the application of the ZSI. Subsequently, details of the various modulation methods that are commonly used to obtain the voltage boosting using ZSI are documented. Additionally, the phenomenon of neutral point formation, which is an important impediment to the adoption of multilevel ZSIs and the limitation of the modulation methods, is explained.

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Chaturvedi, Shivam, Mengqi Wang, Yaoyu Fan, Deepak Fulwani, Guilherme Vieira Hollweg, Shahid Aziz Khan i Wencong Su. "Control Methodologies to Mitigate and Regulate Second-Order Ripples in DC–AC Conversions and Microgrids: A Brief Review". Energies 16, nr 2 (10.01.2023): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020817.

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Second-order ripples occur in the voltage and current during any DC–AC power conversion. These conversions occur in the voltage source inverters (VSIs), current source inverters (CSIs), and various single-stage inverters (SSIs) topologies. The second-order ripples lead to oscillating source node currents and DC bus voltages when there is an interconnection between the AC and DC microgrids or when an AC load is connected to the DC bus of the microgrid. Second-order ripples have various detrimental effects on the sources and the battery storage. In the storage battery, they lead to the depletion of electrodes. They also lead to stress in the converter or inverter components. This may lead to the failure of a component and hence affect the reliability of the system. Furthermore, the second-order ripple currents (SRCs) lead to ripple torque in wind turbines and lead to mechanical stress. SRCs cause a rise in the temperature of photovoltaic panels. An increase in the temperature of PV panels leads to a reduction in the power generated. Furthermore, the second-order voltage and current oscillations lead to a varying maximum power point in PV panels. Hence, the maximum power may not be extracted from it. To mitigate SRCs, oversizing of the components is needed. To improve the lifespan of the sources, storage, and converter components, the SRCs must be mitigated or kept within the desired limits. In the literature, different methodologies have been proposed to mitigate and regulate these second-order ripple components. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of different effects of second-order ripples on different sources and the methodologies adopted to mitigate the ripples. Different active power decoupling methodologies, virtual impedance-based methodologies, pulse width modulation-based signal injection methodologies, and control methods adopted in distributed power generation methods for DC microgrids have been presented. The application of ripple control methods spans from single converters such as SSIs and VSIs to a network of interconnected converters. Furthermore, different challenges in the field of virtual impedance control and ripple mitigation in distributed power generation environments are discussed. This paper brings a review regarding control methodologies to mitigate and regulate second-order ripples in DC–AC conversions and microgrids.

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Piao, Longjian, Laurens de Vries, Mathijs de Weerdt i Neil Yorke-Smith. "Electricity Markets for DC Distribution Systems: Design Options". Energies 12, nr 14 (10.07.2019): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142640.

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DC distribution systems (DCDSs) are a promising alternative to AC systems because they remove AC-DC conversions between renewable sources and loads. Their unique features compared to AC include low system inertia, strict power limits and power–voltage coupling. In a liberalised electricity market, merely applying an AC market design to a DCDS cannot guarantee the latter’s supply security and voltage stability; new markets must be designed to meet DC challenges. This article identifies the key design options of DCDS electricity markets. To identify these options, we develop a comprehensive design framework for local electricity markets; to our knowledge, we provide the first such analysis. Whereas previous studies focus on separate aspects of DCDS markets, we widen the scope to include the role of market architecture and investigate the arrangements of sub-markets. As an illustration, we demonstrate three promising DCDS market designs that can be defined in our framework, and provide a first assessment of their performance.

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Razzaq, Syed Abdul, i Vairavasamy Jayasankar. "Autonomous power sharing for AC/DC HMGS using decentralized modified droop method for interlinking converter". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, nr 4 (1.12.2022): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i4.pp2139-2147.

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The present trend of integrating renewable energy sources (RES) in AC/DC hybrid micro grid systems (HMGS) has certainly reduced the greenhouse gases and provides the variety of power sources for micro grid (MG). Interlinking converter (ILC) is the main converter for interconnecting AC/DC sub-grids with a variety of features like autonomous bidirectional power sharing, reducing the power conversions in the grid and additionally a featuring aspect for energy management system (EMS). Interlinking converters are desired to maintain stable frequency, constant voltages at buses, reduce the power losses, reduce switching losses and control on circulating currents, most of the control methods could not achieve all. In this paper, the decentralized modified droop control method is presented which is significant in meeting the autonomous bidirectional AC/DC power load demand and in achieving the desired features. A three coordinated model is proposed where AC frequency, ILC power and DC voltage are the corresponding axis. The power sharing through the ILC is dependent on the AC frequency droop and DC voltage droop which occurs due to overloading. This control scheme is compatible for interconnection with multi-port grids. This control schemes provide more reliable, stable and accurate results compare to conventional droop methods.

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Johar, Harminder Singh, Abhijit Bhattacharyya i Srinivas Rao S. "Fault Tolerant Power Supply for Aircraft Store Interface". Defence Science Journal 72, nr 5 (1.11.2022): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.17737.

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This paper brings out the design of a fault-tolerant power supply unit for the aircraft-store interface. This switched mode power supply provides multiple 30 V regulated and isolated DC outputs required for pre-launch preparations and auto-launch operations of avionic sub-systems in a store. 3Ø-115V-400Hz-AC supply as well as 27V-DC supply are available from a fighter aircraft for powering up of any store. Power (wattage) output from 27V/10A DC is inadequate to power up various onboard avionic sub-systems in guided stores involving seekers and other avionics. Hence, it is planned to convert available high power 3Ø-115V-400Hz-AC supply for applications requiring higher wattages (of the order of 500 watts or more). This power supply provides multiple output options of 30V regulated and isolated DC supply with multiple input supplies from Aircraft, viz. 3Ø-115V-400Hz-AC, 1Ø-115V-400Hz-AC and 27V DC. One of the outputs provided is with hold-up capacitors, to cater for any input power interruptions as per requirements of MIL-STD-704F and GOST-19705-89 standards. This power supply is a ready-to-connect device and essentially consists of housing, components of DC to DC conversions, EMI/EMC filters, solid state power controllers, control switches, and control circuitry for monitoring signals.

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Othee, Avpreet, James Cale, Arthur Santos, Stephen Frank, Daniel Zimmerle, Omkar Ghatpande, Gerald Duggan i Daniel Gerber. "A Modeling Toolkit for Comparing AC and DC Electrical Distribution Efficiency in Buildings". Energies 16, nr 7 (25.03.2023): 3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073001.

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Recently, there has been considerable research interest in the potential for DC distribution systems in buildings instead of the traditional AC distribution systems. Due to the need for performing power conversions between DC and AC electricity, DC distribution may provide electrical efficiency advantages in some systems. To support comparative evaluations of AC-only, DC-only, and hybrid AC/DC distribution systems in buildings, a new modeling toolkit called the Building Electrical Efficiency Analysis Model (BEEAM) was developed and is described in this paper. To account for harmonics in currents or voltages arising from nonlinear devices, the toolkit implements harmonic power flow, along with nonlinear device behavioral descriptions derived from empirical measurements. This paper describes the framework, network equations, device representations, and an implementation of the toolkit in an open source software package, including a component library and graphical interface for creating circuits. Simulations of electrical behavior and device and system efficiencies using the toolkit are compared with experimental measurements of a small office environment in a variety of operating and load configurations. A detailed analysis of uncertainty estimation is also provided. Key findings were that a comparison of predicted versus measured efficiencies and power losses in the validation testbed using the initial toolkit implementation predicted device- and system-level efficiencies with reasonably good accuracy under both balanced and unbalanced AC scenarios. An uncertainty analysis also revealed that the maximum estimated error for system efficiency across all scenarios was 3%, and measured and modeled system efficiency agreed within the experimental uncertainty in approximately half of the scenarios. Based on the correspondence between simulation and measurement, the toolkit is proposed by the authors as a potentially useful tool for comparing efficiency in AC, DC, and hybrid AC/DC distribution systems in buildings.

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N. S., Jayalakshmi, i Pramod Bhat Nempu Bhat Nempu. "Performance Enhancement of a Hybrid AC-DC Microgrid Operating with Alternative Energy Sources Using Supercapacitor". International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 12, nr 2 (21.06.2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.12.2.1.

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Microgrids with non-conventional energy sources have become popular recently. Hybrid AC-DC microgrid (HMG) architecture is effectual as it avoids several power conversions for the consumers. Therefore, this article presents a comprehensive study on grid-tied HMG with PV array and wind energy conversion system (WECS) as principal sources. Fuel cell (FC) acts as the auxiliary source in the DC subgrid and the supercapacitor (SC) is used for instantaneous energy management. The hydrogen storage system is used to store surplus power produced by the PV array. The power flow between the subgrids is regulated using the interlinking converter (ILC) by a PQ controller. The main contribution of this article is the comparative investigation of system operation in the HMG configuration in the presence and absence of a supercapacitor bank on the DC bus. The maximum DC bus voltage fluctuation during load variations in the absence and presence of SC bank is found to be 6.6 V and 3.9 V respectively. Similarly, the maximum transient fluctuation in the power supplied to the DC load is found to be 830 W in the absence of SC bank and 340 W in the presence of SC bank

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Ma, Chao-Tsung, i Zhen-Huang Gu. "Review of GaN HEMT Applications in Power Converters over 500 W". Electronics 8, nr 12 (23.11.2019): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121401.

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Because of the global trends of energy demand increase and decarbonization, developing green energy sources and increasing energy conversion efficiency are recently two of the most urgent topics in energy fields. The requirements for power level and performance of converter systems are continuously growing for the fast development of modern technologies such as the Internet of things (IoT) and Industry 4.0. In this regard, power switching devices based on wide-bandgap (WBG) materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) are fast maturing and expected to greatly benefit power converters with complex switching schemes. In low- and medium-voltage applications, GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are superior to conventional silicon (Si)-based devices in terms of switching frequency, power rating, thermal capability, and efficiency, which are crucial factors to enhance the performance of advanced power converters. Previously published review papers on GaN HEMT technology mainly focused on fabrication, device characteristics, and general applications. To realize the future development trend and potential of applying GaN technology in various converter designs, this paper reviews a total of 162 research papers focusing on GaN HEMT applications in mid- to high-power (over 500 W) converters. Different types of converters including direct current (DC)–DC, alternating current (AC)–DC, and DC–AC conversions with various configurations, switching frequencies, power densities, and system efficiencies are reviewed.

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Peña-Carro, Paula, i Oscar Izquierdo-Monge. "Hybrid AC/DC architecture in the CE.D.E.R.-CIEMAT microgrid: demonstration of the TIGON project". Open Research Europe 2 (26.10.2022): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15154.1.

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This article presents the demonstrative development of the Towards Intelligent DC-based hybrid Grids Optimizing the Network performance (TIGON) project at the Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy - Centre for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CE.D.E.R.-CIEMAT), as well as the established objectives to be achieved with the implementation of a microgrid with smart grid architecture based on direct current (DC) and integrated into the current energy system. This type of architecture is proposed as a future solution to reduce energy losses caused by DC-alternating current (AC) conversions, increasing the overall performance and profitability of hybrid grids. All this without forgetting to ensure the supply, stability and reliability of the system with the development of all the necessary equipment and protections to make this approach a reality. The microgrid design and process of implementation start from a transformation centre, from which the medium voltage direct current (MVDC) grid will be created by the solid-state transformer (SST). In the MVDC grid, we will find a bank of lead-acid batteries and other essential equipment in the microgrid, a DC/DC converter that will create the low voltage direct current (LVDC) grid. On the LVDC side, several branches have been designed to connect the rest of the systems: generation (mini-wind and photovoltaic), storage (lithium ferro-phosphate [LFP] batteries) and loads (AC and DC loads). Each of the equipment will have a connection to the DC grid through converters made exclusively for this equipment and connexion to the AC grid, which will allow us to obtain all the necessary data to carry out the required studies to achieve the established objectives of the project.

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Hussein, Husham. "On -Line UPS with Low Frequency Transformer for Isolation". Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 10, nr 2 (1.12.2014): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.10.2.5.

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This paper addressed the design of online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with a low frequency transformer for isolation, based on given specifications which include bypass switch and battery and taken into account the concentrated on open loop operation. Depending on the application, the online UPS system is composed by two stage conversions of AC/DC and DC/AC, the enclosure of these freeloading effects of all components and devices is very important to design the UPS system for acceptable performance. The initial stage of the design is based on the theoretical calculations and few assumptions have been made throughout the design. Simulation work has been carried out by MATLAB/Simulink program to validate the operation of the online UPS system with low frequency transformer isolation. The analysis of the results are presented and the justifications with regards to performance evaluation parameters which some are not satisfied the design specifications are discussed in details.

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Ayub, Muhammad Waqas, Ameer Hamza, George A. Aggidis i Xiandong Ma. "A Review of Power Co-Generation Technologies from Hybrid Offshore Wind and Wave Energy". Energies 16, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010550.

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Renewable energy resources such as offshore wind and wave energy are environmentally friendly and omnipresent. A hybrid offshore wind-wave energy system produces a more sustainable form of energy that is not only eco-friendly but also economical and efficient as compared to use of individual resources. The objective of this paper is to give a detailed review of co-generation technologies for hybrid offshore wind and wave energy. The proposed area of this review paper is based on the power conversions techniques, response coupling, control schemes for co-generation and complimentary generation, and colocation and integrated conversion systems. This paper aims to offer a systematic review to cover recent research and development of novel hybrid offshore wind-wave energy (HOWWE) systems. The current hybrid wind-wave energy structures lack efficiency due to their design and AC-DC-AC power conversion that need to be improved by applying an advanced control strategy. Thus, using different power conversion techniques and control system methodologies, the HOWWE structure can be improved and will be transferrable to the other hybrid models such as hybrid solar and wind energy. The state-of-the-art HOWWE systems are reviewed. Critical analysis of each method is performed to evaluate the best possible combination for development of a HOWWE system.

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Zanasi, Roberto, i Davide Tebaldi. "Modeling Control and Robustness Assessment of Multilevel Flying-Capacitor Converters". Energies 14, nr 7 (30.03.2021): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071903.

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When performing AC/DC-DC/AC power conversions, multilevel converters provide several advantages as compared to classical two-level converters. This paper deals with the dynamic modeling, control, and robustness assessment of multilevel flying-capacitor converters. The dynamic model is derived using the Power-Oriented Graphs modeling technique, which provides the user with block schemes that are directly implementable in the Matlab/Simulink environment by employing standard Simulink libraries. The performed robustness assessment has led to the proposal of a divergence index, which allows for evaluating the voltage balancing capability of the converter using different voltage vector configurations for the extended operation of the converter, namely when the number of output voltage levels is increased for a given number of capacitors. A new variable-step control algorithm is then proposed. The variable-step control algorithm safely enables the converter extended operation, which prevents voltage balancing issues, even under particularly unfavorable conditions, such as a constant desired output voltage or a sudden load change. The simulation results showing the good performances of the proposed variable-step control as compared to a classical minimum distance approach are finally provided and commented in detail.

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Eguchi, Kei, Ratanaubol Rubpongse, Akira Shibata i Yujiro Harada. "An inductor-less universal switched-capacitor converter realizing dc/dc, ac/dc, dc/ac, and ac/ac conversion". Energy Reports 6 (luty 2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.052.

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Cho, Yong-Won, Chun-Yoon Park i Bong-Hwan Kwon. "Single Power-conversion AC-DC Converter with High Power Factor". Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 19, nr 1 (20.02.2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2014.19.1.23.

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Cho, Yong-Won, i Bong-Hwan Kwon. "Active-Clamp AC-DC Converter with Direct Power Conversion". Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 17, nr 3 (20.06.2012): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2012.17.3.230.

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Sivapriyan, R., i D. Elangovan. "Impedance-Source DC-to-AC/DC Converter". Electronics 8, nr 4 (16.04.2019): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8040438.

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This article presents a novel impedance-source-based direct current (DC)-to-alternating current (AC)/DC converter (Z-Source DAD Converter). The Z-Source DAD converter converts the input DC voltage into AC or DC with buck or boost in the load voltage. This Z-Source DAD conversion circuit is a single-stage power conversion system. This converter circuit converts the input DC voltage into variable-magnitude output DC voltage or converts the DC voltage into a variable-magnitude output AC voltage. The higher voltage magnitude in boost mode can be controlled by controlling the shoot-through (ST) state timing of the converter. MATLAB-Simulink simulation and microcontroller-based hardware circuit results are presented to demonstrate power conversion with the buck and boost features of the Z-Source DAD converter for both types of output voltages. The simulation and experimental results show that the Z-Source DAD converter converts the given DC supply into AC or DC with buck or boost in the output load voltage.

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Flaxer, Eli. "Principles, design and implementation of a direct AC-to-AC power converter—Regulated electronic transformer". Review of Scientific Instruments 93, nr 11 (1.11.2022): 114710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122782.

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In the last three decades, the energy conversion market has been dominated by switching power converters due to reduction of size and cost of electronic components. This market includes four types of conversion: DC–DC, DC–AC, AC–DC, and AC–AC. While the first three types are applied directly in a single conversion, the AC–AC converter is comprised of two serial converters leading to an AC–DC–AC conversion. This article introduces, for the first time, a real direct single-stage AC–AC conversion electronic transformer. The single stage AC–AC converter is fabricated using a unique high efficiency topology, combined with the advantages of dual-stage power-quality protection. This single-stage AC–AC regulated electronic transformer is stabilized, controlled, protected, and can lock onto any line voltage (110 or 220 V) with a frequency of 45–65 Hz. Stabilization is achieved by fast pulse-width modulation technology, applied by two-way fast solid-state switches. The transformer is controlled by a 150 MHz digital signal processor and is fully protected against overcurrent and output short circuits. Our first stage transformer is a single-phase device with 5 kW power with an efficiency of better than 97% with one-tenth of the weight and volume of present conventional electromechanical transformers.

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Kumar, Srisanthosh. "Single Power-Conversion Ac–Dc Converter with High Power Factor Based On ZVZCS for Dc Drive Applications". International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, nr 4 (20.12.2019): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i4/pr190397.

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Jeong, Seo-Gwang, Woo-Jun Cha, Sung-Ho Lee i Bong-Hwan Kwon. "Single-Power-Conversion Series-Resonant AC-DC Converter with High Efficiency". Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 21, nr 3 (20.06.2016): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2016.21.3.224.

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Goodman, C. J. "Power Electronic Convertors: AC/DC Conversion". IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Applications 134, nr 3 (1987): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-b.1987.0021.

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Ovcharenko, N. I. "Fast ac to dc voltage conversion". Measurement Techniques 34, nr 5 (maj 1991): 480–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00975266.

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Muralidharan, S., M. Muhaidheen, R. Banumalar i S. Alagammal. "Optimization of Harmonics in Novel Multilevel Inverter using Black Wolf and Whale Optimization algorithms". International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100347.

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High-quality electrical energy is the most needed thing for standard living. We use power electronics converters for the conversion of different forms of electrical energy and we use them for producing quality power output. We use semiconductor devices as switches in the process of conversion of DC-DC, AC-DC, AC-AC, and DC-AC according to the requirement of the system. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the quality of output power from a multilevel inverter which is used in the conversion of DC supply to AC output voltage. Production of quality power by optimizing the multilevel inverter switching using Whale Optimization Algorithm helps the proposed inverter topology to perform well. The suggested topology and the optimization technique will help in harvesting multiple renewable energy sources with improved quality of power. Different DC sources of different voltage levels could be connected in input and the resultant AC output has less ripple content as per the IEEE standard. A detailed comparison has been made to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

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Ma, Runzhuo. "Analysis and Design Based on the Operation Mode of Power Electronic Transformer in Smart Grid". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012073.

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Abstract Power electronic transformers(PET) are the key energy conversion equipment in the operation of modern smart grids, the main function of PET is to achieve the conversion of AC voltage to AC voltage, while taking into account the DC ports. This article mainly studies three-stage power electronic transformers based on three-phase uncontrolled rectifier, full-bridge isolated DC-DC converter and three-phase inverter. The operation mechanism and actual working process of the three parts of the PET are analyzed respectively, and the transformer is simulated and analyzed based on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform. The rectifier converts the AC voltage on the grid side into a rippled DC voltage; the DC-DC converter transforms the obtained DC voltage, taking into account the access of the DC ports; the inverter converts the obtained DC voltage into AC voltage through unipolar modulation and connects to the grid. The experimental results show that the PET constructed in this way can operate safely and stably, which has good voltage conversion and electrical isolation functions, and can be connected to DC loads.

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Mudadla, Dhananjaya, Devendra Potnuru, Raavi Satish, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz i Adel El-Shahat. "New Class of Power Converter for Performing the Multiple Operations in a Single Converter: Universal Power Converter". Energies 15, nr 17 (29.08.2022): 6293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176293.

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Universal power converters (UPCs) have aroused significant attention in performing multiple operations in a single power converter. Furthermore, they contribute to economic operation and improved system performance. In this work, a new configuration of the universal power converter (UPC) was proposed by using a simple switching arrangement. It can perform different modes of operations, such as AC–DC, DC–DC, DC–AC, AC–AC, and cyclo-converter operations. In DC–DC conversion, the proposed configuration can perform buck mode, boost mode, and buck–boost mode of operations. Moreover, in DC–AC conversion, it gives better total harmonic distortion (THD). The effectiveness of the proposed configuration was verified by an extensive simulation, using MATLAB/Simulink environment. A low-power prototype circuit was designed to test the viability of the proposed circuit configuration and validated with simulation results.

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29

Akherraz, M. "IGBT Based DC/DC Converter". Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 2 (1.12.1997): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol2iss0pp49-56.

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This paper presents an in-depth analytical and experimental investigation of an indirect DC-DC converter. The DC-AC conversion is a full bridge based on IGBT power modules, and the AC-DC conversion is done via a high frequency AC link and a first diode bridge. The AC link, which consists of snubbing capacitors and a variable air-gap transformer, is analytically designed to fulfill Zero Voltage commutation requirement. The proposed converter is simulated using PSPICE and a prototype is designed built and tested in the laboratory. PSPICE simulation and experimental results are presented and compared.

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30

Zhang, Kai Feng, i Hai Ming Zhou. "Hierarchical Structural Model of AC/DC Power Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (marzec 2013): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.821.

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The hierarchical decomposition and modeling method of large-scale power systems proposed previously is expanded to be suitable for AC/DC power systems in this paper. In the new model of AC/DC systems, DC systems will have the same position as AC systems. The components in AC/DC power systems are classified into three categories, namely conversion components, DC components and AC components. By analyzing the difference between DC interface and AC interface, the unified structural model suitable for any kind of component in AC/DC systems is built. Then, the hierarchical structural model is derived based on the hierarchical decomposition method. The main characteristics of the proposed AC/DC model are the same as that of previous AC model.

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31

Soomro, Abdul Hameed. "Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of AC-AC Three Phase Matrix Converter with LC Filter driving Static Resistive Load". Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology 20, nr 2 (28.12.2022): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.2002.14.

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During the last two decades, it has been seen that power conversion from one form to another form of energy was a serious issue in power electronics. After the production of power converters such as rectifiers that convert AC-DC, inverters that convert DC-AC, voltage regulators, choppers, and cycloconverters make possible power conversion. In 1980, Venturini presented the concept of the Matrix Converter in power electronics; it consists of bidirectional IGBT switches and can conduct current and block reverse and forward voltage. Nowadays matrix converter is frequently utilized for power conversion because it can convert AC-AC, AC-DC, DC-DC, and DC- AC directly without an energy storage device which results in less complexity and cost. In matrix converters, high switching frequency harmonics are produced due to the switching of converters and need to be minimized. In this paper, an LC filter is employed to mitigate the problem of harmonics at the output of the three-phase matrix converter. A three-phase matrix converter with an LC filter is presented in this paper and the SVM technique is used for the generation of pulses. Simulation results are carried out through MATLAB software.

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32

Irawan, Denny. "DESAIN KONVERTER BOOST DENGAN METODE KECERDASAN BUATAN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER STM32F103C8". E-Link: Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Informatika 15, nr 1 (3.08.2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/e-link.v15i1.1604.

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Energy conversion is needed to serve load characteristics according to consumer needs. Some of the human energy conversion techniques to date include: AC to DC (Rectifier), AC to AC (AC Controller), DC to AC (Inverter), DC to DC (Chopper).The use of electromechanical switching has begun to be reduced or even abandoned and replaced by electrical switching which has very high switching speeds.The energy conversion technique also includes the regulation of the output voltage produced by a converter so that current research is leading to the design of a reliable converter.Boost Converter is a converter that functions to regulate and increase the output voltage of the source voltage by setting its duty cycle.The optimal duty cycle value to produce the output voltage that is in accordance with the target, can be determined using the Flower Pollination (FPA) algorithm, together with the current sensor as feedback, and then controlled by the STM32F103C8 Microcontroller.

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33

Jia, Dongyu, Ming Yan, Rongwei Feng i Shuangyu Li. "Error factors of AC-DC conversion circuits accuracy". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2132, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2132/1/012039.

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Abstract Voltage standard source is an important basic instrument in the electrical measurement and testing field, and it has important guarantee significance for many industries. AC voltage standard source is based on AC-DC conversion technology to achieve output function of high precision AC voltage. In order to get a better effect of AC-DC conversion, the three factors—operational amplifier, resistance and diode—that have a greater impact on the accuracy of the rectifier output were taken the research object, and their impacts on the circuit error were analyzed respectively. The output result was compared with the output of full wave precision rectification circuit under ideal state, and the scheme of reducing error in the precision rectifier circuit was summarized, which provides a reference for improving the accuracy of AC-DC conversion in the design of full wave rectifier circuit.

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34

Oğuz, Yüksel, İrfan Güney i Hüseyin Çalık. "Power Quality Control and Design of Power Converter for Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion System with Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/783010.

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The control strategy and design of an AC/DC/AC IGBT-PMW power converter for PMSG-based variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (VSWECS) operation in grid/load-connected mode are presented. VSWECS consists of a PMSG connected to a AC-DC IGBT-based PWM rectifier and a DC/AC IGBT-based PWM inverter with LCL filter. In VSWECS, AC/DC/AC power converter is employed to convert the variable frequency variable speed generator output to the fixed frequency fixed voltage grid. The DC/AC power conversion has been managed out using adaptive neurofuzzy controlled inverter located at the output of controlled AC/DC IGBT-based PWM rectifier. In this study, the dynamic performance and power quality of the proposed power converter connected to the grid/load by output LCL filter is focused on. Dynamic modeling and control of the VSWECS with the proposed power converter is performed by using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the output voltage, power, and frequency of VSWECS reach to desirable operation values in a very short time. In addition, when PMSG based VSWECS works continuously with the 4.5 kHz switching frequency, the THD rate of voltage in the load terminal is 0.00672%.

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35

Reddy, K. Rajasekhara, V. Nagabhaskar Reddy i M. Vijaya Kumar. "Control of Single Stage Grid Tied Photovoltaic Inverter Using Incremental Conductance Method". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, nr 4 (1.12.2018): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1702-1708.

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In this investigation, a study on grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) system with single stage power conversion (SSPC) is proposed. Double Stage Power Conversion (DSPC) topology contains two power conversion stages namely DC-DC conversion and DC-AC conversion, but the SSPC system converts DC power to high-quality AC power supply for grid connected PV system. The SSPC system has several advantages over DSPC, such as better use of the PV arrays, higher efficiency, low cost and compact size. Present work proposes a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) along with incremental conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (IC-MPPT) for inverter switching. The PV voltage and Grid Voltages verifies under normal and change of atmospheric conditions using MATLAB / SIMULINK.

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36

Ganesan, Manikandan, K. R. Ishwarya, Demoz Lisanework i Ganesh Babu Loganathan. "Design and Implementation of Single Phase to Three Phase Drive System Using Space Vector Modulation". Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, nr 2 (29.06.2021): 2221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i2.1870.

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This paper discusses about the transformation of 1Φ to 3Φ drive system. Generally, the distribution of electric power is typically three phase, however, when it is distributed to suburban areas, small scale industries and rural areas it is single phase. This proposed system was developed by using MATLAB Simulink Model and Hardware Implementation. It describes various conversion techniques such as AC to DC conversion using single phase rectifier, DC to DC conversion by using boost converter, DC to Three phase AC by using space vector modulation inverter. Besides software, hardware system was also developed to control the 3Φ asynchronous motor and its performance was successfully obtained.

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37

Sandelic, Monika, Ariya Sangwongwanich i Frede Blaabjerg. "Reliability Evaluation of PV Systems with Integrated Battery Energy Storage Systems: DC-Coupled and AC-Coupled Configurations". Electronics 8, nr 9 (19.09.2019): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8091059.

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Deployment of a battery energy storage system for the photovoltaic (PV) application has been increasing at a fast rate. Depending on the number of power conversion units and their type of connection, the PV-battery system can be classified into DC- and AC-coupled configurations. The number of the components and their electrical loading directly affects the reliability of each of the configurations. Hence, in order to assure high efficiency and lifetime of the PV-battery system, reliability assessment of power conversion units (representing the most reliability-critical system components) is necessary. With respect to that, in this paper, a reliability assessment of the PV-battery system is performed and a comparison of the DC- and AC-coupled configuration reliability is conducted. In the analysis, all parts of the power conversion system, i.e., DC/DC and DC/AC converter units, are taken into consideration and component-, converter- and system-level reliability is assessed. A case study of 6 kW PV system with integrated 3 kW/7.5 kWh battery system has shown that higher reliability is achieved for DC-coupled configuration. The obtained results indicate that the probability of failure for the 15% of the population for DC-coupled configuration occurs 7 years later than that is a case for AC-coupled configuration. Finally, the presented analysis can serve as a benchmark for lifetime and reliability assessment of power conversion units in PV-battery systems for both configuration types. It provides information about differences in electrical and thermal loading of the power conversion units and resulting reliability of the two configurations.

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38

Vani, E., i N. Rengarajan. "Optimal operation of Low Cost Topology for Improving the Power Quality in the Wind Power Conversion System". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1, nr 3 (1.03.2016): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i3.pp523-533.

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In this paper, Vienna rectifier and Z Source Inverter (ZSI) based Wind Power Conversion System (WPCS) has been proposed with less number of switches to provide high quality power to off grid system. The three phase full bridge converter has six switches for the conversion of AC-DC and also need separate DC-DC boost converter to boost the DC voltage. In the proposed WPCS, three Phase Vienna rectifier has only three switches for the conversion of AC-DC and also it boosts the DC voltage. The ZSI jointly with Vienna rectifier provides higher, boosted AC voltage and high quality power to the off grid system. The ZSI utilizes the shoot-through states to boost the DC link voltage and also, reduces the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) noise. The combination of Vienna rectifier and Z source inverter shows the good performance which improves the efficiency and reduces Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The performance of the proposed system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. Simulation and experimental results expose that, this configuration is beneficial with respect to power quality improvement with less number of switches compared to a conventional converter.

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39

Stachon, K., G. Dissertori, T. Gadek, M. Hansen, S. Lusin i W. Lustermann. "Modern high-availability multi-stage power distribution system for the CMS phase-2 upgrade". Journal of Instrumentation 18, nr 02 (1.02.2023): C02053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/c02053.

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Abstract The operation of CMS at the HL-LHC requires an upgrade of the readout electronics. These new modern micro-electronics require power at precise voltages between 1.2 V and 2.5 V. We will deliver this power using a 3-stage system, comprising AC-DC conversion to 380 V DC followed by radiation-tolerant 12 V DC-DC power converters feeding radiation-hard point-of-load DC-DC converter. We have studied an industrial 380 V AC-DC conversion system, featuring hot-swappable 3 kW power modules, stackable up to ∼1 MW system. Such systems are candidates for the first conversion step, feeding custom power supplies accepting 400 V DC input voltage. Our tests on one of the commercially available systems purchased from Eltek demonstrated that the system complied with our requirements, most notably in terms of maintainability, availability and power quality. A few measurement plots perceived by authors as particularly interesting are discussed in this contribution.

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40

Suresh, K., i E. Parimalasundar. "A novel dual-leg DC-DC converter for wide range DC-AC conversion". Automatika 63, nr 3 (30.03.2022): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2022.2056809.

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41

Kish, Gregory J., i Peter W. Lehn. "A Comparison of DC/AC and DC/DC Modular Multilevel Energy Conversion Processes". IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 4, nr 4 (2015): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.4.370.

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Biswas, Shuvra Prokash, Md Shihab Uddin, Md Rabiul Islam, Sudipto Mondal i Joysree Nath. "A Direct Single-Phase to Three-Phase AC/AC Power Converter". Electronics 11, nr 24 (16.12.2022): 4213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244213.

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The traditional DC-link indirect AC/AC power converters (AC/DC/AC converters) employ two-stage power conversion, which increases the circuit complexity along with gate driving challenges, placing an excessive burden on the processor while implementing complex switching modulation techniques and leads to power conversion losses due to the use of a large amount of controlled power semiconductor switches. On the contrary, the traditional direct AC/AC voltage controllers, as well as frequency changers, suffer from high total harmonic distortion (THD) problems. In this paper, a new single-phase to three-phase AC/AC step-down power converter is proposed, which utilizes a multi-linking transformer and bilateral triode thyristors (TRIACs) as power semiconductor switches. The proposed direct AC/AC power converter employs single-stage power conversion, which mitigates the complexity of two-stage DC-link indirect AC/AC converters and traditional single-stage AC/AC frequency changers. Instead of using high-frequency pulse width modulated gate driving signals, line frequency gate pulses are used to trigger the TRIACs of the proposed AC/AC converter, which not only aids in reducing the power loss of the converter but also mitigates the cost and complexity of gate driver circuits. The proposed AC/AC converter reduces the THD of the output voltage significantly as compared to traditional direct AC/AC frequency changers. The performance of the proposed AC/AC converter is validated against RL and induction motor load in terms of overall THD and individual harmonic components through MATLAB/Simulink environment. A reduced-scale laboratory prototype is built and tested to evaluate the performance of the proposed AC/AC power converter. The experimental and simulation outcomes reveal the feasibility and excellent features of the proposed single-phase to three-phase AC/AC converter topology.

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43

Anu, S. "Digitally Controlled Switch Mode Power Supply Based on Matrix Converter". Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 3, nr 1 (5.05.2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2014.3.1.1914.

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In this paper, a switch mode power supply based on matrix converter is proposed for telecommunication applications. The conventional high power switch mode power supply consists of an AC/DC conversion with boost converter followed by a DC/DC converter to produce dc voltage. These rectifiers draw significant harmonic current from the utility, resulting in poor input power factor with high total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed AC-AC system is an effective replacement of the conventional system which employs twostep power conversion. In the proposed approach, the matrix converter directly converts the low frequency (50 Hz, three phases) input to a high frequency (10 kHz, single phase) ac output without a dc-link. The output of the matrix converter is then processed via a high frequency isolation transformer to produce dc voltage. Control of the system ensures that output voltage is regulated and input currents are of high quality. The matrix converter forms an attractive topology of power converter for high power applications where factors such as absence of electrolytic capacitors, potentiality of increasing power density, reducing size and weight, good input power quality are fundamental. The proposed method is verified using Simulink toolbox of MATLAB 7.2 version.

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44

Carr, C. K. "From DC to AC [rotary lime kiln conversion]". IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 9, nr 4 (lipiec 2003): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mia.2003.1206912.

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Manickam, Raju, i Subramaniam Nettiampalayam Palaniappan. "Upgrading transmission line capability by AC–DC conversion". Computers & Electrical Engineering 68 (maj 2018): 616–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.01.031.

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46

Guan, Chao Jie, Jin Quan Zhao, Jian Hua Yin, Kun Men i Chao Hong. "Geometric Parameterization Technique Based Continuation Power Flow and its Applications in AC/DC Hybrid Power System". Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (sierpień 2013): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.857.

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A new continuation power flow method based on local geometric parameterization technique is proposed for voltage stability analysis of AC/DC hybrid power system. By means of the alternating iteration method as the AC/DC power flow algorithm, the proposed method takes the coupling relationship between AC and DC systems into account to modify Jacobian matrix of AC system. Constraints of variables in DC system are also considered, as well as the adjustment of converter transformers tap position and the conversion of converters control modes. Based on the predictor-corrector method, this paper adopts the geometric corrector, and changes the direction of convergence effectively. According to different operation modes of AC/DC system, accurate voltage stability limit and the entire PV curve can be acquired. Simulation results of IEEE test systems are used to show the validity of the proposed algorithm.

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47

Huang, Xinwei. "Mechanism Analysis of PET". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2450, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2450/1/012068.

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Abstract With the application of distributed power sources, power electronic transformer (PET) that can be connected to DC and AC power grids has attracted much attention. This article will design a PET and simulate its performance when it is connected to the grid.PET consists of three inverters. This article will design and simulate AC-DC and DC-AC inverters, and analyze their principles and performance. Then three inverters are combined into PET, so that the conversion performance of PET to voltage can be simulated and evaluated.

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48

Bouzguenda, Mounir, i Tarek Selmi. "Review of DC-AC converters for photovoltaic conversion chains". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp886-901.

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This paper is devoted to the state of the art in photovoltaic (PV) conversion chains and their architectures. Two major characteristics are considered to classify these chains. These are the galvanic isolation and the number of stages; characteristics generally localized around the DC-AC converter (inverter) at the end of the PV conversion chain. Therefore, this paper deals with a comprehensive review of the different inverter topologies that can be integrated into PV conversion chains, distinguishing between the transformer based and the transformer-less conversion chains. The paper demonstrates that to this date, transformer-based inverters are very common and widely used, have a long record of accomplishment as a component of solar energy systems, in particular for residential applications because of their greater efficiency, smaller size, and lower costs. Nevertheless, transformer-less chains are touted with some problems and shortcomings. Moreover, solar energy storage devices, wireless charging systems in stations and along the highways require the re-examination of the existing solar PV conversion chains, their architectures and possibly new conversion chains suitable for all distributed generation including electric cars and storage devices.

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Ibrahim, Oladimeji, N. Z. Yahaya, N. Saad i K. Y. Ahmed. "Design and Analysis of a Digital Controller for Boost Converter with Renewable Energy Sources for Domestic DC Load". Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (sierpień 2015): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.141.

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Renewable energy sources like solar PV produces DC voltage which is converted to AC before connecting to domestic grid network. The conversion process from DC to AC and back to DC at load end introduce additional losses in the system. With increasing availability of modern DC loads and growing use of renewable energy, the use of DC network for domestic load supply is on increase in order to reduce energy conversion losses. Presented in this paper is a fast transient digital controller for DC-DC boost converter with energy source from solar PV for domestic DC loads like lightings. The boost converter was model as both steady and dynamic state. Digital controllers were designed using both digital redesign approach and direct digital redesign approach. The system demonstrated fast transient response that is essential for tightly regulated output voltage from constantly varying renewable energy generations.

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Yadav, Arvind, Subhash Chandra, Mohit Bajaj, Naveen Kumar Sharma, Emad M. Ahmed i Salah Kamel. "A Topological Advancement Review of Magnetically Coupled Impedance Source Network Configurations". Sustainability 14, nr 5 (7.03.2022): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053123.

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Magnetically coupled impedance source networks provide a wide range of applications, such as dc to dc, dc to ac, ac to ac, ac to dc unidirectional or bi-directional power conversion. Various impedance source networks are reported in the literature to overcome the barriers of conventional voltage source inverters. They offer high boost with buck-boost capabilities and reduce power conversion stages. Thus, they provide an economical solution to expanding power systems, and are most suitable for renewable sources having low output. The goal of this study is to provide an in-depth comprehensive review of the major topologies of magnetically coupled impedance source networks. The review is more focused towards the fast-growing niche area, which has seen many advancements in the last few years. Best efforts are made to include relevant major topological advancements, with the aim of providing relevant and accessible information for researchers. This research provides a detailed comparison of essential factors and presents a full assessment of major topological improvements in MCIS networks.

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