Artykuły w czasopismach: „Day weight”

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Thalib, Kristian, F. J. Nangoy, J. R. Leke i M. N. Regar. "PENGARUH BOBOT TELUR HASIL PERSILANGAN ITIK MOJOSARI DAN ALABIO TERHADAP DAYA TETAS, BOBOT DAY OLD DUCK (DOD), DAN MORTALITAS". ZOOTEC 40, nr 1 (9.01.2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.1.2020.27091.

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EFFECT OF EGG WEIGHT FROM CROSSBRED OF MOJOSARI AND ALABIO DUCK BREEDS ON HATCHABILITY, DAY OLD DUCK WEIGHT AND MORTALITY. This study was conducted to determine the effect of egg weights as a result of the crossing between Mojosari and Alabio breeds on hatchability, day old duck (DOD) weight and mortality. This study used 90 eggs from crossbred of Mojosari and Alabio duck breeds. This study applied a completely randomized design. Significant differences were tested using the Duncan test. A complete randomized design involved three treatments with six replications at each treatment using five eggs at each replication. Treatments of egg weights was applied on differences in egg weights as follows, Egg weights A1 of 60 g-64 g, Egg weights A2 of 65 g-69 g and egg weights A3 of 70 g-75 g. The duration of this study was 28 days using a semi-automatic hatching machine. The research variables were day old duck weight (DOD), hatchability and mortality. The results of this study showed that treatments did not affect significantly the hatchability, DOD and mortality (P> 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that varying weights of eggs as results of crossing between Mojosari and Alabio had the same effect on the hatchability, DOD weight and mortality of the generation.Keywords: Duck egg weights, day old duck weight, hatchability, mortality.

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Wilson, D. E., M. F. Rothschild, M. V. Boggess i D. G. Morrical. "Adjustment factors for birth weight and 30-day, 60-day, and 90-day weaning weight in sheep1". Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 113, nr 1-6 (12.01.1996): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1996.tb00589.x.

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Neighbors, Lori A., i Jeffery Sobal. "Weight and weddings: Women's weight ideals and weight management behaviors for their wedding day". Appetite 50, nr 2-3 (marzec 2008): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.11.001.

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Flaherman, Valerie J., Michael W. Kuzniewicz, Sherian Li, Eileen Walsh, Charles E. McCulloch i Thomas B. Newman. "First-day weight loss predicts eventual weight nadir for breastfeeding newborns". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 98, nr 6 (17.07.2013): F488—F492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-303076.

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Marks, Keith H., Elizabeth E. Nardis i Janice A. Derr. "Day-to-Day Energy Expenditure Variability in Low Birth Weight Neonates". Pediatric Research 21, nr 1 (styczeń 1987): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198701000-00015.

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Mohamed, M. A., A. Nada i H. Aly. "Day-by-Day Postnatal Survival in Very Low Birth Weight Infants". PEDIATRICS 126, nr 2 (12.07.2010): e360-e366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2810.

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Malek, Asiah A., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren i James E. Shelton. "Initial Growth of Seedlings of Mountain Laurel as Influenced by Day/Night Temperature". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, nr 5 (wrzesień 1992): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.736.

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Seedlings of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) were grown for 16 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures. The night optimum for all dry weight categories was 22C. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Total plant dry weight and dry weights of tops, leaves, and stems were maximized with days at 26C, but for roots the optimum was 22C. Dry weight accumulation was lower with days at 18 or 30C. Responses of leaf area were similar to that of total plant dry weight, with optimum days and nights at 26 and 22C, respectively. Within the optimal day/night temperature range of 22-26/22C for dry weights, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) increased with day temperatures up to 30C and were highest with nights at 14 or 26C. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with increasing night temperature, and increased curvilinearly in response to day temperature with the minimum at 26C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with increasing day or night temperature. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) was highest with nights at 18 or 22C and decreased with days >22C. Net leaf photosynthetic rate was maximized with days at 26C.

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Starrett, Mark C., Frank A. Blazich i Stuart L. Warren. "Initial Growth of Rosebay Rhododendron Seedlings as Influenced by Day and Night Temperatures". HortScience 28, nr 7 (lipiec 1993): 705–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.7.705.

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Rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) seedlings were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 14 weeks under long (9-hour) days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with 15-hour nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Total dry-matter production was lowest for 18C days and highest for 26C days. A similar response occurred for top, leaf, root, and stem dry weights. Nights at 22C maximized total plant, top, leaf, and stem dry weights. The optimum day/night cycle for dry-matter production was 26/22C. Leaf area was optimum with 18C nights. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with an increase in night temperature to a maximum at 22C. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with an increase in night temperature to a minimum at 22C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) and shoot: root ratio (top dry weight: root dry weight) were not influenced significantly by day or night temperature. A day/night cycle of 26/22C seems to be optimal for producing-salable plants.

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Malek, Asiah A., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren i James E. Shelton. "Initial Growth of Seedlings of Flame Azalea in Response to Day/Night Temperature". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, nr 2 (marzec 1992): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.2.216.

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Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were grown for 12 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures and their interactions. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Root, leaf, top, and total dry weights were maximized with days at 26C in combination with nights at 18 to 26C. Stem dry weight was maximized with days at 26 to 30C and nights at 22C. Leaf area was largest with days at 18 and 26C in combination with nights at 18 or 26C. Within the optimal, day/night temperature range of 26 C/18-26C for total plant dry weight, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) were highest with days at 18 and 30C. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area: total plant dry weight) was highest and specific leaf area (total leaf area: leaf dry weight) was largest when days and nights were at 18C and were lower at higher temperatures. Regardless of day/night temperature, leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) was higher than either the stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) or root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight). Net leaf photosynthetic rate increased with day temperatures up to 30C.

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Maruthur, Nisa M., William M. Vollmer, Jeanne M. Clark, Gerald J. Jerome, Lillian F. Lien, Catherine M. Loria i Lawrence J. Appel. "Measurement of Weight in Clinical Trials: Is One Day Enough?" Journal of Obesity 2010 (2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/413407.

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Background. Weight is typically measured on a single day in research studies. This practice assumes negligible day-to-day weight variability, although little evidence exists to support this assumption. We compared the precision of measuring weight on one versus two days among control participants in the Weight Loss Maintenance trial.Methods. Trained staff measured weight on two separate days at baseline, 12 months, and 30 months (2004–2007). We calculated the standard deviation (SD) of mean weight change from baseline to the 12- and 30-month visits using (a) the first and (b) both daily weights from each visit and conducted a variance components analysis (2009).Results. Of the 316 participants with follow-up measurements, mean (SD) age was 55.8 (8.5) years, BMI was 30.8 (4.5) kg/m2, 64% were women, 36% were black, and 50% were obese. At 12 months, the SD of mean weight change was 5.1 versus 5.0 kg using one versus two days of weight measurements(P=.76), while at 30 months the corresponding SDs were 6.3 and 6.3 kg(P=.98). We observed similar findings within subgroups of BMI, sex, and race. Day-to-day variability within individuals accounted for <1% of variability in weight.Conclusions. Measurement of weight on two separate days has no advantage over measurement on a single day in studies with well-standardized weight measurement protocols.

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Heyman, M. B., V. R. Young, P. Fuss, R. Tsay, L. Joseph i S. B. Roberts. "Underfeeding and body weight regulation in normal-weight young men". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, nr 2 (1.08.1992): R250—R257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.2.r250.

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The mechanisms of energy regulation invoked by moderate dietary restriction were investigated in seven healthy young men of normal body weight leading unrestricted lives. Following a baseline period of weight maintenance, subjects were underfed by 806 +/- 162 (mean +/- SE) kcal/day for 21 days. Changes in total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) and subsequent voluntary nutrient intakes were measured. The REE, averaged for fasting and fed states, decreased during underfeeding by 100 +/- 29 kcal/day (P less than 0.01). TEE decreased nonsignificantly by 296 +/- 170 kcal/day, equivalent to an average of 37% of the decrease in energy intake. Body energy stores were estimated to decrease by 510 +/- 172 kcal/day (P less than 0.03), thus compensating for 63% of the dietary energy deficit on average. Voluntary energy intake following dietary restriction increased above the initial amount required for body weight maintenance, was proportional to the weight loss during underfeeding (P less than 0.03), and was associated with a rapid regain of weight lost during underfeeding. These results indicate that energy balance is regulated by adaptive variations in both energy intake and energy expenditure in normal-weight young men leading unrestricted lives but do not support the hypothesis that energy-wasting mechanisms contribute substantially to body energy regulation.

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Modi, Krupal, Shilpa Khandare, Tushar J. Palekar, Preeti Gazbare, Vidhi Shah i Tanpreet Kaur Mehta. "Weight gain in preterm low birth weight infants with multisensory intervention". International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, nr 4 (22.06.2018): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182576.

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Background: Birth weight is a significant determinant of newborn survival. In neonatal deaths, LBW is the underlying cause in 60-80% cases. This study was aimed to assess whether preterm infants receiving Multisensory intervention had more rapid weight gain compared to control group infants during NICU stay.Methods: Subjects for the study were preterm infants between 32 to 37 weeks of gestation age with birth weight between 1500 g to 2500 g and staying in NICU. Participants meeting inclusion criteria were randomly divided into either experimental group (n=15) or control group (n=15). The experimental group received Multisensory stimulation such as Auditory, Tactile, Visual and Vestibular stimulation for 10 consecutive days (15 min. /day) in NICU. Control group received routine NICU care. Weight was measured using an electronic weighing scale at day-1, day-5 and day-10 of intervention in both the groups and collected data was analysed.Results: The preterm infants of the experimental group had shown better growth than those in the control group with statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the study and the control group at end of 10 days of intervention.Conclusions: From Analysed data, it is concluded that 5-day of Multisensory intervention could not elicit statistically significant improvement in weight gain, but 10 days intervention could elicit significant improvement. The result supports the use of multisensory intervention as a cost-effective therapy to promote growth.

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deGraft-Johnson, Ama, Martin Fisher, Lisa Rosen, Barbara Napolitano i Emma Laskin. "Weight gain in an eating disorders day program". International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 25, nr 2 (1.06.2013): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0027.

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Abstract Background: Day treatment programs have increasingly become an important level of care in the medical and psychiatric management of patients with eating disorders, yet there is little in the literature describing the weight gain patterns of patients in these programs. Methods: Weight gain accomplished by 198 patients admitted to a day program over a 2-year period was studied. Weight gain was analyzed by demographic, diagnostic and program-related variables and was compared for weekdays and weekends. Results: The mean length of stay was 2.6 weeks and patients gained a mean of 2.1 pounds (0.95 kg) in the program. Approximately one-quarter of patients lost weight, one-quarter gained 0 to <2 pounds (0.9 kg), one-quarter gained 2–4 pounds (0.9–1.8 kg), and one-quarter gained more than 4 pounds (1.8 kg). Weight gain was greater in those with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified (compared to bulimia nervosa), a longer time in the program, and a lower body mass index on admission. Patients gained more on weekdays, while in the program, than on weekends, when they were home. Conclusions: The data showed that most patients accomplished modest weight gains during a relatively short stay in an eating disorders day program, demonstrating what can be expected for this level of care in the current healthcare environment.

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Flaherman, Valerie J., Seth Bokser i Thomas B. Newman. "First-Day Newborn Weight Loss Predicts In-Hospital Weight Nadir for Breastfeeding Infants". Breastfeeding Medicine 5, nr 4 (sierpień 2010): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2009.0047.

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Adedibu, I. I., F. E. Sola- Ojo i M. Lawal. "Sokoto Red and Sahelian goats: The untapped potential for improving meat production in the developing economy of Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, nr 4 (27.12.2020): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.494.

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A study was conducted on indigenous unselected Sokoto Red (SR) and Sahel (SH) goats in National Animal Production Research Institute, (NAPRI), Ahmadu Bello University, Shika- Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was carried out to understand how birth, pre- weaning and post-weaning weights in the SR and SH goats can be used to improve their productivity. Thirty kids (10 males and 20 females) of SR and thirty kids (10 males and 20 females) of SH breeds of goat were utilised for this study. Results obtained showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) was very low. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among mean bodyweight at birth, 30 days pre-weaning, 60 days pre-weaning, 90 days post- weaning and 120 days post-weaning weights of SR and SH goats except at 150 days post- weaning weight. Highly positive phenotypic correlations existed in the SR goats between 90- day weaning weight and 120-day post weaning; 90-day weaning weight and 150-day post weaning.120-day post weaning weight and 150-day post weaning.The birth weight of the SH goats were highly significant (P<0.05) and positively correlated with body weight at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days old. It was observed that the sampled population was homogeneous for all traits. The 90-day weight of the SR can be utilised to improve for body weight at 30-, 120- and 150- days of age while in the SH goat, selection for high birth weight would enhance improvement for high body weight at later stages of growth.

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Nanna, Michael G., Alexander E. Sullivan, Vlada Bazylevska, Risa L Wong, Terrence E. Murphy, Lavanya Bellumkonda i Robert L. McNamara. "Weight change in heart failure inpatients not associated with 30-day readmission". Future Cardiology 16, nr 4 (lipiec 2020): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca-2019-0047.

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Background: The association of weight change and short-term readmission in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) has not been well studied. Methods: We collected clinical and weight data from patients admitted with decompensated HF to a single center (2012−2013). We performed logistic regression to determine the association between weight change and two outcomes: a total of 30-day HF-specific readmission and 30-day all-cause readmission. Results: Admission and discharge weights were documented in 479/658 patients (73%). Weight loss >2 kg was not associated with 30-day all-cause or HF-specific readmission when compared with more modest inpatient weight change (-2 kg to +2 kg; all-cause readmission odds ratio: 0.86; CI: 0.56−1.37; HF-specific readmission odds ratio: 1.15; CI: 0.61−2.16). Conclusion: Among HF inpatients, in-hospital weight loss was not associated with 30-day all-cause or HF-specific readmission.

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Bartness, T. J., J. M. Hamilton, G. N. Wade i B. D. Goldman. "Regional differences in fat pad responses to short days in Siberian hamsters". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, nr 6 (1.12.1989): R1533—R1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.6.r1533.

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Siberian hamsters exhibit decreased body weight and fat after initial exposure to short photoperiods and increased body weight and fat after extended short photoperiod exposure. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine if uniform changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) pad weights and lipid metabolism correspond to these short photoperiod-induced changes in body fat. Carcass lipid content and testes and fat pad weights [retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT), epididymal WAT (EWAT), and inguinal and dorsal subcutaneous WAT, respectively] were decreased in male hamsters relative to their long day counterparts after 6 and 12 wk of short-day exposure. Moreover, EWAT and RWAT weight, EWAT specific lipoprotein lipase activity, and specific and total lipogenesis were disproportionately decreased relative to the subcutaneous fat pads. The changes in fat pad weight and metabolism were generally reversed coincident with the return to a long-day-like reproductive status after prolonged short-day exposure (24 and 30 wk). In a less detailed experiment, female Siberian hamsters had decreased body, fat pad, and uterine weights after 6 wk of short-day exposure; however, no fat pad-specific changes in weight were observed. The results of these experiments demonstrate that short-day-exposed male Siberian hamsters may be a useful model for examining mechanisms underlying fat pad-specific responses. In addition, gender appears to influence the pattern of short-day-induced lipid depletion in this species.

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Robinson, DL, i PK O'Rourke. "Genetic parameters for liveweights of beef cattle in the tropics". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, nr 6 (1992): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921297.

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This paper describes a genetic analysis of 20000 weighings from 1980-1988 on the progeny of more than 210 sires from three straightbred Brahman and one crossbred herd (Brahman or SahiwalxBritish breeds) in the Australian tropics. 200 day weight averaged 192 kg, very slightly less than 200 day weight in temperate Australia with similar phenotypic variance of 520 kg2. Mean 550, 700, and 900 day weights of 310, 350 and 450 kg and phenotypic variances of 800, 800 and 1485 kg2 were lower than in temperate regions at the same ages. Direct heritabilities for weight averaged 41% in the Brahmans and 31% in the crossbred herd. Genetic correlations amongst 200 day and later weights were 81-92%, except for an estimate of 63% between 200 and 900 day weights. Estimates of heritabilities for maternal effects were quite high in the crossbred herd for 200 and 365 day weights (19 and 14%), but only 4-5% for Brahmans. Models and statistical analyses are discussed and results compared with other published estimates from subtropical and temperate regions.

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Nobre, P. R. C., A. N. Rosa i L. O. C. Silva. "Genetic evaluation for large data sets by random regression models in Nellore cattle". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 61, nr 4 (sierpień 2009): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352009000400026.

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Expected progeny differences (EPD) of Nellore cattle estimated by random regression model (RRM) and multiple trait model (MTM) were compared. Genetic evaluation data included 3,819,895 records of up nine sequential weights of 963,227 animals measured at ages ranging from one day (birth weight) to 733 days. Traits considered were weights at birth, ten to 110-day old, 102 to 202-day old, 193 to 293-day old, 283 to 383-day old, 376 to 476-day old, 551 to 651-day old, and 633 to 733-day old. Seven data samples were created. Because the parameters estimates biologically were better, two of them were chosen: one with 84,426 records and another with 72,040. Records preadjusted to a fixed age were analyzed by a MTM, which included the effects of contemporary group, age of dam class, additive direct, additive maternal, and maternal permanent environment. Analyses were carried out by REML, with five traits at a time. The RRM included the effects of age of animal, contemporary group, age of dam class, additive direct, permanent environment, additive maternal, and maternal permanent environment. Different degree of Legendre polynomials were used to describe random effects. MTM estimated covariance components and genetic parameters for weight at birth and sequential weights and RRM for all ages. Due to the fact that correlation among the estimates EPD from MTM and all the tested RM were not equal to 1.0, it is not possible to recommend RRM to genetic evaluation to large data sets.

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Cameron, N. D., i C. Smith. "Responses in lamb performance from selection on sire 100-day weight". Animal Science 41, nr 2 (październik 1985): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100027896.

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ABSTRACTForty-one Texel and Texel-Oxford sires were selected over 5 years (1978-82) on high and low adjusted 100-day weight from 174 ram lambs artificially reared from birth and performance tested. The correlated responses to selection were measured in 1103 crossbred progeny, out of an experimental group of crossbred ewes, the progeny being naturally reared in field conditions. Hierarchical analysis of variance was performed, fitting the usual fixed effects and interactions. Co-heritabilities (rAh2h2; rA is the genetic correlation between traits with heritabilities h12 and h22) were estimated from offspring-parent regression and from the realized responses to selection. The selection differentials achieved (1·70 standard deviations in 100-day weight between high- and low-weight sires) were lower than expected, due to mating difficulties, mortality and other requirements for the stock. The co-heritabilities for growth traits were generally positive but small (mean 0·08; s.e. 0·08). Though not statistically significant, lambs slaughtered at a fixed weight from the high-weight rams were slaughtered earlier with lighter and leaner carcasses, as expected. Similarly, lambs slaughtered according to fat cover from high-weight rams were slaughtered later with heavier slaughter and carcass weights. Generally, the co-heritabilities for carcass traits were not significantly different from zero for either slaughter group. On the basis of these results, selection on ram 100-day weight with artificial rearing may not offer any advantage over natural rearing in the improvement of lamb growth and carcass traits.

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Appala Naidu, B., Kamala Kannan, D. P. Santhosh Kumar, John W. K. Oliver i Zachary D. Abbott. "LyophilizedB. subtilisZB183 Spores: 90-Day Repeat Dose Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats". Journal of Toxicology 2019 (3.11.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3042108.

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A 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation was conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines on lyophilized spores of the novel genetically modified strainB. subtilisZB183. Lyophilized spores at doses of 109, 1010, and 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day were administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats for a period of 90 consecutive days.B. subtilisZB183 had no effects on clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmological examinations, functional observational battery, body weights, body weight gains and food consumption in both sexes. There were no test item-related changes observed in haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, thyroid hormonal analysis, terminal fasting body weights, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology. A minimal increase in the plasma albumin level was observed at 1010and 1011 CFU/kg/day doses without an increase in total protein in males or females and was considered a nonadverse effect. The “No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)” is defined at the highest dose of 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day for lyophilizedB. subtilisZB183 Spores under the test conditions employed.

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Rajbhandari, Prabi, Chetan Mandelia, Halima S. Janjua, Praveen Kumar Conjeevaram Selvakumar i Sangeeta Krishna. "A 9-Day-Old With Weight Loss and Diarrhea". Pediatrics 139, nr 5 (11.04.2017): e20162953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2953.

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Lukefahr, S. D., H. B. Odi i J. K. Atakora. "Mass selection for 70-day body weight in rabbits." Journal of Animal Science 74, nr 7 (1996): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1996.7471481x.

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Varady, Krista A., Kristin K. Hoddy, Cynthia M. Kroeger, John F. Trepanowski, Monica C. Klempel, Adrienne Barnosky i Surabhi Bhutani. "Determinants of weight loss success with alternate day fasting". Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 10, nr 4 (lipiec 2016): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.020.

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deGraft-Johnson, Ama, i Martin Fisher. "66. Weight Gain in an Eating Disorders Day Program". Journal of Adolescent Health 48, nr 2 (luty 2011): S51—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.112.

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Shabbir, J., P. F. Ridgway, W. Shields, D. Evoy, J. B. O’Mahony i K. Mealy. "Low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis in day case surgery". Irish Journal of Medical Science 175, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03167963.

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Arnaoutis, Giannis, Panagiotis Verginadis, Adam D. Seal, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Labros S. Sidossis i Stavros A. Kavouras. "Progressive Dehydration in Junior Laser Class Sailors During World Championship". International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0142.

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The purpose of this article is to assess the hydration status of elite young sailing athletes during World Championship competition. Twelve young, elite, male, Laser Class sailors (age: 15.8 ± 1.1 y, height: 1.74 ± 0.1 m, weight: 65.1 ± 1.5 kg, body fat: 12.5 ± 3.1%, training experience: 7.0 ± 1.2 y) participated in this descriptive study. After three-day baseline bodyweight measurements, hydration status was assessed via pre- and post-race body weights, urine-specific gravity, and thirst ratings via a visual analog scale during four consecutive days of racing. Measurements and data collection took place at the same time each racing day, with mean environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed at 23.0 ± 0.8°C, 64–70%, and 9 ± 1 knots, respectively. Average racing time was 130 ± 9 min. Body weight was significantly decreased following each race-day as compared to prerace values (Day 1: −1.1 ± 0.2, Day 2: −2.5 ± 0.1, Day 3: −2.8 ± 0.1, and Day 4: −3.0 ± 0.1% of body weight; p < 0.05). The participants exhibited dehydration of −2.9 ± 0.2 and −5.8 ± 0.2% of body weight before and after the fourth racing day as compared to the three-day baseline body weight. Urine-specific gravity (pre–post → Day 1: 1.014–1.017; Day 2: 1.019–1.024; Day 3: 1.021–1.026; Day 4: 1.022–1.027) and thirst (pre–post → Day 1: 2.0–5.2; Day 2: 3.2–5.5; Day 3: 3.7–5.7; Day 4: 3.8–6.8) were also progressively and significantly elevated throughout the four days of competition. The data revealed progressive dehydration throughout four consecutive days of racing as indicated by decreased body weight, elevated urine concentration, and high thirst.

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Crumps, R. E., G. Simm, D. Nicholson, R. H. Findlay, J. G. E. Bryan i R. Thompson. "Results of multivariate individual animal model genetic evaluations of british pedigree beef cattle". Animal Science 65, nr 2 (październik 1997): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800016507.

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AbstractThis paper reports the procedures put into place in the UK for the genetic evaluation of pedigree beef cattle and estimation of genetic trends using a comprehensive model to allow critical analysis of progress made under previous data recording schemes. Live weights of Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, South Devon and Aberdeen Angus beef cattle, recorded by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) from 1970 to 1992 were analysed, as part of a project to introduce best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) of breeding value in the British beef industry. Birth weights were available from MLC or the relevant breed society, (4000 to 84000 records, depending on the breed) and 200- and 400-day weights were estimated by within-animal linear regression on all available weights (resulting in 8000 to 48000 records per breed). Animals were retrospectively assigned to contemporary groups within herds, separately for each trait, taking account of observed calving patterns. Records were adjusted to correct for heterogeneity of variance between herds. BLUP evaluations were then performed within breed, fitting a multivariate individual animal model. In addition to additive direct genetic effects, additive maternal genetic and dam permanent environmental effects were included for birth weight and 200-day weight. Unknown parents were assigned to genetic groups, based on estimated date of birth. The model included fixed effects for contemporary group, sex, month of birth, birth type (single or multiple), embryo transfer births, fostered calves, breed of dam, proportion purebred and age of dam. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing estimated breeding values for animals on their year of birth. Trends in birth weight, 200-day weight and 400-day weight between 1970 and 1992 were approximately 0·09, 0·73 and 1·38 kg per annum respectively for the Charolais breed; 0·08, 0·76 and 1·33 kg per annum for the Simmental; 0·06, 0·53 and 0·89 kg per annum for the Limousin; 0·12, 1·02 and 1·86 kg per annum for the Aberdeen Angus; and 0·03, 0·38 and 0·82 kg per annum for the South Devon breed.

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Rowe, D. Bradley, Stuart L. Warren i Frank A. Blazich. "Seedling Growth of Catawba Rhododendron. I. Temperature Optima, Leaf Area, and Dry Weight Distribution". HortScience 29, nr 11 (listopad 1994): 1298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1298.

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Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.) seedlings of two provenances, Johnston County, N.C. (35°45′N, 78°12′W, elevation = 67 m), and Yancey County, N.C. (35°45′N, 82°16′W, elevation = 1954 m), were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 18 weeks with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Shoot and root dry weights and total leaf areas of seedlings of the Yancey County provenance (high elevation) exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) those of the Johnston County (low elevation) provenance at all temperature combinations. Leaf area was maximal at 22/22C, 18/26C, and 22/26C and minimal at 30/14C (day/night). Shoot dry weight responded similarly. Root dry weight decreased linearly with increasing day temperature, but showed a quadratic response to night temperature. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased, while root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with increasing day temperature. Leaf weight ratio was consistently higher than either stem or root weight ratios. Day/night cycles of 22 to 26/22C appear optimal for seedling growth.

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Kleczek, K., E. Wilkiewicz-Wawro, K. Wawro i W. Makowski. "Effect of body weights of day-old Muscovy ducklings on growths and carcass traits". Archives Animal Breeding 50, nr 2 (10.10.2007): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-204-2007.

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Abstract. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of the body weights of day-old Muscovy ducklings on some slaughter value traits of females aged ten weeks and males aged twelve weeks. The relationships between the body weights of day-old ducklings, daily gains and slaughter value of grown-up ducks were also analyzed. The experimental materials comprised 96 White Muscovy ducklings (46 ♂ and 50 ♀). Males and females were reared separately, to twelve and ten weeks of age respectively. At the completion of the rearing period the birds were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed. The carcasses were chilled, weighed and subjected to a detailed dissection. Before statistical calculations were carried out, males and females were divided into five weight groups, depending on their body weights on the first day following hatching. At the end of the experiment it was found that the grown-up ducks once classified as light, medium-heavy and heavy ducklings did not differ significantly in terms of body weight, mean daily gains, carcass weight, as well as the weight and percentage of particular tissue components in a carcass. Low and statistically non-significant values of the coefficients of simple correlation and regression suggest a lack of interdependences between the body weights of day-old ducklings and the slaughter value parameters of adult Muscovy ducks. The only exception was the carcass dressing percentage of males, which was found to be significantly negatively correlated with their body weights on the first day of life.

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Steinberg, Dori M., Gary G. Bennett, Sandy Askew i Deborah F. Tate. "Weighing Every Day Matters: Daily Weighing Improves Weight Loss and Adoption of Weight Control Behaviors". Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 115, nr 4 (kwiecień 2015): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.12.011.

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Simcic, M., i M. Cepon. "The effect of age at the beginning of grazing season on 205-day and 365-day weight in Charolais and Limousine calves". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, nr 5-6-1 (2007): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701261s.

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The effect of age at the beginning of grazing season on 205-day and 365-day weight of calves was analysed. Data included 234 Charolais and 122 Limousine calves reared at the Educational and Research Animal Husbandry Centre Logatec (Slovenia). Calves were born between years 1995 and 2006. The effects of breed, sex (nested within breed), parity (nested within breed) and year of birth as fixed effects were included in the model. Age at the beginning of grazing season and birth weight as linear regression were also included in the model. Age at the beginning of grazing season as linear regression influenced 205-day weight (p=0.0007) and 365-day weight (p=0.0049), too. Breed, sex within breed, year of birth, and birth weight also influenced 205-day and 365-day weight. Coefficient of determination was higher (0.80) for 365-day weight compared to 205-day weight (0.51).

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Quist, M. A., S. J. LeBlanc, K. J. Hand, D. Lazenby, F. Miglior i D. F. Kelton. "Agreement of Predicted 305-Day Milk Yields Relative to Actual 305-Day Milk Weight Yields". Journal of Dairy Science 90, nr 10 (październik 2007): 4684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-833.

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Agyemang, K. "Adjustment of birth weight for weighing age and relationship of standardized birth weight with early mortality in N'Dama calves under traditional husbandry systems in The Gambia". Animal Science 55, nr 3 (grudzień 1992): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020985.

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AbstractBirth-weight data recorded between 1986 and 1991 on 3453 N'Dama calves from the village production systems of The Gambia were analysed to identify major factors influencing this trait and to quantify the relationship between birth weight and early calf mortality. Birth weights were measured over a range of time, from a few hours to 14 days after birth. Least-squares analysis of the fixed effects of site, year and season of birth, parity of dam, sex, age in days at which birth weight was recorded and random effects of herd and cow nested within site showed that all these factors significantly influenced this trait.A subset of these data (no. = 2452) was used to derive adjustment factors which were applied to the larger data set to standardize birth weights to a common age measurement. Results from these adjustments showed that birth weights recorded between the 7th and 14th day after birth should be decreased by proportionately 0·12 to 0·14 to be comparable with those measured on day of birth.Maximum likelihood analyis of cumulative calf mortality to 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age using age-standardized data (no. = 3156), which excluded deaths of traumatic origin, showed that mortality was highly influenced by birth weight. Calves were grouped into three classes, namely below-average, average and above-average of sitemates' values. Mortality rates among the three groups during the first 30 days of life were 3·6, 0·9 and 0·3%. The corresponding values at day 120 were 13·8, 6·3 and 5·0%. The average age at death during the first 120 days in the three groups were 51, 58 and 73 days. Mortality rates among calves born in the wet season were higher than those born in the dry season (e.g. 9·9 v. 5·9% for mortality to day 120).Examination of data on calving distribution and milk production patterns of the dams of the calves used in this study as well as the causes of deaths among the calves indicated that although dam effect was an important determinant of calf survival other factors such as the vigour of the calf at birth, weather conditions and disease environment at the tethering and grazing areas were important as well.

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Siehoff, Alice M., i Catherine Ryan. "Time of Day and Accurate Weights for Patients With Heart Failure". Clinical Scholars Review 5, nr 2 (1.01.2012): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1939-2095.5.2.106.

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Heart failure (HF) is a significant health problem in the United States. It is estimated that 5.8 million Americans currently live with a diagnosis of HF (American Heart Association, 2010). Despite the fact that daily weight monitoring of patients with HF in the hospital has long been a standard part of monitoring effectiveness of treatment, the literature is lacking recommendations based on evidence specific to the optimal time of day for weighing inpatients. The clinical question under consideration is the following: In hospitalized patients with HF, does consistently measuring weights in the evening compared to early morning accurately reflect differences in net weight gain or loss?In this quasi-experimental, prospective cohort pilot study, 29 patients who met inclusion criteria were weighed in the morning and again in the evening. Results of this study revealed predictable differences for morning (M = 3.09, SD = 2.06) and evening weights (M = 2.47, SD = 1.80); t(28) = −2.602, p = .015. For study patients with three consecutive days of weights (N = 24), Pearson product-moment correlations revealed a statistically significant correlation between individual differences/changes in a.m. and p.m. weights, r(22) = .752, p < .001.The implication for clinical practice is that weights should be measured at a consistent time of day. This may be the morning or evening.

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THOMPSON, B. K., i DAVID FRASER. "VARIATION IN PIGLET WEIGHTS: DEVELOPMENT OF WITHIN-LITTER VARIATION OVER A 5-WEEK LACTATION AND EFFECT OF FARROWING CRATE DESIGN". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, nr 2 (1.06.1986): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-037.

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Piglets from 51 litters were weighed weekly over a 5-wk lactation in an experiment that studied the effects of farrowing crate design and other factors on variation in piglet weight. Of two farrowing crates used, one had low horizontal bars that tended to impede access to the upper row of teats, while the other had angled vertical bars which permitted freer access. Fourteen-day weights were more uniform in the vertical-bar crates than in the horizontal-bar crates (P < 0.025), but the difference waned by day 35 (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in mean body weight owing to crate type (P < 0.05) for any of the weekly measurements but, by day 14, there was a significant linear trend (P < 0.05) at decreasing mean body weight with increasing litter size. The interaction between crate type and litter size was significant at the later ages (P < 0.01 at day 35) because the linear trend was more pronounced for horizontal-bar crates than for vertical. Litters differed greatly in the uniformity of their body weights. Much of the variation became established in the first and, to a lesser extent, the second week after birth. In those weeks, weight gains were highly variable and were not closely related to weight at the beginning of the week. Thereafter, the established differences tended to be perpetuated to 35 d, because weight gains were largely proportional to body weight. Within-litter competition appeared to influence weight gain considerably. Key words: Piglet, body weight, suckling behavior, sow, farrowing crate design, litter size

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Whittier, J. C., D. C. Clanton i G. H. Deutscher. "Effect of varying weight gain during the last trimester of gestation on productivity of beef heifers". Animal Science 47, nr 1 (sierpień 1988): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037041.

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AbstractAn experiment was conducted using medium-sized crossbred beef heifers to study how manipulation of weight gain in late gestation affected production. Forty heifers were fed individually to gain according to one of three regimens for an approximate 90 day period prior to parturition: (1) 1·2 kg gain per head per day for 45 days followed by no gains for 45 days; (2) 0·6 kg gain per head per day for the entire period; (3) no gain for the first 45 days followed by 1·2 kg gain per head per day for the last 45 days. Milk production was measured by weighing of calves before and after suckling at 30, 60, and 150 days post partum. Heifers were weighed, measured for heart girth and hip weight, and visually scored for condition at the start, middle and end of the feeding period to quantify growth and condition changes. Heifers that had a high rate of gain for a short time produced more milk in early lactation than heifers that gained at a slower rate for a longer time pre-partum (P < 0·05). Calf weaning weights and dam reproductive performance were unaffected (P < 0·05) by pre-partum weight gain. It is concluded from these results, that as long as the recommended weight gain is achieved during late gestation, the timing of the weight gain is not critical to sustain productivity.

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Follett, P. A. "Effects of Variable Doses of Permethrin on Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Growth and Development". Journal of Entomological Science 25, nr 3 (1.07.1990): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.3.357.

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Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae reared on artificial diet were treated with permethrin using a topical or dip bioassay at 3, 5, and 7 days post-hatch. Forty-eight-hour survival and weight gain in survivors, percent pupation, and percent adult eclosion were measured in one experiment. Generally, larval weight gain after 48 hours among survivors decreased with increasing dose. A high proportion of individuals surviving after 48 hours went on to pupate and emerge as adults regardless of dose, age, and reduction in growth at 48 hours post-treatment. In a second experiment, pupal and adult weights and development times of larve and pupae were measured after topical treatment of larvae with permethrin. Pupal weights of survivors decreased with increasing dose in all age classes. Adult weights decreased with increasing dose only in the 7-day-old treatment. Development times were protracted with increasing dose in the 5-day-old and 7-day-old treatments, but not the 3-day-old treatment. In both experiments, smaller larvae were more tolerant of permethrin than larger larvae per unit body weight.

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Koontongkaew, Sittichai, Orapan Poachanukoon, Seewaboon Sireeratawong, Thaweephol Dechatiwongse Na Ayudhya, Parirat Khonsung, Kanjana Jaijoy, Ruedee Soawakontha i Monraudee Chanchai. "Safety Evaluation of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizome Extract: Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies in Rats". International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (16.11.2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/632608.

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Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. has been used for traditional medicine, but few studies have described its potential toxicity. In this study, the acute and chronic oral toxicity of Z. cassumunar extract granules were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight did not produce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during the 14-day observation period. However, a decrease in body weights was observed in treated males (P<0.05). The weights of lung and kidney of treated females were increased (P<0.05). Treated males were increased in spleen and epididymis weights (P<0.05). In repeated dose 270-day oral toxicity study, the administration of the extracts at concentrations of 0.3, 3, 30, 11.25, 112.5, and 1,125 mg/kg body weight/day revealed no-treatment toxicity. Although certain endpoints among those monitored (i.e., organ weight, hematological parameters, and clinical chemistry) exhibited statistically significant effects, none was adverse. Gross and histological observations revealed no toxicity. Our findings suggest that the Z. cassumunar extract granules are well tolerated for both single and chronic administration. The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for the extract was 1,125 mg/kg body weight/day for males and females.

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Sulistiyanto, Bambang, Sri Kismiati i Cahya Setya Utama. "Tampilan Produksi dan Efek Imunomodulasi Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Wheat Pollard Terolah (PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNOMODULATION EFFECTS ON BROILER GIVEN A PROCESSED WHEAT POLLARD BASED DIET)". Jurnal Veteriner 20, nr 3 (17.11.2019): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.3.352.

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An immunomodulator is a natural body defence mechanism due to the stimulation of objects/ environments, both specific and non-specific by means of cellular and humoraldefence. The objective of the study was to prove the immunomodulation ability of broiler chickens up to age 35 days that dietary fed various wheat pollard based rations. The design used in the study was a complete randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The treatment of broiler rats consisted of BR-IAJ (T0), control feed with wheat pollard base (T1), control feed with wheat pollard base plus probiotic (T2), wheat pollard based feed steamed (T3), fermented wheat pollard based feed 40% (T4 ) and fermented wheat pollard based feed 60% (T5). The rations used contained 20,5-22,5% protein with 2900-3100 Kcal metabolic energy. Lohman MB 202 Platinum from PT. Japfa Comfeed used in research with average day old chick (DOC) weight of 36,39 + 2,45 g. Parameters observed included body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative weights of liver organ, thymus, lymph and bursa fabricius. The results showed that wheat pollard-based rations had a significant effect (p <0,05) on the relative weight of liver organ, body weight, FCR and ration consumption, but did not affect the relative weights of spleen organ, thymus and bursa fabricius. The mean relative weight of consecutive liver as follows: 2,47 g (T0), 2,83 g (T1), 3,40 g (T2), 2,99 g (T3), 3,15 g (T4) and 3,06 g (T5). The average body weight, consumption and FCR rations were as follows: 1415,24 g; 136,45 g/day; 2,03 (T0), 775,04 g; 125,19 g/day; 3,40 (T1), 813,17 g; 129,86 g / day; 3,36 (T2), 792,89 g; 128,14 g /day; 3,54 (T3), 892,91 g; 138,33 g /day; 3,27 (T4), 969,56 g; 155,52 g/day; 3,37 (T5). The conclusion of the study was that the ration with the addition of wheat pollard 60% was able to provide an increase in body weight gain and the best immunomodulation seen from the aspect of the proportion of immunomodulating organs to the growth of broiler chickens.

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Haloho, Rina Mariska, i Melva Silitonga. "The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Bangunbangun Leaf (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng) as Preventive and Curative to Toxic Effect of Rhodamin B in a Intestine Histology of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus)". JURNAL BIOSAINS 1, nr 3 (20.01.2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v1i3.2927.

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This study aims to know the effect of ethanol extract of bangunbangun leaf (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng) to were body weight, ratio of intestine to body weight, and intestine histology of the white rat (Rattus norvegicus). This study is experimental with non factorial completely randomized design. This research used 40 rats which devided into 8 groups, they are control (CMC 1%), rhodamin B, ethanol extract of bangunbangun leaf with graded doses 350 mg/kg bw, 700 mg/kg bw dan 1050 mg/kg bw. In preventive treatment, EEDB was given on 1 day to 42 day, rhodamin B was given on the 22 day to 42. In curative treatment, rhodamin B was given on the 1 day to 21 day then continued by giving EEDB from the 22 day until 42 day. Histology overview was done with hematoxilin eosin staining. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and continued by LSD using SPSS versi 16. The result showed that preventive treatment increased body weight at dose 350 mg/kg bw. EEDB lowered ratio of intestine weight to body weight dose 700 mg/kg bw and lowered thickness of intestinal mucosa at dose 350 mg/kg bw. In curative treatment increased body weight at dose 700 mg/kg bw, lowered ratio of intestine weight to body weight at dose 350 mg/kg bw and lowered thickness of intestinal mucosa at dose 1050 mg/kg bw. Key Word: Bangunbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng), rhodamin B, preventive, curative.

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KALINOWSKI, J., i E. R. CHAVEZ. "LOW DIETARY ZINC INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION OF GILTS. II. EFFECTS ON THE OFFSPRING". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, nr 1 (1.03.1986): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-022.

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Zinc (Zn) depletion was induced in pregnant gilts by feeding a diet containing 10 mg kg−1 Zn from day 22 of pregnancy until day 14 of lactation. Offspring of depleted gilts were born with lowered body, liver and gut weights; augmented lung weight; reduced plasma Zn, copper (Cu), ammonia (NH3), and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA); reduced hematocrit; increased glucose and lactate. Delivery problems of the dam caused a high incidence of stillbirths due to intrapartum anoxia. During the first week of age, piglets from depleted gilts exhibited lower body weight and reduced viability; lower plasma Zn, APA and NH3. At 2 wk of age body and organ weights were not different from that of controls; overall mortality was higher; plasma Zn was lower but Cu was higher. Zn-depletion of the dam endangered the outcome of pregnancy and promoted physiological changes in the newborn that affected neonatal growth. Key words: Piglets, viability, hypoxia, zinc

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Reale, Reid, Gary Slater i Louise M. Burke. "Acute-Weight-Loss Strategies for Combat Sports and Applications to Olympic Success". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, nr 2 (luty 2017): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0211.

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It is common for athletes in weight-category sports to try to gain a theoretical advantage by competing in weight divisions that are lower than their day-to-day body mass (BM). Weight loss is achieved not only through chronic strategies (body-fat losses) but also through acute manipulations before weigh-in (“making weight”). Both have performance implications. This review focuses on Olympic combat sports, noting that the varied nature of regulations surrounding the weigh-in procedures, weight requirements, and recovery opportunities in these sports provide opportunity for a wider discussion of factors that can be applied to other weight-category sports. The authors summarize previous literature that has examined the performance effects of weightmaking practices before investigating the physiological nature of these BM losses. Practical recommendations in the form of a decision tree are provided to guide the achievement of acute BM loss while minimizing performance decrements.

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Sallis, Robert, i Kirk Jones. "MEAN WEIGHT LOSS DURING TWO-A-DAY FOOTBALL PRACTICES 1700". Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 29, Supplement (maj 1997): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-01697.

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McDoniel, Scott O., Heather A. Nelson i Cynthia A. Thomson. "Employing RMR Technology in a 90-Day Weight Control Program". Obesity Facts 1, nr 6 (2008): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000178026.

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Korkmaz, Murat, Mustafa Fatih Erkoc, Sadiye Yolcu, Ozlem Balbaloglu, Zekeriya Öztemur i Fatih Karaaslan. "Weight bearing the same day versus non-weight bearing for 4 weeks in Achilles tendon rupture". Journal of Orthopaedic Science 20, nr 3 (2015): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00776-015-0710-z.

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Nobre, P. R. C., P. S. Lopes, R. A. Torres, L. O. C. Silva, A. J. Regazzi, R. A. A. Torres Júnior i I. Misztal. "Analyses of growth curves of Nellore cattle by Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 55, nr 4 (sierpień 2003): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352003000400015.

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Growth curves of Nellore cattle were analyzed using body weights measured at ages ranging from 1 day (birth weight) to 733 days. Traits considered were birth weight, 10 to 110 days weight, 102 to 202 days weight, 193 to 293 days weight, 283 to 383 days weight, 376 to 476 days weight, 551 to 651 days weight, and 633 to 733 days weight. Two data samples were created: one with 79,849 records from herds that had missing traits and another with 74,601 from herds with no missing traits. Records preadjusted to a fixed age were analyzed by a multiple trait model (MTM), which included the effects of contemporary group, age of dam class, additive direct, additive maternal, and maternal permanent environment. Analyses were carried out by a Bayesian method for all nine traits. The random regression model (RRM) included the effects of age of animal, contemporary group, age of dam class, additive direct, permanent environment, additive maternal, and maternal permanent environment. Legendre cubic polynomials were used to describe random effects. MTM estimated covariance components and genetic parameters for birth weight and sequential weights and RRM for all ages. Due to the fact that covariance components based on RRM were inflated for herds with missing traits, MTM should be used and converted to covariance functions.

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Bosscher, Georgia, Andrea Tomas, Denis Marcellin-Little, B. Duncan Lascelles i Simon Roe. "Repeatability and accuracy testing of a weight distribution platform and comparison to a pressure sensitive walkway to assess static weight distribution". Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 30, nr 02 (2017): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-09-0128.

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SummaryObjective: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of measurements collected using a weight distribution platform and a pressure sensitive walkway using an inanimate object with known weight distribution.Methods: A custom-built jig with a range of weights was applied in a random order. Measurements were collected on both devices and compared to each other and to the known weight distribution.Results: Weight distribution platform and pressure sensitive walkway measurements were highly correlated to each other (Pearson’s correlation coefficient R = 0.98) and to actual weights (R = 0.99 for the weight distribution platform; 0.98 for the pressure sensitive walkway). Repeatability from day to day for both devices was greater than 0.99. For the weight distribution platform, the 95% confidence interval was ± 2.5% from the true percentage and ± 3.3% for the pressure sensitive walkway. The coefficient of variation (COV) was highest for both devices at the lightest weights (weight distribution platform 11.28%, pressure sensitive walkway 16.91%) and lowest with the heaviest weights (weight distribution platform 3.71%, pressure sensitive walkway 5.86%).Conclusion: Both the weight distribution platform and the pressure sensitive walkway provided accurate and consistent measures of weight distribution with no significant difference between devices. The rounded standard error was three percent for the weight distribution platform, and four percent for the pressure sensitive walkway. The higher variability when measuring the smallest weight suggests less accuracy at lower weights with both devices.Clinical significance: The weight distribution platform is a repeatable and accessible device to measure static weight distribution, and if proven the same in a clinical setting, it will be a valuable addition to current objective measures of limb use.

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Borzelleca, Joseph F., Elizabeth C. Clarke i L. W. Condie. "Short-Term Toxicity (1 and 10 Days) of Cadmium Chloride in Male and Female Rats: Gavage and Drinking Water". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, nr 2 (marzec 1989): 377–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909019561.

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Male and female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats received CdCl2 by gavage at doses of 25, 51, 107, and 225 mg CdCl2 per kg body weight per day for 1 or 10 consecutive days or in drinking solutions at concentrations of 13–323 mg CdCl2 per liter for 10 consecutive days. There were appropriate controls. In the 1 day study in males only, an apparent treatment-related but not statistically significant decrease in body weight was reported; spleen weights and ratios were significantly lower and lung weights and ratios were significantly higher (in the highest dose only). Dose-dependent mortality was observed in the 10 day gavage study. Body weight gain was depressed in a dose-dependent manner in both males and females. Weights and/or ratios of brain, liver, spleen, lungs, thymus, kidneys, and testes of treated males were depressed in a dose-dependent manner. In females, weights and/or ratios of liver, spleen, thymus, and kidneys were depressed in a dose-dependent manner. Focal necrotic changes in renal tubular epithelium and tubular degeneration were reported in males and females. Testicular and hepatic histopathologic changes (testicular atrophy and necrosis and hepatic necrosis) were also reported in males. In the drinking water study, males demonstrated dose-dependent decreases in body weight gain and weight and/or ratios of liver, spleen, thymus, and kidneys. There were no significant compound-related effects in females, although liver weights and ratios were lower. There were no compound-related histopathologic effects.

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Schreiber, D. R., J. L. Imel, A. R. MacPherson, A. S. Lisech i N. D. Dautovich. "0707 Day-to-Day Variability of Emotionality and Sleep as Predictors of Weight in Midlife Women". Sleep 41, suppl_1 (kwiecień 2018): A263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy061.706.

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