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Kachingwe, Olivia. "“A Different Perspective”: Topics Discussed During African American Father-Daughter Sexual Health Communication". American Journal of Qualitative Research 7, nr 2 (25.03.2023): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/13114.
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<i>African American youth and young adults are disproportionately burdened by HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Although African American parent-child sexual health communication has been shown to reduce adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior, much more is known about mother-child and father-son sexual health communication than father-daughter sexual health communication. The current study explores what sexual health topics African American father-daughter dyads discuss with one another, and which topics are perceived to have the greatest impact on youths’ sexual risk behavior. Seven father-daughter dyads (N=7) and an additional five daughters (n=5) completed individual in-depth semi structured interviews. Daughters were aged 19-21 (M=20.3) years and fathers were aged 52-60 (M=56.7) years. Thematic analysis revealed five themes including: challenging topics to discuss, easy topics to discuss, topics on the continuum, desired topics of communication, and topics with greatest impact on behavior. Although participants shared that discussing sexual health is considered culturally taboo and can be challenging when criticized, several topics were easy to discuss universally, and several topics were both challenging and easy to discuss depending on the context of the conversation and depth of content covered. Sexual health communication was largely perceived as positively impacting daughters’ behaviors and daughters expressed wanting to have these conversations. Study findings can inform future intervention development by indicating which sexual health topics should be prioritized during father-daughter communication given their perceived positive impact. Future research is needed to explore how best to support father-daughter dyads in discussing sexual health topics perceived as challenging. </i>
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Mezghani, M., F. Fekih-Romdhane, F. El Ghali, M. Zghal, G. Jmii, L. Jouini, I. Ghazeli i R. Ridha. "Incest in the Schizophrenic patient: Case report". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): S588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.895.
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IntroductionIncest may be defined as sexual relations between close blood relatives. Legally, incest and sexual aggression toward minors are classified as a criminal behaviour. Tunisia is among the countries from which incest cases are rarely reported.Objectives and methodThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the psychotic structure and incest, and to describe the individual, clinical, and criminal traits of the incestuous father through clinical observation.Case reportMr T.G is 46 years old. He is married and has six daughters. His wife appears to be passive, and largely dependent on her husband. Mr T.G has had incestuous relationships, initially, with his two eldest daughters. The acts were followed by the mother's complicit silence and the non-denunciation of the daughters. Two years later, he starts an incestuous behavior with his third daughter. Incest took place in the context of delusion. The patient was convinced that he is responsible of his daughters’ sexuality education. He develops an incoherent theory of purification with a tendency towards morbid rationalism. It is only after four years of insufferable paternal incestuous relationships that the third daughter filed a complaint to the police. A psychiatric expertise concluded that the accused is exempt from criminal responsibility.ConclusionIncest is a multi-faceted phenomenon, which makes its approach, comprehension, and treatment quite complex. For a psychotic patient incest is a means to deny alterity by crushing other. It also allows him to find, in this complete power, control over his annihilation anxiety.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Grigsby, Sheila R. "Giving Our Daughters What We Never Received". Journal of School Nursing 34, nr 2 (15.05.2017): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840517707241.
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African American girls experience disparate rates of pregnancy and acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, when compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Among African American girls, current pregnancy rates are equal to the national crisis levels of teen pregnancy reported in 1990. This qualitative elicitation study was conducted to gain insight into the ways in which African American mothers and their daughters, between the ages of 9 and 14, communicate about sexual health. Early sexual health communication between mothers and daughters is known to enhance the sexual health outcomes of girls. A series of four focus groups and three in-depth interviews were conducted between July and September 2014. The theory of planned behavior was the organizing framework. Theoretical constructs that guided this study were attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. Results showed that what African American women share with their daughters about sexual health stems from their personal faith, values, and experiences. Findings from this study can inform interventions to provide support for this understudied population. Moreover, there are implications for health-care providers, particularly school nurses, who are in an ideal position to help increase mothers’ self-efficacy to engage in sexual health conversations with their young daughters.
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Anderson, David J., Jo Reeve, Juan E. Martinez Gomez, Wesley W. Weathers, Siobhan Hutson, Heather V. Cunningham i David M. Bird. "Sexual size dimorphism and food requirements of nestling birds". Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, nr 12 (1.12.1993): 2541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-347.
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The food requirements of dependent sons and daughters have important implications for evolution of the sex ratio, according to current sex allocation theory. We studied food requirements of nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius), a moderately size-dimorphic falcon, by hand-feeding 61 birds from hatching to fledging. Daughters, the larger gender, consumed 6.99% more food than did sons. Sons did not have higher energy expenditure from higher effort during sibling competition than daughters did, so parents must supply more food to satisfy daughters' needs than to satisfy sons'. A review of all related studies shows a strong positive association between the degree of sexual size dimorphism and gender difference in food requirements.
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Opara, Ijeoma. "Examining African American Parent-Daughter HIV Risk Communication Using a Black Feminist-Ecological Lens: Implications for Intervention". Journal of Black Studies 49, nr 2 (20.11.2017): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717741900.
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Using a framework of ecological systems theory and Black feminist theory, this article provides a conceptual exploration of barriers and facilitators to HIV risk communication between African American parents and daughters. African American female adolescents are disproportionately diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and are more likely to engage in sexually risky behaviors, which increases their risk of contracting HIV. Researchers have documented the importance of parental beliefs, knowledge, and communication about sexual and HIV risk as a protective factor in influencing safe sexual behavior in their daughters. By incorporating the ecological influences that affect familial processes among African American parents, in addition to highlighting Black feminist concepts, this article proposes a racial and gender-specific theoretical model to guide future family-based HIV prevention interventions.
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Bynum, Mia Smith. "African American mother-daughter communication about sex and daughters' sexual behavior: Does college racial composition make a difference?" Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 13, nr 2 (2007): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.13.2.151.
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Yarber, William L., i Joanne M. Greer. "The Relationship Between the Sexual Attitudes of Parents and their College Daughters' or Sons' Sexual Attitudes and Sexual Behavior". Journal of School Health 56, nr 2 (luty 1986): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1986.tb01177.x.
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Iorga, Magdalena, Lavinia-Maria Pop, Nicoleta Gimiga, Luminița Păduraru i Smaranda Diaconescu. "Assessing the Opinion of Mothers about School-Based Sexual Education in Romania, the Country with the Highest Rate of Teenage Pregnancy in Europe". Medicina 57, nr 8 (19.08.2021): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080841.
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Background and Objectives: Without mandatory school-based education, Romania is a leading European country in teen pregnancy. This survey aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and the opinions about sexual education and sexual-related issues among mothers of female teenagers aged 13–18 years old. Material and Methods: The survey was conducted between 2015 and 2017 and had four parts, collecting data about sociodemographic variables, the level of knowledge about sexuality, sexually transmitted diseases, and contraception. The respondents were mothers of female teenagers hospitalized in a tertiary pediatric clinic. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows, version 25 (Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: One hundred and thirty-five mothers (42.46 ± 6.81 years old) were included in the research. Most of them were from rural areas, had graduated secondary school, were Christian-orthodox, married, and with a stable job. More than half of the mothers (61.42%) declared that they personally knew adolescents that were already mothers. In great proportion, mothers proved good knowledge about sexual education, contraception, and STDs. They considered that the minimum age for becoming married, in general, is about M = 18.62 ± 2.09 years old but in the case of their daughters, mothers appreciated that the best age would be 23.56 ± 9.37. Mothers considered that they had good communication with their daughters (M = 4.28 ± 0.99) and two-thirds sustained that they had discussed with them about sexual activity, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and contraception. In case of unwanted pregnancy of their daughters, one-third of the mothers (38.50%) would advise their girls to continue the pregnancy and 7.40% mentioned the termination of pregnancy. Two-thirds of them (74.10%) agreed to school-based sexual education. In the order of preferred sources for sexual education, mothers mentioned parents (85.90%), teachers (33.30%), and family doctors (24.40%). Comparative results regarding their own sex life and that of their daughters are presented. Conclusions: School-based programs should meet parental beliefs about sexuality and sexual education. School, as a creator of values and models, should find the golden ratio to better shape the personal, familial, and social needs for the healthy sexual behavior of the new generation.
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Hassan, Hanan Elzeblawy. "Study Females' Intention to Practice Female Genital Mutilation for their Daughters at Beni-Suef". Public Health Open Access 6, nr 2 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phoa-16000224.
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Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting practice became documented within the 28 countries of the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland as a result of migrations of females. The WHO originally prohibited the medicalization of FGM/C in 1979, at the first international conference on the subject. Aim: The present study was carried out to assess Females' Intention to practice Female Genital Mutilation for their Daughters at Beni-Suef. Subject & Methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study carried out in family health centers (FHCs) in different sitting at BeniSuef Governorate. А Structured Interviewing Questionnaire sheet which includes knowledge regarding complications Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, Intention to practice FGM/C, and Causes for intention or not to practicing FGM/C. Results: About 64% and 59.6% of females knew that FGM/C causes psychological and social problems, respectively, 56% had a misconception that FGM/C does not affect the woman's sexual satisfaction. About 29.7% are suffering from complications after FGM. About 47.9% of females had the intention to mutilate their daughters and support the continuation of FGM for young generations, 39.8% had already mutilated their daughters or sisters. The procedures were performed by physicians (61.1%), and 6.9% had complications. Conclusion: Most of females knew that FGM/C causes psychological problems and social problems; however most of them had misconception that FGM/C does not affect the woman's sexual satisfaction. Most the study sample had the intention to mutilate their daughters and support the continuation of FGM for young generations. The highest percent of procedures were performed by physicians. Recommendations: Motivations and behavior change of females and health care workers to perform FGM/C.
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Forstmeier, Wolfgang, Dave W. Coltman i Tim R. Birkhead. "MATERNAL EFFECTS INFLUENCE THE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF SONS AND DAUGHTERS IN THE ZEBRA FINCH". Evolution 58, nr 11 (listopad 2004): 2574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00885.x.
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Forstmeier, Wolfgang, Dave W. Coltman i Tim R. Birkhead. "MATERNAL EFFECTS INFLUENCE THE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF SONS AND DAUGHTERS IN THE ZEBRA FINCH". Evolution 58, nr 11 (2004): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1554/04-325.
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Townsend, H. M., T. J. Maness i D. J. Anderson. "Offspring growth and parental care in sexually dimorphic Nazca boobies (Sula granti)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, nr 6 (czerwiec 2007): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-047.
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A review of studies on nestling bird food requirements indicates that degree of sexual size dimorphism reliably predicts disparity in sex-specific food requirements, but that parents often fail to meet the excess requirement of the larger sex. We studied a population of Nazca boobies ( Sula granti Rothschild, 1902), a sexually dimorphic pelagic seabird, to determine whether parents provide more care to daughters, the larger sex. Daughters grew to a larger size than did sons during the nestling period, but did not reach the mean size of adult females, while sons exceeded the size of adult males. Estimates of parental effort exerted for sons versus daughters indicated similar levels of effort, and that females fledged in poorer condition than males did in the study year, one of intermediate breeding conditions. Results from another study conducted during better breeding conditions indicated little limitation on growth of either sex. Together, these studies are consistent with a ceiling on parental effort in a long-lived species that allows consistent self-maintenance for parents, but causes poor performance in the costlier sex under poor breeding conditions. Complementary studies of short-lived species are needed to evaluate our suggested linkage between parental effort, self-maintenance, and sexual size dimorphism.
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Siahaan, Febri, i Aida Fitria Harahap. "Young Women's Reproductive Health (Ethnographic Study Oon Young Women's Knowledge and Behavior Related to Reproductive Health In Bantan Village Slums Medan Tembung)". Indonesian Journal of Medical Anthropology 1, nr 1 (17.09.2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijma.v1i1.4548.
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This study discusses how the knowledge and behavior of young women in slums are related to reproductive health. The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge and behavior of young women in slums. Whether the influence of slum environments with adolescent social behavior, how parents play in providing reproductive health education to their daughters, and how the rules exist in society limit young women's sexual behavior. The research method used in i research is a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews and observations to the public. The result of the study is that reproductive health is understood as a matter of how to maintain the cleanliness of reproductive organs to avoid disease. The scope of the conversation also concerns sexual intercourse conducted by men and women. Parents usually provide knowledge of this only in the form of straightforward advice. Meanwhile, the local community also imposes moral sanctions in the form of censure, innuendo for deviant young women.
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Loison, A., G. Darmon, S. Cassar, J. M. Jullien i D. Maillard. "Age- and sex-specific settlement patterns of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) offspring". Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, nr 6 (czerwiec 2008): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-031.
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The social, spatial, and genetic structures of populations depend on where offspring settle and reproduce in relation to their parent’s home range. However, the patterns of settlement in wild populations of large mammals are often poorly described owing to the difficulty of monitoring mother–offspring pairs over a long period. Here, we investigated sex-specific settlement patterns in chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra (L., 1758)) based on the study of 31 mother–offspring pairs. We calculated the distance between the center of the mother’s range and the center of her offspring’s range, and tested whether this distance differed when the offspring was immature (i.e., a yearling) and after offspring sexual maturity (>2 years of age). We found no sex effect on the distance between centers of mother and offspring ranges for yearling offsprings. However, mature sons ranged farther away from their mother than mature daughters. Daughters appear to settle close to their mother’s home range. The distance at which a daughter settles compared with her mother’s range seems to be determined before 2 years of age. On the contrary, the distance between the center of the locations of yearling males and the center of locations of their mother does not predict how far away males will eventually settle when mature. We discuss the implications of these patterns for generating female social structures, as well as population spatial and genetic structures.
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Linde-Krieger, Linnea, i Tuppett M. Yates. "Mothers’ History of Child Sexual Abuse and Child Behavior Problems: The Mediating Role of Mothers’ Helpless State of Mind". Child Maltreatment 23, nr 4 (14.05.2018): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518775536.
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This investigation evaluated a theoretically specified model of associations among mothers’ history of child sexual abuse (CSA), a helpless state of mind (SOM) with regard to the mother–child relationship, and increased behavior problems in the next generation. Moreover, we evaluated the moderating influence of child gender on predicted relations between mothers’ CSA severity and helpless SOM (i.e., moderated mediation). Participants were 225 biological mother–preschooler dyads (48% female; 46.4% Latinx) drawn from an ongoing, longitudinal study of representation and regulation in child development. Mothers’ history of CSA was assessed when their children were 4 years old and emerged as a prominent risk factor in this diverse, high-risk community sample with 40% of mothers reporting contact-based sexual abuse prior to age 18. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect pathway from a continuous rating of mothers’ CSA severity to increased externalizing behavior problems from ages 4 to 8 in the next generation via mothers’ helpless SOM at age 6. Further, this indirect path was significant for mother–daughter dyads, but not for mother–son dyads. This investigation contributes to the neophyte literature on intergenerational CSA effects by revealing the impact of a mother’s CSA history on her SOM regarding the mother–child relationship, particularly when parenting daughters. Clinical interventions that enhance survivors’ awareness of and reflection on their SOM regarding the parent–child relationship may attenuate intergenerational CSA effects on child adaptation.
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Dewi, Ni Luh Gede Astiti. "Seksualitas dalam Lontar Tingkahing Sarasmi Implikasi Terhadap Masyarakat di Kecamatan Denpasar Timur". Sanjiwani: Jurnal Filsafat 10, nr 1 (8.07.2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/sjf.v10i1.1628.
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<p><em>Lontar Tingkahing Sarasmi explained about sexual relations at the time of marriage which in it explained sexuality ethics when having sexual relations so that they could reach the peak of sexual pleasure and the ethics of getting the desired son. So knowing this can help the community to deal with problems in the household and get the children they want. Then later children who are born will be a generation that has good quality and can have a good impact on the environment.</em></p><em>In Lontar Tingkahing Sarasmai has the concept of sexuality which includes religious concepts and concepts of the use of sexuality. In the concept of sexuality, this explains the love of the gods in the human body so that sexual relations are said to be sacred and there is a prohibition on sexual intercourse because it can affect the character of the child. In addition, there are sexuality ethics, namely: ethics of having sex with wives, ethics of wife holding, ethics of wanting sons and daughters, ethics of wanting powerful sons, ethics of wanting sons and daughters of the main, ethics of wanting beautiful children, and ethics of wanting long-lived sons. As well as how the implications of sexuality in Lontar Tingkahing Sarasmi on the people in East Denpasar Subdistrict, including lifestyle implications, implications for community social behavior, implications for people who apply sexuality ethics in Lontar Tingkahing Sarasmi, and implications for people who do not apply sexuality ethics in Lontar Tingkahing Sarasmi.</em>
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Ellis, Bruce J., Gabriel L. Schlomer, Elizabeth H. Tilley i Emily A. Butler. "Impact of fathers on risky sexual behavior in daughters: A genetically and environmentally controlled sibling study". Development and Psychopathology 24, nr 1 (31.01.2012): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941100085x.
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AbstractGirls receiving lower quality paternal investment tend to engage in more risky sexual behavior (RSB) than peers. Whereas paternal investment theory posits that this effect is causal, it could arise from environmental or genetic confounds. To distinguish between these competing explanations, the current authors employed a genetically and environmentally controlled sibling design (N = 101 sister pairs; ages 18–36), which retrospectively examined the effects of differential sibling exposure to family disruption/father absence and quality of fathering. Consistent with a causal explanation, differences between older and younger sisters in the effects of quality of fathering on RSB were greatest in biologically disrupted families when there was a large age gap between the sisters (thus maximizing differential exposure to fathers), with greater exposure within families to higher quality fathering serving as a protective factor against RSB. Further, variation around the lower end of fathering quality appeared to have the most influence on RSB. In contrast, differential sibling exposure to family disruption/father absence (irrespective of quality of fathering) was not associated with RSB. The differential sibling-exposure design affords a new quasi-experimental method for evaluating the causal effects of fathers within families.
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Zalukhu, Siwajarman, i Nurman Achmad. "Menstrual Knowledge in Young Women (Ethnographic Studies in Kampung Aur Village,, Medan Maimun District, Medan City,North Sumatra Province)". Indonesian Journal of Medical Anthropology 1, nr 1 (17.09.2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijma.v1i1.4549.
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This study examines how the knowledge and behavior of adolescents in Aur village are related to menstruation. The purpose of the study is to describe young women's knowledge and behavior during menstruation. Whether there is an environmental influence on adolescent social behavior, how parents play in providing menstrual education to their daughters, and how the rules exist in society limit young women's sexual behavior. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach. With pre-field research, fieldwork, data analysis, and ending with the writing phase of the research report. The result of the study is that menstruation is understood as something related to maintaining the cleanliness of reproductive organs to avoid disease. The conversation about menstruation also concerns sexual intercourse conducted by men and women. Usually, parents give education in the form of straightforward advice due to the limitations of parents who do not know much about reproductive health. Meanwhile, the local community also gives moral reaction in the form of censure, syndicate for deviant young women.
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King, B. H., i M. E. Napoleon. "Using effects of parasitoid size on fitness to test a host quality model assumption with the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius". Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, nr 11 (listopad 2006): 1678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-162.
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How body size affects fitness of males relative to females is relevant to understanding the evolution of sexual size dimorphism and maternal sex-ratio manipulation. In most parasitoid wasps, mothers oviposit a greater proportion of daughters in larger hosts. The host-quality model describes how this may be adaptive. A major assumption of the model is that host size has a greater effect on the fitness of daughters than of sons. The assumption has often been tested indirectly by examining the effects of parasitoid size on fitness, because a parasitoid’s size generally increases with the size of the host on which it develops. The validity of this indirect method is examined here for the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 parasitizing Musca domestica L., 1758. If the method is valid, effects of parasitoid size on fitness should match the effects of host size on fitness that were shown in a previous study. The effects matched in that both parasitoid size and host size affected the fitness of females but not of males. However, the aspects of female fitness that were affected differed. That female size but not male size affected fitness was consistent with the female-biased sexual size dimorphism of S. endius.
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Moore, Nelwyn B., i J. Kenneth Davidson. "Parents As First Sexuality Information Sources: Do They Make a Difference in Daughters' Sexual Attitudes and Behavior?" Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 24, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01614576.1999.11074295.
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Maghira, Nadya, i Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin. "A Psychoanalytic Approach On Marayo's Behaviour As The Impact Of Childhood Trauma In Yejide Kilanko's Daughters Who Walk This Path". Airlangga Development Journal 6, nr 1 (27.06.2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/adj.v6i1.36987.
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This study discusses the childhood trauma caused by sexual abuse that resulted in unwanted feelings such as anxiety, low self-esteem, fear of betrayal, fear of abandonment, and defense mechanism of Marayo as the main character of the novel. This study centres on the impacts of childhood trauma that affect character personality and behaviours. The study uses a psychoanalysis theory related to childhood trauma, anxiety, and its core issues. In the process of analysis, the researcher uses a qualitative method to collect, classify, and conclude the data. Yejide Kilanko's Daughters Who Walk This Path novel as the primary data sources and journals, books, and articles as secondary data sources. The study set out some critical information about how childhood trauma can affect someone's personality and behavior. It found that behavior and personality are deteriorated because of sexual abuse. The consequence of childhood trauma can lead a person to feels anxious that can reveal some core issues, which are fear of abandonment, fear of betrayal, and low self-esteem; that later she grows some defense mechanism, which is avoidance and selective memory.
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Chiang, Ellen Dias De Oliveira, Misha L. Baker, Daniella Figueroa-Downing, Maria Luiza Baggio, Luisa Villa, Jose Eluf Neto, Craig Hadley, Robert A. Bednarczyk i Dabney P. Evans. "“THOSE WHO LOVE, VACCINATE”: PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF HPV VACCINATION". Journal of Human Growth and Development 25, nr 3 (25.10.2015): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.106013.
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Introduction: In March 2014, Brazil began its national HPV immunization campaign targeting girls ages 9-13. Objective: Describe determinants of parental decisions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV.Method: In this qualitative study, thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted at five health posts in São Paulo, Brazil. Interview questions explored parental opinions of disease prevention methods, vaccines in general, and the HPV vaccine. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Results: Overall, parental knowledge about HPV and the vaccine was low, yet most eligible daughters had been vaccinated. Parents perceived the HPV vaccine to be normal, preventative, and protective. Parents viewed themselves as accountable for their children’s health, and saw the vaccine as a parenting tool for indirect control. Trust in healthcare professionals and an awareness of the dangers of “nowadays” (uncertainties regarding disease and sexual behavior) were also important in vaccine decision-making. These factors held more explanatory power for decisions to vaccinate than parental knowledge levels. This was the first study to qualitatively examine the perception of publically provided HPV vaccination among parents with eligible daughters in Brazil. The findings help interpret the greater than 90% coverage for the first HPV vaccine dose in Brazil. The results indicate that attempts to understand, maintain, or modify vaccination rates require the consideration of context specific factors, which influence both parent perspectives and vaccination decisions. Conclusion: HPV knowledge levels are not predictive of parental decisions to vaccinate daughters. Context specific factors from the sociocultural dimensions of parenting, sexuality, gender, and the healthcare system are more influential in vaccine decision-making.
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Pullman, Lesleigh E., Kelly Babchishin i Michael C. Seto. "An Examination of the Westermarck Hypothesis and the Role of Disgust in Incest Avoidance Among Fathers". Evolutionary Psychology 17, nr 2 (1.04.2019): 147470491984992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704919849924.
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From an evolutionary perspective, incestuous behavior is puzzling. The goal of this study was to assess the tenability of the Westermarck hypothesis (1891, 1921)—that people who live in close physical proximity with one another during childhood will develop a sexual indifference or aversion toward one another—and the mediating role of disgust as an incest avoidance mechanism in father–daughter relationships. A sample of fathers with daughters ( N = 632) from Canada and the United States were recruited by Qualtrics—a survey platform and project management company—to complete an online survey. The results from this study did not support the viability of the Westermarck hypothesis as a mechanism that facilitates incest avoidance for fathers. Physical proximity was not associated with incest propensity or disgust toward incest. Less disgust toward incest, however, was found to be associated with more incest propensity. These results indicate that physical proximity may not be a reliable kinship cue used by fathers to inform incest avoidance, but that disgust toward incest may still be a proximate mechanism that facilitates incest avoidance among fathers using kinship cues other than physical proximity.
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Brakefield, T., H. Wilson i G. Donenberg. "Maternal models of risk: links between substance use and risky sexual behavior in African American female caregivers and daughters". Comprehensive Psychiatry 54, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.07.020.
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Brakefield, Tiffany, Helen Wilson i Geri Donenberg. "Maternal models of risk: Links between substance use and risky sexual behavior in African American female caregivers and daughters". Journal of Adolescence 35, nr 4 (sierpień 2012): 959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.01.004.
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Averett, Susan L., i Sarah M. Estelle. "Will daughters walk mom’s talk? The effects of maternal communication about sex on the sexual behavior of female adolescents". Review of Economics of the Household 12, nr 4 (15.05.2013): 613–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9192-y.
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Birkie, Mengesha, Yosef Zenebe, Gebeyaw Biset, Moges Gebresellassie i Setegn Mihret. "Risk Factors for Gender-Based Violence among Female Students of Gonder Teacher’ Training College, Gonder, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study". Open Public Health Journal 13, nr 1 (25.11.2020): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010634.
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Background: Violence against women is the world's most prevalent, pervasive and enduring problem. Sexual violence appears to be particularly great among adolescent girls of Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2018, and 322 participants were selected via a stratified sampling technique. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis, then bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to see statistically significant factors. Results: Lifetime prevalence of Gender-based violence was found to be 35.1% (95% CI: 29.9 - 40.3). Risk factors significantly associated with sexual violence were living alone (AOR = 4.3 95% CI: 1.03, 18.09), having two or more number of sexual partner in life (AOR = 11.5 95% CI: 2.80, 47.16), lack of open discussion between parents and daughters about reproductive health issues (AOR= 5.05 95% CI: 1.37, 18.55), being third year student 9.06(1.96, 41.94), strict parenting style over the girls behavior (AOR = 3.4 (1.04,10.72), alcohol consumption (AOR = 8.3 95% CI: 2.57, 27.00), use of khat (AOR = 11.05 95% CI: 3.53, 34.60), and monthly financial support to the girls from family (AOR= 0.1, 95% CI: (0.03, 0.73). Conclusion: The prevalence of Gender-based violence among female college students in Gonder town was high. Attention should be paid to the reduction of the prevalence and those risk factors of Gender-based violence.
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Jo, Soojung, Soo-Yeon Han i Connor A. Walters. "Factors Associated with the HPV Vaccination among Korean Americans and Koreans: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 1 (21.12.2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010051.
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Koreans and Korean Americans (KAs) have limited HPV knowledge and awareness. KAs share a culture with Koreans, and this culture has affected their behavior around HPV. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the factors associated with HPV vaccination among Koreans and KAs. The literature search was done with four databases. The vaccination rate, awareness and knowledge of HPV, and factors associated with vaccination intention were identified. Eighteen articles were selected. Koreans and KAs had low levels of HPV knowledge and awareness. Perceived benefits and seriousness were associated with vaccination intention. Cervical cancer history, beliefs that their daughters need a pap smear test, sexual intercourse experiences, occupation, low education, and income were associated with vaccination intention. This systematic review discovered that HPV vaccination behavior is associated with HPV vaccine awareness, perceived benefits of the vaccine, and the perceived seriousness of HPV infection among Koreans and KAs. Based on the results, we suggest healthcare providers provide a HPV vaccine recommendation by emphasizing the benefits of the vaccination to Koreans and KAs. This study can be the basis for developing interventions to increase HPV vaccination by guiding the target population and variables, as well as the intervention content.
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Cantón Cortés, David, Mª Aurelia Ramírez Castillo i José Cantón Duarte. "PAPEL MODERADOR DEL SEXO EN LAS PRÁCTICAS DE CRIANZA / MODERATOR ROLE OF SEX IN REARING PRACTICES". International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 1, nr 1 (10.09.2016): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v1.373.
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Abstract:The objective of the study was to analyze possible differences with regard to different rearing behaviors expressed by fathers and mothers on the socialization of sons and daughters during late adolescence and young adulthood. Participants were 193 students from the University of Granada, 149 of them being women and 44 men. They completed the Questionnaire on Rearing Practices (Supple, Peterson & Bush, 2004), which assesses six dimensions of parenting, regarding the father and the mother: Support, Positive Induction, Monitoring (Behavioral Control), Autonomy Granting, Punitiveness and Love Withdrawal. Results indicate that sons and daughters perceived a different parenting style by the father, but only in two of the dimensions evaluated (Positive Induction and Punitiveness). However, they did not perceived in a different way maternal parenting (only Love withdrawal approached the significance). With regard to the possible differences in parenting behaviors by foster parents, mothers performed higher levels of Induction, Monitoring and Support with both sons and daughters. The only dimension of parenting behavior in which father scores were higher than mother’s was Autonomy Granting with male children, but without reaching the statistical significance. Finally, regarding to the use of inappropriate methods of discipline, mothers showed a greater level of Punitiveness with daughters than fathers, while in the case of the male children mothers also scored significantly higher than parents on Love withdrawal.Keywords: Fathers, mothers, parenting practices, sexual differences.Resumen:El objetivo del estudio fue analizar posibles diferencias en diversas conductas de crianza manifestadas por los padres y las madres en la socialización de hijos e hijas durante la adolescencia tardía y la adultez joven. Los participantes fueron 193 estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada, de los que 149 eran mujeres y 44 varones. Cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Prácticas de Crianza (Supple et al., 2004), que evalúa seis dimensiones de la crianza, tanto del padre como de la madre: Apoyo, Inducción, Monitorización, Garantizar la Autonomía, Punitividad y Retirada del Afecto. Los resultados indican que hijos e hijas percibían una crianza diferencial por parte del padre, aunque sólo en dos de las dimensiones evaluadas (Inducción, Punitividad). Sin embargo, no percibían de modo diferente la crianza materna (únicamente se aproximaba a la significación la Retirada del afecto). En cuanto a las posibles diferencias en conductas de crianza por ambos progenitores, las madres prestaban unos mayores niveles de Apoyo, Inducción y Monitorización tanto con los hijos como con las hijas. La única dimensión de las conductas de crianza en la que las puntuaciones del padre superaban a las de la madre era en la Estimulación de la Autonomía con los hijos varones, aunque sin llegar al nivel de significación estadística. Finalmente, en lo que se refiere al uso de métodos de disciplina inadecuados, las madres mostraban una mayor Punitividad que los padres con las hijas, mientras que en el caso de los hijos las madres también puntuaban significativamente más que los padres en Retirada del Afecto.Palabras clave: Padres, madres, prácticas de crianza, diferencias sexuales.
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Kojola, I., i T. Helle. "Size-related changes in winter condition of female and male reindeer calves". Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, nr 6 (1.06.1996): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-129.
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This study investigated how relationships between body size and back-fat depth develop in female and male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves in winter. Back-fat depths did not differ between male and female calves, but depended more strongly on body size in female calves. Because no sex difference was found in the post-rut sample (October), differences were not attributed to male puberty and consequent sexual activity. Sex differences might be related to the fact that female calves feed more often than males from craters dug in the snow by their mother and that daughters of dominant mothers share feeding craters with their mother most often. In the last sample month, February, the fattest males were medium-sized, but mean back-fat depths did not differ between medium-sized and large calves. The decreasing trend in size dependence of fat reserves of male calves through the winter possibly weakens the link between maternal investment and reproductive success of sons.
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Burdfield-Steel, Emily, i Darrell J. Kemp. "Negative intersexual genetic correlation for colour pattern in a variable aposematic insect". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 133, nr 4 (5.05.2021): 1031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab025.
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Abstract Despite the fact their coloration functions as an aposematic signal, and is thus expected to be under stabilizing selection, hibiscus harlequin bugs (Tectocoris diophthalmus) show an impressive level of variation in their iridescent coloration both within and between populations. To date the heritability of coloration in this species remains unknown. Here we focus on a single population in New South Wales (the southern part of this species’ Australian range), with the greatest colour variation. We reared full-sib families of known pedigree in the laboratory and analysed the extent of iridescent coloration at adulthood. We then looked for evidence of heritability, condition dependence and antagonistic sexual selection acting on colour in this species. We found significant heritability in the extent of iridescent coloration for both sexes, as well as in development time and body size, but no evidence that condition dependence played a role in the determination of adult coloration. There was, however, a sex by genotype interaction for iridescent cover, in the form of a negative intersexual genetic correlation: in families where sons had high iridescent cover the daughters had low, and vice versa. Our results suggest that different selective pressures may act on coloration in males and females of this species.
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Semple, Thomas L., Penny J. Gullan, Christopher J. Hodgson, Nate B. Hardy i Lyn G. Cook. "Systematic review of the Australian ‘bush-coconut’ genus Cystococcus (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) uncovers a new species from Queensland". Invertebrate Systematics 29, nr 3 (2015): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is14061.
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Australia houses some unusual biota (insects included), much of which is undescribed. Cystococcus Fuller (Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Coccoidea : Eriococcidae) currently comprises two species, both of which induce galls exclusively on bloodwoods (Myrtaceae: Corymbia Hill & Johnson). These insects display sexual dichronism, whereby females give birth first to sons and then to daughters. Wingless first-instar females cling to their winged adult brothers and are carried out of the maternal gall when the males fly to find mates – a behaviour called intersexual phoresy. Here, we use data from two gene regions, as well as morphology and host-use of the insects, to assess the status of a previously undescribed species. We describe this newly recognised species as Cystococcus campanidorsalis, sp. nov. Semple, Cook & Hodgson, redescribe the two existing species – C. echiniformis Fuller and C. pomiformis (Froggatt), designate a lectotype for C. echiniformis, and provide the first descriptions of adult males, and nymphal males and females for the genus. We have also reinterpreted a key morphological character of the adult females. This paper provides a foundation for further work on the genus, which is widespread across northern Australia and could prove to be useful for studies on biogeography and bloodwood ecosystems. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3A9DC645-0CBC-48B0-8BD3-5ACC0E2130D1
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Bredlau, Justin P., Ahmed M. El-Sabrout i Christophe Bressac. "Reproductive context of extremely short sperm in the parasitic wasp Cotesia congregata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, nr 2 (26.08.2020): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa111.
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Abstract Among adaptive traits under sexual selection, the length of spermatozoa shows high interspecific variation. In insects, extremes exist for both short and long sperm. The spermatozoa of the endoparasitic wasp Cotesia congregata (Say) are the shortest flagellated sperm described in animals, 6.6 µm in length. By comparison, the sperm of Drosophila bifurca are almost 6000 times longer. Thus, C. congregata has the potential to shed light on the selection pressures that drive variation in sperm length in relation to their production and use. The reproductive organs, sperm counts, controlled oviposition and sex ratios were investigated. The testes showed stratified differentiation stages of spermatogenesis, and sperm counts revealed continuous spermatogenesis in the late pupal stage. The small female spermatheca stored ~1000 sperm, resulting in an extremely high sperm concentration. The number of progeny per brood decreased over time until depletion of eggs. Females produced up to 370 daughters, corresponding to the effective use of 34% of the average sperm stock. Haploid males made up a greater proportion of broods in later parasitisms. Sperm miniaturization may be an adaptation to transfer increased quantities for the entire reproductive life of females in the absence of sperm competition but in the reduced space offered by the spermatheca.
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Acharya, Pitambar, i Benjamin Welsh. "Early and Forced Child Marriages in Rural Western Nepal". Journal of Underrepresented & Minority Progress 1, nr 1 (1.12.2017): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jump.v1i1.38.
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After reviewing the state of early and forced child marriage (ECM) globally and nationally within Nepal, this research assessed the determinants, consequences and preventive measures of ECM in rural municipalities in Nepal today. This mixed method surveyed 167 households taking 15 % sample from the clusters of three wards of Badhaiyatal Rural Municipality in Bardiya and Dullu Municipality in Dailekh of Western Nepal. Besides household survey, six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 16 Key Informant's Interviews (KIIs), and 12 In-depth-Interviews (IDIs) were also conducted. There was the prevalence of ECM in 94% of the total sampled households. Majority (64%) of the marriages had taken place at the age of 15-19 years. Besides, about 23% of the marriage had occurred at 10-14 years. Average age at marriage was 16.5 years. Lack of awareness, self-elopement, misuse of social media, and parents’ perception of daughters as burden were some contributing factors of ECM. Unsafe sexual behavior, unwanted pregnancy and its risk to unsafe abortion, maternal and child mortality, deprivation of education and self- dependence and violence were some effects of ECM. Recommendations to address ECM and curb its negative effects are presented.
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Hidayati, Rahma, i Che Hasniza Che Noh. "The Role of Mothers' Interpersonal Communication with Adolescent Girls regarding Sex Education in Aceh Province, Indonesia". International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences and Humanities 3, nr 1 (29.02.2024): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56225/ijassh.v3i1.306.
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The issue of free sex is not an old story, and this incident happens almost every day to friends, family, neighbors, and even on social media. Free sex is a global issue that still occurs today and is reported in various countries, including the Aceh region of Indonesia. The problem is that discussing sex education is still considered taboo by some mothers, even with their teenage daughters. This research aims to describe (1) An understanding of sex education, (2) How adolescents receive sex education, and (3) How the role of interpersonal communication between mothers and adolescent girls is related to conveying knowledge about sex education. This research uses qualitative methods using several references from journals and books. The research results show that: (1) Sex education is a knowledge skill that must be immediately given to teenagers regarding sexual behavior to avoid anything that can cause negative effects. (2) Teenagers need information about sex education issues from those closest to them, including mothers. (3) The role of mothers is crucial in providing sex education to teenage girls so that they are not affected by free sex, even though this is considered taboo.
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Hattakitpanichakul, Kultida, Rutja Phuphaibul, Srisamorn Phumonsakul i Chukiat Viwatwongkasem. "Effectiveness of the Dual Approach Program to promote sexual abstinence in Thai early female adolescents and improve parent-daughter sexual communication". Journal of Health Research 33, nr 4 (7.07.2019): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-09-2018-0090.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of abstinence-based sexual education programs delivered in parallel to Thai parents and their early adolescent daughters to promote sexual abstinence and improve communication regarding sexual topics between them and their parents. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental design included groups of parent/daughter dyads; Group 1 (controls) (n=40), Group 2 Adolescent Program (n=40) and Group 3 Adolescent Parent Program (APP) (n=42). Outcome measures included parent–adolescent communications and adolescents’ sexual abstinence cognitions and intent to abstain from sexual behaviors, measured at five and nine weeks post-programs. Findings Generalized estimating equation analyses indicated that the dual program (APP) was more effective in increasing parental communication with their daughters compared with Group 1 (p-value<0.05) and only the daughters in the APP program reported more positive subjective norms, sense of perceived behavioral control and intent to abstain than did Group 1 (p-value<0.05). Originality/value The overarching goal of supporting the development of family environments where female adolescents are able to talk about sexuality is essential for adolescent sexual health promotion. The data provide further evidence that a dual program with simultaneous parent and female adolescent interactive activities over three sessions is superior compared with programs that target either the parents or the adolescents only. Hence, further replication with more parent–daughter dyads and then within more diverse cultures and populations is warranted. Developing and testing a similarly structured program for parents and sons is also required.
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South, Jason M., i Timothy F. Wright. "Nestling Sex Ratios in the Yellow-Naped Amazon: No Evidence for Adaptive Modification". Condor 104, nr 2 (1.05.2002): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.2.437.
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AbstractMany birds, including some parrots, may adjust the sex ratio of their offspring in relation to the relative fitness benefits of sons and daughters. We investigated nestling sex ratios in Yellow-naped Amazons (Amazona auropalliata) using a molecular sexing technique that amplifies intronic regions of the CHD-W and CHD-Z genes in birds. We examined all nestlings in 37 complete clutches comprising 77 chicks. The overall nestling sex ratio did not differ from unity. Sex allocation was not associated with hatch date, sequence of hatching, or clutch size. We also found no difference in sex ratio between two regional dialects. Female Yellow-naped Amazons may be unable to control their hatchling sex ratio. Alternatively, there may be no fitness benefits to females producing more of one sex in relation to the factors we measured here.No Existe Evidencia que Indique Modificaciones Adaptativas de la Proporción de Sexos en la Progenie de Amazona auropalliataResumen. En muchas aves, incluyendo los loros, la proporción de sexos en la progenie puede ajustarse en relación a los beneficios relativos de adecuación biológica de hembras y machos. Dichas tasas fueron investigadas en Amazona auropalliata por medio de una técnica molecular de determinación sexual por la cual se amplifican regiones intrónicas de los genes CHD-W y CHD-Z de aves. Se examinaron todos los pichones de 37 nidadas completas, constituidas por 77 pichones. La proporción de sexos total no resultó diferente a uno. La asignación sexual no estuvo correlacionada con la fecha de eclosión, la secuencia de eclosión, ni el tamaño de la nidada. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias en las proporciones de sexos entre dos dialectos vocales regionales. Las hembras de A. auropalliata podrían no tener la habilidad de controlar la proporción de sexos de su progenie. Alternativamente, es posible que en términos de adecuación biológica, no haya diferencia en el beneficio de producir una progenie enriquecida en un sexo determinado con respecto a los factores medidos en este estudio.
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Kyomuhangi, Teddy, Barbara Naggayi, Eleanor Turyakira Turyakira, Sundus Khan, Neema Murembe, Elizabeth Kemigisha, Robens Mutatina i in. "83 Understanding complex community structures to improve sexual reproductive health for adolescents in Uganda". Paediatrics & Child Health 26, Supplement_1 (1.10.2021): e60-e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxab061.065.
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Abstract Primary Subject area Global Child and Youth Health Background Based on the 2014 census, 35% of Uganda’s population is between 10-24 years old. Health indicators show concerning sexual and reproductive health (SRH) trends such as high teen pregnancy, unsafe abortions, limited contraceptive use, and access to antenatal and postnatal care. However, the barriers to adolescents seeking and receiving care are complicated due to pre-existing social structures in smaller, closely linked communities. Objectives To understand the social structures and motivation of communities in western Ugandan districts that impact SRH in adolescents to better implement Healthy Adolescent and Young people (HAY!). Design/Methods In September 2020, a qualitative study was conducted in 2 districts, in southwestern Uganda. Fourteen focus group discussions and 3 key informant interviews consisted of 94 participants were carried out with a purposive sample of adolescents, parents, community health workers (CHWs), community leaders, health facility staff, and district health officers. Ethics approval was obtained and COVID-19 prevention guidelines were strictly followed. Data was audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Results Based on our qualitative inquiry, participants recognized that adolescents face numerous SRH challenges and expressed their tension for change and motivation to support interventions that may positively impact SRH behavior and outcomes in adolescents. However, participants who were mothers highlighted that their motivation was due to better marriage prospects for their daughters, which is determined by respect and social standing in the community. In situations of unwanted pregnancies, participants shared that because of the fear of shame, and desire to keep adolescents in school, mothers often supported unsafe abortion to maintain community standing. This is an unusual and interesting finding. Similarly, aunties and uncles were traditionally regarded as champions for protecting and guiding adolescents, but participants highlighted a negative shift in this dynamic; aunties and uncles put female adolescents at risk by connecting them with interested men in exchange for gifts and money. Consequently, they are no longer trusted. Despite these gaps, volunteer CHWs who work closely within their communities by conducting home visits, educating, and providing referrals, emerged as a trusted resource by adolescent participants in accessing SRH related information. CHW participants also shared that adolescents often confided in them when unable to speak openly with their parents. Conclusion Although participant groups were motivated towards supporting adolescents, interventions must first understand and navigate complex community structures to deliver a comprehensive and targeted intervention to improve SRH outcomes in adolescents.
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DOMÍNGUEZ-RUÉ, EMMA. "Madwomen in the Drawing-Room: Female Invalidism in Ellen Glasgow's Gothic Stories". Journal of American Studies 38, nr 3 (grudzień 2004): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875804008722.
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“Definitions belong to the definers, not the defined.” Toni Morrison, Beloved.Freud's psychoanalytic theories of fear of castration and penis-envy transformed woman into not-man, thus defining her as “other” and “lacking.” His studies also gave a sexual component to relationships among women, marking them as potentially lesbian and hence deviant. Medical men of Victorian England and America consciously or unconsciously helped to justify gender roles and women's seclusion in the domestic on the grounds that their specific physiology made them slaves of their reproductive system. As women's ovaries presumably controlled their lives and their behavior, genitals determined social roles, and doctors urged mothers to remind their daughters that any deviation from their “natural” and legitimate functions as wives and mothers could ruin their health forever. The cult of True Womanhood conveniently idealized maternity and defined the virtues of obedience, piety, and passivity as essentially feminine, while it condemned the desire for an education or the practice of birth control as unnatural and dangerous to women and to the whole of society. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, hysteria became the most fashionable of the so-called “female maladies” among middle- and upper-class women, a fact that illustrates how physicians failed to dissociate scientific evidence from social views of the period. Victorian psychologists and gynecologists mimicked contemporary male attitudes, which sanctioned the doctrine of separate spheres, while affectionate bonds between women were regarded with suspicion, as they could lead to homosexuality.
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Matejic, Bojana, i Vesna Kesic. "Ethics and reproductive health: The issue of HPV vaccination". Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, nr 1-2 (2013): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1302127m.
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The ethics of reproductive health covers a wide field of different issues, from the ethical dimensions of assisted reproduction, life of newborns with disabilities to the never-ending debate on the ethical aspects of abortion. Furthermore, increasing attention is paid to the ethical dimensions of using stem cells taken from human embryos, the creation of cloned embryos of patients for possible self-healing, and the increasingly present issue of reproductive cloning. Development of vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) has introduced new ethical aspects related to reproductive health and the need for a consensus of clinical and public-healthcare population. Today immunization with HPV vaccine is a measure for the primary prevention of cervical cancer and it provides effective protection against certain types of viruses included in the vaccine. The most often mentioned issues of discussions on ethical concerns about HPV vaccination are the recommended age of girls who should be informed and vaccinated (12-14 years), attitudes and fears of parents concerning discussion with their preadolescent daughters on issues important for their future sexual behavior, dilemma on the vaccination of boys and the role of the chosen pediatrician in providing information on the vaccination. In Serbia, two HPV vaccines have been registered but the vaccination is not compulsory. Up-till-now there has been no researches on the attitudes of physicians and parents about HPV vaccination. Nevertheless, it is very important to initiate education of general and medical public about the fact that the availability of vaccine, even if we disregard all aforementioned dilemmas, does not lead to the neglect of other preventive strategies against cervical cancer, primarily screening. The National Program for Cervical Cancer Prevention involves organized screening, i.e. regular cytological examinations of the cervical smear of all women aged 25-69 years, every three years, regardless of the vaccination status.
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Redondo, Tomas, Montserrat Gomendio i Rosario Medina. "Sex-Biased Parent-Offspring Conflict". Behaviour 123, nr 3-4 (1992): 261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00057.
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AbstractIn species showing sexual dimorphism, parents may obtain different fitness returns per unit of parental expenditure from sons and daughters. Under these circumstances, parents are expected to invest extra resources in offspring of the most profitable sex. However, it is unclear whether sex-biased expenditure is the result of selection acting on parents, their offspring, or both. Current parent-offspring conflict theory is used to investigate whether sex biases in parental expenditure should be accompanied by sex biases in parent-offspring conflict. It is suggested that, in general, greater conflict should be expected between parents and offspring of the favoured sex. Specifically, greater conflict is predicted among mother-son dyads than among mother-daughter dyads in most polygynous birds and mammals. Data on domestic sheep, as well as empirical evidence available for other species (mainly ungulates), lends support to the prediction. The prediction is further extended to cercopithecine primates, a group which lacks clear sex-biases in parental investment. In this case, differences in fitness returns per unit of parental expenditure between the daughters of dominant and subordinate mothers are positively related to differences in the extent of mother-daughter conflict. The results from this study highlight the important role that selective pressures acting on the offspring phenotype may have played in the evolution of sex-biased patterns of parental investment.
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Hutchinson, M. Katherine. "The Influence of Sexual Risk Communication Between Parents and Daughters on Sexual Risk Behaviors*". Family Relations 51, nr 3 (lipiec 2002): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2002.00238.x.
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Ustilaitė, Stasė, Alina Petrauskienė i Jūratė Česnavičienė. "Self-Assessment and Expectations of Mothers’ Communication With Adolescents on Sexuality Issues". Pedagogika 140, nr 4 (31.01.2021): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2020.140.7.
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This article reviews survey data obtained through anonymous questionnaires of 779 mothers on the website apklausa.lt. on their perceptions, emotional well-being, and expectations of communication with adolescents on sexuality issues. The majority of the survey participants think that they can talk openly with their daughters and sons on various topics of sexuality(about emotional changes in adolescence, friendship and love to a person of a different gender, violence, abuse recognition and help, family importance to the individual and society, gender equality, equality of roles of men and women, etc.). Mothers, who have higher education degrees, are more likely to interact with their children about sexual orientation and gender stereotypes created by the media, mass culture, and advertising regarding body appearance and their impact on a person’s self-perception. The survey results showed that almost all mothers who participated in the survey (93.6%) perceived conversations with their children on sexuality / sexual relations topics as their responsibility i.e. associated with responsible motherhood, but 64.1% of mothers indicated that they felt uncomfortable, 51.8% of them felt disturbed and 65.9% – ashamed. Mothers hope that interviews with adolescents can help protect adolescents from risky sexual behaviour (63.4% of mothers expect that their daughter / son will not have sex in adolescence; 76.6% expect that adolescents are less likely to become pregnant and 72.5% mothers note that the child will be more resistant to peer pressure to have sex).
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de Visser, Richard, i Elizabeth McDonnell. "Correlates of parents' reports of acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccination for their school-aged children". Sexual Health 5, nr 4 (2008): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08042.
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Background: Routine human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination for 12–13-year-old girls will be introduced in the UK from September 2008. The aim of the present study was to identify correlates of parents’ anticipated uptake of HPV vaccination for their sons and daughters. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 353 parents of school-aged children living in Brighton and Hove (England). The main outcome measure was anticipated acceptance of HPV vaccination for children. Putative predictors of acceptance of HPV vaccination included general attitudes toward vaccination, beliefs about the impact on adolescent sexual behaviour of vaccines against sexually transmissible infections, and knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer. Results: Multivariate regression revealed that greater perceived benefits of HPV vaccination, greater general belief in the protection offered by vaccination, and greater support for adolescent sexual health services explained substantial proportions of the variance in HPV vaccine acceptability for both sons and daughters. For both sons and daughters, the most important correlate of vaccine acceptability was general belief in the protection offered by vaccination: this variable explained 40–50% of variance. Acceptability of vaccination appeared to improve following the provision of brief information about the links between HPV and cervical cancer and the proposed introduction of HPV vaccination. Conclusions: Uptake of HPV vaccination may be maximised by: improving attitudes toward the safety and efficacy of childhood vaccinations; countering concerns that provision of sexual health services for young people will encourage promiscuous or unsafe sexual behaviour; and improving knowledge about the role of HPV in cervical cancer aetiology.
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Wright, John, William Friedrich, Caroline Cinq-Mars, Mireille Cyr i Pierre McDuff. "Self-Destructive and Delinquent Behaviors of Adolescent Female Victims of Child Sexual Abuse: Rates and Covariates in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples". Violence and Victims 19, nr 6 (grudzień 2004): 627–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.6.627.66343.
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Self-destructive and delinquent behaviors were assessed in three samples of adolescent females. The first sample (N = 140) were substantiated victims of sexual abuse recruited from clinical settings. They were contrasted to a second sample (N = 430) of secondary school students, and a third sample from the same school setting (N = 94), that reported that they had been sexually abused. Few differences were found between the two groups of sexually abused girls, and both groups reported significantly more at-risk behaviors than nonabused girls. Family adversity was a consistent predictor of both self-destructive and delinquent behaviors. However, violence during the abuse, lower quality mother-daughter relationships, and depression were also related to self-destructive behaviors, while family economic problems and self-blame for the abuse were the only correlates of delinquent behavior.
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Sharma, Avichal, Pallavi Pandey Sharma i Dr K. Padmawati. "Gender Equality as an Element of Indian Socioeconomic Development: Census Scanning". Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management 11, nr 03 (23.03.2024): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjebm.2024.v11i03.002.
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The socioeconomic classification of men and women—how cultures separate men and women and assign them different social roles—is referred to as "gender." The distinction between sex and gender was created to address the widespread propensity to blame women's subordination on their physical makeup. It has long been held that sex determines the various traits, roles, and statuses given to men and women in society and that these factors are natural and hence unchangeable. The duties and behaviors that are allocated to men and women depending on their sexual preferences are considered to be intimately tied to gender. Gendering begins in families and society as soon as a child is born. Sons receive more love, respect, better nourishment, and appropriate medical care at birth than daughters do, which is why the birth of a boy is celebrated whereas the delivery of a daughter is painful. Girls are taught to stay at home and be reserved, while boys are encouraged to be tough and social. These are all gender-based distinctions that society has produced. Therefore, gender inequality is a type of inequality that is unique from other types of socio-economic disparity.
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Guardia, Amanda C. La, Judith A. Nelson i Ian M. Lertora. "The Impact of Father Absence on Daughter Sexual Development and Behaviors". Family Journal 22, nr 3 (3.04.2014): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480714529887.
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Soron, Tanjir Rashid. "A Case Report on Management of Father Daughter Incest with Schizophrenia". Case Reports in Psychiatry 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4010187.
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Incest is a neglected and hidden public health problem. This case is about a patient who was victim of sexual abuse, suffered from schizophrenia and abused his biological daughter. He was physically and sexually abused by seniors and classmates, developed paranoid delusion and auditory hallucination. During the course of the illness, he was hospitalized several times as a case of schizophrenia and sexual dysfunction was his main concern. The patient’s illness followed a waxing and waning course. He took medication on on-and-off basis. He abused his biological daughter sexually at the later stage of the illness. Ultimately, the patient attempted suicide after an indecent sexual act with another relative and he was admitted to the hospital. He was treated with risperidone that was titrated to 10 mg per day. After continuing the medication for 2 years he regained a functioning life and remained stable with medication. This case shows the importance of exploring the sexual behavior of the patients and sharing the experience may help in the treatment of schizophrenia patients with incest.
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Adrián, A., C. Noval Canga, H. Rebeca, S. Isabel, G. Sofía, R. Lara, G. Marta, Á. Aldara i D. V. Pilar. "Culture and mental disorders". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): S517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.678.
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ObjectivesShow with a case report how psychiatric pathology may face differential diagnosis problems when sociocultural aspects are involved.Methods and materialsSeventy-three year old man, born in Colombia. During the last two months, he had come many times to the emergency service due to behavioural changes. He does not have previous psychiatric history. His daughter refers that one of the patient's sisters has been diagnosed of “mystical madness”. The previous days he abandoned his medical treatment saying that he “gets in touch with his wife and that he wants to meet her”. Since his wife's dead, he had presented an excessively adapted behaviour, without grief symptoms. The first hospitalization day he said we wanted to get married with one of his daughters, with a sexual content speech, being able to get emotional when he spoke about his dead wife. Now the patient is under frequent reviews, and it is thought the differential diagnosis of depression with psychotic symptoms, due to the lack of symptoms remission.ConclusionWhenever we face different psychiatric diagnosis we don’t keep in mind some sociocultural factors, which could be masked and raise different doubts. It is important to keep in mind that each country or ethnical have their own cultural habits which are going to deeply influence patient's personality.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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O'Donnell, Lydia, Ann Stueve, Richard Duran, Athi Myint-U, Gail Agronick, Alexi San Doval i Renée Wilson-Simmons. "Parenting Practices, Parents' Underestimation of Daughters' Risks, and Alcohol and Sexual Behaviors of Urban Girls". Journal of Adolescent Health 42, nr 5 (maj 2008): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.10.008.
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