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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Cyclic”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 18 maja 2024

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1

Maislin, Scott. "Cyclic Codes and Cyclic Lattices". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1552.

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In this thesis, we review basic properties of linear codes and lattices with a certain focus on their interplay. In particular, we focus on the analogous con- structions of cyclic codes and cyclic lattices. We start out with a brief overview of the basic theory and properties of linear codes. We then demonstrate the construction of cyclic codes and emphasize their importance in error-correcting coding theory. Next we survey properties of lattices, focusing on algorithmic lattice problems, exhibit the construction of cyclic lattices and discuss their applications in cryptography. We emphasize the similarity and common prop- erties of the two cyclic constructions.

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2

Wilson, Marie-Claire. "Cyclic hydroxamates". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61615.pdf.

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3

Amin, M. "Cyclic sulphurdiimides". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38221.

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4

Williams, A. C. "The importance of cyclic nucleotides (cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP) in the development of malignant disease". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379348.

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5

Cantrell, Daniel Shelton. "Cyclic, f-Cyclic, and Bicyclic Decompositions of the Complete Graph into the 4-Cycle with a Pendant Edge". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1872.

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In this paper, we consider decompositions of the complete graph on v vertices into 4-cycles with a pendant edge. In part, we will consider decompositions which admit automorphisms consisting of: (1) a single cycle of length v, (2) f fixed points and a cycle of length v − f, or (3) two disjoint cycles. The purpose of this thesis is to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of cyclic, f-cyclic, and bicyclic Q-decompositions of Kv.

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6

Kampmeyer, Thomas. "Cyclic scheduling problems". Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980566215.

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7

Voigt, Christian. "Equivariant cyclic homology". [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968496768.

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8

Reid, Robert Stowers. "Open cyclic thermoacoustics". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15850.

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9

Gedeon, Tomáš. "Cyclic feedback systems". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29161.

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10

Jones, Paul Glyn. "Cyclic factorizability theories". Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4393/.

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Let r denote a finite group and R a commutative ring. Factorizability theories seek to describe similarities between the local structure of R1-modules M and N, where M and N are related by, for example, being isomorphic when tensored up with Q. In the first three chapters of this thesis, we define two families of factorizability theories, the invariance and coinvariance factorizability theories. We will consider three members of these families. We demonstrate that monomial invariance factorizability is equivalent to monomial factorizability as defined in [19]. We go on to consider the two cyclic cases. We demonstrate that the weak cyclic invariance factorizability theory is strict and is identical to the weak cyclic coinvariance factorizability theory. We also demonstrate that the strong cyclic invariance factorizability theory and the strong cyclic coinvariance factorizability theory are not identical but are equivalent. In chapters 4 and 5, we discuss C.M.M. F-functors over R. Thus we find relations which can simplify the calculation of the invariance and coinvariance factorizability theories. An index of the less well known definitions used in this thesis is included as an appendix.

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11

Remesic, Michael, Yeon Sun Lee i Victor J. Hruby. "Cyclic Opioid Peptides". BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621935.

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For decades the opioid receptors have been an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. Since the first discovery of enkephalin, approximately a dozen endogenous opioid peptides have been known to produce opioid activity and analgesia, but their therapeutics have been limited mainly due to low blood brain barrier penetration and poor resistance to proteolytic degradation. One versatile approach to overcome these drawbacks is the cyclization of linear peptides to cyclic peptides with constrained topographical structure. Compared to their linear parents, cyclic analogs exhibit better metabolic stability, lower offtarget toxicity, and improved bioavailability. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies have uncovered promising compounds for the treatment of pain as well as further elucidate structural elements required for selective opioid receptor activity. The benefits that come with employing cyclization can be further enhanced through the generation of polycyclic derivatives. Opioid ligands generally have a short peptide chain and thus the realm of polycyclic peptides has yet to be explored. In this review, a brief history of designing ligands for the opioid receptors, including classic linear and cyclic ligands, is discussed along with recent approaches and successes of cyclic peptide ligands for the receptors. Various scaffolds and approaches to improve bioavailability are elaborated and concluded with a discourse towards polycyclic peptides.

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12

Ganguly, Chandrima. "Anisotropic cyclic cosmologies". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278655.

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Standard models of cosmology use inflation as a mechanism to resolve the isotropy and homogeneity problem of the universe as well as the flatness problem. However, due to various well known problems with the inflationary paradigm, there has been an ongoing search for alternatives. Perhaps the most famous among these are the cyclic universe scenarios which incorporate bounces. As these scenarios have a contracting phase in the evolution of the universe, anisotropies and inhomogeneities would be expected to blow up on approach to the bounce. Thus, it is reasonable to ask whether the problems of homogeneity and isotropy can still be resolved in these scenarios. In this thesis, I will focus on the problem of the resolution of the isotropy problem. I begin with a brief review of anisotropic, spatially homogeneous geometries of cosmological interest. Next, I review the existing literature on bouncing cosmologies, and discuss the mechanism of bounce studied in previously proposed models, as well as their theoretical and observational advantages and disadvantages. I then discuss the process of isotropisation in the contracting phase of each bounce. In this phase of the evolution, the mechanism of ekpyrosis is used in most cosmological scenarios which incorporate a contracting phase to mitigate the problem of anisotropies blowing up on approaching the bounce. I start by studying anisotropic universes and I then examine the effect of the addition of ultra-stiff anisotropic pressures on the ekpyrotic phase. I then consider evolving such anisotropic universes through several cycles with increasing expansion maxima at each successive bounce. This eventually leads to flatness in the isotropic case. My aim is to see if the resolution of the flatness problem also leads to a simultaneous resolution of the isotropy problem. In the next chapter, I consider the effect of non comoving velocities on the shape of this anisotropic bouncing universe. In the final section of my thesis, I consider anisotropic cosmological models within the context of canonical quantum cosmology and investigate the quantum behaviour of anisotropies.

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13

Baum, Lauris M. Frampton Paul H. "A cyclic cosmology". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2375.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy." Discipline: Physics and Astronomy; Department/School: Physics and Astronomy.

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14

Atris, Youssef H. "Design of RSD-cyclic and hybrid RSD-Cyclic/sigma-delta ADCs". Diss., Wichita State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1421.

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In this research work two contributions to the area of analog to digital data converters have been discussed. The area of focus is the RSD-Cyclic and sigma-delta ADC. First a novel hybrid RSD-Cyclic-sigma-delta architecture is introduced which is a combination of the RSDCyclic ADC and sigma-delta ADC architectures. The resolution obtained with this hybrid architecture is n = n1 + n2 , where n1 = MSBrsd stands for the most significant bits obtained from the RSD-architecture and n2 = LSBsdl stands for the least significant bits obtained from the sigma-delta architecture. Since the sigma-delta block is required to achieve only an n2-bit resolution (n2, n1 < n ) the over-sampling ratio required for the sigma-delta is not as high as the over-sampling ratio required to achieve n-bit resolution. Also the requirements on the RSD-Cyclic block are only the requirements to achieve n1-bit resolution, which means that the requirements on the analog building blocks for the RSD-Cyclic part are more relaxed. Secondly, in the RSD-Cyclic area we have introduced a circuit technique that allows an entire ADC system to run on one operational amplifier without any loss of functionality. Therefore we will be saving power and area, both very desirable features for mobile applications.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
"July 2007."

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15

Atris, Youssef H. Paarmann Larry D. "Design of RSD-cyclic and hybrid RSD-Cyclic/sigma-delta ADCs /". Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1421.

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16

Fujishige, Kotomi. "Metabolism of Cyclic Nucleotides : Association of Cyclic GMP with Chondrogenic Differentiation and Identification of a Novel Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase". Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151601.

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17

Günay-Esiyok, Özlem. "Cyclic GMP signaling during the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20740.

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Der cGMP-Signalweg ist als einer der Hauptregulatoren von diversen Funktionen in Eukaryoten bekannt; allerdings ist seine Funktionsweise in Protozoen wenig verstanden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Guanylatcyclase, gekoppelt mit N-terminalen P4-ATPase, in intrazellulären Parasiten Toxoplasma gondii gemeldet. Eine in silico-Analyse wies auf eine Aktivierung der Guanylatcyclase durch Heterodimerisierung ihrer Cyclasedomänen hin und ermöglichte wertvolle Einsichten in mögliche Funktionen ihrer ATPase-Domäne. Dieses Protein (477-kDa) bezeichnet als TgATPaseP-GC in dieser Studie, lokalisiert in der Plasmamembran am apikalen Pol des Parasiten. TgATPaseP-GC ist unempfänglich gegenüber genetischer Deletion und seine CRISPR/Cas9 unterstützte Spaltung beendet den lytischen Zyklus von T. gondii vorzeitig. Darüber hinaus reduzierte ein Cre/loxP-vermittelter Knockdown von TgATPaseP-GC die Synthese von cGMP im Tachyzoiten und inhibierte das Parasitenwachstum aufgrund von Beeinträchtigungen Motilitäts-abhängiger Prozesse des Austretens und Eindringens. Trotz seiner zeitlich beschränkten Funktion ist TgATPaseP-GC konstitutiv während des ganzen lytischen Zyklus exprimiert, welches eine post-translationale Regulierung des cGMP-Signalweges bedingt. Nicht zuletzt impliziert das Vorhandensein von TgATPaseP-GC-Orthologen in anderen Alveolata eine divergente Umfunktionierung der cGMP-Signalwege in Protozoen. Darüber hinaus wurde ein optogenetischer Ansatz verwendet, um den cGMP-Weg durch eine photo-aktivierte Rhodopsin-Guanylat-Cyclase (RhoGC) in T. gondii zu exprimiert. Dieses System erlaubte eine kontrollierte Erhöhung von cGMP durch Licht in einer schnellen und reversiblen Weise. Die Anregung von RhoGC stimulierte signifikant die Parasitenmotilität, deren Auswirkung auch mit erhöhten Eindringen und Austreten überwacht wurde; im Gegensatz zum genetischen Knockdown von TgATPaseP-GC. Das System ermöglicht die Vermittler des cGMP-Signalwegs durch Phosphoproteomics zu identifizieren.
cGMP signaling is known as one of the master regulators of diverse functions in eukaryotes; however, its architecture and functioning in protozoans remain poorly understood. In the scope of this thesis, an exclusive guanylate cyclase coupled with N-terminal P4-ATPase was reported in an obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In silico analysis indicated an activation of the guanylate cyclase by heterodimerization of its two cyclase domains and offered valuable insights into possible functions of its ATPase domain. This bulky protein (477-kDa), termed in this study as TgATPaseP-GC to reflect its envisaged multifunctionality, localizes in the plasma membrane at the apical pole of the parasite. TgATPaseP-GC is refractory to genetic deletion, and its CRISPR/Cas9-assisted disruption aborts the lytic cycle of T. gondii. Besides, Cre/loxP-mediated knockdown of TgATPaseP-GC reduced the synthesis of cGMP in tachyzoites and inhibited the parasite growth due to impairments of motility-dependent egress and invasion events. Notably, despite its temporally restricted function, TgATPaseP-GC is expressed constitutively throughout the lytic cycle, entailing a post-translational regulation of cGMP signaling. Not least, the occurrence of TgATPaseP-GC orthologs in several other alveolates implies a divergent functional repurposing of cGMP signaling in protozoans. Furthermore, an optogenetic approach was utilized to induce cGMP pathway by a photo-activated rhodopsin-guanylate cyclase (RhoGC) in T. gondii. The system enabled a light-control of cGMP elevation on crucial steps of lytic cycle in a fast, spatial and reversible manner. Excitation of RhoGC significantly stimulated the parasite motility of which impact was also monitored with an increased host-cell invasion and egress; as opposed to the genetic knockdown of TgATPaseP-GC. Having an established optogenetic system in the parasite allows to identify downstream targets of cGMP signaling via phosphoproteomic analysis.

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18

Abood, Awad Shihan. "Load capacity of piled foundations under non-cyclic and cyclic uplift loading". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329618.

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19

Dubdub, Ahmad Jassim. "Load capacity of piled foundations under non-cyclic and cyclic compressive loading". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309371.

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20

Bellosi, Giuditta. "Il Cyclic Sieving Phenomenon". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19258/.

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Questa tesi si ripropone di presentare il cyclic sieving phenomenon (CSP). Tale fenomeno si verifica nell’azione di un gruppo ciclico G su un insieme finito: esso consiste nel fatto che il numero di elementi dell’insieme fissati da ogni sottogruppo di G corrisponde alla valutazione di un polinomio a coefficienti interi in una radice primitiva dell’unità di ordine corrispondente a quello del sottogruppo considerato. Il nostro obbiettivo è quindi di studiare il CSP in determinati contesti algebrici. Nel primo capitolo richiameremo le nozioni necessarie alla definizione del CSP e ne evidenzieremo le caratteristiche fondamentali. Analizzeremo poi il CSP nel contesto dei multinsiemi, soffermandoci sull'azione del gruppo simmetrico su di essi e sull'utilizzo del polinomio gaussiano. Nel quarto capitolo ci occupiamo di studiare il fenomeno del setaccio ciclico nel contesto della Teoria della Rappresentazione, mostrando come il fenomeno possa essere visto come il cambiamento di base all’interno di un G-modulo. Attraverso alcuni risultati della Teoria della Rappresentazione, enunciamo il teorema che garantisce la presenza del CSP in una terna generica sfruttando esclusivamente l’isomorfismo tra G-moduli. Nell’ultima sezione definiremo i tensori simmetrici e li utilizzeremo per fornire un’ulteriore dimostrazione del CSP enunciato nel caso dei multinsiemi. Nel quinto capitolo ci focalizzeremo sullo studio del fenomeno nel contesto dei gruppi generati da riflessioni complesse, sfruttando l’azione libera e semi libera dei gruppi ciclici. Definiremo due importanti algebre, l’algebra gruppo e l’algebra dei coinvarianti, necessarie per enunciare un importante teorema sul CSP che mette in relazione gli elementi precedentemente citati. Quest'ultimo, applicato ai gruppi di Coxeter, nello specifico al gruppo simmetrico, fornisce un'ulteriore dimostrazione del CSP sui multinsiemi.

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21

Ringeborn, Ulrika. "Det cykliska : The cyclic". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20657.

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In this essay I analyze the way my collection of poetry relates to the concept cyclic. What is cyclic and what different interpretations are there concerning the concept? Which other related concepts are there regarding things that seem to reoccur regularly? How does the cyclical, the circular, relate to the linear in regard, for example, to the perception of time? Life often creates the sense that different phenomena and experiences repeat themselves. Different processes are conducted according to regular or irregular cyclical phases, situations seem familiar and events can be relived. Starting from my writing project Sinnligt kviller, a collection of poems, I discuss these questions in themselves and the impact they have had on my collection. I describe the phenomenon cyclic as a result of the emotions and moods this term creates in a more or less decisive way. The intention with this paper is to show how Sinnligt kviller offers different perspectives of and reflections upon the various feelings provoked by the cyclic in our lives, feelings that are given my own voice in the literary text under study.

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22

Helfrick, John C. "Cyclic square wave voltammetry". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30681.

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23

Toor, A. P. S. "Biaxial cyclic plastic bending". Thesis, Coventry University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372393.

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24

Okorie, Aaron Onyemaechi Darlington. "Cyclic loading of silt". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305257.

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25

Rodrigues, Helena C. C. D. "Cyclic distributed garbage collection". Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/21588/.

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With the continued growth of distributed systems as a means to provide shared data, designers are turning their attention to garbage collection, prompted by the complexity of memory management and the desire for transparent object management. Garbage collection in very large address spaces is a difficult and unsolved problem, due to problems of efficiency, fault-tolerance, scalability and completeness. The collection of distributed garbage cycles is especially problematic. This thesis presents a new algorithm for distributed garbage collection and describes its implementation in the Network Objects system. The algorithm is based on a reference listing scheme, which is augmented by partial tracing in order to collect distributed garbage cycles. Our collector is designed to be flexible, allowing efficiency, promptness and fault-tolerance to be traded against completeness, albeit it can be also complete. Processes may be dynamically organised into groups, according to appropriate heuristics, in order to reclaim distributed garbage cycles. Multiple concurrent distributed garbage collections that span groups are supported: when two collections meet they may either merge, overlap or retreat. This choice may be done at the level of different partial tracings, of processes or of individual objects. The algorithm places no overhead on local collectors and does not disrupt the collection of acyclic distributed garbage. Partial tracing of the distributed graph involves only objects thought to be part of a garbage cycle: no collaboration with other processes is required.

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26

Hakeem, N.-A. S. "Biochemical studies of cytidine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate and other novel endogenous cyclic nucleotides". Thesis, Swansea University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539786.

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27

Travers, Brian J. "New results for Z-cyclic generalized whist tournaments and Z-cyclic generalized whist frames /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3135919.

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28

Wilson, Simon Trevor. "Applications of cyclic belief propagation". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251732.

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Chen, Zhiqiang. "Cyclic prefix in OFDM systems". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558332.

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30

Borsi, John Joseph. "Cyclic scheduling with spacing constraints". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25475.

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31

Singh, Rina. "The synthesis of cyclic polyacetylenes /". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75892.

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The Pd(0) catalyzed coupling reaction of o-dibromobenzene with acetylenes afforded bis acetylenic compounds which were used as precursors for the synthesis of 10, 11, 12, 13, 18 and 20-membered ring systems.
The 10-membered benzo-oxadiyne ring 29 is a model compound of the core of antitumor antibiotic calichemicin $ bf{ gamma sp1 sb1}$. Molecular modeling calculations on 29 indicated the possibility of two conformers.
A method for the conversion of aryl carboxylic acids to their iodides has been developed.
Intermediates were prepared as model compounds towards the synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin.

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32

Adkin, P. "Yield surfaces in cyclic plasticity". Thesis, Coventry University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374221.

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Smethurst, Chris. "Asymmetric synthesis of cyclic amines". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298718.

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Brodzki, Jacek. "Cyclic cohomology and Lie cochains". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257657.

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35

Woolven, H. A. "Studies on cyclic ether formation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315759.

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D'Avanzo, Antonella. "On charge 3 cyclic monopoles". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4728.

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Monopoles are solutions of an SU(2) gauge theory in R3 satisfying a lower bound for energy and certain asymptotic conditions, which translate as topological properties encoded in their charge. Using methods from integrable systems, monopoles can be described in algebraic-geometric terms via their spectral curve, i.e. an algebraic curve, given as a polynomial P in two complex variables, satisfying certain constraints. In this thesis we focus on the Ercolani-Sinha formulation, where the coefficients of P have to satisfy the Ercolani-Sinha constraints, given as relations amongst periods. In this thesis a particular class of such monopoles is studied, namely charge 3 monopoles with a symmetry by C3, the cyclic group of order 3. This class of cyclic 3-monopoles is described by the genus 4 spectral curve X , subject to the Ercolani-Sinha constraints: the aim of the present work is to establish the existence of such monopoles, which translates into solving the Ercolani-Sinha constraints for X . Exploiting the symmetry of the system,we manage to recast the problem entirely in terms of a genus 2 hyperelliptic curve X, the (unbranched) quotient of X by C3 . A crucial step to this aim involves finding a basis forH1( X; Z), with particular symmetry properties according to a theorem of Fay. This gives a simple formfor the period matrix of X ; moreover, results by Fay and Accola are used to reduce the Ercolani-Sinha constraints to hyperelliptic ones on X. We solve these constraints onX numerically, by iteration using the tetrahedral monopole solution as starting point in the moduli space. We use the Arithmetic-GeometricMean method to find the periods onX: this method iswell understood for a genus 2 curve with real branchpoints; in this work we propose an extension to the situation where the branchpoints appear in complex conjugate pairs, which is the case for X. We are hence able to establish the existence of a curve of solutions corresponding to cyclic 3-monopoles.

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Whittington, B. I. "Orbital interactions in cyclic molecules". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7819.

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Reaction of endo-tricyclo[3.2.1.0²,⁴]octane (oct-6-ene), 2-methyl-endo-tricyclo[3.2.1.0²,⁴]octane (oct-6-ene) and exo-tricyclo[3.2.1.0²,⁴]octane (oct-6-ene) with selected electrophiles are examined. Electrophilic attack at the cyclopropane ring occurs with inversion and this has been rationalised from a consideration of HOMO/LUMO interactions, and in particular, the secondary orbital interactions of the LUMO of the electrophile with the sigma framework in the HOMO. Protonation of a cyclopropane occurs with substantial positive charge development in the transition state and this dictates that carbocation stabilities are qualitatively an important feature for understanding the reaction. For mercuration of a cyclopropane, the absence of significant charge development in the transition state is considered a consequence of poor overlap of the Hg 6s LUMO with the cyclopropyl HOMO orbitals and rearrangement is disfavoured. Where rearrangement is observed carbocation stability is important in dictating the reaction driving force. When attack at either a similarly substituted double bond or cyclopropyl ring is possible, the regiochemistry of electrophile attack lS rationalised from a consideration of cation stabilities. Proton attack occurs preferentially at a cyclopropyl ring while Br⁺ attack occurs at a double bond. However, for mercuric acetate attack, there is no significant cation stabilising preference for attack at either a double bond or a cyclopropyl ring, and the regiochemistry of electrophile attack follows from a consideration of the relative contributions of the pi and cyclopropyl orbitals to the HOMO.

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38

Chen, Zhiqiang, i 陳志強. "Cyclic prefix in OFDM systems". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558332.

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El-Farrah, Miriam Mahannah. "Expectation Numbers of Cyclic Groups". TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1518.

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When choosing k random elements from a group the kth expectation number is the expected size of the subgroup generated by those specific elements. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the asymptotic properties for the first and second expectation numbers of large cyclic groups. The first chapter introduces the kth expectation number. This formula allows us to determine the expected size of any group. Explicit examples and computations of the first and second expectation number are given in the second chapter. Here we show example of both cyclic and dihedral groups. In chapter three we discuss arithmetic functions which are crucial to computing the first and second expectation numbers. The fourth chapter is where we introduce and prove asymptotic results for the first expectation number of large cyclic groups. The asymptotic results for the second expectation number of cyclic groups is given in the fifth chapter. Finally, the results are summarized and future work for expectation numbers is discussed.

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40

Crockett, Alan Keith. "Cyclic amidines in pseudopeptide chemistry". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240302.

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Humphreys, Luke. "The synthesis of cyclic tripeptides". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406979.

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Adams, David J. "Enantioselective synthesis of cyclic imides". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342485.

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Erdogan, Suat. "Studies on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388548.

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Rice, Mark. "Decoding of cyclic block codes". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330207.

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Middleton, Ann Jenny. "Cyclic phosphines for hydroformylation catalysis". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412371.

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Gairns, R. S. "The chemistry of cyclic sulphimides". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37700.

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Lin, Chuang-Chia 1968. "Cyclic deformation of FCC crystals". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37757.

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Shieh, Jay. "Ferroelectrics : switching and cyclic behaviour". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619624.

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Flower, Jean Alison. "Cyclic bordism and rack spaces". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73123/.

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This thesis falls into two parts, the first explores a cyclic version of bordism and the second studies the homotopy groups of rack spaces. In chapters 2-5 we begin by reviewing some theory of cyclic homology but we present it in a topological framework. Then cyclic bordism is introduced as a parallel theory. In particular we prove the equivalence of cyclic and equivariant theories. This enables us to reduce the question of representation of cyclic homology by cyclic bordism to that of representation of ordinary homology by bordism. Finally, we state a fixed point theorem of periodic bordism. In chapters 6-10 we study rack spaces, or the classifying spaces of racks. The homotopy groups of rack spaces are invariants of the rack up to rack isomorphism, and give invariants of semiframednon-split (irreducible) links ill the three-sphere. We describe methods for calculating the second homotopy group in chapter 7 and in the next chapter we apply one of the methods to find generators for the second homotopy of a class of racks, the finite Alexander quotients. Chapter 9 discusses topological racks. The classifying spaces of racks with a non-discrete topology have a cell structure and, although it fails to be a CVV cell structure, it can be used to calculate homotopy groups. The third homotopy group of a rack space is seen to be in one-to-one correspondence with bordism classes of framed labelled immersed surfaces in the three-sphere. We finish in chapter 10 by simplifying such surfaces within bordism to calculate the third homotopy group of the trivial rack and the cyclic racks, [pie]3(B(Cn))=Z2.

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Mizzon, Giulia. "Bioelectrochemistry by fluorescent cyclic voltammetry". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6a1134dd-c24d-4e60-ac83-936a6918131f.

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Understanding the factors influencing the ET characteristics of redox proteins confined at an electrochemical interface is of fundamental importance from both pure (fundamental science) and applied (biosensory) perspectives. This thesis reports on progress made in the emerging field of coupled electrochemical characterization and optical imaging in moving the analysis of redox-active films to molecular scales. More specifically the combination of cyclic voltammetry and wide-field Total Internal Reflection (TIRF) microscopy, here named ‘Fluorescent Cyclic Voltammetry’ (FCV), was applied to monitoring the response of surface-confined redox active proteins at submonolayer concentrations. The combined submicrometre spatial resolution and photon capture efficiency of an inverted TIRF configuration enabled the redox reactions of localized populations of proteins to be directly imaged at scales down to a few hundreds of molecules. This represents a 6-9 orders of magnitude enhancement in sensitivity with respect to classical current signals observed in bioelectrochemical analysis. Importantly, measurements of redox potentials at this scale could be achieved from both natural and artificially designed bioelectrochemical fluorescent switches and shed fundamental light on the thermodynamic and kinetic dispersion within a population of surface confined metalloproteins. The first three chapters of this thesis provide an overview of the relevant literature and a theoretical background to both the rapidly expanding fields of electroactive monolayers bioelectrochemistry and TIRF imaging. The initial design and construction of a robust electrochemically and optically addressable fluorescent switch, crucial to the applicability of FCV is reported in chapter 5. The generation of optically transparent, and chemically modifiable electrode surfaces suitable for FCV are also described. Chapter 6 describes the response of the surface confined azurin-based switch. Analysis of the spatially-resolved redox reaction of zeptomole samples in various conditions enables the mapping of thermodynamic dispersion across the sampled areas. In chapter 7 the newly developed FCV detection method was extended to investigate more complex bioelectrochemical systems containing multiple electron transferring redox centres and responding optically at different wavelengths. This approach provides a platform for spectral resolution of different electrochemical processes on the same sample. Finally in chapter 8 an electrochemical procedure is proposed for investigating the kinetic response of redox proteins using a fundamentally new methodology based on interfacial capacitance. In using variations in the surface chemistry to tune the rate of electron transfer, the approach was shown to be a robust and facile means of characterising redox active films in considerably more detail than possible through standard electrochemical methodologies. Ultimately, it can be applied to probe dispersion within protein populations and represents a powerful means of analysing molecular films more generally.

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