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Campbell, Stuart J., Joshua E. Cinner, Rizya L. Ardiwijaya, Shinta Pardede, Tasrif Kartawijaya, Ahmad Mukmunin, Yudi Herdiana, Andrew S. Hoey, Morgan S. Pratchett i Andrew H. Baird. "Avoiding conflicts and protecting coral reefs: customary management benefits marine habitats and fish biomass". Oryx 46, nr 4 (październik 2012): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000348.
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AbstractOne of the major goals of coral reef conservation is to determine the most effective means of managing marine resources in regions where economic conditions often limit the options available. For example, no-take fishing areas can be impractical in regions where people rely heavily on reef fish for food. In this study we test whether coral reef health differed among areas with varying management practices and socio-economic conditions on Pulau Weh in the Indonesian province of Aceh. Our results show that gear restrictions, in particular prohibiting the use of nets, were successful in minimizing habitat degradation and maintaining fish biomass despite ongoing access to the fishery. Reef fish biomass and hard-coral cover were two- to eight-fold higher at sites where fishing nets were prohibited. The guiding principle of the local customary management system, Panglima Laot, is to reduce conflict among community members over access to marine resources. Consequently, conservation benefits in Aceh have arisen from a customary system that lacks a specific environmental ethic or the means for strong resource-based management. Panglima Laot includes many of the features of successful institutions, such as clearly defined membership rights and the opportunity for resource users to be involved in making, enforcing and changing the rules. Such mechanisms to reduce conflict are the key to the success of marine resource management, particularly in settings that lack resources for enforcement.
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Tjiptabudy, Jantje. "Legal Development of Coastal Marine Management Based on the Idea of Pancasila". Hasanuddin Law Review 4, nr 1 (22.05.2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i1.1325.
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In relation to the positive law, the management of marine and coastal natural resources, there is also the rule of customary law. Customary law that still lives and develops in indigenous peoples also regulates the management system and utilization of natural resources in coastal and marine areas. Recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples is constitutionally contained in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia where the state recognizes the existence of the Customary Law Community. In Maluku, marine potency management in general is still done traditionally known as marine customary rights that have been going on for generations but not yet fully recognized either by the government or entrepreneurs who are actually important partners in the development process.
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RUDDLE, K., E. HVIDING i R. E. JOHANNES. "Marine Resources Management in the Context of Customary Tenure". Marine Resource Economics 7, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/mre.7.4.42629038.
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Timisela, Natelda R., Hellen Nanlohy i Ignatia Dyahapsari. "MANAGEMENT OF SEA RESOURCES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOMS IN CONSERVATION OF ISLAND KEI IN MALUKU TENGGARA REGENCY". Coastal and Ocean Journal (COJ) 1, nr 2 (21.11.2017): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/coj.1.2.113-126.
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The aim of research to determine the potential and use of marine resources, describe the values of local wisdom that have relevance to the management of marine resources, and describe forms of marine resource management. The research method used is survey method, by conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research location is located in Kei Island conservation area, Pulau-Pulau and the surrounding waters, Southeast Maluku Regency. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitative by describing all variables examined clearly and accurately. The results showed that the Kei Islands have incredible potential of the region, has the potential of fisheries and aquaculture is quite high and the fishery management area of strategic importance. The management of the area with the local wisdom approach of the community is carried out for generations, namely the culture of the sea and the culture of eating together. Local wisdom that is run so far strongly supports the determination of watershed conservation area. The forms of marine resource management in the conservation area is still governed by the rules verbally as is customary informal. The threat to the conservation of marine resources need to be aware through an integrated supervision sustainability of marine resources in order to remain protected, conservation and sustainable development.
Keywords
management, conservation area, local wisdom, community.
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Obie, Muhammad, i Lahaji. "Coastal and Marine Resource Policies and the Loss of Ethnic Identity of the Bajo Tribe". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, nr 3 (10.05.2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0050.
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The Bajo Tribe constructs themselves as part of their environment; their identity is bound to their relationship with coastal and marine resources. They lived and owned the coastal and marine resources in Tomini Bay since the 1800s; however, it shifted when the state set conservation and concession policies since the 1980s. This research analyzed the coastal and marine resource policies and its impact on the ethnic identity of the Bajo tribe. The researchers applied the historical sociology approach and collected data through observation, interviews, and documentation methods. The result showed that the state policies regarding coastal and marine resources, which followed by the resettlement program to the land, caused the customary institution of the Bajo Tribe removed from its cultural roots. Conservation policy resulted in the territorializing of coastal and marine areas. Meanwhile, the concession policy of forest management permit and cultivation right on land had caused damage in coastal and marine resources due to overexploitation. These policies cause the loss of ethnic identity of the Bajo Tribe due to closed access and destruction of coastal and marine resources.
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CLARKE, PEPE, i STACY D. JUPITER. "Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji)". Environmental Conservation 37, nr 1 (marzec 2010): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000354.
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SUMMARYNational laws and institutions interact with local governance systems to encourage CBNRM in some cases while creating conflict in others. A case study of Kubulau District (Bua Province, Fiji) illustrates the challenges and successes of implementing traditional community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) within a pluralist legal and institutional context. In 2005, the communities of Kubulau established a network of protected areas, including 17 traditional closures (tabu), three no-take district marine reserves, a legally–declared forest reserve and a proposed forest reserve, managed under an integrated ‘ridge-to-reef’ plan. Marine and terrestrial areas in Kubulau illustrate synergies and discord between national laws and community management rules, and provide examples of management success and conflict. Key components influencing diverse management outcomes in Kubulau include (1) the legal status of customary resource tenure, (2) incorporation of local knowledge, traditions and priorities, (3) clearly articulated relationships between local decision-making processes and government regulation, and (4) perceived equity in distribution of management benefits. Legal and institutional reforms are proposed to improve management of natural resources in Fiji.
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Aswani, Shankar. "Socioecological Approaches for Combining Ecosystem-Based and Customary Management in Oceania". Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/845385.
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This paper summarizes various integrated methodological approaches for studying Customary Management for the purpose of designing hybrid CM-Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) systems in Oceania. Using marine conservation in the Western Solomon Islands as an example, the paper illustrates various interdisciplinary human ecological methods that can assist in designing hybrid conservation programs. The study of human-environmental interactions from a socio-ecological perspective allows us to discern people's understanding of their immediate environment, differential forms of local resource governance and use (e.g., sea tenure and foraging strategies), and existing conflicts between various stakeholders, among other social and ecological factors. More generally, the paper shows how coupled studies of natural and social processes can foster management regimes that are more adaptive and effective and that move toward holistic, ecosystem-based marine conservation in the Pacific Island region.
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Tsiouvalas, Apostolos. "Mare Nullius or Mare Suum? Using Ethnography to Debate Rights to Marine Resources in Coastal Sámi Communities of Troms". Yearbook of Polar Law Online 11, nr 1 (3.04.2020): 245–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_011010013.
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While legal progress on Indigenous land claims has recently been fostered around the globe, sea claims still lag behind. Since the beginning of colonization, the doctrine of mare nullius declared seas vacant of Indigenous tenure or authority and led to the establishment of sovereign State jurisdiction over offshore areas, and more recently to the characterization of the living resources in these waters as accessible for each State’s citizens. In Norway, colonialism was not characterized by transoceanic settlement. The concept of establishing sovereignty in offshore areas attached to the land, however, had the same basis as the European colonies in America or Oceania. In this context, the acknowledgement of the marine living resources in the waters attached to the land as common goods for all Norwegian citizens adversely affected the Coastal Sámi Indigenous peoples, who exclusively and since time immemorial managed the wild marine living resources based on customary systems of marine tenure. Additionally, due to increased regulations over the past few decades, it has become difficult for the Coastal Sámi to continue their traditional way of living. Still, legislation and recommendations on Indigenous participation in marine resource management exist and derive from both Norwegian and international law. However, despite the established legal framework, Coastal Sami participation in marine resource management is often questioned. It has been argued that the most appropriate way to ensure Indigenous inclusion in marine resource management is to look at the reverse side of the coin, exploring Indigenous tenure, legal traditions and knowledge, and accommodate them within State law. This project aims, through ethnographic fieldwork and literature analysis, to discuss the current status of Coastal Sámi fisheries in the communities of Troms County, and illustrate local conceptions of marine resource management among the project participants.
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Mesquita, Domingos, I. Wayan Suarna i Wayan Windia. "STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA PESISIR DAN LAUT BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KOTA ADMINISTRATIF ATAURO KOTA MADYA DILI TIMOR-LESTE". ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 10, nr 2 (1.11.2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2016.v10.i02.p04.
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Coastal and marine resources today are degraded as a result of destructive use and short-term interests. People in the Town of Atauro have their own indigenous traditions of ancestors that are applied in the customary law, known by the locals as Tara Bandu (prohibitions). The objectives of this research are: 1) to find out the potential of coastal and marine resources as well as the extent of their utilization , 2) to determine the values of local wisdom of the coastal communities that have a relationship with the management of coastal and marine resources, 3) to determine the attitudes and behavior of the people as well as components related to management of coastal and marine resources, 4) to obtain management strategies of coastal and marine resources that is based on the local wisdom in the Town of Atauro. This study is a survey research using qualitative descriptive approach combined with SWOT analysis. Data were collected by field observations, interviews, and documentation. While the methods and techniques of data analysis used were qualitative descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The research results showed that the values of local wisdom that have a role in the management of coastal and marine resources are the tradition to install traps (bubur), local wisdom of Tara Bandu (prohibition), local wisdom in the Kampung Maquer to prohibit the capture of some types of slow-moving marine life, tradition of baku tasi and baku lai, the tradition of worshipping wooden statues and the Saint Peter’s festival. In the Village of Biqueli, there is a tradition of the prohibitions on smoking, chewing betel nut, and drinking alcoholic beverages in public places. SWOT analysis concluded that the management of coastal and marine resources in the Administrative Town of Atauro is in quadrant / conservative position, i.e. the position of improvement strategies. The strategies used in the management of coastal and marine resources are, a) preparing the regional spatial layout plan (RTRW) with the concept of one island management strategy so that the development programs do not have a negative impact on coastal and marine resources, b) preparing for annual action plans and allocating funds for the provision of facilities and infrastructure, c) human resource development through formal education, training profession, and comparative studies in the more developed areas, d) conducting a study of environmental impacts of coastal development, e) tradition to install traps and lubuk larangan/customary prohibition needs to be done to maintain the harmony of human relationships with the environment, f) giving education and extension programs for public awareness about the conservation of coastal and marine resources.
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Mustari, Tamar, Sulhan Manaf i La Ode Abdul Munafi. "Pola Pemanfataan Sumberdaya Laut Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pada Masyarakat Wabula, di Kabupaten Buton". Simulacra: Jurnal Sosiologi 2, nr 1 (30.06.2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/sml.v2i1.5521.
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<em>The research describes the patten of utilization of marine resources based on local wisdom in the Wabula community in Buton district. The data were collected by doing interwiews, observation, documentation, and study of literature. Then the data were analyzed descriptively and kualitatively. The results showed that in utilizing marine resources, Wabula community have a local wisdom called kaombo which is protected marine areas by the custom. When a marine area is designated as a kaombo a ban om the explotation of marine resources in the area applies. The prohibition is intended to provide a respite for the continuation of the proliferation of marine biota in kaombo ecosystem. A violation of the prohibition is subject to strict customary law. To preserve the local wisdom of Wabula community in the utilization of marine resources, then through the regulation of Buton Regent Number 13 of 2018, Wabula was designated as an area Customary Law Community in the management of marine resources based om local customary law. The regulation is considered as an ideal model for strengthening local community institutions in conserving marine resources in a sustainable manner.</em>
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Yulianto, Irfan, Budy Wiryawan i A. Mukminin. "TINJAUAN HUKUM DAN KEBIJAKAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI LAUT (KKL) MUKIM IE MEULEE, KOTA SABANG: Suatu Implementasi Pengelolaan Perikanan Tangkap di Pulau Kecil". Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 2, nr 1 (16.02.2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.2.1.9-17.
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The coastal area of Weh Island is divided into sub-districts (lhok) which are managed by traditional leader known as Panglima Laot. The Panglima Laot has the authority to regulate customary laws that aimed to bring social harmony and resolve conflicts concerning the marine resource use. In Anoi Itam and Ie Meulee of the east coast of Weh Island, the communities have high awareness toward the sustainable of the natural resources use, and this has led to the implementation of gear restrictions and no fishing zones regulations as part of their customary laws. These regulations have generated conflict with the other custom community, because the other custom community claimed that these existing customary regulations do not have legal base regulations. Gap analysis and analytical hierarchy process was used to analyze and describe the regulation that can be used as their optional regulation base. The result indicated that the Weh Island custom community had chosen a marine protected area that managed by community through Panglima Laot adopting regulations that recognised by local government. In the process of implementation, the determination area is a key priority (36.92%) followed by the establishment of management institutions (23.92%), financing (21.19%) and surveillance (17.94%).
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Taufik, Taufik, i Lailatussaadah Lailatussaadah. "PERAN PANGLIMA LAOT DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEBERLANJUTAN WISATA BAHARI DI PROVINSI ACEH". ASKETIK 4, nr 2 (3.12.2020): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/ask.v4i2.2461.
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AbstractTourism has become one of the sectors contributing to the country's economic growth. In order for tourism to be sustainable, community participation is needed in its management, one of them is the role of customary institutions. This qualitative study aims to categorizing the types of tourism in Aceh and analyze the roles and obstacles of "Panglima Laot"as a Traditional institution that has the authority regulate maritime affairs in local wisdom in Aceh Province. Data collection techniques such as interviews and documentation studies, in the form of collecting and analyzing from several relevant reports, data, articles and journals. The results showed that tourism in Aceh Province can be categorized as seven types, namely: religious tourism, indigenous and cultural tourism, historical tourism, nature tourism, marine tourism, pilgrimage tourism and culinary tourism. The role of “Panglima Laot” is very important in the sustainability of marine tourism in Aceh Province. Because this institution is a recognized and respected existence by the fishing community to regulate and implement marine customary law and other maritime affairs. However, in carrying out their duties there are various obstacles, including the development of human resource capacity, budget and regional boundaries. Therefore we need support from the government for the strengthening of the “Panglima Laot” Institution in managing marine tourism and maintaining the survival of marine ecosystems in Aceh Province. Keywords: Panglima Laot, customary institutions, Marine Tourism
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Syakur, A., J. T. Wibowo, F. Firmansyah, I. Azam i M. Linkie. "Ensuring local stakeholder support for marine conservation: establishing a locally-managed marine area network in Aceh". Oryx 46, nr 4 (październik 2012): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000166.
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AbstractMultidisciplinary approaches to managing seascapes are increasingly being recognized as best practice and therefore prioritized by conservation agencies. For most coastal areas the strengthening of customary marine tenure, rules and regulations should yield even greater biodiversity and livelihood benefits. Here, we present the conservation planning results from a locally-managed marine area programme initiated by the Government of Aceh, Indonesia, which aimed to empower coastal communities to sustainably and equitably manage marine resources with local government. In 2008 the government established a Marine and Fisheries Task Force to identify priority areas for marine biodiversity (through systematic conservation planning) and coastal communities (through participatory planning). In addition to the existing 264,788 ha of marine management units, systematic planning identified another 53,372 ha. However, the subsequent stakeholder participation phase, involving intensive local consultations, further expanded the locally-managed marine area network by 6,725 ha and to a total of 23 locally-managed marine areas. This combined approach had additional benefits because it generated a strong sense of local ownership. For communities it initiated a process for recognizing their customary claimed areas and resolved overlapping boundaries between neighbouring communities, thereby reducing the likelihood of future conflicts over natural resource use. For government, it provided the basis of a robust governance system, with 34 new or revised decrees being completed and an additional USD 1.6 million being allocated for implementation of locally-managed marine areas. This participatory approach should considerably increase the successful delivery of a sustainable and equitable locally-managed marine area network for Aceh, which has wide application for the South-east Asian region and beyond.
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Setiawan, Adityo, Joshua E. Cinner, Stephen G. Sutton i Ahmad Mukminin. "The Perceived Impact of Customary Marine Resource Management on Household and Community Welfare in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia". Coastal Management 40, nr 3 (maj 2012): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2012.677626.
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Thorburn, Craig C. "Changing Customary Marine Resource Management Practice and Institutions: The Case of Sasi Lola in the Kei Islands, Indonesia". World Development 28, nr 8 (sierpień 2000): 1461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(00)00039-5.
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Prasetyo, Kanyadibya Cendana. "Mencegah “Tragedy of The Commons†Di Teluk Sawai dengan Sasi pada Era Otonomi Daerah". Journal of Governance Innovation 1, nr 1 (18.04.2019): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36636/jogiv.v1i1.294.
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Abstrak
Sejak era otonomi daerah, setiap daerah memiliki kewenangan untuk mengelola dan memanfaatkan sumber daya di daerahnya, termasuk sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan. Adanya otonomi daerah juga berimplikasi pada peran serta masyarakat lokal sesuai dengan adat istiadat yang berlaku, termasuk hak ulayat laut yang dikelola adat (Customary Marine Tenure / CMT). Praktik-praktik CMT yang ada menunjukkan bahwa CMT dapat memberikan solusi terhadap masalah-masalah perikanan, termasuk mencegah munculnya tragedy of the commons yang mengakibatkan hilangnya spesies ikan. Di Kepulauan Maluku dan Papua, salah satu praktik CMT tersebut adalah hukum adat sasi laut yang berisi peraturan dan larangan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya laut. Jika ditinjau lebih dalam, sasi laut dapat menjadi salah satu upaya tata kelola kelautan dan perikanan yang berbasis partisipasi masyarakat lokal dan memiliki prinsip berkelanjutan. Selain itu, pelaksanaan sasi laut juga membutuhkan dukungan dari pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah agar keberadaannya dapat membawa manfaat bagi masyarakat, mendukung keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan dan kelautan, dan menjaga keanekaragaman hayati.
Kata kunci: sasi laut, hak ulayat laut, pengelolaan perikanan, pemerintahan daerah
Abstract
Since the era of regional autonomy, each region has the authority to manage and use the resources in its area, including marine and fisheries resources. The existence of regional autonomy also has implications for the participation of local communities in accordance with prevailing customs, including Customary Marine Tenure (CMT). CMT practices show that CMT can provide solutions to fisheries problems, including preventing the tragedy of the commons that could extinct fish species. In the Maluku Islands and Papua, one of the CMT practices is a customary law called marine sasi which contains rules and prohibitions in utilizing marine resources. Marine sasi is one of the efforts to regulate marine and aquaculture based on the participation of local communities and on the principles of sustainability. In addition, the implementation of marine sasi also requires support from the central government and local governments to be able to provide benefits to the community, support the sustainability of fisheries and marine resources, and support biodiversity.
Keywords: marine sasi, Customary Marine Tenure, fisheries management, local governance
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Indrawasih, Ratna. "REVITALISASI LEMBAGA ADAT PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA LAUT UNTUK MEMBANGUN KEMBALI BUDAYA BAHARI". Kebudayaan 12, nr 1 (16.11.2018): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/jk.v12i1.167.
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AbstractNowadays, the existence of local knowledge is facing the challenge and the threat of relegation, even towards extinction. It’s like local knowledge related to marine resource management in Central Maluku and Buton laden with maritime culture. This article discusses what is happening with the local knowledge in Buton, particularly in the Village Wasuemba, District Wabula, related to the management of marine resources, why the need for revitalization of customary institutions. The data used in the writing of this article is part of the research results Establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) On Coremap program Waterway The Mastered Indigenous Peoples: A Case Study in the village of Wasuemba, Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Research was done with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the local wisdom in the management of natural resources (marine) under threat of extinction caused by the weakening of the role of traditional institutions. Therefore, need to revitalize traditional institutions in order to reaffirm indigenous marine resource management, thereby building back marine culture are endangered. AbstrakSaat ini eksistensi kearifan lokal sedang menghadapi tantangan dan ancaman degradasi, bahkan menuju kepunahan. Hal itu seperti kearifan lokal terkait dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya laut yang ada di Maluku Tengah dan Buton yang sarat dengan budaya bahari. Artikel ini mendiskusikan apa yang terjadi dengan kearifan lokal yang ada di Kabupaten Buton, khususnya di Desa Wasuemba, Kecamatan Wabula, terkait dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya laut, serta mengapa perlunya revitalisasi lembaga adatnya. Data yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini merupakan bagian dari hasil penelitian Pembentukan Daerah Perlindungan Laut (DPL) pada program Coremap di Perairan Yang Dikuasai Adat: Studi Kasus di Desa Wasuemba, Kabupaten Buton, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa orang key informan dan observasi..Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara melalui proses reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam (laut) mengalami ancaman kepunahan yang disebabkan oleh melemahnya peranan lembaga adat. Oleh karena itu. perlu dilakukan revitalisasi lembaga adat agar dapat menguatkan lagi kearifan lokal pengelolaan sumberdaya laut, sehingga terbangun kembali budaya bahari yang terancam punah tersebut.
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Kurniasari, Nendah, Christina Yuliaty i Rismutia Hayu Deswati. "POSISI PRAKTEK PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN BERBASIS HUKUM ADAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM NASIONAL". Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 6, nr 2 (3.12.2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v6i2.3324.
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Masyarakat hukum adat masih belum terlihat eksistensinya meskipun pemerintah telah mengeluarkan berbagai perundang-undangan terkait pengakuan terhadap keberadaan masyarakat hukum adat. Tulisan ini bertujuan memberikan penjelasan sejauhmana posisi praktek pengelolaan sumberdaya kelautan dan Perikanan berbasis hukum adat dari perspektif perundang-undangan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pengakuan tersebut merupakan pengakuan bersyarat, dimana persyaratan seringkali tidak konsisten antar satu perundang-undangan dengan perundang-undangan lainnya. Dari perspektif Undang-Undang No 27 Tahun 2007 jo UU No 1 Tahun 2014, terdapat beberapa ketidakselarasan antara praktek pengelolaan SDKP berbasis hukum adat dengan UU tersebut, diantaranya adalah 1) posisi peran masyarakat yang setara dengan dunia usaha, 2) persyaratan dalam pemberian hak istimewa kepada masyarakat hukum adat dalam mengelola sumberdaya KP tidak terjabar secara jelas, 3) mekanisme legalisasi hukum adat jelas baik dari pengertian masyarakat hukum adat sendiri maupun lembaga yang melakukan legalisasi dan verifikasi, dan 4) belum adanya peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur wilayah pemanfaatan dari setiap masyarakat adat. Oleh karenanya perlu ditentukan proporsi keterlibatan pemerintahan daerah, masyarakat dan dunia usaha, perlu menentukan ormas mana yang dapat mejadi wadah aspirasi masyarakat sesuai dengan Permen No 40/2014, perlu penjelasan makna “kepentingan nasional” yang menjadi prasyarat diberikannya hak pengelolaan SDKP kepada masyarakat adat, perlu ditentukan lembaga verifikator masyarakat hukum adat, perlu peraturan daerah yang mengatur batas wilayah pada setiap kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat, dan perlu membuat trace bundle mengenai sejarah dan tata hukum adat.Title: The Position Of Marine And Fisheries Resources Management Practices Based On Adat Law In National Law PerspectiveCustomary law community has not shown its existence, though the government has enacted several legislations concerning the recognition of the community. This paper aims to provide an explanation regarding the position of marine and fisheries resources management practices based on customary law in national law perspective. The study used a qualitative descriptive analysis and content analysis.The results showed that the recognition is a conditional one and it is inconsistent among laws. There are several contradictions between practices and Law number 27/2007 juncto Law Number 1/2014. They are 1) posistion of the community role is equivalent to business world, 2) requirements in granting privileges to the customary law community in terms of marine and fisheries resources management are not clearly defined, 3) legalization mechanism of customary law is clearly explained, both customary law community definition and institutions which perform legalization and verification, and 4) the absence of legislation governing the use of the territory of each of indigenous communities. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the proportion of local government, community, and business world involvement. It is also important to determine the community organizations which may be an an inspiration of the community in accordance with Ministerial Regulation Number 40/2014. Besides that, it needs an explanation of the meaning of “national interest” which is a prerequisite to indigenous communities in order to have marine and fisheries resources management rights. Furthermore, it is important to determine the customary law community verifier institutions. Other than that, setting regional regulations governing borders of each customary law community territory is needed. Last, creating a trace bundle concerning history and customary law system is also necessary.
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Techera, Erika J. "Enhancing legal frameworks for biodiversity conservation in the Pacific". Pacific Conservation Biology 21, nr 1 (2015): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14906.
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The Pacific region is a biodiversity hot spot with a long history of human occupation closely linked with sustainable use of the marine environment. The health of the marine environment and its resources is of environmental, economic and socio-cultural concern, and law plays an important part in its conservation and management. Designing appropriate legal mechanisms is, however, a challenging prospect. The Pacific Island countries involve a complex environment for law and policy-makers. As a result of their colonial past, these nations are legally pluralist, with more than one legal system operating at the same time. In addition, Pacific Island countries have embraced international law, ratifying the majority of key environmental treaties and subsequently taking steps to implement their obligations, including those related to biodiversity conservation. This complicated legal landscape means that law and policy must be adopted that implements international treaties whilst also meeting the needs of local communities. A particular feature of the Pacific region is the widespread adoption of community-based marine management approaches. Their proliferation is due to a combination of underlying customary law, which has subsisted despite colonial rule, together with a willingness by governments to support local approaches. This article examines community-based marine management through a legal lens; it commences by outlining traditional rules for marine management before exploring the contemporary legal position with a focus on the hybridisation of state-based legislation and customary law. Finally, comments are made on the effectiveness of these legal approaches, as well as remaining challenges.
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Monteiro, Josef M., i Jimmy Pello. "LOCAL WISDOM FUNCTIONALIZATION FOR REGIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT". Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 17, nr 1 (2.05.2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2017.17.1.618.
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Law enforcement for fisheries management violations in East Flores, East Nusa Tenggara province has not been effectively implemented. It is proven in recent years, violation’s cases of fisheries management is significantly high. This study examines how local wisdom values of indigenous society overcome the ineffective law enforcement for fisheries management violations. This paper employs normative juridical approach and was carried out by identifying and collecting customary law principles which govern fishermen’s attitude. The results show that law enforcement has not been effectively implemented to solve fisheries management violations in terms of the structure, substance and culture of law. To overcome this, it requires functionalization of local wisdom values that have been proven to alleviate marine resources damage by fishermen. Functionalization of local wisdom values is conducted by establishing a partnership between law enforcement and traditional authorities to institutionalize and integrate values system, cultural traditions, and customary penalty to have formal mechanisms of law enforcement.Keywords: local wisdom, law enforcement, fisheries
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Scovazzi, Tullio. "Marine Protected Areas on the High Seas: Some Legal and Policy Considerations". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 19, nr 1 (2004): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180804773788646.
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AbstractThe 2003 meeting of the United Nations Open-Ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea made a call to explore a range of tools for the protection and management of vulnerable and threatened marine ecosystems and biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. To achieve this aim, the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) on the high seas not only fully complies with customary international law, but is also the subject-matter of specific obligations arising under a number of treaties (starting from UNCLOS Art. 194, para. 5). Today the time-honoured concept of freedom of the sea is to be understood in the context of the present range of marine activities and in relation to all the potentially conflicting uses and interests, such as the protection of the marine environment and the sound exploitation of marine living resources. The 1995 Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean is an interesting precedent on the issue of MPAs on the high seas.
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Kartini, Fitriah. "The Effectiveness of Awig-Awig as A Strategy to Protect DMCA Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang". Jurnal Ilmiah Tata Sejuta STIA Mataram 5, nr 1 (7.04.2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32666/tatasejuta.v5i1.52.
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This study was carried out in the District Marine Conservation Area (DMCA) of Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang, East Lombok. DMCA of Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang have established by Co-Fish Project of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Ministry of Indonesia in 2004 as part of participative management sustainability to coastal resources. The aim of establishing DMCA is to decrease destructive fishing activities such as bombing and poisoning that has been practices for long time. In this study, data were collected through semi structure questionnaires, personal interview, participant observation, document reviews, and life history. Discussions were held with the fishermen in Sugian Village, fisheries management committee of DMCA, local communities who living in Sugian Village and government in village, local and regional level. In order to analyze the findings, an analyzing of legal and institutional arrangements is used combining with the theories of legal pluralism and property rights. The study revealed that there are two laws coexist in DMCA as state laws and customary laws called awig-awig. State laws are covered legal status of DMCA as property of state where local government has authority to manage it. Meanwhile, customary laws are more to control people behaviors towards DMCA. Moreover, a fisheries management committee (KPPL) has formed by government to enforce day-to-day awig-awig practices towards DMCA and has its authority to invoke sanctions for rule breaking. Because of this, several problems arose in Sugian Village concerning to DMCA. This required better management of coastal resources where planning should be come from and involve grass root level. Finally, the study revealed that management of DMCA should be reinforced to all parties particularly on communities’ level, so that the problem foci can be clear for all.
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Aris, Muhammad, Achmad Fahrudin, Etty Riani i Efin Muttaqin. "ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PENGELOLAAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM LAUT (TWAL) PULAU WEH BERDASARKAN HUKOM ADAT LAOT (Sustainability Analysis of the Marine Recreational Park (MRP) Management in Weh Island Based on Local Customary Law of the Sea (Hukom Adat Laot)". Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan 25, nr 1 (11.09.2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jml.23065.
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AbstrakTaman Wisata Alam Laut (TWAL) Pulau Weh merupakan kawasan konservasi yang dikelola oleh Badan Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (BKSDA) Banda Aceh. TWA Laut Pulau Weh terletak di Desa Iboih dan masuk ke dalam Wilayah Hukom Adat Panglima Laot Lhok Iboih. Keberadaan Hukom Adat Laot memberikan dampak secara ekologi, sosial ekonomi, dan tata kelola TWA Laut Pulau Weh. Selain itu, sistem pengelolaan berdasarkan hukum adat dapat dijadikan rujukan dalam menyusun kebijakan atau strategi pengeloaan TWA Laut Pulau Weh ke depan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung dan mengestimasi tingkat keberlanjutan pengelolaan TWA Laut Pulau Weh berdasarkan Hukom Adat Laot Lhok Iboih. Metode yang digunakan adalah multi dimensional scalling (MDS) berdasarkan tiga dimensi yaitu ekologi, sosial ekonomi dan tata kelola. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dimensi tata kelola dan sosial ekonomi berada pada kategori cukup keberlanjutan dengan indeks 59,98 dan 56,75, sedangkan dimensi ekologi berada pada kategori kurang berkelanjutan dengan indeks 46,94. Indeks dan status keberlanjutan menunjukkan bahwa, sistem pengelolaan berdasarkan Hukom Adat Laot Lhok Iboih pada dimensi tata kelola dan sosial ekonomi cukup memberikan dampak terhadap keberlanjutan pengelolaan TWA Laut Pulau Weh.AbstractMarine Recreational Park (MRP) Weh Island is a conservation area managed by Natural Resources Conservation Agency Banda Aceh. The MRP is located at Iboih village and it is also inside the area of local customary Law of the Sea Lhok Iboih. The existence of customary Law of the Sea affects the management of MRP in terms of ecology and social economy. Apart from that, the local customary management system could be used as a reference in finalizing the policy and strategy of the management of MRP Weh Island in the future. The purpose of this research is to calculate and to estimate the sustainability level of the MRP Weh Island management based on customary Law of the Sea Lhok Iboih. The method used is multi dimensional scaling (MDS) that is based on 3 dimensions i.e. ecology, social economy, and management. The analysis result indicates that the dimension of management and social economy are arguably sustainable with index 59.98 and 56.75, while the dimension of ecology falls into less sustainable level with index 46.94. The index and sustainability status indicate that the management system based on customary Law of the Sea Lhok Iboih specifically on the dimension of management and social economy influence the sustainability of MRP Weh Island management.
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Ong, David M. "Joint Development of Common Offshore oil and Gas Deposits: “Mere” State Practice or Customary International Law?" American Journal of International Law 93, nr 4 (październik 1999): 771–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555344.
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The entry into force of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea1 and its widespread ratification2 have renewed interest in the remaining gaps and ambiguities in its provisions on the control of shared marine resources. The discussion has recently focused on die regulation of common or transboundary fishing stocks3 and migratory species,4 a problem that was considered serious enough to merit the adoption of another multilateral convention. The 1995 Agreement on the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks5 was designed to resolve the increasing number of disputes on this issue.6
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Mooney, Henry N., Miguel A. Cárdenas Jr i Miguel A. Cárdenas. "An assessment of the roles of tenure and inclusion in conflict mediation at Cabo Pulmo National Park, Mexico". International Journal of Development Issues 20, nr 3 (16.06.2021): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-12-2020-0268.
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Purpose This study aims to unify phenomena in academic and grey literature into a theory of marine spatial disappropriation based on geopolitical relationships. It is argued that conflict over marine space arises as a result of top-down sovereign control of marine resources, and that the recognition of marine tenure and greater inclusivity in marine development* decision-making would lessen conflict between users, such as artisanal fishermen and ecotourism businesses. Design/methodology/approach A preliminary literature review was conducted, followed by a research study at Cabo Pulmo National Park (CPNP) in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Findings The results demonstrate that though CPNP's tenure structure is unique and inclusivity is an element of its management, the degree to which it is practiced is not sufficient to eliminate the chance of eventual disappropriation and ensuing conflict. Practical implications The results of this assessment can be used to strengthen the argument in favour of developing stronger requirements for deliberative democratic decision-making in marine delineation, as well as bolder social performance standards in marine development industries. Originality/value Research on socio-environmental revolutions are not new, but the authors contest that they are not alone a sufficient condition for achieving reduced conflict long-term. Instead, the originality of this research lies in its exploration of the importance of customary and formal tenure over marine resources, and its suggestion that this on the whole reduces conflict between exclusive and competing interests. One popular alternative, as demonstrated in numerous cases around the globe, can often be the marginalization of small-scale ocean users through the forceful appropriation of ocean resources.
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Bellamy, Andrew G. "The UK marine sand and gravel dredging industry: an application of Quaternary geology". Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 13, nr 1 (1998): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1998.013.01.03.
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AbstractMarine sands and gravels currently contribute 24% (over 20 million tonnes/year) of the total sand and gravel aggregate consumption of Great Britain. To maintain or increase this contribution into the future, the identification, assessment and licensing of additional sand and gravel resource areas is of fundamental importance. Research into the Quaternary history of the continental shelf surrounding the UK assists in the prediction of sand and gravel resource locations. Similarly, resource assessment is significantly improved through an understanding of the origin and formation of these Quaternary deposits.Geological considerations also feature strongly in the management of existing dredging licence areas and in the acquisition of future licences from the Crown Estate. Precise resource assessment, coupled with accurate dredger positioning and track recording systems, minimizes the extent of dredged sea bed, thereby limiting environmental impact and improving the consistency of dredged cargoes. Also important is the need to overcome marine aggregate prejudice which arises from the perception by some customers that marine dredged sands and gravels differ markedly from those obtained onshore. Central to this issue is the argument that some of the most substantial marine deposits originated in subaerial environments at similar times and by the same processes as their present-day terrestrial equivalents, having been deposited in Quaternary cold climate fluvial environments.
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Berkes, Fikret. "Fishermen and ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’". Environmental Conservation 12, nr 3 (1985): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015939.
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Fish populations are classical examples of commonproperty resources and tend to decline over time. According to the conventional wisdom, they decline through a process popularly known as ‘the tragedy of the commons’, whereby selfish users are locked into a deterministic mechanism in which they are both the villains and the victims. However, the commons paradigm is not the model of reality for all fisheries. There are many sustainable fisheries, and detailed studies of some of them indicate that they do not fit the commons paradigm because there are factors which violate some of the hidden assumptions of the commons paradigm.In many community-based and small-scale fisheries, there are unwritten regulations or customary laws that prevent individuals from maximizing their private gains at the expense of community interests. Far from being owned by no one and freely open to any user, many of the fish stocks of the world are under claims of ownership by communities of fishermen who exercise use-rights and who control access to the resource. As seen in examples from Oceania and North America's west coast, open-access and common property conditions were created, and the ‘tragedy’ started only after the destruction of such traditional marine tenure systems.
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Munar, Zaitun, Agussabti Agussabti i Irwan A. Kadir. "Peranan Panglima Laot Lhok Dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Laut Berbasis Adat Di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar". Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 3, nr 4 (1.11.2018): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i4.8726.
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Abstrak. Panglima Laot lhok adalah pemimpin nelayan yang secara hukum adat laut (hukum adat laot) bertugas mengkoordinasikan satu atau lebih wilayah operasional nelayan, dan minimal satu pemukiman nelayan. Panglima Laot lhok mempunyai fungsi untuk mengatur pengaturan penangkapan ikan dan mempunyai kewenangan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa, perselisihan dan pelanggaran yang terjadi diantara nelayan dan memberikan sanksi kepada si pelanggar sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum adat laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting panglima laot lhok, untuk mengetahui peranan panglima laot lhok dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya laut berbasis adat dan mengidentifikasi faktor –faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi nelayan terhadap peran panglima laot lhok. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Kecamatan Masjid raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar . Jumlah sample ditentukan secara purposive sampling yaitu 40 sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Skala Likert, deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa keradaan Panglima Laot Di Kecamatan Masjid Raya masih aktif, dapat kita lihat hukum adat masih dijalani oleh para nelayan. Peranan panglima laot lhok di kecamatan masjid raya berada pada kategori berperan . Faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi nelayan terhadap peran Panglima Laot Lhok yaitu variabel Kapasitas panglima laot lhok (X1), kepribadian (X2), hubungan sosial (X4) dan lingkungan (X5), secara simultan semua faktor-faktor tersebut mempengaruhi peran panglima laot lhok.The Role Of Panglima Laot Lhok In The Management Marine Resources Based On Custom In Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh BesarAbstract. Panglima Laot lhok is a fisherman leader who is legally marine (laot customary law) in charge of coordinating one or more fishermen's operational areas, and at least one fisherman's settlement. Panglima Laot lhok has a function to regulate fishing arrangements and has the authority to resolve disputes, disputes and violations that occur between fishermen and sanction the offenders in accordance with the provisions of customary law of the sea. This study aims to determine the existing condition of commander laot lhok, to know the role of commander laot lhok in the management of marine resources based on adat and identify factors influencing perception of fisherman to role of commander of laot lhok. The research location is in kecamatan Masjid raya kabupaten Aceh Besar. The number of samples is determined by purposive sampling that is 40 samples. This research uses Likert Scale method, descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. The results obtained that the presence of Panglima Laot In kecamatan Masjid Raya is still active, we can see the customary law is still undertaken by the fishermen. The role of commander of laot lhok in sub-district of mosque is in the role category. Factors influencing the perception of fishermen on the role Panglima Laot Lhok are the variables Capacity panglima laot lhok (X1), personality (X2), social relations (X4) and environment (X5), simultaneously all these factors affect the role of panglima laot lhok.
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Mokashi, Amit J., Austin Becker i James J. Corbett. "America’s Marine Highway stakeholders: a system-scale analysis of influence in decision making". WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 19, nr 3 (24.07.2020): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-020-00212-0.
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Abstract This work surveys stakeholders of America’s Marine Highway to identify their perceived influence on each other’s resource allocation decision making. The value/criticality of the resource held by the stakeholder group can be indirectly measured by the influence exerted by the group on its peers and its external stakeholders. The stakeholder map visualizes how the various stakeholder groups influence each other. Survey of the US Marine Highway stakeholders reveals peers as the most dominant influence among shippers, environmental advocates, and regulators. Results suggest that only suppliers and transportation providers exhibit distinct dominance of customer-supplier influence over that of their peers. This snapshot of stakeholder relationships is a powerful tool for both businesses as well as regulators in their pursuit of shared objectives in a network-centric environment. Stakeholder relationship influence results, and their graphical illustration, contribute to understanding the underlying dynamics of a changing value advantage in the current and coming decades of shipping.
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Farran, Sue. "Sand, Fish and Sea: A Legal Reflection on Islands—From Orkney to Vanuatu". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 21, nr 4 (2006): 389–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180806779441084.
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AbstractIt might be thought that the Orkney and Shetland Islands to the north of Scotland have little in common with the tropical islands in the South Pacific region. This article demonstrates that islands across time and space can share many similar concerns by reflecting on a number of legal issues which either have been or are pertinent to islands in both hemispheres, taking into account the role and relevance of customary or traditional law, the influence of introduced or colonial law, and the legal consequences of political domination of one group by another. In particular the article looks at the challenges presented where there is more than one system of law or set of rules applicable to questions of ownership of the sea, the seashore and fishing, and the consequences this can have for management and control of marine resources.
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Fleming, Ann E., Lisa Petheram i Natasha Stacey. "Australian indigenous women’s seafood harvesting practices and prospects for integrating aquaculture". Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, nr 2 (11.05.2015): 156–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-08-2014-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore Australian Indigenous women’s customary use of marine resources and views on aquaculture as a development opportunity. The value participants placed on economic, social and cultural outcomes were explored, as were benefit sharing, governance and business considerations. Design/methodology/approach – Using a form of action research, workshops were conducted with a focus group of Indigenous women and interviews with men and women living on a remote island off northern Australia. Multimedia materials and a game were used to elicit a deeper understanding and facilitate discussion. Findings – Women preferred aquaculture options respectful of culture and accommodating cultural and family obligations, that engage young adults in meaningful work, improve access to sea country and provide local foods and support economic development. Participants placed significant dependence on their governance body to support businesses and expressed disparate views on profit sharing. Women continue to engage in customary harvesting and fishing but various limitations impact on this. Research limitations/implications – Conclusions based on one case study need to be confirmed in other communities. Future research should include a broader representation of youth and strategies to improve people’s understanding of aquaculture operations and business management. Social implications – This research improves our understanding of Indigenous women’s preferred economic development pathways and their advocacy role within the community. These findings are relevant for policy-makers, businesses, other Indigenous communities and researchers. Originality/value – This paper seeks to recognise and integrate Indigenous women’s economic and cultural aspirations within development policy. Such a place-based, gender-based consultative process is generally lacking in the Australian Indigenous policy arena.
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Tsou, Ming-Cheng. "Discovering Knowledge from AIS Database for Application in VTS". Journal of Navigation 63, nr 3 (28.05.2010): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463310000135.
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The widespread use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has had a significant impact on maritime technology. AIS enables the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) not only to offer commonly known functions such as identification, tracking and monitoring of vessels, but also to provide rich real-time information that is useful for marine traffic investigation, statistical analysis and theoretical research. However, due to the rapid accumulation of AIS observation data, the VTS platform is often unable quickly and effectively to absorb and analyze it. Traditional observation and analysis methods are becoming less suitable for the modern AIS generation of VTS. In view of this, we applied the same data mining technique used for business intelligence discovery (in Customer Relation Management (CRM) business marketing) to the analysis of AIS observation data. This recasts the marine traffic problem as a business-marketing problem and integrates technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), database management systems, data warehousing and data mining to facilitate the discovery of hidden and valuable information in a huge amount of observation data. Consequently, this provides the marine traffic managers with a useful strategic planning resource.
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Tawari, Ruslan Husen Saban, J. B. Paillin, Haruna Haruna, Stany Siahainenia, Selfi Sangadji i Abdul Angkotasan. "TRADISI DAN KELEMBAGAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA PESISIR DAN LAUT DI KOTA TIDORE KEPULAUAN PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA". TRITON: Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan 16, nr 1 (30.04.2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tritonvol16issue1page19-27.
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Increasing of global awareness related to environmental management, ecosystems, and fisheries resources is a trigger in the reactualization of community traditions and institutions. People of Tidore Islands City, known as indigenous people with their coastal and marine institutional traditions in North Maluku Province, have a local order handed down in the utilization of the coastal and marine resources. This study aimed to analyze the existence of traditions and institutions and their effects on managing coastal and marine resources in the City of Tidore Islands. The research was conducted on June-August 2019 in the city of Tidore Islands. This research encompass 4 Subdistrict and 2 villages namely, Tomalou, Mareku, Soasio and Dowora Subdistrict as well as Mare Gam and Maitara village,. The research applied a qualitative method, which involves in-depth interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Data were analysed using a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that there are five local wisdoms that are maintained by the people of Tidore Islands City nowadays. These local wisdom is a legacy from the ancestors in the management of coastal and marine resources, namely Karo Kahiya (Calling the Dolphins), Fola Sow (Lit. House of Medicine), Jere (Sacred), Cofa (Fish breeding) and Saihu (Leader/Fishing Master). The approach to management of coastal and marine resources with procedures or traditions and institutions contributed a significant impact (very effective) on local communities in relation to the sustainable use of coastal and marine resources. as well as the preservation of local traditions and customary institutions.
ABSTRAK
Meningkatnya kesadaran global terkait pengelolaan lingkungan, ekosistem dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan menjadi pemicu dalam reaktualisasi tradisi dan kelembagaan masyarakat. Masyarakat Kota Tidore Kepulauan yang dikenal sebagai masyarakat adat dengan tradisi kelembagaan pesisir dan lautnya di Provinsi Maluku Utara, merupakan masyarakat yang memiliki tatanan lokal yang turun temurun dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut dimaksud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganlisis eksistensi tradisi dan kelembagaan serta pengaruhnya terhadap pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut di Kota Tidore Kepulauan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Juni- Agustus 2019, di Kota Tidore Kepulauan meliputi 2 desa dan 4 kelurahan yakni, Desa Mare Gam, Desa Maitara, Kelurahan Tomalou dan Kelurahan Mareku, Kelurahan Soasio dan kelurahan Dowora. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, yang melibatkan teknik-teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan sampai saat ini masih terdapat lima kearifan lokal yang tetap terjaga oleh masyarakat Kota Tidore Kepulauan yang merupakan warisan dari para leluhur dalam pengelolaan sumbedaya pesisir dan laut, yakni Karo Kahiya (Memanggil Lumba Lumba), Fola Sow (Rumah Obat), Jere (Keramat), Cofa (Penangkaran Ikan) dan Saihu (Pemimpin/Nakoda dalam Operasi Penangkapan Ikan). Pendekatan pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan dengan tradisi dan kelembagaan telah memberikan dampak yang sangat signifikan (sangat efektif) bagi masyarakat setempat dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan yang berkelanjutan maupun pelestarian tradisi dan kelembagaan adat istiadat setempat.
Kata Kunci: Tradisi, kelembagaan, pengelolaan, sumberdaya, Tidore
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Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja. "The European Community, the European Court of Justice and the Law of the Sea". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 23, nr 4 (2008): 643–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180808x353894.
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AbstractThe European Community has gradually increased its focus on marine and maritime affairs, starting with the Community's Fishery Policy in the 1970s and culminating recently in the 2007 Blue Book on an Integrated Maritime Policy of the European Union. The Community's increased clout over marine and maritime matters has been reflected also in the case law of the European Court of Justice. From the outset the Court has given great impetus to the Community's efforts to assert its external competence in matters related to fisheries and conservation of biological resources of the sea. Even so, the Court has thus far only occasionally been confronted with public international law questions pertaining to the law of the sea. However, the few cases in which the Court has addressed such issues are worthy of note. For example, the Court has ruled on whether Member States should be allowed to rely on the international law of the sea in order to derogate from obligations under Community law; whether Member States should be allowed to prefer the dispute settlement provisions set out in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over the Community's own dispute settlement system; and on whether private parties may invoke arguments derived from the customary or conventional international law of the sea to challenge the validity of Community legislation pertaining to marine and maritime matters. The resulting judgments of the European Court of Justice have often turned out to be landmark cases, although some of them have tended to divide academic opinion.
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de Moor, Carryn L., Douglas S. Butterworth i José A. A. De Oliveira. "Is the management procedure approach equipped to handle short-lived pelagic species with their boom and bust dynamics? The case of the South African fishery for sardine and anchovy". ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, nr 10 (1.11.2011): 2075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr165.
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Abstract de Moor, C. L., Butterworth, D. S., and De Oliveira, J. A. A. 2011. Is the management procedure approach equipped to handle short-lived pelagic species with their boom and bust dynamics? The case of the South African fishery for sardine and anchovy. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2075–2085. Worldwide, small shoaling pelagic fish manifest rapid and substantial natural changes in abundance. Is the application of a management procedure (MP), evaluated using simulation tests [i.e. a MP approach otherwise known as management strategy evaluation (MSE)], to recommend total allowable catches (TACs) with constraints desired by industry on the extent of interannual changes viable for such resources, particularly given the customarily lengthy MP evaluation process? This question is examined by considering the rapid boom and then bust situation that arose for the South African fishery for sardine (Sardinops sagax) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) across the turn of the century. Novel adaptations to the MP in place at the time of the boom allowed enhanced resource use during the boom period without compromising the risk of unintended depletion of the populations. Importantly a two-tier threshold system allowed the normal constraints on the maximum extent of interannual TAC reduction to be modified when TACs rose above the specified thresholds. The general protocol underlying the application of MPs for South African fisheries proved sufficiently flexible for the approach to continue to be applied, despite the unanticipated rapid fish population boom and then bust experienced.
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Ip-Soo-Ching, Jean Marie, Suzanne Zyngier i Tahmid Nayeem. "Ecotourism and environmental sustainability knowledge: An open knowledge sharing approach among stakeholders". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 35, nr 01 (19.12.2018): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2018.45.
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AbstractThe discipline of knowledge management (KM) considers knowledge as potentially the most valuable organisational asset that must be shared among staff and stakeholders and even communities in order to yield considerable returns and benefits. However, in a real-world context, managers in industries such as high technology, manufacturing and finance jealously guard their valuable knowledge and prevent other entities from gaining access to this resource. Open cases of knowledge sharing among stakeholders such as staff, customers, business partners, competitors and the public are rare. Therefore, the philosophical premise of KM — knowledge must be openly shared — is often unrealised. Knowledge of environmental sustainability is a valuable resource for ecotourism operators because they operate in natural environments such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and Sipadan Marine Park in Malaysia, and depend on the quality of these environments for their ongoing success. This research provides evidence that knowledge dissemination in the form of environmental sustainability knowledge can be openly shared among staff, customers, competitors and the public, thereby linking KM and environmental education. This article provides an interpretivist analysis of knowledge sharing by innovative ecotourism operators in Australia and South East Asia (Malaysia and Thailand). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 executives, field observations and analysis of company documents. Results from this research found that ecotourism managers are passionate believers of environmental sustainability and benevolently share their valuable organisational knowledge and beliefs with all stakeholders.
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Arbon, M., i M. Ireland. "Water recycling: a major new initiative for Melbourne - crucial for a sustainable future". Water Science and Technology 47, nr 7-8 (1.04.2003): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0671.
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Melbourne Water has adopted a challenging target of recycling 20 per cent of treated effluent from Melbourne's two major sewerage treatment plants by 2010. This target was adopted in response to key drivers for water recycling in the Melbourne region such as: strong support for conserving water resources and protecting marine environments; acknowledgment of recycled water as a valuable resource; greater emphasis on environmental issues and sustainable management principles; and opportunities to increase demand for recycled water through effective planning mechanisms. Issues that must be effectively addressed to meet the target include: managing public perceptions of recycled water; health and environmental concerns; lack of consensus among government agencies; high up-front costs of infrastructure; and prices of other sources of water supply not currently true costed. Melbourne Water has identified the following factors as critical in determining the success of recycling strategy: ability to demonstrate that water recycling will be important in terms of long term water cycle management; effective stakeholder consultation; gaining government support; establishing long-term, guaranteed markets for recycled water; implementing well planned, large scale recycling schemes; ability to provide a product that meets customer needs; regulatory approval; and implementation of a system that is economically viable. Water recycling initiatives are being investigated on household, local and regional levels. Over 10 proposals that will contribute to the 20 per cent recycled water target from the regional treatment plants are under various stages of development. Melbourne Water's commitment to recycling within a total water cycle management context is a vital component of this major new initiative for Melbourne and is crucial for a sustainable future.
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Cinner, Joshua E., i Shankar Aswani. "Integrating customary management into marine conservation". Biological Conservation 140, nr 3-4 (grudzień 2007): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.008.
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Friedlander, Alan M., Janna M. Shackeroff i John N. Kittinger. "Customary Marine Resource Knowledge and use in Contemporary Hawai‘i". Pacific Science 67, nr 3 (lipiec 2013): 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/67.3.10.
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Feris, Loretta. "A Customary Right to Fish when Fish are Sparse: Managing Conflicting Claims between Customary Rights and Environmental Rights". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, nr 5 (17.05.2017): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i5a2448.
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This contribution considers the potential conflicts that may arise between customary rights and environmental rights in the face of dwindling marine resources. It sets the scene by reflecting on some of the common themes present in indigenous claims to marine resource by communities who were subjected to colonisation. In doing so it analyses the South African judgment, S v Gongqose Case No. E382/10 (unreported), which alluded to the existence of a customary right to fishing, a concept that has until now remained unexplored in South African law. This discussion is followed by a brief overview of the rapidly declining state of marine resources, worldwide and in South Africa. The note then considers the relationship between customary law and marine resources and some of the challenges in meeting rights-based customary claims to marine resources against the need to conserve a dwindling resource. It concludes by offering possibilities for reconciliation.
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Osei-Tutu, P., L. K. Brobbey i F. K. Agyei. "Customary authorities and decentralized natural resource management: A review". Geoforum 125 (październik 2021): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.03.016.
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Ornitz, Barbara E. "SUSTAINABLE SHIPPING: THE BENEFITS OF THE “SAFETY CULTURE” FAR OUTWEIGH THE COSTS". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, nr 2 (1.03.2001): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-839.
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ABSTRACT An important challenge for the maritime industry is whether those involved in the transport of oil will embrace the concept that the “safety culture,” which includes protection of the environment, is “good business.” Ship owners/operators and others in the maritime business will adopt the safety culture when they believe in a “continuous and never-ending improvement process as a means to promote productivity and profitability.” Sustainable shipping requires the prevention of costly accidents and activation of “best response,” thus reducing environmental impacts if oil spills happen. Proactive safety management, creation of a quality system with accountability in each link, training of qualified mariners, and using the appropriate response technologies are examples of policy considerations needed to implement this culture. These policy goals should replace short-term thinking of profit maximization and crisis reaction. Safety saves dollars. Oil spills result in tangible, direct losses of life; injuries; and damage to the environment, cargo, and vessel. Direct costs measure only part of the total. Indirect and hidden costs are harder to quantify. They include, for example, reduced worker morale and productivity, eroding customer base, and in this litigious age, Natural Resource Damage Assessments (NRDAs), economic loss claims, increased insurance costs, fines, imprisonment of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and loss to the corporation for their services, public notoriety, lost opportunity, and many other similar losses. The indirect and hidden costs equate to an increase in direct costs, using a conservative multiplier of 2.7 to 1. Estimates of the total cost of all categories for all vessels involved in marine incidents annually are between $581 million to $1 billion. (Conversely, high quality safety management yields cost savings annually for industry of between $500 million and $1 billion, or an average for individual companies of $200,000). True cost accounting (measuring all costs—external, internal, hidden) translates to a better bottom line.
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Bigford, Thomas E. "Regional Approaches to Marine Resource Management". Fisheries 42, nr 10 (3.10.2017): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2017.1358559.
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Touwe, Sem. "Local Wisdom Values of Maritime Community in Preserving Marine Resources in Indonesia". Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 4, nr 2 (23.12.2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i2.4812.
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This study identifies and describes the local wisdom carried out by the coastal communities, especially the people of North Seram, Maluku in preserving the island and marine environment as well as the customary institutions in determining and guarding local wisdom of coastal communities to manage marine resources. The marine resource is started to weaken along with the development of modern technology. This paper provides contemporary phenomena regarding the weakness of customary laws and traditional institutions that regulate marine resources, including social values in the form of rituals, representing the relationship between humans and their environment. The protection of marine resources around them will be an important discussion to see the role of government and society in preserving marine and coastal resources. This study used a qualitative approach to produce descriptive explanations from reports, book reviews, and documents that describe theories and information of both past and present. The result is that the local wisdom maintained as superior cultural practices that are beneficial to human survival, especially in maintaining the sustainability and balance between humans and living objects.
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Freestone, David. "Marine Resource Law". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 24, nr 4 (2009): 747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092735209x12499043518421.
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HEEN, KNUT. "Impact Analysis of Multispecies Marine Resource Management". Marine Resource Economics 6, nr 4 (styczeń 1989): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/mre.6.4.42628826.
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Wang, Stanley D. H., i Bing-yi Zhan. "Marine fishery resource management in PR China". Marine Policy 16, nr 3 (maj 1992): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(92)90081-y.
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Levine, Arielle Sarah, Laurie Richmond i David Lopez-Carr. "Marine resource management: Culture, livelihoods, and governance". Applied Geography 59 (maj 2015): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.01.016.
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Long, Emily. "Marine Protected Areas in Fiji: a critical assessment of ‘Community Fisheries Management and Development Plans’ as a mechanism for formalising customary MPAs, in particular LMMAs". Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 21, nr 2 (listopad 2018): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2018.02.01.
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Fiji's National Government has committed to using Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to protect its marine environment. As Fiji is in the process of reforming its marine law, now is an opportune time to develop statutory mechanisms for establishing and regulating MPAs. This article considers the regulation of MPAs in Fiji's coastal waters—where the intersection of statutory and customary law poses particular challenges. ‘Customary MPAs’ already exist in Fiji's coastal environments, taking the form of tabu areas and ‘Locally Managed Marine Areas’ (LMMAs). Both of these are important mechanisms that any new statutory framework should incorporate and strengthen. In 2010, the draft Inshore Fisheries Decree (draft Inshore Decree) was prepared. Although the draft Inshore Decree appears to have stalled, it may yet be progressed to a final bill. Alternatively, some of the measures in it may be incorporated into another law. This article assesses one mechanism in the draft Inshore Decree that could be used to formalize customary MPAs—Community Fisheries Management and Development Plans (CFMDPs). It finds that CFMDPs demonstrate a number of strengths, in particular by supporting legal recognition of existing marine management measures. However, there are also weaknesses. Nevertheless, with refinement CFMDPs may be a useful tool for regulating Fiji's coastal MPAs.
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Murdiati, Caritas Woro. "The Role of Customary Knowledge in Contemporary Forestry: Experiences from the Kajang Customary Community in Indonesia". GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol.5(3) Jul-Sep 2017 5, nr 3 (8.07.2017): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.3(11).
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Objective - This article analyses the co-existence of customary forest knowledge and management with contemporary forest policies, management, and the prevailing legal/regulatory framework. In addition, this article explores the extent to which customary forest knowledge and management have endured over time. Methodology/Technique - This research uses a conceptual approach based on perspective and doctrines from laws studies. Findings - Kajang's customary community has and implements moral principles as customary knowledge in forest resource management, such as respect towards nature, cosmic solidarity and the concern of nature; a simple way of living and life in harmony with nature. The several principles are supposed to be valuable basic for finding out the new ethical attitudes oriented to forest sustainability. The principles and the customary knowledge can be the strong basic for forest law development in Indonesia because it grows within the community. Novelty - The research embodied in this article examines how customary forest knowledge can inform the development of contemporary forest policies, management, and laws/regulations. Type of Paper: Review Keywords: Customary Communities; Customary Knowledge and Contemporary Forestry. JEL Classification: I21, Q23.