Rozprawy doktorskie: „Cultural theory”

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Gomez, Jennifer. "Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23086.

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Trauma victimization has deleterious effects on both physical and mental health. In a non-pathologizing manner, betrayal trauma theory offers one paradigm that contextualizes abuse within the relationship it occurs. It is possible that trauma outcomes can be further explained through incorporating aspects of the larger sociocultural context. For instance, some members of minority populations may develop (intra)cultural trust with other perceived minority members; through functioning as a buffer against inequality, (intra)cultural trust may be similar to interpersonal trust within relationships insofar that it creates a vulnerability for betrayal that affects trauma sequelae. Given the incorporation of interpersonal and societal contexts of inequality, predicted outcomes of cultural betrayal trauma are diverse, including abuse outcomes, such as PTSD, and cultural outcomes, such as internalized prejudice. This framework for examining within-group violence in minority populations is called cultural betrayal trauma theory. In the dissertation, I first provide a review of psychological theories of trauma: the fear paradigm, the shattered assumptions paradigm, betrayal trauma theory, and institutional betrayal. I then briefly detail the trauma literature on ethnic minorities, with an emphasis on the importance of contextual factors. Based on this literature, I introduce cultural betrayal trauma theory, defining the theory and its constructs: societal trauma, (intra)cultural trust, cultural betrayal, cultural betrayal trauma, (intra)cultural pressure, cultural betrayal unawareness, abuse outcomes, and cultural outcomes. After addressing societal trauma’s potential role in both within-group and between-group violence victimization in minority populations, I detail the purpose of the empirical study: to test cultural betrayal trauma theory in a sample of ethnic minority students attending a predominantly White university. I report the online survey results based on 296 ethnic minority undergraduates at a predominantly White university. Over half of the sample reported trauma victimization, with 43% of participants reporting within-group violence victimization specifically. This ethno-cultural betrayal trauma was associated with abuse outcomes— dissociation, hallucinations, PTSD, cultural betrayal unawareness, and hypervigilance—and cultural outcomes—trauma-related ethnic identity change, diverse identity changes, internalized prejudice, and (intra)cultural pressure. The dissertation suggests that cultural betrayal trauma theory is a useful framework in examining and understanding trauma sequelae in minority populations.

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Highmore, Benjamin John Nathaniel. "Everyday life and cultural theory". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395977.

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Fernandez, Sarah Elizabeth. "A Theory of Cultural Glocality". UNF Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/249.

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A Theory of Cultural Glocality shows how globalization can be salvaged from the negativity that often surrounds it. Globalization has been the target of criticism that claims globalization is pushed on cultures and in the process is destroying local cultures. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the limitations of globalization critics and show that it is not a negative force, that there is a healthy form of globalization. Therefore, globalization does not have to be considered disastrous for local cultures. Glocalizing provides cultures with a way to balance the local and the global in a healthy way where one does not overrun the other. Glocalizing leads to a horizontal globalization system that is based on interculturalism because it includes both the local and the global. Through glocalizing and interculturalism, horizontal globalization results in a truly global culture that is formed by the integration and merging of the local and the global.

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Kokt, Desere, i Jos G. Chadinha. "Cultural theory and the security fraternity". Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 4, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/440.

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Published Article
There is an ongoing debate on the importance and meaning of organisational culture. Comprehending the prevailing organisational culture is crucial for organisations that need to change and/or launch new projects. This especially applies to the security industry which is constantly faced with new challenges in a national and international realm. This paper uses an anthropological approach to propose an organisational structure best suited for the private security industry. A major South African security company is analyzed in terms of the grid group (GG) or cultural theory. This framework originated in the study of anthropology, originally developed by the British anthropologist Mary Douglas (1970, 1978).

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Nayar, Shoba. "The theory of navigating cultural spaces". Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/733.

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Indian immigrant women are a growing minority group within the multicultural spaces of New Zealand society. Despite Indian immigrants being the second largest, and one of the oldest, Asian immigrant groups to this country, their experiences of settling in a new and unfamiliar environment have been largely overlooked. This grounded theory study using dimensional analysis was aimed at answering the question: ‘How do Indian immigrant women engage in occupations when settling in a new environment?’ In-depth interviews and observations of participants performing daily occupations were conducted with 25 Indian immigrant women living in one of three cities/towns located in the North Island of New Zealand. Theoretical sampling with constant comparative analysis was used to guide both ongoing data collection and data analysis. Categories were examined for their relationships and dimensions to arrive at a substantive grounded theory which has been named ‘Navigating Cultural Spaces’. Performing occupations that reflected either the Indian or New Zealand cultures, or a combination of the two, were core elements in how Indian immigrant women settled in New Zealand. These ways of doing everyday tasks have been conceptualised as Working with Indian Ways, Working with New Zealand Ways and Working with the Best of Both Worlds. Working from each of these perspectives, the women sought to Create a Place in which they could ‘be Indian’ in a ‘New Zealand’ context. In order to achieve the purpose of Creating a Place, Indian immigrant women constantly shifted between the three ways of working; thus, performing occupations that allowed them to reveal as much of their Indian culture as they felt comfortable with at any given time and situation. Their actions were influenced by the people, objects and social spaces that constituted the environment in which they engaged in occupations. The significance of this study is that it reveals how the everyday occupations of Indian immigrant women are constantly modified through their interaction and interpretations of the environment, thus allowing them to move between and within the multicultural spaces of New Zealand society. This gives rise to Navigating Cultural Spaces which frames settlement as an ongoing and dynamic process and challenges the applicability of current models of acculturation in a New Zealand context. It is recommended that future research examines the migration process from an occupational perspective in order to assist with the development of migration policy and support services that best facilitate Indian immigrant women Creating a Place in New Zealand.

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Balkin, J. M. "Cultural software : a theory of ideology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339534.

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Kingsman, Caroline (Caroline Ann) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "High theory ... no culture : or de-colonizing a Canadian cultural studies". Ottawa, 1990.

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Glaser, André Luiz. "Materialismo cultural". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-03082009-151710/.

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O materialismo cultural de Raymond Williams, como formulação de uma nova teoria da cultura inscrita no materialismo histórico, centra-se em um dos debates mais polêmicos e fecundos da tradição marxista - a questão da determinação econômica da cultura e da arte. O presente trabalho visa a uma leitura crítica do livro Marxismo e Literatura, no qual Williams expõe sua teoria de forma abrangente. Por tratar-se de um livro expositivo, sua discussão será acompanhada de diversas análises culturais e literárias do crítico, trazendo à tona seu método teórico-prático as análises criando a teoria, que reorganiza, por sua vez, as formas de entendimento da realidade.
Raymond Williamss Cultural Materialism, working as a formulation of a new cultural theory inscribed in Marxs historical materialism, takes part in one of the most polemical and productive debates in the Marxist tradition the question of the economic determinantion of culture and the arts. The present dissertation has as its aim a critical reading of Marxism and Literature, book in which Williams thoroughly exposes his theory. Being of an expositive kind, its discussion will be conducted along with the study of some of Williamss literary and cultural analyses, bringing forth his method both theoretical and practical the analyses producing the theory that, in its turn, reorganizes the forms of understanding reality.

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Verstraete, Claire. "Plagiarism : the cultural outbreak". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8226.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The aim of this study is a conceptual and theoretical exploration of literary plagiarism. Chapter One traces various definitions of plagiarism and contrasts plagiarism with copyright infringement. It is argued that plagiarism is a social construct which cannot be defined solely in terms of textual features and must be contextualised. Authorial intention and reader reception play a key role in the discourse of plagiarism, since both reveal the prevailing contemporary textual ethics underlying textual production. The literature review in Chapter Two analyses the ways in which plagiarism has been interpreted in the last fifty years contrasting essentialist definitions of plagiarism with postmodern theories of plagiarism as a discourse of power. Plagiarism is contextualised within modern and postmodern aesthetics. In Chapter Three, the discourse of authorship as a stable and unified category is destabilised and challenged. What counts as plagiarism is argued to be inseparable from changing valorisations of authorship. Paradigms of authorship are then contrasted to illustrate how textual values change from one era to another, affecting dominant representations of authorship and plagiarism. Originality is explored as the pivotal construct on which the Romantic model of individual authorship depends - the model in which our current views of plagiarism have their origin. The plagiarist or 'nonauthor' is commonly viewed as everything the author is not: a copyist, unoriginal and immoral. Chapter Four analyses this construction of the plagiarist in the context of a South African case study in which Stephen Watson, Head of Department of English at the University of Cape Town, accused writer Antjie Krog of plagiarism. An analysis is made of the debate which ensued in a South African online journal, as well as of the press documentation surrounding the case. An interview was also conducted with Watson once the debate subsided. The conclusion reached from this study affirms that plagiarism is not an easily definable phenomenon since it depends on cultural notions that are in flux. Social, economic and technological changes also bring to bear on the literary institution, models of authorship and the consequent treatment of plagiarism. By enlarging the range of motivations for textual practices traditionally labelled as plagiarism, this thesis argues for a new conception of plagiarism, one that engages various discourse participants and contexts.

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Meghji, Ali. "Cultural capital and cultural repertoires among the black middle-class : race, class, and culture in the racialised social system". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285101.

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In this thesis, I ask 'Do racism and anti-racism affect black middle-class cultural lives?' I answer this question through interviews with thirty-two black Brits in professional occupations, and ethnographic work across middle-class spaces in London. I argue there are three black middle-class identity modes - strategic assimilation, ethnoracial autonomous, and class-minded - that each show a different relationship between racism, anti-racism, and cultural lives. Each of these identity modes are characterised by specific cultural repertoires. Individuals towards strategic assimilation draw on cultural repertoires of code-switching and cultural equity. Through the repertoire of code-switching, individuals towards strategic assimilation 'switch' identities when around the white middle-class. This identity-switching is based on the premise that one must become palatable to the white middle-class in order to attain legitimate middle-class cultural membership. Racism thus affects such individuals' cultural identities as they show racialised (white) barriers to middle-class cultural membership. Nevertheless, such individuals draw on the anti-racist repertoire of cultural equity, meaning they strive to be equal to the white middle-class in terms of cultural capital. Such individuals therefore often 'decode' traditional middle-class culture as white, but consume such culture to maintain an equal standing to the white middle-class in terms of cultural capital. Those towards the ethnoracial autonomous identity mode draw on cultural repertoires of 'browning' and Afro-centrism. Through their anti-racist repertoire of browning, they stress that people ought to be proud of being black. They therefore resist 'code-switching' and challenge the view that one must assimilate with white norms to prove their middle-class status. Such individuals also use the anti-racist repertoire of Afro-centrism to argue that they have a moral duty to positively uphold black diasporic histories, identities, and culture. They therefore prioritise consuming cultural forms which give positive, authentic representations of the black diaspora, consequently challenging the devaluation of blackness in British society. Lastly, those towards the class-minded identity mode draw on cultural repertoires of post-racialism and de-racialisation. Such individuals believe British society is 'beyond' racism, and they define as 'middle-class' rather than 'black', often reproducing negative stereotypes of other black people. Such individuals use their consumption of middle-class cultural forms to symbolically separate themselves from other black people. Racism affects their cultural lives, therefore, as they often reproduce negative ideologies of other black people as being culturally myopic, uncultivated, or 'playing the race card'. My thesis develops the 'two streams' of research on Britain's black middle-class. Firstly, studies of black British middle-class identity have been unidimensional, focusing predominantly on strategic assimilation. My research shows that strategic assimilation is only one identity mode. Secondly, the literature on black middle-class cultural consumption is also unidimensional, making it appear as though all black middle-class people seek to consume 'middle-class' cultural forms that have a 'black' focus (for example, literature exploring black identity). My research shows that certain black middle-class people (those towards the class-minded identity mode) have no affinity towards 'black' cultural forms, while others (those towards strategic assimilation) make sure to consume 'traditional' middle-class culture to maintain an equal standing with the white middle-class.

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Naudin, Annette. "Cultural entrepreneurship : identity and personal agency in the cultural worker's experience of entrepreneurship". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73086/.

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This thesis examines the role of personal agency in the cultural worker’s experience of entrepreneurship. The thesis is a response to a call for further empirical studies capturing the lived experience of cultural work and of entrepreneurship (See Banks, 2006; Gill and Pratt, 2008; Hesmondhalgh and Baker, 2011; and Steyaert and Hjorth, 2006). I am inspired by an emerging literature which seeks to re-invent entrepreneurship by placing it within a social context, including being ‘enterprising’ for counter-cultural activities or for ‘good’ work (morally, ethically and practically), and female entrepreneurship. I draw on the academic disciplines of cultural studies, cultural policy studies and entrepreneurship studies as a context for this empirical research. By exploring the lived experience of cultural entrepreneurship I focus on the worker’s position and personal agency within a milieu. Day-to-day activities reveal a pragmatic approach to managing the challenges of cultural work, and the possibility for ‘rethinking cultural entrepreneurship’ (Oakley, 2014). The cultural entrepreneur’s capacity for reflexivity emerges as a means of subverting or negotiating entrepreneurial modes of work. Identity and myths are challenged by discussing ideas of performing the entrepreneur, or counteracting popular stereotypes. My research approach encourages individuals to construct their story within this dynamic context, a space they shape as well as being shaped by it.

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Gibbons, Sacha R. J. "Aboriginal testimonial life-writing and contemporary cultural theory /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18737.pdf.

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Rylance, Richard William. "Psychological theory in cultural context, c.1850-1880". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34889.

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This thesis examines work by a number of psychological theorists in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. It is organised in four chapters. The first gives an overview of the main issues and arguments in psychology in the mid-century and a detailed account of Henry Holland, a writer representative of the middle ground of opinion. Subsequent chapters detail the development of psychological theory by three writers - Alexander Bain, Herbert Spencer and G. H. Lewes - who were at the forefront of new work. However the broad context of argument is not lost. All three were polymaths who saw themselves not just as theoretical innovators, but as public spokesmen for a new and challenging attitude to the understanding of nature, society and human consciousness. Their commitment to the scientific analysis of human development questioned prevailing conceptions of the spiritual life, and the political and cultural implications of the new theory (as well as the personal commitments and backgrounds of the writers) brought them into conflict with intellectuals who possessed more orthodox outlooks. The detailed examination of psychological theory is therefore integrated with discussion of cultural context. Arguments and polemics are followed through the periodical press and other publications, including some literary material, especially by George Eliot. The intention is to produce an integrated account of the development of a body of theory in a specific cultural context and to demonstrate its growth through both the 'internal' dynamics of the search for answers to the problems set, and the 'external' cultural and social circumstances of the period in which those answers were sought.

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McKie, David S. "A Cross-cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/115.

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This research builds on Implicit Leadership Theory, which suggests that a leader's performance is likely to be higher when there is congruence between a follower's prototype of what a leader should be and his or her perception of the leader's behaviour. The essence of effective leadership, according to this theory, is being seen as a leader by others. Data were collected from 196 leaders and 1,738 followers from 23 countries within Cargill Incorporated, a US food and agricultural multinational. The research was conducted in two phases. During the first phase data were collected on followers' desired leadership values and their perception of their leader's behaviour on the same dimensions. These data were used to compute a congruence score based on a weighted sum of absolute differences. The congruence score data formed the heart of an individualised Leadership Fit Report written for each leader in the study showing the extent of congruence across 21 leadership characteristics (see Appendix A). The second phase of the study focused on a subset of 933 followers from five countries testing the two hypotheses. The two hypotheses in Phase Two were partially supported. The first was that congruence between desired leadership values and perceived behaviour leads to high performance of a leader and incongruence leads to lower performance. The second was that the relationship between congruence and leader performance varied by nationality. The cross-cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory captured in Hypothesis 2 was particularly important to Cargill because it revealed unique and important differences between the five countries included in the second data set. This study found that the nature of the relationship between congruence and leader performance varies significantly between all five countries. More specifically the data suggests that congruence does not always lead to high performance. This study, albeit exploratory, makes theoretical, methodological and practical contributions in the following ways. i. A cross cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory in a multinational organisation with a significant sample size. ii. An existing desired leadership values questionnaire was used and developed further to measure leadership values and leader perception. iii. All 196 leaders received a personalised feedback report showing the level of congruence (or degree of fit) for 21 leadership characteristics. iv. A methodological contribution was made by using Polynomial Regression Equations and Response Surface Methodology to measure the nature of the relationship between desired leadership values, perceived behaviour and leaders' performance. Implicit Leadership Theory was shown to be complex yet very relevant to management practice. The research undertaken was exploratory yet it has created the basis for on going discussion.

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Webster, D. C. H. "A transformational theory of socialisation and cultural reproduction". Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356548.

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Månsson, Christian, i Johan Vintén. "Organisationskultur ur säkerhetsperspektiv : en fallstudie utifrån Cultural Theory". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18575.

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The aim of this master’s thesis is to identify differences and similarities, regarding security, in two goods terminals in an organisation in the transport and goods sector. In this thesis we use Cultural Theory as an analytical instrument to investigate organizational culture, as seen from a security perspective. Cultural Theory is a theory seen from two perspectives, the stable perspective and the mobile perspective. These two perspectives concentrate on different research areas. In the thesis we choose to present two representations of both perspectives. A case study was designed to collect the empirical material. Interviews were held, both with individuals and with focus groups at both terminals. The two perspectives of Cultural Theory were also implemented when we collected our material. Our analysis of the empirical material, made from the representations of the stable- and mobility perspectives of Cultural Theory, shows that both terminals have tendencies towards a hierarchical bias, but the terminal named B shows a somewhat higher degree of group – level than the terminal named A. We propose that the size of the terminals and the relationships between the employees can make a difference and can explain the higher degree of group level in terminal B, but the result of this thesis can not entirely confirm this. An analysis of factors that affect violations also shows that terminal A has a higher potential risk of fiddling than terminal B. This conclusion is also a topic that needs further research if it is to be confirmed.
Uppsatsnivå: D

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Xu, Yuemao. "A cross-cultural study of prospect-refuge theory". Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040337/.

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Baker, Joseph O. "Sasquatch: Cultural Mythology Meets the Culture of Science". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/488.

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Hannah, Matthew. "Networks of Modernism: Toward a Theory of Cultural Production". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19663.

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In “Patria Mia,” his 1913 series of essays in New Age magazine, Ezra Pound uses a metaphor for modernist cultural production that informs and structures this dissertation. “If it lie within your desire to promote the arts,” he writes, “you must not only subsidize the man with work still in him, but you must gather such dynamic particles together; you must set them where they will interact, and stimulate each other.” Salon hostess Mabel Dodge Luhan, in Movers and Shakers, announces a similar transformation in interpersonal relations: “Looking back on it now, it seems as though everywhere, in that year of 1913 . . . there were all sorts of new ways to communicate, as well as new communications.” I argue that these new forms of communication and interaction described by Pound and Dodge not only characterize the early twentieth century but also empower transnational experiments in literature, art, and politics that we now call “modernism.” Because of dramatic and wide-ranging developments in communications and travel technologies, modernists in the early years of the twentieth century cooperated and communicated regarding their experiments in new dynamic ways that make modernism an especially collaborative project. Before the Great War casts a dark shadow over the promises of modernity, editors, writers, artists, political radicals, hostesses, and intellectuals met in small private salons, published in alternative periodicals, and joined avant-garde movements. Reading these collaborative events illuminates the interactivity that crystallizes modernism as a cultural mode of production. To analyze collaborations in the development of modernism, I construct network graphs that visualize the webs of interaction I study. Rather than rely solely on diachronic readings of modernist texts, these visualizations provide a synchronic model for modernist cultural production as simultaneous connections, constituting a modernist totality. To analyze these network graphs, I apply concepts from network theory and sociology, two disciplines that begin in the modernist moment. Thus, this dissertation is both a theory of cultural production and an effect of that cultural production. The network is itself a modernist concept.

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White, David Gaylord Jr. "Dunctionally embodied culture| Cultural schemas and models in a diversified industrial manufacturer". Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3746293.

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Organizational culture is in need of new paradigms. As an ontological category it is flawed because the lack of academic consensus on what culture is tends to render it inadequate as an explanatory framework. As a field of praxis managers and practitioners tend to oversimplify culture, reducing it to one or two variables such as idealized norms or values, or as personality-writ-large. This leads to failed organizational culture change efforts, usually at great cost and effort as organizations fail to adapt beyond surface effects. Against these notions a new paradigm for organizational culture is proposed. Cognitive science, specifically embodied and situated cognition, analogically based reasoning, and cultural schemas provide a robust way to conceptualize and investigate culture. It is proposed culture is loosely but distinctively ecologically determined, underwritten by human cognition grounded in the functional, technological, and social forces inherent in work, and the production of meaning related to work. This paper advances a theory of culture as shared cognitive models by which groups derive meaning and organize sensemaking. Under the right conditions such models may make up the organization’s dominant culture. This dissertation provides theory and research describing a so-called functionally embodied organizational culture framework. It investigates the shared schemas and cultural models of the executive team of a global, diversified Fortune 1000 manufacturer. Preliminary support for functional grounding is seen: Schemas rooted in the strategic task environment of manufacturing make up the cultural models for people leadership and business management, lending preliminary support to functionally grounded culture. Implications for current theory and practice are discussed, along with avenues for future research. One implication is that popular approaches to culture and change utilizing top-down, espoused, and idealized norms and values may not be sufficient to dislodge prevailing shared cognitions rooted in dominant professional orientations or strategic context.

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Zolfaghari, Badri. "An examination of cross-cultural trust development : adopting a 'mosaic theory' perspective of culture". Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9503/.

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Trust is an integral feature of human relations, and in turbulent and uncertain times trust serves as a tool that enables organisational members to accept higher levels of risk and increases their willingness to cooperate with each other on a dyadic, group and organisational level. However, the development of trust can be significantly hindered or even obstructed in culturally unfamiliar settings, and between parties who come from different cultural backgrounds. This thesis aims to fill the gap in the literature pertaining to culture’s influence on trust and trust development and the ways in which trust can be formed and enhanced between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. It adopts the ‘mosaic’ conceptualisation of culture in order to overcome the limitations associated with using nationality as a proxy for culture and to address the multiplicity of cultural influences on behaviour. This unravels the etic and emic determinants of culture on trust and its development across cultures. It also accounts for the role of governing contextual factors (i.e. organisational factors and individuals’ cultural intelligence) on this process. Through undertaking a mixed-method approach, data was collected from participants via surveys followed by semi-structured interviews. Data collection took place in Durham, UK, Munich, Germany and Cape Town/Johannesburg, South Africa from individuals operating in various multinational organisations, and across different organisation levels. This method of data collection resulted in rich and detailed accounts of how individuals adopt different cultural identities and how they develop (dis)trust with their counterpart from a different cultural background. Overall, findings from this research confirm the mosaic conceptualisation of culture and reject the use of nationality as proxy for culture. It further reveals that individuals adopt multiple cultural identities in order to display trusting behaviour in the workplace, where some cultural facets (i.e. Family, Organisation and Profession) are more influential on the trust development process than others (i.e. Nationality, Religion, Political Affiliation, etc.). Trust development is enhanced when dyads share cultural values and is hindered when they encounter conflicting values, and is moderated by their level of cultural intelligence.

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Aeppli, Kelsey M. "A Cultural Analysis of Police Stress: An Application of Grid/Group Theory". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1496142126364081.

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Yau, O. H.-M. "Consumer satisfaction and cultural values". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371491.

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Camargo, Sílvio César 1969. "Trabalho imaterial e produção cultural : a dialetica do capitalismo tardio". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280475.

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Orientador: Josue Pereira da Silva
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:59:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_SilvioCesar_D.pdf: 832428 bytes, checksum: 4241948fb3bd0562b4b225a31375f5b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Nossa pesquisa se refere a debates em teoria social contemporânea. Nesta tese procuramos mostrar e ao mesmo tempo problematizar a categoria trabalho imaterial, considerando que tal categoria está se mostrando como historicamente central para o processo de produção da riqueza capitalista e acumulação do capital ao longo, aproximadamente, dos últimos trinta anos. A hipótese do trabalho imaterial como central para o atual momento histórico está, ao mesmo tempo, ligada às transformações da cultura contemporânea, principalmente, na forma de produção cultural. Procuramos conceber este entrelaçamento como o aspecto chave de um novo estágio do capitalismo, concebido pelo conceito de capitalismo tardio. Neste sentido, investigamos alguns problemas que também dizem respeito à tradição da Escola de Frankfurt. Em nossa hipótese de investigação conhecimento e cultura são conceitos centrais para o entendimento deste novo estágio do capitalismo tardio, possibilitando-nos um novo olhar quanto aos problemas da dominação e da emancipação na sociedade contemporânea.
Abstract: Our research concerns debates in contemporary social theory. In this dissertation we intend to show as well as query the immaterial labor category, considering that such category has shown itself as historically central for the production process of capitalist wealth and capital accumulation in the last thirty years, approximately. The hypothesis of immaterial labor as central for the present historical context is, at the same time, linked with the contemporary culture transformations, principally in the form of culture production. We intend to conceive this entwinement as the key aspect of a new stage of the capitalism, regarded under the late capitalism concept. In this sense we have investigated some issues that are also concerned to the Frankfurt School tradition. In our hypothesis of work, the concepts of knowledge and culture play a central part for the understanding of this new stage of late capitalism, providing a new outlook on domination and emancipation problems in contemporary society.
Doutorado
Doutor em Sociologia

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Mills, Josephine Mary. "Public occupations, art theory, cultural methodology, and social change". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/NQ47692.pdf.

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26

Seiferheld, Stacy. "[Exploration of human rights theory universalism versus cultural relativism /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1237.

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Boom, Romijn Helene. "Pierre-Simon Ballanche's theory of cultural changes : Palingénésie sociale". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23070.

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Horning-Kossler, William. "A Critique of Ronald Inglehart's Theory of Cultural Shift". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625904.

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Reiter, Sebastian. "Culture in global business transformation projects : the discovery of a grounded theory". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63316/1/Sebastian_Reiter_Thesis.pdf.

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Presently organisations engage in what is termed as Global Business Transformation Projects [GBTPs], for consolidating, innovating, transforming and restructuring their processes and business strategies while undergoing fundamental change. Culture plays an important role in global business transformation projects as these involve people of different cultural backgrounds and span across countries, industries and disciplinary boundaries. Nevertheless, there is scant empirical research on how culture is conceptualised beyond national and organisational cultures but also on how culture is to be taken into account and dealt with within global business transformation projects. This research is situated in a business context and discovers a theory that aids in describing and dealing with culture. It draws on the lived experiences of thirty-two senior management practitioners, reporting on more than sixty-one global business transformation projects in which they were actively involved. The research method used is a qualitative and interpretive one and applies a grounded theory approach, with rich data generated through interviews. In addition, vignettes were developed to illustrate the derived theoretical models. The findings from this study contribute to knowledge in multiple ways. First, it provides a holistic account of global business transformation projects that describe the construct of culture by the elements of culture types, cultural differences and cultural diversity. A typology of culture types has been developed which enlarges the view of culture beyond national and organisational culture including an industry culture, professional service firm culture and 'theme' culture. The amalgamation of the culture types instantiated in a global business transformation project compromises its project culture. Second, the empirically grounded process for managing culture in global business transformation projects integrates the stages of recognition, understanding and management as well as the enablement providing a roadmap for dealing with culture in global business transformation projects. Third, this study identified contextual variables to global business transformation projects, which provide the means of describing the environment global business transformation projects are situated, influence the construct of culture and inform the process for managing culture. Fourth, the contribution to the research method is the positioning of interview research as a strategy for data generation and the detailed documentation applying grounded theory to discover theory.

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30

Harper, Sara June. "A comparison of theory and life experiences in heteroculturality". PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3601.

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This study is a comparison of theory and specific life experiences in heteroculturality. It synthesizes four conceptual frameworks describing individuals who have engaged in multiple culture-learning situations, and compares the themes derived from this synthesis with the attitudes and behaviors communicated by these multiculturally-socialized individuals.

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31

Shen, Phoebe. "A Critical Race Theory Intervention into the Cultural Defense Debate". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/911.

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The cultural defense is an informal term that describes the use of cultural information to mitigate criminal responsibility, often used in conjunction with traditional defense strategies such as provocation or insanity. Arguments for the cultural defense include respecting cultural practices under the liberal narrative that frames the United States as a multicultural and pluralistic society. Advocates of the cultural defense recognize the harmful effects of the false universalism of the law. However, the cultural defense has been criticized as essentialist and harmful as it has been used in high profile cases to justify violence against women of color. The cultural defense superficially prioritizes the needs of marginalized communities by acknowledging the importance of culture in the administration of the criminal law. The rationale behind the cultural defense is politically appealing, but the impacts of the defense are incompatible with the goals of antisubordination, which will be further described by Critical Race Theory. Because the debate surrounding the cultural defense has yet to make significant advances, I argue that Critical Race Theory offers an essential starting point in intervening in the debate, ultimately transforming the realm of legal jurisprudence through its explicit race consciousness and examination of racialized power. In particular, I will examine the concepts of intersectionality and interest convergence which will offer valuable perspective into the cultural defense debate.

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32

Adair, David Francis, i n/a. "'Queer Theory': Intellectual and Ethical Milieux of 1990s Sexual Dissidence". Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041014.102015.

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The main problem addressed by this thesis is the question of how to assess the politics and the cultural effects and implications of 'Queer Theory' during the period of the 1990s. 'Queer' was invoked in numerous institutions, spaces, and cultural practices over this period, and yet queer-identified theorists and many of their critics have often assumed that this term refers to a relatively unified object. I ask if it is appropriate to treat these 'queer' occasions in this manner, and whether this 'dispersed' object requires a different approach: one that sets out to describe means and routes by which it became possible and desirable to pose 'queer' problems across so many diverse sites and practices. In addition, if there are discernible patterns to these distributed cultural capacities and inclinations, what political significance do they have? These questions inform my account of the career of 'Queer Theory' during the 1990s. A post-humanist approach to these matters is not premised on an essential or a socially constituted general category of 'subjectivity'. Instead, it addresses 'Queer Theory' as a problem, without automatically critiquing it; it is sceptical of the perfectionist pulsion that has treated this critical practice as either a good or a bad object: dual roles that are mandated by the logic of dialectical criticism. These roles are exemplified by the frequent relegation of 'queer' in the relevant literature to the 'innately political' or the 'merely aesthetic'. In this thesis I identify ethical, cultural, and political yields of these conventional choices and the modes of problematisation in which they operate; I positively redescribe them as aesthetico-political practices. My approach therefore not only deviates from the 'good' or 'bad' critical options, but also from a third option: the equally rationalist response of assuming that 'Queer Theory' is fundamentally a problem of under-theorisation.

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33

Adair, David Francis. "'Queer Theory': Intellectual and Ethical Milieux of 1990s Sexual Dissidence". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367520.

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The main problem addressed by this thesis is the question of how to assess the politics and the cultural effects and implications of 'Queer Theory' during the period of the 1990s. 'Queer' was invoked in numerous institutions, spaces, and cultural practices over this period, and yet queer-identified theorists – and many of their critics – have often assumed that this term refers to a relatively unified object. I ask if it is appropriate to treat these 'queer' occasions in this manner, and whether this 'dispersed' object requires a different approach: one that sets out to describe means and routes by which it became possible and desirable to pose 'queer' problems across so many diverse sites and practices. In addition, if there are discernible patterns to these distributed cultural capacities and inclinations, what political significance do they have? These questions inform my account of the career of 'Queer Theory' during the 1990s. A post-humanist approach to these matters is not premised on an essential or a socially constituted general category of 'subjectivity'. Instead, it addresses 'Queer Theory' as a problem, without automatically critiquing it; it is sceptical of the perfectionist pulsion that has treated this critical practice as either a good or a bad object: dual roles that are mandated by the logic of dialectical criticism. These roles are exemplified by the frequent relegation of 'queer' in the relevant literature to the 'innately political' or the 'merely aesthetic'. In this thesis I identify ethical, cultural, and political yields of these conventional choices and the modes of problematisation in which they operate; I positively redescribe them as aesthetico-political practices. My approach therefore not only deviates from the 'good' or 'bad' critical options, but also from a third option: the equally rationalist response of assuming that 'Queer Theory' is fundamentally a problem of under-theorisation.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
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34

Bramall, Rebecca. "On cultural amnesia critical theory and contemporary discourses of forgetting". Thesis, University of East London, 2007. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1286/.

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This thesis examines contemporary discourses of forgetting, and in particular the notion of `cultural amnesia'. I take as the object of my research the mobilization of amnesia in the humanities and social sciences during the last two decades, arguing that this concept does not have a consistent relation to cultural phenomena but rather names a perceived loss, absence or deficiency, and sometimes excess or surfeit, in knowledge and the articulation of knowledge. I explore what is at stake in these rulings of cultural and social deficiency, the values and frameworks that are invoked to authorize them, and the specific fact of their being set out in terms of memory. My method of historicizing the emergence of the concept of amnesia as a preferred means of figuring cultural deficiency is to trace in contemporary discourses of forgetting certain legacies of Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School. I submit that Theodor W. Adorno's thought is construed by theorists working on the subject of memory as a significant antecedent for contemporary debates; specifically, he is regarded as having anticipated late twentieth-century anxieties about amnesia. I attend to such characterizations both by offering a fresh consideration of the function of memory-related concepts in Critical Theory and by questioning what is at stake in contemporary claims of a relationship to - as well as in frequent disavowals of - aspects of this current of thought. The chapters that follow examine: the discursive functions of the concept of amnesia in cultural and social theory; the relationship between the concepts of reification and forgetting; the processes through which the postwar period became recognized as a period of amnesia for the Holocaust; the place of the concept of amnesia in Fredric Jameson's thesis on postmodernism and in today's recollection of his contribution; and the return of the notion of `the forgotten' in the turn to ethics in poststructuralist literary theory.

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35

Lin, Wen-Hsu. "General Strain Theory and Juvenile Delinquency: A Cross-Cultural Study". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3208.

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General strain theory (GST) (Agnew, 1992, 2001, 2006a) is an established criminological theory. Although the theory has been examined by many and enjoys empirical support, some limitations of previous studies need to be addressed. First, previous studies have not incorporated all major types of strain in their models; hence, the effects of these strains on delinquency are unclear. Second, many previous studies did not include negative emotions and even negative emotions other than anger. Finally, and the most serious limitation, many previous studies rely heavily on samples from Western countries, mostly the U.S.; thus, possible cultural influences are ignored. Although a few studies have moved forward by using subjects from Asia (e.g., China, Korea), these studies only provide empirical results regarding whether GST is applicable in other cultures. The lack of comparable samples from both Western and Eastern cultures hinders direct comparison. The present research contributes to the theoretical body of literature through addressing the aforementioned three limitations. First, the study measures the major types of strain that are mentioned by Agnew. Second, anger and depression are included in the analysis, which addresses not only the limitations of previous studies but also the suggestions of Agnew (2006a). In addition, the measure of anger is situational and consistent with GST. Thirdly, the present study uses the same research instrument to collect comparable samples from both the U.S. (Western country) and Taiwan (Eastern country). This enables a direct comparison across cultural boundaries, and the similarities and differences can be empirically established. Whereas the core propositions of GST are supported, the study finds some negative results. In addition, most of the GST processes are found to be similar between the U.S. and Taiwanese juveniles. However, some differences were also discovered. Explanation of these similarities and differences from their cultural perspectives are offered. Furthermore, the results from this study also raise some challenges to GST and point out that revisions of GST may be required.

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36

Kikuchi, Yuko. "Mingei theory and Japanese modernisation : cultural nationalism and 'oriental orientalism'". Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287011.

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37

Jackson, S. "A Cultural Theory Analysis of the Management of Technology Change". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501282.

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Kawashima, Nobuko. "Cultural policy research : an emerging discipline between theory and practice". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58547/.

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39

Fontelieu, Suzanne. "Pan stalks America : contemporary American anxieties and cultural complex theory". Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654570.

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This study contributes to a better understanding of contemporary anxieties in American culture by applying meanings derived from mythology to panic inducing cultural phenomena. It asks if the Greek god Pan metaphorically exemplifies the archetypal core within an American cultural anxiety complex. The principal technical device used is Jung's method of amplification, rendering cultural material at a more psychologically substantial level. This hermeneutic research interprets primary sources and commentaries for three historical events. A pattern of escalating anxiety in America is posited as underlying bullying and scapegoating that led to the 1999 Columbine massacre. In 2001, American reactions following the terr,orist attack on 9111 congealed into panic-driven legislation and escapism. Currently approximately 26,000 military personnel are raped by their peers, aided by apathy that allows a persecutory element within the military to remain in command. These problems fall within the mythological purview of Pan. Manifest destiny, exceptionalism, the historical domination of the Mideast, bullying in public schools, and the chain of commarid in the military are all examples of a dominant group negatively projecting onto an out-group. This thesis found the best predictor of the birth of a cultural complex is if a dominant group or culture has inadequate means to examine its own projections. Pan and his companion nymphs are envisioned here as both a defensive shell of "exceptionalism" and a core naivete in American culture. Pan's compulsion into life is a symbolic expression of an archetype that was once alive in the bold spirit of America, but has rusted into paralysis due to a lack of initiative towards contemporary problems. Where the US once unconsciously identified with the most courageous and expansive in the Pan archetype, now the archetype of panic stalks America.

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40

Ibáñez, Perfecto Andrés. "On the cultural poverty of a (judicial) practice without theory". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115555.

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The traditional model of initial training of judges in Spain and in other countries has been focused, and is still focused, on the mechanical digestion of a pile of stereotyped notions related to several legal subjects.This knowledge is presented with no references to specific legal disputes and does not meet at all, neither the profile of modern complex constitutional legal systems consisting of several levels, internally changing and conflicting; nor the practice of those systems. It does correspond, however, the historical model of the Napoleonic judge, who tends to act as a mechanical enforcer of the law and the longa manu of the real power rather than guardian of the citizens’ basic rights. The alternative to this kind of judicial training would be a system of training incorporating a high quality operative knowledge of the positive law actually in force, together with a theoretical-philosophical training in line with the suggestions made by Manuel Sacristán of «a level of exercise of thinking» based on the specific field and activity inherent to that group of legal practitioners.
El modelo tradicional de formación inicial de jueces para el desempeño del rol, en España, pero no solo, se ha cifrado y se cifra en la asimilación mecánica de todo un cúmulo de nociones estereotipadas relativas a las diversas disciplinas. Se trata de un bagaje que, por su carácter desproblematizador, no se ajusta en absoluto al perfil de los modernos ordenamientos constitucionales complejos, dotados de distintos niveles y, con frecuencia, internamente conflictivos y cambiantes; y menos a su práctica.Pero responde, en cambio, al histórico tipo de juez del modelo napoleónico, longa manu del poder en acto más que garante de derechos, tendencial aplicador mecánico. La alternativa a esta clase de formación estaría en otra que incorporase a un buen conocimiento operativo del derecho positivo en su ser actual y realmente vigente, una formación teórico-filosófica en la línea sugerida una vez por Manuel Sacristán, como «un nivel de ejercicio del pensamiento» a partir de y sobre el específico campo temático y de la actividad propia de tal clase de operadores.

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41

Goecke, Norman Michael. "What is "Jazz Theory" Today? Its Cultural Dynamics and Conceptualization". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1395668797.

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42

Whittle, Barbara. "The cultural context of the theories of Heinrich Schenker". Thesis, n.p, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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43

Metcalfe, Eric William. "Are cultural rights human rights? : a cosmopolitan conception of cultural rights". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2002d1f-98de-4131-a758-58a8bb84d85d.

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The liberal conception of the state is marked by an insistence upon the equal civil and political rights of each inhabitant. Recently, though, a number of writers have argued that this emphasis on uniform rights ignores the fact that the populations of most states are culturally diverse, and that their inhabitants have significant interests qua members of particular cultures. They argue that liberals should recognize special, group-based cultural rights as a necessary part of a theory of justice in multicultural societies. In this thesis I examine the idea of special cultural rights. In the first part (Chapters 1 to 4), I begin by setting out some of the different conceptions of culture and multiculturalism that are involved in the debate over cultural rights. I then discuss three claims made by supporters of special cultural rights: (1) that having culture is an essential part of individual autonomy; (2) that people have morally significant interests qua members of particular cultures; and (3) that these interests are inadequately protected by existing liberal conceptions of human rights. Although I conclude that (1) is correct, I argue that both (2) and (3) are mistaken. Among other things, I suggest that the version of culture relied upon by supporters of special cultural rights is an implausible one and I outline what I take to be a more plausible, cosmopolitan conception of culture. In the second part (Chapters 5 to 9), I begin by looking at specific instances of cultural rights-claims, and analyzing the concept of cultural rights qua rights. I consider the practical and conceptual difficulties with special cultural rights at great length. But the core of my thesis is that our interest in culture lies in its contribution of worthwhile goals and options, and that this interest lies in culture generally rather than in particular cultures. Hence, adopting a special or group-based distribution of any right to culture would seem to be inconsistent with liberal egalitarian principles. If there are such things as cultural rights, I argue, they are general rather than special rights. I conclude by offering a very preliminary account of what a cosmopolitan conception of cultural rights might involve in the case of the right to free association and language rights.

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44

Kennedy, James Ryan. "Social determinants underlying the secure base| How Miller's relational-cultural theory interacts with Bowlby's attachment theory". Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10182245.

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This applied theoretical paper explores the underlying capacity for caregivers to raise emotionally intelligent, well-adjusted children who grow up able to respond effectively to the demands of a complex world. A guiding supposition of the research is that diminished access to institutional privilege, especially when unrecognized and unprocessed by caregivers, is likely a risk factor connected to a variety of deleterious outcomes associated with the social determinants of health as defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This connection resulted from asking the question, “How does the underlying capacity for caregivers to understand and manage diverse and complex dimensions of their personal identity, especially in terms of how they relate to institutional power and privilege, serve as a protective factor in meeting the developmental needs of their children for a safe, stable, and nourishing emotional environment?” To answer this question, two well-respected theoretical orientations were identified that each spoke to half of the question, but when brought together, could much more elegantly address many more aspects of the question in an integrated and holistic fashion. Specifically, John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory provided important context as to what developmental needs children have for a safe, stable, and nourishing emotional environment. On the other hand, Jean Baker Miller’s Relational-Cultural Theory was adept at offering a nuanced perspective on understanding diverse and complex dimensions of personal identity, especially as those dimensions interfaced with institutional privilege. Bringing these two perspectives together and synthesizing them into a new approach, an approach named Attachment-Informed Relational-Cultural Therapy, was the culmination of the research. One important outcome of the research was how it framed secure attachment as an unearned privilege (i.e. attachment privilege) that is affected by and simultaneously affects multiple variables in the caregiver and child dyad. These variables can themselves then become either protective factors supporting further secure attachment or risk factors threatening to damage or destroy it. Through the process of linking childhood attachment themes to the theme of access to institutional privilege it is hoped a greater capacity may be achieved for supporting caregivers in understanding and managing diverse and complex dimensions of their personal identity.

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45

Friday, Shawnta Shajuan. "Racioethnic differences in job satisfaction : a test of orthogonal cultural identification theory and self-categorization theory". FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3419.

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The theories of orthogonal cultural identification and self-categorization are offered as links in examining the possible racioethnic differences in job satisfaction. It is posited that racioethnicity (Cox & Blake, 1991) is multidimensional with at least three conceptually distinct dimensions. Since there is a need for consistent terminology with respect to these distinct dimensions, the following new terms are offered to differentiate among them: " physioethnicity" refers to the physiological dimension of racioethnicity; "socioethnicity" refers to the sociocultural dimension; and "psychoethnicity" refers to the psychological dimension.

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46

Hasler, Joseph Francis. "Terror management theory and the effects of mortality salience, cultural affirmation, and cultural threat on the evaluation of individuals from similar and dissimilar cultures". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185113.

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This study investigated the tenets of "terror management theory," a theory based primarily upon the writings of Ernest Becker. According to Becker, cultural belief systems are designed to lessen the existential fear and anxiety which result from human beings' conscious awareness of their physical vulnerability and eventual death. If people obey the rules of their culture, they are promised protection from harm and immortality; they are therefore highly motivated to promote and affirm their particular world view. An opposing world view, on the other hand, is perceived as a threat and must be defended against, particularly when physical vulnerability and mortality are made salient. It was therefore hypothesized that a reminder of mortality would cause American subjects to be more attracted to a member of their own culture and less attracted to a person from the middle-east. Additionally, it was expected that bolstering the subjects' world view following a reminder of death would alleviate the aforementioned tendencies, while a direct cultural threat following mortality salience would exacerbate them. Eighty-three American college students served as the subjects for this study. Prior to evaluating two target individuals (one U.S. citizen and one Lebanese citizen), one-half filled out a mortality attitudes survey; the other half did not. Following the mortality salience manipulation, one-third read an interview which highly praised the U.S. political system, one-third read an interview which harshly criticized it, and one-third read a neutral interview which was unrelated to politics. The targets were then evaluated through the Interpersonal Judgment Scale (IJS), a series of trait endorsements, and a social distance scale. Although none of the hypothesized effects emerged and there was no direct support for terror management theory, there were several subtle indicators of prejudice toward the Lebanese target. It was concluded that the validity of the findings was significantly affected by a high degree of suspicion on the part of the subjects, coupled with a general unwillingness to openly express prejudice; this made it difficult to accurately evaluate the plausibility of the theory.

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47

Mark, Noah 1971. "Culture and competition: A critical test of homophily and distinction explanations for cultural niches". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282706.

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Why do different kinds of people like different kinds of culture? I examine two answers to this question: the homophily model and the distinction model. These models are alternative explanations for the finding that different cultural tastes and practices are concentrated within different sociodemographic segments of society. To determine which model is the preferred explanation, I identify conflicting predictions generated by the models. The models imply different ecological processes. The homophily model predicts that cultural forms compete with each other for people: People are a scarce resource on which cultural forms depend; cultural forms are not a scarce resource for people. The distinction model predicts a dual ecology: Cultural forms compete with each other for people, and people compete with each other for cultural forms. Empirical tests with 1993 General Social Survey data support the homophily model and disconfirm the distinction model.

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48

Hong, EunSun Sunny. "A grounded theory of leadership and followership in multicultural teams in sil". Thesis, Biola University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620400.

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There is a growing need to understand what effective multicultural leadership and followership look like in a faith-based, nonprofit, international organization where communication is mostly conducted through electronic means. Very little research has been done on this subject. The purpose of this grounded theory study is to understand and describe what leaders and followers want leadership and followership to look like in this kind of setting. Data for this study were gathered largely through interviews with ten leaders and sixty-five followers working in SIL International and its partner organizations. Study participants originated from twenty-one countries, and, at the time of the study, were based in ten countries. The core elements of desired qualities of leadership and followership emerged through the analysis of these semi-structured interviews. This study proposes a substantive theory about the perception of leadership and followership: Both followers and leaders in SIL, where computer-aided communication is the most frequently used communication platform, perceive that effective leadership and effective followership derive from specific and identifiable relational qualities, task-oriented competencies, character-related qualities, spiritual qualities, cultural intelligence, and the way communication by computer is used and understood. Strengths and drawbacks of communication methods impact the relationship between leaders and followers.

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49

Yu, Ning 1954. "The contemporary theory of metaphor: A perspective from Chinese". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290688.

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The primary objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the contemporary theory of metaphor from the viewpoint of Chinese, so as to help place the theory into a wider cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective. Aiming at this primary objective, it explores two major questions faced by the contemporary theory: (1) if abstract reasoning is at least partially metaphorical in nature; and (2) what conceptual metaphors are universal, widespread, or culture-specific. It focuses on two conceptual metaphors--the scTIME-AS-SPACE metaphor and the Event Structure Metaphor--which have been proposed as candidates for metaphorical universals. The study shows how time in Chinese is conceptualized in terms of space and motion, fit into the two-case model proposed by Lakoff for English. In case 1, time is conceptualized as moving objects toward and past a stationary Observer; in case 2, time is conceptualized as bounded locations through which the Observer travels. It also suggests that a third case, in which the Observer travels along with a time-object through time-locations, is necessary for both Chinese and English. It is shown that Chinese and English not only follow the same principle of spatialization of time, but also share the same directionality parameter: the future is ahead of, and the past is behind, the Observer. This study also shows that in Chinese various aspects of event structure such as states, changes, causes, actions, purposes, means, and difficulties are conceptualized metaphorically in terms of space, motion, and force, just as in English. The conceptual mappings at a high hierarchical level of the metaphor system are found the same in both English and Chinese, whereas the specific linguistic instantiations of those conceptual mappings may be similar or different between the two languages. This study reinforces the view that metaphor is the main mechanism through which we comprehend abstract concepts and perform abstract reasoning. It also supports the candidacy of the scTIME-AS-SPACE metaphor and the Event Structure Metaphor for metaphorical universals. These two conceptual metaphors are grounded in some basic human experiences that may be universal to all human beings.

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50

Adiseshiah, Sian Helen. "Theory, politics and cultural practice in the plays of Caryl Churchill". Thesis, Online version, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.274420.

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