Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „CULTURAL LANDSCAPE”

The project analyses a cultural landscape and depicts the layers of culture, urbanity and making in its previous alterations. The proposal considers Økern, a post-industrial area north east of Oslo, due for a large densification process, becoming part of the central city. Through analysis of Økern’s layered history and its requirements for the future, the thesis proposes to reinscribe paths of public, residential and productive qualities.  The analysis begins by mapping the different characters the landscape has played through a drawn survey. The scheme responds to the survey in proposing a new connective path and a series of spaces that are public, residential and producing. The proposal consists of a garden and communal space, the transformation and improvement of an existing factory building and a public passage giving access to the high street of the area. The scheme is a contextual addition to the pedestrian, residential and public grain of Økern. It is specific in its interventions on the site, working with the existing landscape, the need for public space and the local functions present in the area. The thesis also aims to contribute on a general level with an attitude of care and sustainability, proposing precise and well informed insertions in the transformation of cities today.

This thesis examines visitors' awareness and experiences of cultural values for natural areas of importance to Maori. The South Island/Te Wai Pounamu contains natural landscapes with scenic and recreational values that attract large numbers of domestic and international visitors. Many of these areas have a cultural significance for members of the South Island's Ngai Tahu iwi and hapu groups. The Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 legally recognised the traditional relationships between the iwi and the natural world, whilst other Acts of Parliament provide direction to government agencies for encouraging iwi involvement in the management of natural resources. Measures include increased participation in the management of national parks through iwi representation on regional conservation boards, the New Zealand Conservation Authority, and the inclusion of Ngai Tahu values within subsequent national park management plans. National park interpretation may influence visitors' awareness of cultural values for natural areas as visitors encounter information panels, displays, publications such as visitor guides or brochures, experience guided tours and/or audiovisual shows and view other interpretive medium. The researcher investigated visitors' awareness of Maori values for landscape at three South Island case study sites: Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, Fiordland National Park, and Lake Pukaki. An understanding of the Ngai Tahu values for these areas was achieved through site visits, a literature review and informal interviews to enable comparisons of the management history of interpretation at the case study sites. Visitors' experiences at each site were explored with interviews, participant observations and a survey that provided qualitative and quantitative data. The survey was administered between January and April 2000 to 716 visitors, yielding 472 valid returns (65.9%). A comprehensive profile of visitors' demographics, social and environmental values was developed from the survey data. Visitors were well educated with 70% having a tertiary education and the majority of visitors were employed in professional occupations. When asked about their previous experiences of other cultures, many visitors reported prior encounters with Australian Aborigine and Native Americans. Visitors considered Rotorua and the Bay of Islands as the locations most closely associated with Maori whereas the study sites were not regarded as significant to Maori, despite the presence of on-site interpretation conveying Maori values for each area. Maori culture was not an important travel motivation for most visitors to these areas and the research revealed diverse reactions from the survey respondents towards cultural interpretive material. Despite this a small percentage of visitors (14%), of domestic and international origins, had an extremely strong interest in future opportunities to experience cultural interpretation of the landscape, particularly in material that tended towards the narrative, for example mythology and legends. It was concluded that a niche demand for Maori perspectives of natural areas could be further met with increased resources for interpretation at visitor centres. It was also proposed that such interpretation could attract a Maori audience, increasing Maori visitation to national parks. The participation of Maori and other host community members in the development and delivery of cultural landscape interpretation would provide broad perspectives and unique educational opportunities for the visiting public. At the case study areas, and throughout New Zealand, the cultural landscapes encountered by visitors had complex and diverse meanings to a wide range of peoples, depending on individual circumstances. Similarly, the diversity of visitors requires the development of interpretation which responds to visitor demand as well as management needs, the multitude of meanings for the landscape being but one of many possible themes.

This thesis examines the lithic assemblage from the 2005-2012 field seasons at the Sarah Boston site in Grafton, Massachusetts. The Sarah Boston site is associated with a multi-generational Nipmuc family living on the site during the late 18^th through early 19^th centuries. In total, 163 lithic artifacts, primarily quartz flakes and cores, were found throughout the site with concentrations north of a house foundation associated with the Nipmuc family. Reworked gunflints and worked glass were examined as examples of lithic practice associated with artifacts that are conclusively datable to the period after European arrival. Presence of quartz artifacts in an undisturbed B-horizon demonstrates a much-earlier Native component to the Sarah Boston site. Lithics and ground stone tools present in the later intact midden deposit demonstrate that the Nipmuc family interacted with these materials. Given the concentration of flakes found within the midden, it is likely that some portion of these flakes as well as the reworked gunflints and knapped glass were actively used, and perhaps produced, by the occupants of the house as an alternative or replacement of other tools, including iron. This thesis concludes that the practice of knapping persisted on this site into the 19^th century indicating a cultural continuity of Nipmuc cultural practices and identity in addition to the adoption of European-produced ceramics, iron knives, and other later materials.

The development of the medieval city of Angkor (802-1431 CE) in the floodplains of the Tonle Sap Lake has lead researchers to believe that Angkor made use of its extensive river network; however, little attention has been given to Angkor's relationship with its watery environment. Previous studies have presented a fragmentary view of the subject by analyzing different components in a compartmentalized way, placing the focus on nautical technology or neglecting discussion on water transport in academic works on land transport. This work aims to provide a more comprehensive study on Angkor's specific cognitive and functional traits that could be construed as a distinctive form of fluvial and cultural landscape. This is done by examining the environment, nautical technology, and the cultural biography of boats within the theoretical framework of the maritime cultural landscape and using a cross-disciplinary approach that integrates data from archaeology, iconography, history, ethnography, and environmental studies. A new topological map of Angkor's landscape of communication and transport is presented, as well as new insights on the use of boats as liminal agents for economic and political activities.

The Berlin Mission Station, Botshabelo, situated nearby the town of Middelburg in Mpumalanga presents a multi-cultural landscape that is emblematic of the complex questions facing heritage sites in South Africa today. Botshabelo mission station is a historically, physically and culturally layered landscape with a shared heritage and an assemblage of narratives. The following dissertation examines the two cultures that influenced the establishment of the mission station, namely the local African cultures and the German missionaries of the 19th Century, and their relationship with the landscape. The embedded layers of meaning and heritage within Botshabelo’s landscape relating to these cultures were translated into a contemporary landscape design with the aim of reviving the neglected historic site.
Mini Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Architecture
ML(Prof)
Unrestricted

Cultural landscapes are places that have developed distinct characteristics from the interaction of people and nature. Actors with different roles in a cultural landscape will interpret the value of the landscape features differently. By combining these perspectives, or knowledge systems, a more complete interpretation can be included in development of an adaptive and collaborative environmental management systems. The principles of such adaptive co-management have guided a management initiative in the province of Bali, Indonesia. It aims to safe-guard a selected region of a unique landscape shaped by peaceful water-sharing among Bali’s rice farmer associations, known as subaks. The current challenge is to effectively engage the communities in its implementation. The site is nominated as a Cultural Landscape World Heritage (CLWH) to UNESCO, which is an opportunity to involve the national and provincial administrations in a management strategy.A key assumption is that knowing each other’s interpretations will contribute to building an effective management plan and implementation. In this study perspectives from two stakeholder groups, the management committee and local farmers, have been assessed to understand how they interpret the landscape values. The perspective of a practical knowledge system is contrasted to the scientific knowledge system, although both groups share an understanding of the values of the subak landscape. These knowledge systems were made explicit with visualisation methods in qualitative interviews.Furthermore, the local farmers interpreted the CLWH nomination as an opportunity for tourism and development, although stressing that tourism may have negative effects. The management committee, on the other hand, perceived the CLWH nomination as a tool to attract attention not only from tourists, but also support from the national and provincial government. It can be concluded that the CLWH nomination has achieved involvement and attention from government actors and supported development of an adaptive co-management plan. The Balinese CLWH nomination has potential for evolving environmental management and combine local and scientific knowledge systems, based on the shared place-based lived experience of the subak landscape.

For flute, piano, erhu, and Max/ISP interactive computer music system. Duration: ca. 15:00. System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Includes notes for performance. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-96).

xv, 298 p. ; ill. (chiefly col.), maps (chiefly col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: AAA F868.Y6 G47 2004
This study describes existing conditions, evaluates significance and historic integrity, and recommends treatment strategies to preserve historic elements of the Nevada Fall Corridor cultural landscape in Yosemite National Park. It reports findings from field investigation that examined and inventoried landscape features such as stone retaining walls, treadway material, bridges and causeways, and water features on both current-use and abandoned trail segments. The site was examined numerous times over a three-month period, with a followup visit one year later. Libraries and other archives were consulted for written and photographic historic documentation, which were analyzed against current conditions. The process also involved review of comparison documents as well as national guidelines set forth by the National Park Service.
Adviser: Melnick, Robert Z.

A value-shift began to influence global political thinking in the late 20th century, characterised by recognition of the need for environmentally, socially and culturally sustainable resource development. This shift entailed a move away from thinking of ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ as separate entities – the former existing to serve the latter – toward the possibility of embracing the intrinsic worth of the nonhuman world. Cultural landscape theory recognises ‘nature’ as at once both ‘natural’, and a ‘cultural’ construct. As such, it may offer a framework through which to progress in the quest for ‘sustainable development’. This study makes a contribution to this quest by asking whether contemporary developments in cultural landscape theory can contribute to rehabilitation strategies for Australian open-cut coal mining landscapes. The answer is ‘yes’. To answer the research question, a flexible, ‘emergent’ methodological approach has been used, resulting in the following outcomes. A thematic historical overview of landscape values and resource development in Australia post-1788, and a review of cultural landscape theory literature, contribute to the formation of a new theoretical framework: Reconnecting the Interrupted Landscape. This framework establishes a positive answer to the research question. It also suggests a method of application within the Australian open-cut coal mining landscape, a highly visible exemplar of the resource development landscape. This method is speculatively tested against the rehabilitation strategy of an operating open-cut coal mine, concluding with positive recommendations to the industry, and to government.

The geographical landscape has always been attractive to everyone because there you can express the human curiosity to know the surrounding world. The ways to present or to describe these landscapes fill the literature books and, in the Peruvian case, there are the works of all writers to a major or minor degree. Thus, at the beginning of the 20th century it is notable the figure of the historian José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, himself an aristocrat from Lima who made an heroic travel from Cusco to Ocopa, Huancayo, at a time when there were not roads, making the trip on mule back. Here we present a brief description of an experience made in October, 2012, where we look to capture some of Riva-Agüero’s impressions that could have marked his vision about the life conditions of the high mountain people of the Andes, which may have changed his political view of them.
El paisaje geográfico ha sido siempre el atractivo de todo ser humano porque allí se expresa la curiosidad de conocer el mundo que nos rodea. Las formas de presentar o describir estos paisajes llenan los libros de literatura y en el caso peruano están los trabajos de todos los escritores en mayor o menor grado. Así, a comienzos del siglo XX destaca la figura del historiador José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, un aristócrata limeño que realizó un viaje heroico para la época en que no habían carreteras y cubrió a lomo de bestia el trecho entre Cusco y Ocopa, en el valle del Mantaro. Aquí se hace una breve descripción de la experiencia realizada en octubre de 2012, en donde se buscó captar algunas impresiones que pudieron haber marcado la visión de este viajero acerca de la vida de la población andina y que, de alguna manera, le hicieron cambiar su pensamiento político.

Although wine production has an extremely long history across Lebanon, it is relatively suffering from a loss of identity due to globalization, and the huge rupture that occurred during the Islamic era. A development of a collective strategy that focuses on brand identity and territorial promotion is a must for an identity development. Luckily the rich history and culture of Lebanon, make them great assets to build upon them this identity. Accordingly, in this thesis we are going to seek the current vineyard landscapes, vineyards and the cultural potentials that the wine industry has, having the Bekaa region as our framework, and propose upon these potentials and characteristics a touristic map which could be used in a collective development strategy to guide landscape valorisation and wine identity development; Résumé: Bien que la production de vin ait une histoire extrêmement longue au Liban, elle souffre relativement d'une perte d'identité due à la mondialisation et à l'énorme rupture qui s'est produite pendant l'ère islamique. L'élaboration d'une stratégie collective axée sur l'identité de marque et la promotion territoriale est indispensable au développement de l'identité. Heureusement, la richesse de l'histoire et de la culture du Liban en font de grands atouts pour construire sur eux cette identité. Par conséquent, dans cette thèse, nous allons rechercher les paysages viticoles actuels, les vignobles et les potentiels culturels dont dispose l'industrie du vin, en ayant la région de la Bekaa comme cadre, et proposer sur ces potentiels et caractéristiques une carte touristique qui pourrait être utilisée dans une stratégie de développement collectif pour guider la valorisation des paysages et le développement de l'identité du vin; Resumo: Produção de vinho na zona rural de Bekaa - Líbano Embora a produção de vinho tenha uma história extremamente longa em todo o Líbano, sofre relativamente de uma perda de identidade devido à globalização, e à enorme ruptura que ocorreu durante a era islâmica. O desenvolvimento de uma estratégia colectiva centrada na identidade da marca e na promoção territorial é um imperativo para o desenvolvimento de uma identidade. Felizmente, a rica história e cultura do Líbano, fazem deles grandes trunfos para construir sobre eles esta identidade. Assim, nesta tese, vamos procurar as actuais paisagens vitícolas, vinhas e potenciais culturais que a indústria vinícola tem, tendo a região de Bekaa como quadro, e propor sobre estes potenciais e características um mapa turístico que poderia ser utilizado numa estratégia de desenvolvimento colectivo para orientar a valorização da paisagem e o desenvolvimento da identidade do vinho.

As the Campus Landscape Architect for the University of Pretoria, it has been an on-going challenge to gain an understanding and reliable data on the history of the landscape of the University of Pretoria's Hatfield campus. With the pace of development taking place on the campus, in order to meet the University's 2025 Strategic Vision, it became very clear that potential significant cultural landscapes on the Hatfield campus could be lost without ever knowing it. This is especially even more so when related to the South African Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999 (SAHRA). The Getty Foundation's Campus Heritage Initiative's first grant for a conference in 2000 shared consensus that historic landscape preservation had a very low profile in much of American campus planning The hypothesis states that the University of Pretoria's Hatfield Campus has an undiscovered cultural landscape history that not only could have value to the development of the University, but also to that of the surrounding precincts of the City. The thesis's aim is to record any sourced data pertaining to the cultural landscape of the University of Pretoria's Hatfield campus in order to contribute to the institutional repository, and to ascertain what, if any, cultural landscape values exist. A complex descriptive and historiographical interpretative research strategy was followed. A literature, policy and model study was conducted resulting in the main research tool being the U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service's Cultural Landscape Report (CLR). The limitation to the thesis was Part 1: Site History, Existing Conditions, Analysis and Evaluation of the CLR to the University of Pretoria's Hatfield Campus for the period 1910 to 1960. The study highlighted that the Hatfield Campus does contain tangible cultural landscape elements but very little is known or present of the intangible elements. The current political climate of the University places emphasis on equalising the cultural diversity on campuses, perhaps to the detriment of the existing cultural landscape, mainly by the naming and/or renaming of its buildings. A recommendation is that a Management and Preservation Plan encompassing both the architectural and landscape aspects be compiled to inform the future planning of the campus.
Dissertation (MLA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Architecture
MLA
Unrestricted

Cette recherche a abordé différentes manières de penser et d'agir sur le paysage des centrales hydroélectriques. Il vise à identifier comment des paysages particuliers (et compris en tant que patrimoine) sont traités dans différents cas et situations dans le monde où l’industrie des barrages s’impose et se réinvente. Pour cela, le travail reprend les concepts de paysage présents dans les débats théoriques de la géographie, mais en dialogue avec d'autres domaines, tels que les arts, la littérature ou l'ingénierie, compte tenu du potentiel de ce concept à catalyser des approches interdisciplinaires. La méthodologie proposée est basée sur l'inventaire des différents cadres (politiques, esthétiques, écologiques, éthiques) à un exercice à l'identification des particularités, mais aussi des déterminations générales qui se chevauchent l'espace habité (écoumène) face à des projets d'une telle ampleur. Ainsi, la proposition d'une mosaïque de paysages hydroélectriques destinés à évoquer la discussion entre le local et le global; exposer des scénarios critiques qui se répètent dans le monde et qui, d'un autre côté, ont permis de révéler des expériences et des sensibilités qui indiquent d'autres perspectives, peut-être plus encourageantes; Este trabalho abordou diferentes formas de pensamento e atuação sobre a paisagem das Centrais Hidrelétricas. Procurou identificar como uma paisagem tão singular (e entendida como um património) é tratada em diferentes casos e situações no mundo onde a indústria das barragens se impõe e se reinventa. O trabalho resgata conceitos de paisagem que estão presentes nos debates teóricos da geografia, mas que dialogam com outros campos, como as artes, literatura ou engenharia devido ao potencial deste conceito em catalisar abordagens interdisciplinares. A metodologia proposta baseia-se e inventários feitos em diferentes contextos (político, estético, ecológico, ético) como exercício de identificação das particularidades, mas também de determinações gerais que se sobrepõem ao espaço habitado (ecúmeno) pressionados em face de projetos de tal magnitude. Assim, a proposição de um mosaico de paisagens de hidroelétricas procurou despertar a discussão entre o local e o global, expondo cenários críticos que se repetem no mundo e que por outro lado também permitiram revelar experiências e sensibilidades que apontam para a outras perspectivas, talvez mais animadoras; Abstract: This research approached different ways of thinking and acting on landscape of Hydroelectric Power Plants. It aimed to identify how a landscape so unique (and understood as a heritage) is treated in different cases and situations in the world where the dam industry imposes and reinvents itself. For this, the work rescues concepts of landscape present in the theoretical debates of geography, but that dialogue with other fields, such as the arts, literature or engineering, given the potential of this concept to catalyze interdisciplinary approaches. The proposed methodology is based on inventories of different framework (political, aesthetic, ecological, ethical) as an exercise in the identification of particularities, but also of general determinations that overlap the inhabited space (ecumene) in the face of projects of such magnitude. Thus, the proposition of a mosaic of hydroelectric landscapes intended to awaken the discussion between the local and the global, exposing critical scenarios that are repeated in the world and that, on the other hand, also allowed to reveal experiences and sensibilities that point to other perspectives, perhaps more encouraging.

This thesis examines a design approach in landscape architecture in which cultural and historical values are reinterpreted in a contemporary urban environment. The site of this project is located in Managua's lakeside area, which was destroyed by hurricane Mitch in 1998. The lakeside area has been an attraction to Managua's residents because of its beautiful views and fresh breezes. The majority of Nicaragua's population is of indigenous descent; however, Managua's urban environment is predominantly of European influence. The pre-Columbian heritage of Nicaraguans is hidden in their cultural expressions, such as the names of places and religious rituals. This project provides a new lakeside area for Managua in which cultural identity in landscape architecture is represented in the use of the site and in a rescue of Managua's residents' pride in their pre-Columbian heritage. The lakeside renovation was planned using pre-Columbian design methodology and vocabulary to create a functional and environmentally sens~velandscape.

This thesis is a critical review of Taman Sari, Yogyakarta in particular how the Old City Planning including the Pleasure Garden which has multi functions was established in Indonesia during the ancient time ( in the past ), the development during the Dutch era, and current conditions and how the future generation should take care of the place. The discussions, analysis, synthesis and assumption were done based on the literature study, the ICOMOS Burra Charter, the China Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites, and the Indonesia Law in Cultural Heritage. In the research it has been found that Taman Sari which is located in Yogyakarta was built for several reasons and functions, such as resting area, recreation area, practicing area, traditional activities and workshops, meditation area and also defense area. One line of this research is that the use of plants which had been planted in Taman Sari area was related with the tradition, symbolism and the daily needs. As assumption in this research some plants possibly are classified as a Javanese traditional plant. A series of photographs which have been taken from different time support the analysis of this research report. At the end of the report there is a recommendation to the Indonesia Government for maintaining the cultural heritage asset value, because this could be a national valuable asset which could be handed to the future generation. Based on the Guidelines to the Burra Charter define we Cultural Significance as : .....a concept which helps in estimating the value of places. The places that are likely to be of significance are those which help an understanding of the past or enrich the present, and which will be of value to the future generations.

Alongside the destruction of habitat, the impact of invasive alien species (IAS) is considered as one of the most important threats to global biodiversity. Therefore, international directives as well as national legislation call for measures to prevent the further spread of already established IAS as well as to limit their negative effects on native flora and fauna. This study deals with one of these non-native species – the American mink (Neovison vison). In order to get information about ecology and behaviour of this semiaquatic carnivore, a small population in a north German fishpond area, where mink has been spreading since the 1970s, was investigated. During the years 2003 to 2006 data about annual and circadian activity patterns, space use, territorial system as well as feeding habits and their variations during different seasons were collected. For this purpose, altogether 14 individuals (nine males, five females) were monitored using radio-telemetry. Based on the results, the potential impact of American mink on indigenous species was discussed and implications for mink control and management were deduced. American mink are difficult to radio tag. The small difference between their head and neck circumferences mean that the radio collars must be worn tightly to prevent loss. A methodological evaluation of conventional collar transmitters revealed that in six out of eight cases serious skin injuries on the necks were the consequences. Therefore, all radio collars were removed and radio transmitters were surgically implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mink by veterinarians. One male bit open the sutures and died after emergency surgery, but in 13 cases implantation did not affect survival or reproduction of the mink. With reference to animal welfare, intraperitoneal implantation of radio transmitters (in combination with observation and quarantine for several days after operation) instead of external radio collars were recommended for long term telemetry studies of American mink. Analyses of annual activity patterns revealed significant differences in seasonal activity rates. Both sexes reduced their average activity rates in cold winter months (October to February) to about 23 %. This energy-saving strategy is possible because of sufficient food availability, especially of fish, at this time. In March, male as well as female mink considerably increased their activity to almost 40 % due to the mating season. In summer months, during the pup-raising period (May to August), female activity continued to be high (between 40 and 50 %). However, male mink which are not involved in rearing the young, were less active (about 30 %) until July. But in August and September, the time of juvenile dispersal followed by changes in the territorial system and intraspecific aggression, activity rates of males increased again up to 43 %. Circadian activity rhythms differed markedly between sexes. All investigated females exhibited a perennial diurnal pattern. Three of five investigated male mink showed typical nocturnal activity throughout the year. Two males displayed arrhythmic behaviour; they did not prefer any time of the day for activity. On the one hand, gender differences in annual as well as circadian activity patterns of American mink reflect the diversity in ecological constraints, primarily the investment into reproduction. On the other hand, the different temporal strategies of sexes may have the potential to reduce intraspecific, especially intersexual competition. Investigating territorial systems and space use of mink, in comparison to other European studies, relatively large home ranges combined with a quite low population density were observed. In summer months male mink used on average 15.4 km length of waterway and female mink used on average 9.3 km length of waterway. In accordance with the trend of activity rates, male and female mink reduced their large summer home ranges by more than half during the cold winter period. But all-season male mink used significantly larger areas than female mink. High intersexual overlapping rates of home ranges and low levels of intrasexual overlapping of neighbouring home ranges confirm intrasexual territoriality of American mink. Probably, the low population density (0.6-0.7 individuals/km2) allows such high variations in seasonal and sexual home range size. During the mating season males considerably enlarged their home ranges and roamed nearly through the entire study area in search of receptive females. The shifting of stable temporary home ranges observed within one season or between the same seasons of consecutive years demonstrates the highly dynamic nature of spatial behaviour among American mink. The recorded characteristic features of spatial and temporal behaviour should be considered when planning monitoring- and management measures of this invasive carnivore. For instance, the reduced home ranges and activity rates during winter months should be taken into account in mink trapping projects. Analyses of more than 2500 scatsamples of radio tracked mink show that investigated animals principally prey on fish, small mammals and birds (eggs inclusive). There were significant seasonal variations of diet composition. In spring, the three categories of prey - fish, mammals and birds (eggs inclusive) - were hunted in similar amounts. During summer, birds and their eggs made up the main part of the diet followed by mammals. In autumn, the proportion of birds in the mink diet decreased, whereas fish gained in importance. This trend continued during the winter period, when mink preyed almost exclusively on fish. Throughout the entire year amphibians, crustaceans, insects, molluscs and reptiles were found only occasionally in scatsamples. Among birds, the mink preyed mainly on the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra) followed by the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Mammalian prey was clearly dominated by the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) and among fish, mink hunted especially perch (Perca fluviatilis), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio). Results clearly demonstrate that mink is an opportunistic predator, which hunts its prey according to availability and vulnerability, respectively. Despite the high portions of fish in the autumn and winter diet, the economic damage to fishery caused by mink seems to be low. Perch and roach were preyed on in higher frequencies than the carp which is economically relevant. However, high predation on birds and their eggs during the breeding season indicates a potential negative impact of mink on waterfowl. To summarise, it can be noted that characteristic features of the anthropogenically influenced study area affect feeding habits, activity patterns, space use and density of local mink population. In this regard the management of fishponds, which influences seasonal availability of habitat- and food resources for mink, plays an important role. American mink is regarded as “invasive”, because a negative impact on native species has been proved by several European studies. Consequently, this study recommends management with a focus on effective monitoring and, if necessary, control or exclusion measures adapted to the specific local requirements. Furthermore, to prevent additional introductions into the wild, the still existing farms have to be protected against outbreaks and liberations. In the long term, a general ban on the trade and keeping of American mink would be desirable
Der Einfluss invasiver, gebietsfremder Arten wird neben der Habitatzerstörung als eine der größten Gefährdungen der Biodiversität weltweit angesehen. Sowohl internationale Umweltvereinbarungen als auch die nationale Gesetzgebung fordern daher Maßnahmen, die eine weitere Ausbreitung bereits etablierter invasiver Neozoen verhindern und deren negative Einflüsse minimieren. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit einer dieser Neozoen - dem Amerikanischen Nerz bzw. Mink (Neovison vison). Um Erkenntnisse zu Ökologie und Verhalten des semiaquatischen Musteliden in Deutschland zu gewinnen, wurden Daten zu tages- und jahreszeitlichen Aktivitätsmustern, zu Raumnutzung und Territorialsystem sowie zur Nahrungswahl und den jahreszeitlichen Unterschieden im Beutespektrum der Art erhoben. Dafür konnten in den Jahren 2003 bis 2006 in einem Fischteich-Gebiet in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, wo sich Minke bereits seit den 1970er Jahren etabliert haben, insgesamt 14 Individuen (neun Männchen, fünf Weibchen) radiotelemetrisch überwacht werden. Anhand der Ergebnisse wird einerseits der potentielle Einfluss des gebietsfremden Raubsäugers auf einheimische Arten abgeschätzt und diskutiert. Andererseits werden die Ergebnisse herangezogen, um effektive Monitoring- und Managementmaßnahmen abzuleiten. Eine methodische Evaluation von Halsbandsendern zeigte, dass in sechs von acht Fällen die getesteten Halsbänder, die aufgrund des sehr ähnlichen Hals-Kopf-Umfanges der Individuen relativ eng angelegt werden müssen, Hautverletzungen verursachten. Infolgedessen wurden die Halsbandsender gegen durch Tierärzte operativ in die Bauchhöhle eingesetzte Implantationssender ausgetauscht. Auch bei allen nachfolgend gefangenen Tieren wurden die Sender implantiert. Bei insgesamt 14 durchgeführten Erstimplantationen beeinflussten mit Ausnahme eines Falles (Tod durch Aufbeißen der Naht) die Implantate weder das Überleben, noch die Reproduktion der Minke. Daher ist v.a. in Hinblick auf Tierschutzaspekte die Senderimplantation (in Kombination mit einer Mehrtages-Quarantäne) anstatt der Verwendung von externen Halsbandsendern zu empfehlen. Die Analyse der circannuellen Aktivitätsmuster ergab signifikante Unterschiede der saisonalen Aktivitätsraten. Während der kalten Wintermonate (Oktober bis Februar) zeigten beide Geschlechter mit durchschnittlich etwa 23 % eine vergleichsweise geringe Aktivität. Diese energiesparende Verhaltensweise war möglich, da auch im Winter ein ausreichend hohes Nahrungsangebot, vor allem an Fisch, vorhanden war. Im März kam es sowohl bei den Männchen als auch bei den Weibchen zu einem durch die Paarungszeit verursachten, beträchtlichen Anstieg der mittleren Aktivitätsraten auf fast 40 %. In den Sommermonaten (Mai bis August) waren die weiblichen Tiere, durch die Anforderungen der Jungenaufzucht bedingt, anhaltend häufig aktiv (zwischen 40 und 50 %). Die Aktivitätsraten der nicht an der Jungenaufzucht beteiligten Männchen dagegen nahmen im April wieder ab, um bis zum Juli auf einem vergleichsweise geringen Niveau von etwa 30 % zu bleiben. Sie stiegen jedoch während der Monate August und September erneut auf etwa 43 % an. Zu dieser Zeit wandern gewöhnlich die Jungtiere ab und suchen sich ein eigenes Streifgebiet (= Aktionsraum), dadurch kommt es zu Änderungen im Territorialsystem und damit einhergehenden innerartlichen Auseinandersetzungen. Beide Geschlechter unterscheiden sich stark in ihren tageszeitlichen Aktivitätsrhythmen. Alle Weibchen waren ganzjährig tagaktiv. Von den fünf untersuchten Männchen zeigten drei typische Nachtaktivität im gesamten Jahresverlauf. Die beiden anderen männlichen Tiere verhielten sich in ihren Aktivitätsrhythmen indifferent, sie zeigten das ganze Jahr über keine Präferenzen für eine bestimmte Tageszeit. Die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede sowohl in den circannuellen als auch in den circadianen Aktivitätsmustern spiegeln zum einen die verschiedenen Anforderungen an die Geschlechter wieder, vor allem die Investitionen in die Fortpflanzung. Zum anderen können die geschlechtsspezifisch unterschiedlichen Zeitnutzungs-Strategien zu einer Minimierung der innerartlichen, vorzugsweise der intersexuellen Konkurrenz führen. Die Analyse der Telemetriedaten hinsichtlich Raumnutzung und Territorialsystem ergab im Vergleich zu anderen europäischen Studien relativ große individuelle Aktionsräume verbunden mit einer geringen Populationsdichte im Untersuchungsgebiet. So erstreckten sich die durchschnittlich genutzten Sommerstreifgebiete der Männchen auf 15,4 km und die der Weibchen auf 9,3 km Flusslauf bzw. Teichufer. Entsprechend dem Trend der saisonalen Aktivitätsmuster, reduzierten beide Geschlechter ihre großen Sommerstreifgebiete während der Winterhalbjahre um mehr als die Hälfte der Fläche. Allerdings nutzten die Männchen zu allen Jahreszeiten wesentlich größere Aktionsräume als die weiblichen Minke. Große Streifgebietsüberlappungen zwischen den Geschlechtern sowie verhältnismäßig niedrige Überlappungsraten der benachbarten Streifgebiete von Tieren des gleichen Geschlechts bestätigen die intrasexuelle Territorialität der Art. Die erheblichen Unterschiede der saisonalen und geschlechtsspezifischen Aktionsraumgrößen werden vermutlich durch die ermittelte, vergleichsweise geringe Populationsdichte (0,6-0,7 Individuen/km2) ermöglicht. Die ausgedehnte und sich fast über das gesamte Untersuchungsgebiet erstreckende Raumnutzung der Männchen während der Paarungszeit ist durch die Suche nach fortpflanzungsbereiten Weibchen bedingt. Die Raumnutzung der untersuchten Minke unterliegt einer hohen Dynamik, dies wird durch die häufige räumliche Verschiebung temporär stabiler Streifgebiete innerhalb einer Jahreszeit oder auch zwischen den gleichen Jahreszeiten aufeinanderfolgender Jahre verdeutlicht. All diese ermittelten charakteristischen Besonderheiten im Raum-Zeit-Verhalten der Art sollten bei der Entwicklung von Monitoring- und Managementkonzepten berücksichtigt werden. So müssen beispielsweise bei der Fallenjagd im Winter die zu dieser Zeit stark verkleinerten Streifgebiete und die reduzierten Aktivitätsraten Beachtung finden. Die Analyse der über 2500 Losungsproben telemetrierter Minke zeigte, dass sich die untersuchten Tiere hauptsächlich von Fisch, Kleinsäugern und Vögeln (inklusive deren Eiern) ernährten. Dabei traten allerdings signifikante saisonale Unterschiede in der Nahrungs-zusammensetzung auf. So wurden im Frühjahr die drei Beutekategorien Fisch, Kleinsäuger sowie Vögel und deren Eier in ähnlichen Anteilen erbeutet. Während des Sommers bildeten Vögel und Vogeleier die Hauptbeute, gefolgt von Kleinsäugern. Im Herbst verringerte sich der Vogel- und Kleinsäugeranteil im Beutespektrum zugunsten von Fisch. Dieser Trend setzte sich bis in den Winter fort; in dieser Jahreszeit ernährten sich die Minke fast ausschließlich von Fisch. Amphibien, Reptilien, Krebstiere, Insekten und Mollusken wurden im gesamten Jahresverlauf nur gelegentlich gefressen. Innerhalb der Gruppe der Vögel prädierten die Minke vor allem Blässhühner (Fulica atra), gefolgt von Stockenten (Anas platyrhynchos). Das Kleinsäuger-Beutespektrum wurde eindeutig von der Schermaus (Arvicola terrestris) dominiert und unter den Fischen erbeuteten die Minke vorzugsweise Flussbarsche (Perca fluviatilis), Plötzen (Rutilus rutilus) und Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio). Die Ergebnisse der Nahrungsanalyse bestätigen den Mink als einen opportunistischen Prädator, der seine Beutetiere je nach Verfügbarkeit bzw. dem erforderlichen Jagdaufwand nutzt. Trotz des hohen Fischanteils in der Herbst- und Winternahrung ist der durch den Mink verursachte ökonomische Schaden schätzungsweise relativ gering. Flussbarsch und Plötze wurden in höheren Frequenzanteilen erbeutet als der wirtschaftlich relevante Karpfen. Die starke Prädation von Wasservögeln und deren Eiern besonders in den Frühjahrs- und Sommermonaten weist allerdings auf einen potentiell negativen Einfluss des invasiven Raubsäugers auf diese Tiergruppe hin. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass die spezifischen Charakteristika des anthropogen geprägten Untersuchungsgebietes sowohl Nahrungsökologie und Aktivitätsmuster als auch Raumnutzung und Populationsdichte der lokalen Minkpopulation beeinflussen. Eine besondere Rolle hierbei spielt die Bewirtschaftung der Fischteiche, denn vor allem daraus resultiert für die Minke eine saisonal unterschiedliche Verfügbarkeit an Lebensraum und Nahrung. Negative Auswirkungen des Amerikanischen Nerzes auf die einheimische Tierwelt wurden in anderen europäischen Ländern belegt und rechtfertigen die Einstufung dieser Art als „invasiv“. Demzufolge wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Management empfohlen, bei dem der Focus auf einem effektiven Monitoring und gegebenenfalls auf zweckmäßigen, an die lokalen Bedingungen angepassten Fang- oder Abwehrmaßnahmen liegt. Zudem sollten, um einer weiteren Ausbringung in das Freiland vorzubeugen, die wenigen noch existierenden Minkfarmen besser gegen Ausbrüche bzw. Freilassungsaktionen gesichert werden. Langfristig ist ein generelles Besitz- und Vermarktungsverbot für die Art wünschenswert

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université de Montréal, 2002.
"NQ-73476." "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de doctorat en anthropologie." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.

Abstract: New Orleans, Baltimore, and Charlottesville are reevaluating the presence of Confederate statues in their built environment. Known as the Capital of the Confederacy, Richmond’s cultural landscape is visible through the connection of two historical spaces, Monument Avenue and Shockoe Bottom. Both serve as a powerful case study for how the commemorative narrative of these spaces is contested today and how barriers that exist influence urban planning processes and outcomes.

This study depicts the changing landscape of Western Australia's Yanchep National Park as it has evolved in response to natural processes and human activities. The study also serves to evaluate the level of input Indigenous people have in the management of Australian natural and cultural heritage. The Park was examined by utilising a methodology that combined a cultural geography approach with Structuration Theory. Yanchep National Park is highly suited to this type of investigation because of its close proximity to a major urban centre ( Perth ) and because of the importance of the area to Indigenous people, resulting in a highly visible cultural heritage within the Park.

The thesis is an investigation of global exploitation of nature, use of productive landscapes and itsremaining structures as the cultural historical environment. The further aim has been to seek analternative approach against a large-scale utilization of the environment through an elaborativeprocess of an architectural intervention, combining public space and local production. The thesisbackground is exploring the human activities and outcomes in exploited landscapes and is departingfrom the issue of an anthropocentric approach toward the environment. Further on, it analyzesdifferent mindset on natural resources in relation to the building of civilization and society, the ruralcontra the urban. Against the background of a linear withdrawal of resources and in the long-termlandscape productive decline, the aim is to prototype a productive infrastructure that works in acyclical manner, re-using energy and being less dependent on resources at a large-scale. Departingfrom the regional environment in Umeå and its traditional agricultural and former industrial use ofthe landscape, the intervention is tested by considering the principles of sustained life by theimmediate landscape. The aim has been to analyze and translate principles at the scale of landscape,farm and unit into a reproducible, productive infrastructure that harvest energy from recreation,cultivation, production and the condition of the topography.

In our increasingly complex and interactive world, it becomes ever more difficult to isolate and map the cultural identity of any given region, as bounded and contained cultural places have become a rare occurrence. To further complicate the matter, perspectives, loyalties, and identities shift with time, and appear to shift with circumstance. While cultural conflict per se was not the subject of this study, the ability to quantify differing cultural profiles in one location relative to another may be the beginning of the development of a tool for assessing degrees of difference in neighboring regions, and thus diagnosing the potential for conflict escalation. The Compass System, a holistic model that uses eight archetypal categories to observe and evaluate complex systems, was used for this study. In this exploratory study, 33 restaurants in 5 cities in Chile were rated in these eight categories as perceived by a team of outsider observers. The predominant qualities of each city sampled, determined solely from the sampling of its restaurants, did match, in a general sense, qualities of the city that were otherwise observable. This matching indicates that a tool such as the Compass System can be used to gather a collective regional profile from small sampling, such as an area’s restaurants. Potential uses for further research and development could include conflict management and assessing risk for social instability or escalation of violence.

The National Football League is more than just the most popular sports league in America. Dominant American discourses that surround American patriotism and popular culture have a parallel in the NFL. This parallel is due to the fact that football is a game uniquely rooted and structured like war. Additionally, many products of the American neo-liberal era are flourishing on the NFL stage. These products include: corporatism, commercialization, consumer culture, and aggressive competition. The violent nature of the game invites notions of militarism and war that fit seamlessly with the game’s identity. Militarism, being a symbol that protects the nation, fits perfectly with an American civil religion that is largely devoted to Reagan’s ideal redemptive America. The NFL, through active and skillful branding, has meshed its identity with foundational aspects of American identity. Now the NFL has to navigate through the popular and traditional logics that are ingrained in American society while maintaining their business.

Includes bibliographical references.
Table Mountain is an inherently physical and natural landscape that also holds deep cultural meaning, symbolism and value for generations of Capetonians, past and present. The first detailed accounts and artistic representations of Table Mountain come from the early European discoverers, sailors and colonists who travelled to the Cape. These visitors, prejudiced by imperial rhetoric, were polarised in their perceptions of the Mountain between those who viewed it as a heavenly paradise and others who considered it a hellish purgatory. When science and logic eventually subdued the myths and mysteries associated with the ‘Dark Continent’ of Africa the polarised conception of Table Mountain’s cultural landscape was transformed into one of savagery and opportunity. indeed, from the sixteenth to eighteenth century, Table Mountain was effectively a microcosm for European attitudes, assumptions and evaluations of Africa. In the 1990’s Table Mountain's cultural meaning is still divided between those who seek to conserve and preserve its natural and spiritual integrity and those who believe that utilising the Mountain’s landscape as a material asset is the best means for ensuring and justifying its survival. A post-modern perspective highlights the broad range of economic, spiritual, ecological and community based values the Mountain holds for Capetonians and South Africans in general. Set against this viewpoint, Table Mountain, under the structured management of South Africa National Parks, is increasingly becoming a modernist cultural landscape governed by principles of universality, order and control. The ideological clashes that arise from these contrasting interpretations of the Mountain result in the defining characteristic of Table Mountain’s cultural landscape in the 1990’s being one of conflict and reproach. Ultimately by marrying the local and nationalised concepts within the South African landscape tradition to the broader frameworks of landscape study in wider geography, this thesis formulates an eclectic approach to studying a deeply meaningful and complex cultural landscape.

As people are relocated, dispossessed of land, or experience the altered landscapes of modernity, so their way of life, values, beliefs and understandings are transformed. For the !Kun and Khwe people living on Platfontein this has been an ongoing process. Platfontein, a dry, flat piece of land near Kimberly in the Northern Cape, was purchased for the Kun and Khwe through the provision of a government grant in 1997. They took permanent residence there in government-built housing in December 2003. Prior to this they had had numerous experiences of relocation and strife, through a long-term involvement with the SADF that brought them from the Omega army base in Namibia, to a time of uncertainty in the tent town of Schmitsdrift, to their current settlement on Platfontein. The dry barren landscape of Platfontein suggests a very different way of life from that of hunter-gathering in Angola and Namibia. In the semi-urban context of Platfontein, basic sustenance and entry into the job market are emphasized, and this brings about changes in people's way of life and understandings, as well as in how they relate to each other and the landscape. In this context, there are certain tensions and contradictions that underlie the work of social development and cultural heritage that are the mandates of SASI (South African San Institute) in Platfontein. It is essential that projects initiated by NGOs like SASI give cognizance to the complexities of people's lives, histories and story lines. Without this, people's experiences and multifaceted stories are inevitably sidelined to create essentialist narratives that meet the imaginings of tourists and sponsors. There is no doubt that SASI works from an intention of bringing about positive transformation in Platfontein, and has done useful work in the community. The essentialist discourse of the 'indigenous', however, is a ready temptation for NGOs and the groups they represent to adopt, as it is politically expedient to do so in order to gain access to land and resources. This needs to be challenged at the level of policy so that access to geographical space or political power does not necessitate a denial of history or complexity.

xv, 155 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This thesis provides new ways to understand preservation theory and management objectives for industrial heritage sites by analyzing existing mechanisms for their preservation through values and practices associated with cultural landscape preservation. In addition to discussing the theory and development of existing preservation approaches to cultural landscapes and industrial heritage sites, the study identifies characteristics and values aimed at expanding the framework of historic industrial landscape preservation practice. Using case studies of western hard-rock mining landscapes as the primary examples, the study argues that management strategies based on traditional preservation practices are insufficient for interpreting the complexity of these historic places, and that historic industrial landscape preservation is best served by attending to the range of values and processes associated with the historic landscape and its protection.
Committee in Charge: Robert Z. Melnick, Chair; Mark Davison

Considering the cultural tourism, landscape, heritage, technology, and design theory multi-discipline crossing my dissertation is conceived into main five parts: Question thinking up: introduce related research and program background, think up some opening questions regarding what landscape architects can do, facing the hybrid of technology and web, for cultural heritage tourism, and nowadays how we perceive our places. Then citing some classical theory of psychology, tourism, landscape, and heritage to be clear what is cultural heritage tourism. In the third part, by the foothold of “transparency” to discuss that architecture transparency links to the space transparency & media transparency, perception transparency, so discuss today’s involving technology: GIS, Locative media, Database, any other Sensors for ordering present trends of new media and peoples changing ways of life. And then, by old-new media comparison, also of perspective of “public place – itinerary – theme park”, analysis human being development history how to pass the distanced way of appreciate landscape. Lastly, propose today, striding into era of Web 3.0, how we consider to change or try another landscape perception to arouse our memory on cultural heritage, foreseeing the value of territory. This dissertation is on the background of program “HI+”, using ICT (information computer technology) for probing any possibilities for territory brand development between towns of “Settimo Torinese – Casale Monferrato” in Italy.

Tangible and intangible heritage values of cultural landscapes are becoming lost or transforming under the threat of rapidly changing landscapes. Researcher-oriented documenting methods are missing significant meanings of landscapes for local communities. Community-based methods can reveal both tangible and intangible heritage of landscapes without missing important values for local communities. This dissertation study proposed a community-based mixed method research to reveal and document cultural heritage or other values from the perspective of local community members in the case study area of Findikli in Rize/Turkey. Findikli's cultural landscape is under the threat of rapidly changing landscape due to newly introduced agriculture practice - tea production. To reveal lost or transformed tangible and intangible heritage meanings of the Findikli's cultural landscape, multiple community-based research methods were used for collecting data from local residents as well as those with family or community connections to the area. Community workshops, individual and group interviews, and surveys gathered information on the social and cultural relationships, as well as locations of past and present agricultural activities, land uses and built structures. Analysis of family and community photographs and aerial imagery, as well as community produced land use and cognitive maps helped place these in spatial relationship to the landscape. Results of this dissertation study made contributions to case study area with a rich archive of Findikli's traditional tangible and intangible landscape elements, and to cultural landscape studies with a method of discovering traditional cultural heritage and landscape values under the threat of change and a guidance to document them with the community-based methods to increase quality and quantity of information.
Ph. D.