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1
Possas, Hiran De Moura, i Bernardo Tomchinsky. "Territorial Expropriation, Pandemic, and Resistance". Anthropologica 42, nr 52 (18.06.2024): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/anthropologica.202401.002.
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In the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous peoples in the southeast of Pará faced, among many emergencies, the worsening of territorial violations and precarious health care and education, without depriving them of resilience to frontier capitalism in the region. The information obtained through interviews with indigenous leaders, consultation of official data and those published by the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB), as well as field notes on the performance of the Mutual Support Network to Indigenous Peoples of Southeastern Brazil Pará, highlights the strategic use of the territory for isolation and resurgence of cultural practices, and the formulation of policies to resist the systemic crises aggravated by the fascist national government of the period.
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Gonçalves, Carlos. "PERSPETIVAS SOBRE RESILIÊNCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTÊNCIA FLUXÍVEL, INTERDEPENDÊNCIA SISTÉMICA, ADAPTABILIDADE EVOLUTIVA". GEOgraphia 20, nr 43 (16.10.2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia.v20i43.914.
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Num quadro, em que a propagação das incertezas se mistura com a falência de abordagens espartilhadas ao desenvolvimento das sociedades e com o crescimento das interações (nem sempre correspondendo a integrações) que impactam no devir dos territórios, os estudos territoriais que adotam o referencial da resiliência ganham crescente centralidade. Esta abordagem traz contributos novos para equacionar oportunidades de desenvolvimento sustentável injetando-lhes a importância de se considerar o carater dinâmico, os efeitos de boomerang, os fatores de vulnerabilidade endógenos e exógenos que aproximam ou que afastam os territórios de contextos de crises de origem ambiental, social, económica, política, cultural. Este artigo procura clarificar três abordagens à resiliência territorial impulsionando a sua adoção nos estudos de desenvolvimento territorial e nas consequentes soluções de planeamento que deles decorram. Aborda-se a resiliência territorial pela perspetiva da resistência. Discutem-se os princípios que colocam o foco na adaptabilidade para, por fim, se empreender uma aproximação á resiliência evolutiva. Com esta cadência, procuramos situar a evolução do paradigma da resiliência e enquadrar a sua apropriação pelas disciplinas que se ocupam do desenvolvimento e do planeamento territorial. Optamos por não excluir nenhuma das perspetivas. Pelo contrário, o aprofundamento de que têm sido objeto, no qual se inscreve este contributo, sugere que se potenciem combinações qualificadoras da reflexão sobre o progresso dos territórios, sem se desconsiderarem as incertezas, as crises, os choques e as demais disfuncionalidades que permanentemente os desafiam.Palavras-chave: Resiliência Territorial. Resiliência Pró-resistência. Resiliência Adaptativa. Resiliência Evolutiva. Equilíbrio. Ciclo Adaptativo. PERSPECTIVES ON TERRITORIAL RESILIENCE: FLEXIBLE RESISTANCE, SYSTEMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTABILITY Abstract: In a context where the uncertainties propagation blend with the failure of approaches that are constrained to the societies development and where the interactions growth (that doesn’t always corresponds to integrations) creating constrains to the territory’s future, studies adopting the resilience paradigm earn a growing centrality. This approach brings new contributions to equate sustainable development opportunities injecting in them the importance of having in consideration the dynamic perspective, the feedback effects, the endogenous and exogenous vulnerability factors that make the territories be closer or distant from crises contexts with environmental, social, economic, political or cultural origin. This article seeks to clarify three territorial resilience approaches, furthering its adoption in territorial development studies and in the consequent planning solutions that derive from them. It is approached the territorial resilience by the resistance point of view. It is discussed the principles that put the focus on adaptability in order to, finally, undertake an approximation to the evolutionary resilience. This approach corresponds, in a certain way, to the evolution of the resilience paradigm until its appropriation by the disciplines that are concerned with the development and territorial planning.It is not correct to eliminate any of the three viewpoints. On the contrary, the deepening of that have been the object, where this contribution is placed, potentiates qualifying thinking combinations on urban and regional progress without losing consideration for uncertainties, crises, shocks and other malfunctions that, permanently, challenge them.Keywords: Territorial Resilience. Pro-resistance Resilience. Adaptive Resilience. Evolutionary Resilience. Equilibrium. Adaptive Cycle. PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE LA RESILIENCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTENCIA FLUIDA, INTERDEPENDENCIA SISTÉMICA Y ADAPTABILIDADResumen: En un marco en el que la propagación de la incertidumbre se mezcla con la quiebra de enfoques compartidos en el desarrollo de las sociedades y con el aumento de interacciones (y no siempre de integraciones) que impactan en el devenir de los territorios, están aumentando los estudios territoriales que adoptan como referencia la resiliencia. Este enfoque aporta nuevas contribuciones para equiparar las oportunidades de desarrollo sostenible teniendo en cuenta la importancia de considerar el carácter dinámico, los efectos boomerang, así como los factores endógenos y exógenos de vulnerabilidad que acercan o alejan las áreas de contextos de crisis de origen ambiental, social, económico, político y cultural.Este artículo clarifica tres enfoques de la resiliencia territorial con el objetivo de impulsar su adopción en los estudios de desarrollo territorial y en las soluciones de planificación derivadas. La resiliencia territorial se aborda desde la perspectiva de la resistencia, discutimos los principios que se centran en la adaptabilidad y presentamos una aproximación a la resiliencia evolutiva. Esta cadencia corresponde, en cierto modo, a la evolución del paradigma de la resiliencia en las disciplinas centradas en el desarrollo y la planificación territorial. Ninguna de las perspectivas debería excluirse. Por el contrario, la profundización de la que viene siendo objeto y en la cual se enmarca esta contribución, potencia combinaciones cualificadas de reflexión sobre el progreso de los territorios sin dejar de lado la incertidumbre, las crisis, los choques, así como el resto de disfunciones en constante desafío.Palabras-clave: Resiliencia territorial. Resiliencia pro-resistencia; resiliencia adaptativa; resiliencia evolutiva; equilibrio; ciclo adaptativo.
3
Gonçalves, Carlos. "PERSPETIVAS SOBRE RESILIÊNCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTÊNCIA FLUXÍVEL, INTERDEPENDÊNCIA SISTÉMICA, ADAPTABILIDADE EVOLUTIVA". GEOgraphia 20, nr 43 (16.10.2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2018.v20i43.a27210.
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Num quadro, em que a propagação das incertezas se mistura com a falência de abordagens espartilhadas ao desenvolvimento das sociedades e com o crescimento das interações (nem sempre correspondendo a integrações) que impactam no devir dos territórios, os estudos territoriais que adotam o referencial da resiliência ganham crescente centralidade. Esta abordagem traz contributos novos para equacionar oportunidades de desenvolvimento sustentável injetando-lhes a importância de se considerar o carater dinâmico, os efeitos de boomerang, os fatores de vulnerabilidade endógenos e exógenos que aproximam ou que afastam os territórios de contextos de crises de origem ambiental, social, económica, política, cultural. Este artigo procura clarificar três abordagens à resiliência territorial impulsionando a sua adoção nos estudos de desenvolvimento territorial e nas consequentes soluções de planeamento que deles decorram. Aborda-se a resiliência territorial pela perspetiva da resistência. Discutem-se os princípios que colocam o foco na adaptabilidade para, por fim, se empreender uma aproximação á resiliência evolutiva. Com esta cadência, procuramos situar a evolução do paradigma da resiliência e enquadrar a sua apropriação pelas disciplinas que se ocupam do desenvolvimento e do planeamento territorial. Optamos por não excluir nenhuma das perspetivas. Pelo contrário, o aprofundamento de que têm sido objeto, no qual se inscreve este contributo, sugere que se potenciem combinações qualificadoras da reflexão sobre o progresso dos territórios, sem se desconsiderarem as incertezas, as crises, os choques e as demais disfuncionalidades que permanentemente os desafiam.Palavras-chave: Resiliência Territorial. Resiliência Pró-resistência. Resiliência Adaptativa. Resiliência Evolutiva. Equilíbrio. Ciclo Adaptativo. PERSPECTIVES ON TERRITORIAL RESILIENCE: FLEXIBLE RESISTANCE, SYSTEMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTABILITY Abstract: In a context where the uncertainties propagation blend with the failure of approaches that are constrained to the societies development and where the interactions growth (that doesn’t always corresponds to integrations) creating constrains to the territory’s future, studies adopting the resilience paradigm earn a growing centrality. This approach brings new contributions to equate sustainable development opportunities injecting in them the importance of having in consideration the dynamic perspective, the feedback effects, the endogenous and exogenous vulnerability factors that make the territories be closer or distant from crises contexts with environmental, social, economic, political or cultural origin. This article seeks to clarify three territorial resilience approaches, furthering its adoption in territorial development studies and in the consequent planning solutions that derive from them. It is approached the territorial resilience by the resistance point of view. It is discussed the principles that put the focus on adaptability in order to, finally, undertake an approximation to the evolutionary resilience. This approach corresponds, in a certain way, to the evolution of the resilience paradigm until its appropriation by the disciplines that are concerned with the development and territorial planning.It is not correct to eliminate any of the three viewpoints. On the contrary, the deepening of that have been the object, where this contribution is placed, potentiates qualifying thinking combinations on urban and regional progress without losing consideration for uncertainties, crises, shocks and other malfunctions that, permanently, challenge them.Keywords: Territorial Resilience. Pro-resistance Resilience. Adaptive Resilience. Evolutionary Resilience. Equilibrium. Adaptive Cycle. PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE LA RESILIENCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTENCIA FLUIDA, INTERDEPENDENCIA SISTÉMICA Y ADAPTABILIDADResumen: En un marco en el que la propagación de la incertidumbre se mezcla con la quiebra de enfoques compartidos en el desarrollo de las sociedades y con el aumento de interacciones (y no siempre de integraciones) que impactan en el devenir de los territorios, están aumentando los estudios territoriales que adoptan como referencia la resiliencia. Este enfoque aporta nuevas contribuciones para equiparar las oportunidades de desarrollo sostenible teniendo en cuenta la importancia de considerar el carácter dinámico, los efectos boomerang, así como los factores endógenos y exógenos de vulnerabilidad que acercan o alejan las áreas de contextos de crisis de origen ambiental, social, económico, político y cultural.Este artículo clarifica tres enfoques de la resiliencia territorial con el objetivo de impulsar su adopción en los estudios de desarrollo territorial y en las soluciones de planificación derivadas. La resiliencia territorial se aborda desde la perspectiva de la resistencia, discutimos los principios que se centran en la adaptabilidad y presentamos una aproximación a la resiliencia evolutiva. Esta cadencia corresponde, en cierto modo, a la evolución del paradigma de la resiliencia en las disciplinas centradas en el desarrollo y la planificación territorial. Ninguna de las perspectivas debería excluirse. Por el contrario, la profundización de la que viene siendo objeto y en la cual se enmarca esta contribución, potencia combinaciones cualificadas de reflexión sobre el progreso de los territorios sin dejar de lado la incertidumbre, las crisis, los choques, así como el resto de disfunciones en constante desafío.Palabras-clave: Resiliencia territorial. Resiliencia pro-resistencia; resiliencia adaptativa; resiliencia evolutiva; equilibrio; ciclo adaptativo.
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Martínez Coria, Ramón, i Jesús Armando Haro Encinas. "DERECHOS TERRITORIALES Y PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN MÉXICO: UNA LUCHA POR LA SOBERANÍA Y LA NACIÓN". Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 10, nr 19 (1.06.2015): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2015.19.52.
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El planteamiento enfoca la situación que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas de México en relación con los procesos de despojo territorial y desplazamiento forzado de poblaciones por los intereses privados, así como el impacto de estos procesos en la supervivencia de sus comunidades y la continuidad de sus patrimonios bioculturales. Buscamos hacer un recuento de los avances y limitaciones de nuestra legislación en el reconocimiento de sus derechos colectivos territoriales específicos, de acuerdo con los estándares internacionales signados por el Estado mexicano, así como su contraste con la aprobación de reformas neoliberales que atentan contra sus territorios y formas culturales, describiendo la emergencia de movimientos de lucha por la justiciabilidad de sus derechos políticos colectivos y de resistencia contra la corrupción generalizada de funcionarios y la privatización de tierras y recursos naturales.
TERRITORIAL RIGHTS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN MEXICO: A STRUGGLE FOR SOVEREIGNTY AND NATIONHOOD
This article focuses on the situation faced by indigenous peoples in Mexico with regard to processes of territorial dispossession and forced displacement of populations in response to private interests, as well as the impact these processes have on the survival of indigenous communities and the continuity of their biocultural heritage. This article aims to report on the advances and limitations of Mexican law in recognizing specific collective territorial rights following the international standards signed by the Mexican State. These rights are also contrasted with the approved neoliberal reforms, which are an attempt against indigenous territories and cultural forms. It describes the emergence of movements that struggle for the justiciability of their collective political rights and the resistance to generalized corruption among public officials and the privatization of land and natural resources.
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Peria, Pedro Vianna Godinho. "Mediação Cultural à Contrapelo: la acción de la Comunidad Cultural Quilombaque en el ámbito del Patrimonio Cultural". PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 22, nr 2 (2024): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2024.22.024.
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The article presents an interpretation of the actions for valorisation of cultural heritage mobilized by the political‐cultural collective Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque. Active in the neighborhood of Perus, in the northwestern area of the Municipality of São Paulo, since 2005, Quilombaque shows itself to be a pole of agglutination of various artistic and political manifestations and of other groups in the territory. In the field of Cultural Heritage, through the consolidation of the Territorial Museum Tekoa Jopo’i and the Queixadas Agency, they have developed a trail of trails that go through the heritage of the people of the neighborhood. In relation specifically to their work in the field of Memory, it is posited that the Museum and the territory are confused, as they transform the territory itself into a museum, while the Agency’s tourism is carried out under the sign of resistance. The symbolic mediation promoted by the Museum’s educators brings out narratives of struggle eclipsed by official cultural heritage policies.
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Borysenko, V. K. "TERRITORIAL IDENTITY OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE: ESSENCE AND THE MAIN FACTORS OF FORMATION". Ukrainian geographical journal 2024, nr 2 (31.07.2024): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ugz2024.02.043.
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The main factors in forming the local forms of national identity and the influence of socio-cultural circumstances and such important features as common territory, nature, culture, space, group, kin, self-identity, religious affiliation, family, worldview, symbols, etc., are revealed. Various types of identity, the main factors of their formation, and the change of mental characteristics under the influence of the war disaster are analyzed. It shows how important worldview and cultural factors are in developing national identity, the negative impact of forced assimilation of the population, and manifestations of resistance to aggression and wrongdoing, which leads to the activation and change of national identity.
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Conceição, Francilene Sales da, Alyson Fernando Alves Ribeiro i Ricardo Gilson Costa Silva. "(DES)ENCONTROS ENTRE A ESTRADA E O RIO: O CASO DA GLEBA DA BOTA NO OESTE DA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE ((DES)ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN THE ROAD AND THE RIVER: GLEBA DA BOTA CASE IN THE WEST OF PARA’S AMAZON)". Revista GeoNordeste, nr 1 (5.07.2019): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33360/rgn.2318-2695.2019.i1p6-25.
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RESUMO:O avanço do agronegócio na região oeste do Pará tem produzido novos conflitos agrário-territoriais para o campesinato-agroextrativista, acirrando a problemática da terra e das disputas por territórios. O artigo analisa a situação fundiária e as dinâmicas socioterritoriais da Área Federal da Gleba da Bota, localizada no município de Belterra. A metodologia adotada assenta-se na abordagem qualitativa e cartográfica, trabalho de campo, entrevista e diálogos com instituições públicas e comunidades rurais afetadas pela monocultura da soja. Como resultado tem-se os conflitos entre os agentes hegemônicos e as comunidades rurais dos projetos de assentamentos, indicando a expropriação e grilagem de terras públicas pelo agronegócio e as resistências do campesinato-agroextrativista, com o fortalecimento das territorialidades camponesas e a defesa dos territórios culturais, de trabalho familiar e comunitário, exposto na síntese entre a geografia da estrada com a geografia dos rios.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; Território; Campesinato; Agronegócio; Espaço Agrário.ABSTRACT:The advance of agribusiness in the western Pará has produced new agrarian-territorial conflicts for the peasantry-agroextractivist, aggravating the problems of land and disputes over territories. The article analyzes the socio-territorial situation and dynamics of the Federal Area of Gleba da Bota, located in the municipality of Belterra. The methodology adopted is based on the qualitative and cartographic approach, field work, interviews and dialogues with public institutions and rural communities affected by soy monoculture. As a result, there are conflicts between hegemonic agents and rural communities in settlement projects, indicating the expropriation and spoil of public lands by agribusiness and the resistance of the peasantry-agroextractivist, with the strengthening of peasant territorialities and the defense of cultural territories , of family and community patterns of work, exposed in the synthesis between the geography of the road and the geography of the rivers.Keywords: Amazon. Territory; Peasantry Agribusiness; Agrarian Space.
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Stepanyuk, Andriy, i Romana Kiuntsli. "SPATIAL PLANNING OF TERRITORIES AS A NEW TYPE OF URBAN PLANNING ACTIVITY. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS". Architectural Bulletin of KNUCA, nr 22-23 (12.12.2021): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2519-8661.2021.22-23.95-101.
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Administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine is coming to an end. In the socio-economic life of the country, this reform contributed to the establishment of local self-government, in urban planning activities began spatial planning, the main task of which is the development of comprehensive plans for spatial development of the territories of united territorial communities.
According to the current legislation, the main subject of local self-government in Ukraine is a united territorial community. Adoption of the Law 711-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Land Use Planning" provides for the development of special urban planning documentation, which extends its effect to the community, which in turn allows the united territorial community to determine the planning and development of its own territory. Law 711-IX also introduces a new type of urban planning documentation - a comprehensive plan for the spatial development of the territory of the united territorial community. In order to successfully implement this project, it is necessary to assess all the challenges and risks in the field of administrative services, medicine, education, road and engineering infrastructure, environmental protection and cultural heritage when drawing up a community spatial development plan in modern conditions.
The main problem in drawing up comprehensive plans is the spatial organization of agricultural areas and the interests of the peasant farmer, a representative of the middle class, whose opinion should be taken into account through surveys and analysis of his social and industrial activities, including taking into account his domestic and economic interests.
When drawing up comprehensive spatial development plans, the project team should involve community specialists (architect, land surveyor), as well as community proxies (priests, teachers) who know regional issues, history and traditional crafts of the territories and will defend their development. As many community residents as possible should participate in the discussion and approval of project proposals for a comprehensive plan, in order to prevent resistance and understand the need to implement it.
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Perrotta, Davide. "Il Chaco Salteño. Specificità e fragilità del sistema territoriale indigeno". Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 152 (1.11.2022): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/aae-2366.
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The Chaco Salteño is a region in northwest Argentina of great ecological and anthropological interest. Starting from the second half of the nineteenth century, the area underwent a progressive process of land exploitation, with serious ecological and social consequences. Given the low population density, large-scale industrial systems such as intensive livestock farms, monocultures and oil wells met little resistance and proliferated rapidly causing massive deforestation. As a result the habitat of the different ethnic groups inhabiting the region was radically altered. The indigenous territorial system, based on a strong harmonious relationship between society and nature was disrupted. The damage was not only to the material conditions of life, but above all to the ability to hand down and preserve their cultural identity. It was only since the beginning of the 2000s, after decades of exploitation, that legislation attempted to halt the process of extractivism and guarantee land rights to the people who have inhabited these territories since pre-Columbian times. The goals tbe research reported here was to analyze the consequences of environmental alterations on the current indigenous territorial systems. The specificities of the territorial dynamics of the indigenous world within the question of development linked to local resources could lead to important reflections on contemporary settlement patterns, especially in times of adverse social and climatic changes.
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Gorbatiuk, Mykola. "The decentralization reform in Ukraine: problems of implementation in a social crisis". Political Studies, nr 1 (2021): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53317/2786-4774-2021-1-2.
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In the article, key challenges and problems that arose during the implementation of local self-government reform and financial decentralization in Ukraine were analyzed and systematized, in particular: poor communication between government and citizens; inconsistent power sharing between local self-government bodies and executive bodies as well as between councils of the united territorial communities and district state administrations and district councils; ensuring the capacity of formed communities; low quality of local government staff; inefficient use of financial resources. Factors that were behind the resistance of local communities to reform or a passive attitude to the creation of united territorial communities were identified and studied, namely: economic (expectations of reduced financial capacity of the community due to unification), socio-cultural (ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural differences between residents of neighboring communities), psychological (distrust of central and local government, fear of reduction of social facilities, decline and disappearance of peripheral villages and towns, strengthening local elites), geographical (deterioration of access to service centers), and environmental (efforts of community residents to avoid the transfer of harmful industries to their own territory). The geographical unevenness of the pace of the process of unification of territorial communities in the course of decentralization has been associated with the position of political actors at different levels − central, regional, subregional and local. According to the type of attitude of the regional leadership to decentralization, three groups of regions were identified: those supporting the reform, and those who passively or actively resisted the change. The main reasons and forms of resistance of district councils and district state administrations to the decentralization reform have been clarified, the motives of actions of local political actors explained. Key words: decentralization, local self-government, local self-government bodies, united territorial community, social crisis.
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Yuan, Mingming. "Submission and resistance in the English linguistic landscape of Chaoshan". English Today 35, nr 2 (19.07.2018): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078418000214.
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Linguistic landscape (LL), a concept which first emerged in the field of language planning, refers to ‘[t]he language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings' (Landry & Bourhis, 1997: 25). There are two functions attached to the linguistic landscape of a given territory: an informational function and a symbolic function. The informational function serves to inform people of ‘the linguistic characteristics, territorial limits and language boundaries' of a specific region; whereas the symbolic function serves as an indicator of the status, power relations, and cultural identity of the inhabitants, affecting how individuals feel about their community (Landry & Bourhis, 1997).
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Jackson, Lucy, i Gill Valentine. "Performing “Moral Resistance”? Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Activism in Public Space". Space and Culture 20, nr 2 (10.04.2017): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331217697142.
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This article focuses on acts of resistance regarding reproductive politics in contemporary Britain. Drawing on empirical research this article investigates grassroots activism around a complex moral, social, and political problem. This article therefore focuses on a site of resistance in everyday urban environments, investigating the practice and performance involved. Identifying specifically the territory(ies) and territorialities of these specific sites of resistance, this article looks at how opposing groups negotiate conflict in public space in territorial, as well as habitual, ways. Second, the article focuses on questions around the impact, distinction, and novelty both in the immediate and long term of these acts of resistance for those in public space. Here, then, the focus shifts to the reactions to this particular form of protest and questions the “acceptability” of specific resistances in the public imaginary.
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Ulloa, Astrid. "The rights of the Wayúu people and water in the context of mining in La Guajira, Colombia: demands of relational water justice". Human Geography 13, nr 1 (marzec 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620910894.
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This article addresses how water is being represented and positioned by Wayúu people in order to claim and defend water’s territorial rights against the expansion of the Cerrejón coal mine, in La Guajira, Colombia. In a semidesertic region in Colombia, Cerrejón (the largest open-pit coal mine in Colombia and Latin America, and the 10th biggest in the world) has created environmental inequalities and control and infrastructure arrangements that transform local water dynamics, affecting Wayúu people in a differentiated way. Cerrejón has intervened the territory technically and environmentally, affecting the river Ranchería and its water streams, which has dispossessed and transformed Wayúu peoples’ cultural and daily relationships with water’s territories. In response, the organization Fuerza de Mujeres Wayúu (FMW) has not only proposed water defense strategies and resistance against mining, but also opened debates about water’s territories and water’s rights. For the FMW the defense of water’s territories (sacred places in which the spirits of water inhabit) implies that Wayúu territories and water are in an embedded relationship which is not possible to fragment or separate either by mining processes or by institutional policies. Their proposals allows us to rethink the notion of water justice, and access to water by humans and nonhumans.
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Stevens, Jeroen, i Bruno De Meulder. "On Allotopia: The Spatial Accumulation of Difference in Bixiga (São Paulo, Brazil)". Space and Culture 22, nr 4 (5.03.2018): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331218760772.
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This article will unfold a longe durée spatial biography of the urban area of Bixiga (São Paulo, Brazil) to probe the particular role of space in the conflation of different cultural practices and territorial claims. The extended case study bridges indigenous, colonial, and postcolonial urbanization as they amalgamated an intricate assemblage of material and cultural strata. Combined historical urban analysis and fieldwork allow to uncover how the resulting urban milieu integrates discrepant urban worlds, perpetually iterating between centrality and marginality, innovation and degradation, oppression and resistance. Building on Foucault’s (1984) conception of heterotopia, Bixiga will surface as an allotopia, a place that accommodates, cumulates, and celebrates a multitude of differences. It sheds light, this way, on more insurgent histories of urbanism, where urban space is piecemeal forged through contentious struggles over space in the city.
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George Lopes Paulino, Antonio. "ENTRE O DIÁLOGO E A RESISTÊNCIA: o movimento social de bairro no Conjunto Palmeiras, em Fortaleza (CE)". Caderno CRH 32, nr 87 (31.12.2019): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v32i87.25807.
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<p>O artigo revisita a história dos movimentos sociais de bairros de Fortaleza (CE), tendo como referente empírico o Conjunto Palmeiras, cuja formação territorial remete aos anos 1970. A análise resulta de aproximações etnográficas que adentram no cenário da mobilização por direitos fundamentais e pela urbanização do bairro, espaço social que resguarda uma memória de lutas e conquistas, possibilitando identificar agentes envolvidos na projeção desses movimentos nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Essa experiência de organização coletiva segue na formação de espaços de autonomia, com momentos de interlocução e resistência frente ao Estado, trazendo contribuições para o debate acerca de temas como movimentos sociais, soberania e representação popular.</p><p> </p><p>BETWEEN DIALOGUE AND RESISTANCE: the neighborhood social movement in the Palmeiras Set, in Fortaleza (CE)</p><p>The article revisits the history of social movements in neighborhoods in Fortaleza (CE), with the empirical reference to Conjunto Palmeiras, whose territorial formation goes back to the 1970s. The analysis results from ethnographic approaches that enter the scenario of mobilization for fundamental rights and the urbanization of the neighborhood, a social space that protects a memory of struggles and conquests, making it possible to identify agents involved in the projection of these movements in the 1980s and 1990s. This experience of collective organization continues in the formation of spaces of autonomy, with moments of dialogue and resistance towards the State, bringing contributions to the debate on topics such as social movements, sovereignty and popular representation.</p><p>Keywords: Policy. Social movements. Representation. Sovereignty. City.</p><p> </p><p>ENTRE DIALOGUE ET RÉSISTANCE: le mouvement social de voisinage dans le Palmeiras Set, à Fortaleza (CE)</p><p>L’article revisite l’histoire des mouvements sociaux de quartiers de Fortaleza (CE), ayant comme référent empirique le Conjunto Palmeiras, dont la formation territoriale se réfère aux années 1970. L’analyse résulte d’approches ethnographiques qui entrent en scène de mobilisation pour les droits fondamentaux et d’urbanisation du quartier, un espace social qui protège une mémoire des luttes et des conquêtes, permettant d’identifier les acteurs impliqués dans la projection de ces mouvements dans les années 1980 et 1990. Cette expérience d’organisation collective se poursuit dans la formation d’espaces d’autonomie, avec des moments d’interlocution et de résistance à l’égard de l’État, apportant des contributions au débat sur des thèmes tels que les mouvements sociaux, la souveraineté et la représentation populaire.</p><p>Mots-clés: Politique. Mouvements sociaux. Représentation. Souveraineté. Ville.</p>
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Tetreault, Darcy Victor. "Resistance to Canadian mining projects in Mexico: lessons from the lifecycle of the San Xavier Mine in San Luis Potosí". Journal of Political Ecology 26, nr 1 (4.01.2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.22947.
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<p>This article analyses resistance movements to large-scale mining projects in Mexico, particularly the case of sustained organized resistance to the San Xavier Mine, in the central north state of San Luis Potosí. As one of the first struggles in Mexico against Canadian mining projects after the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the leaders of this movement pioneered strategies of resistance on the legal front and were instrumental in building anti-mining alliances and networks on the national and international levels. Now that the excavation process has finished and the mine is closing down, this article seeks to draw on the case to illustrate the complementarity of three approaches for interpreting resistance to mining: class struggle, ecological distribution conflicts, and the clash of cultural valuations over territorial vocation. The argument is that these approaches are not mutually exclusive; they can be combined to explain the multiple dimensions of specific struggles, whose shifts in emphasis at different moments of the struggle are conditioned by – and condition – the phase of a mine's development. By contextualizing the case study in a broader analysis of social environmental conflicts around mining in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, the analysis seeks to illustrate the ways in which the struggle against the San Xavier Mine is representative of broader trends, as well as its peculiarities. On the local level, we find the struggle has more to do with defending conditions of social and cultural reproduction than protecting the means of production that sustain traditional livelihoods. This pertains, not just to a non-contaminated living environment and the availability of clean water for human consumption, but also to the conservation of natural and architectural patrimony with historic and cultural significance.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Mining conflicts, Canadian imperialism, political class formation, ecological distribution, cultural valuations</p>
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Sánchez Contreras, Josefa, Alberto Matarán Ruiz, Luis Villodres Ramírez, Celia Jiménez Martín, Guillermo Gámez Rodríguez, Rafael Martín Pérez i Álvaro Campos-Celador. "Energy Colonialism in Europe: A Participatory Analysis of the Case of Granada (Spain)". Land 13, nr 2 (26.01.2024): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13020144.
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The energy crisis and the exacerbation of climate change, along with the associated geopolitical tensions, including the war in Ukraine, are accelerating the energy transition in Europe. A transition from fossil energy sources to renewable energy sources that have a low Energy Return Rate, involves, among many other issues, the use of wide areas to locate the necessary infrastructure for production, transport and storage, altering territories with agricultural, cultural and ecological values. This process is based on the deployment of renewable energy megaprojects in peripheric areas of the continent, mostly in the southern states creating a wide range of social conflicts and resistances. We analyse this process in the case study of the province of Granada, a peripheric territory of south-east Spain considering the category of energy colonialism and the six dimensions that characterise it, arguing that this is a proper approach to address internal colonialism related to the corporate energy transition. We also want to demonstrate the importance of using participatory methodologies for this analysis, so we have developed an online survey, semi-structured interviews and participatory cartography workshops, always focusing on the citizens and stakeholders who are resisting the deployment of renewable energy megaprojects in the province of Granada. The obtained results allow us to confirm the necessity of using participatory methodologies and the colonial aspect of this deployment, including the characteristics of social resistance, the territorial impacts, the land-grabbing process and the inequalities in the production, distribution and use of energy. We conclude with the need to articulate a decolonial energy transition where participatory methods constitute a fundamental tool both to attend the resistances and to build the alternatives.
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Sorea, Daniela, Codrina Csesznek i Gabriela Georgeta Rățulea. "The Culture-Centered Development Potential of Communities in Făgăraș Land (Romania)". Land 11, nr 6 (3.06.2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060837.
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Făgăraș Land (Romania) is a very old administrative formation with its own identity, preserved from the beginning of the Middle Ages. The mapping of the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) highlighted the groups of caroling lads as the main strategic heritage resource, but also the existence of many other ICH resources that can be exploited towards the sustainable development of the area. These include local soups, an ICH gastronomic resource that can help build the area’s tourism brand. All resources, together with the peculiarities of the local medieval history, the memory of the anti-communist resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains and the religious pilgrimage to the local Orthodox monasteries, support the configuration of Făgăraș Land as a multidimensional associative cultural landscape. The content analysis of the information on ICH available on the official websites of the administrative territorial units (ATUs), correlated with the data from the interviews with local leaders, highlighted the types of local narratives regarding the capitalization of cultural resources and the openness to culture-centered community-based development, namely glocal, dynamic local and static local visions. The unitary and integrated approach of tourist resources, tourism social entrepreneurship, support from the local commons and a better management of the local cultural potential are ways to capitalize on belonging to the Făgăraș Land cultural landscape, towards sustainable community development of the area.
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Trachuk, P., i V. Tymchak. "Implementation of the principle of decentralization of power in Ukraine". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, nr 75 (22.03.2023): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.75.1.48.
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The article examines the history of decentralization of state power in practice in the countries of the European Union. The characteristics of local self-government as a key subject of decentralization of power are given, and the principle of subsidiarity is revealed. The problems of implementation of the decentralization of state power are outlined, in particular foreign and domestic experience. The article analyzes and systematizes the key risks and problems that arose during the implementation of local self-government reform and financial decentralization in Ukraine.
The factors that caused the residents of local communities to resist the reform or passive attitude to the creation of united territorial communities were identified and investigated, in particular, economic (expectation of a decrease in the financial capabilities of communities as a result of unification), socio-cultural (the presence of ethnic, cultural and other differences between residents neighboring communities), psychological (distrust of the central and local authorities, fear of the reduction of social sphere facilities, etc.), geographical (deterioration of access to service centers), ecological (attempts of community residents to avoid moving harmful industries to their own territory).
The geographical unevenness of the pace of the unification of territorial communities during decentralization has been revealed. The main reasons and forms of resistance of district councils and district state administrations to the decentralization reform have been clarified.
Attempts to reform local self-government in Ukraine have been made since the declaration of its independence, but they have always been hindered by the lack of consensus among the political elite regarding the vision of the external and internal political vector of the state's development in general and approaches to the administrative-territorial division and organization of local authorities in particular. One of the key problems that arose from the very beginning of the reform was ineffective communication between the authorities and citizens, which caused an information vacuum on the ground. As sociological polls showed, citizens of Ukraine had rather low awareness of the features of the decentralization reform.
Attracting highly qualified specialists to manage them turned out to be a difficult problem for the newly created united territorial communities. The low quality of personnel is usually related to the fact that most of the united communities are formed exclusively from villages, which cannot provide employees of local self-government bodies with competitive salaries and high standards of living.
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Mohd Farhan Saiel. "An Analysis of Cultural Identity in Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines". Creative Launcher 4, nr 5 (31.12.2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2019.4.5.13.
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The aim of such a study is to understand some of the various issues regarding our national identity; particularly the identity politics that can fully submerge a colonized individual under its gigantic confusion. The author’s humble hope out of such a study is to have an idea of insight into Amitav Ghosh’s stance on national identity. Amitav Ghosh protests against the manmade boundaries of nation, cast, creed, and identity in his novel. The Shadow Lines (1988) negates the concept of national, social and cultural identities. In the novel, Ghosh gives the message to cast aside cultural, regional, territorial, religious and physical differences aside and join the hands through the bond of humanity. The characters like Tridib, Prince form a true relationship with one another bringing west and east together. This paper seeks to shed light on the formation of cultural identity crises in a transnational space in Amitav Ghosh’s novel which chronicles the lives of characters who, after many upheavals, where cross-cultural caste, class, gender, and national collaborations blur all sorts of boundaries and enable the formation of new alliances. The paper tries to unravel how the novel presents the emergence of reconstituted families within contexts of domination and resistance. In The Shadow Lines, Ghosh deals with the issues of identity vs. nationhood, the representation of history and ultimately concludes that all borders are imaginary constraints. He dismantles history, the frontiers of nationality, culture, and language. It is a historical novel that focuses mostly on nationalism, identity and the meaninglessness of partition and the 1964 communal riots which occurred in Calcutta, Dhaka, and Khulna.
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Éthier, Benoit, Gérald Ottawa i Christian Coocoo. "Redefining the Lexicon of Power, Envisioning the Future: The Atikamekw Nehirowisiw Nation and the Comprehensive Land Claims Negotiations". Anthropologica 62, nr 2 (24.12.2020): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/anth-2018-0054.
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Treaties and land claims negotiations between state institutions and Indigenous Peoples are necessarily tied to issues of territorial entanglements, resistance and coexistence. Regularly, studies of these negotiation dynamics make explicit the articulation and differentiation of Indigenous “life projects,” referring to the embodiment of socio-cultural desires, visions, aspirations and purposes – vis-à-vis neoliberal development projects. This article focuses precisely on the dynamics of negotiation in which the Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok (north-central Quebec) and state institutions have been involved for the last 40 years under the Comprehensive Land Claims Policy. More specifically, it addresses different policy mechanisms such as the extinguishment policy, burden of proof, debt obligations and results-based approach that are part and parcel of the negotiation process. Without disregarding the unequal power relations, this article also presents the motivations and aspirations expressed by the Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok in the negotiation process. It explains how their engagements are mobilised into nehirowisiw orocowewin – that is, a larger and deeper political and cultural project relating to the affirmation of nehirowisiw miro pimatisiwin, an Indigenous way of life and living well that is tied to the maintenance of a creative and open-ended coexistence based on reciprocity, complementarity, autonomy and consensus.
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Marukhovska-Kartunova, Olga, Vitalii Turenko, Olena Zarutska, Liubov Spivak i Renata Vynnychuk. "Exploring Contemporary Socio-Cultural Shifts in Ukraine and Their Effects on Strengthening National Identity and Resilience in Times of War". International Journal of Religion 5, nr 10 (20.06.2024): 1386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/j5yktg91.
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Establishing a Ukrainian political nation is contingent upon a complex set of circumstances. Ukraine is compelled to wage a war against Russia for its independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. In such times, national self-identification becomes pivotal in consolidating efforts across all resistance fronts. The formation of Ukrainian identity is complicated by the dichotomy within Ukraine’s socio-cultural space, where Russian culture, alongside Ukrainian, has had significant influence. It has led to divisions along linguistic, historical, and religious lines and memories. This article aims to identify the main socio-cultural trends that influence the transformation of national identity and resilience in Ukraine. Constructivism serves as the principal methodological approach to the research, enabling the analysis of the critical elements of national identity during its formation and development. The research methods include document analysis and sociological data, case studies, comparison, synthesis, deduction, generalisation, and systematisation. The findings of the research indicate that the war has significantly impacted the self-identification processes of Ukrainians, hastening the decolonisation of Ukraine’s socio-cultural space. Ukrainians are creating distance from Russian influences, including its culture and cultural outputs like music, literature, and cinema. There is a notable shift towards the use of the Ukrainian language and the gradual adoption of Ukrainian and European symbols over Russian ones. These changes are fostering a more robust national identity, enhancing the societal aspect of this identity, and catalysing a shift from feelings of inferiority to a rise in national pride and patriotism.
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NICHOLSON, RASHNA DARIUS. "On the (Im)possibilities of a Free Theatre: Theatre Against Development in Palestine". Theatre Research International 46, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883320000553.
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The focus of this article is a critical evaluation of the impact of international development and conflict-resolution funding on theatre in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The article complicates the predominant narrative of theatre as ‘cultural resistance’ in conflict zones by historicizing the Ford Foundation's role in the institutionalization of Palestinian drama; delineating the effects of neo-liberal state building and development on Palestinian modes of performance; and subsequently, analysing the Freedom Theatre's imbrication in a normative, humanitarian logic. Aid, while ensuring the material conditions for the growth of the Palestinian performing arts, promoted a structural dependency that emptied the language of anti-colonial resistance of emancipatory potential, generating a soft, phantom sovereignty for the audience of the international community. By reimagining ‘freedom’ as liberation from a backward, conservative society, the language of the human rights industry and its attendant cultural economy spawns a spectral ‘cultural resistance’ where freedom and nationhood appear real and unreal – visions refracting, but not existing in, reality.
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Bougdaeva, Saglar. "The Russian puzzle: Mortality and ethnicity in a changing society, 1994–2004". Communist and Post-Communist Studies 43, nr 3 (16.08.2010): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2010.07.002.
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Do ethnic minority populations cope better with the transition from socialism and subsequent economic decline than Russian majority populations in post-communist Russia? Using multivariate and random-effects models for the 1994–2004 panel data and adjusting for income, urbanization, and crime, this paper demonstrates that the long-standing pattern of Muslim mortality advantage continued to persist during the post-Soviet mortality crisis in Russia. This study suggests that in the ethno-territorial federative system of Russia belonging not to autonomous republics, but to the Muslim ethno-religious communities was significant in resistance to cumulative death crisis during a period of dramatic societal changes. In fact, both living in the Caucasus environment and in the Muslim ethno-religious communities appeared to be significant factors. This study suggests that not only religion, but cultural practices based on ethno-religious and environmental prescriptions may account for collectively healthier practices and, therefore, advantageous mortality outcomes.
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Chamizo-Nieto, Francisco José, Nuria Nebot-Gómez de Salazar, Carlos Rosa-Jiménez i Sergio Reyes-Corredera. "Touristification and Conflicts of Interest in Cruise Destinations: The Case of Main Cultural Tourism Cities on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast". Sustainability 15, nr 8 (8.04.2023): 6403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086403.
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Tourist demands and the ensuing commodification of habitability in cities have led to the emergence of resistance movements. This study aims to define patterns in touristified cities by measuring the presence of citizen initiatives, together with tourism intensification and related socio-demographic variables. All the indicators have been tested in the Mediterranean port cities of Barcelona and Malaga as they lead the cultural offer. Both municipalities have been analysed at census-section level and show a common urban pattern: the Airbnb offer has spread out in the old town in direct competition with traditional accommodation and replacing long-term rentals. Statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation among citizen initiatives with tourism services, which are the driver mechanisms behind the movements. Cluster maps show a clear centre-periphery pattern according to the tourism intensification set with high coefficient values for tourist accommodation. Bivariate spatial autocorrelation indicates that protest movements emerge in tourism specialisation areas with a high concentration of tourist facilities. Monitoring the proposed indicator system over time may serve as a basis for local administrations to promote new urban policies dealing with overtourism. Future research may redefine and include new variables, test other tourist destinations and consider a smaller non-administrative territorial unit of analysis.
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Bertuzzi, Niccolò. "Political Generations and the Italian Environmental Movement(s): Innovative Youth Activism and the Permanence of Collective Actors". American Behavioral Scientist 63, nr 11 (8.03.2019): 1556–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219831735.
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During recent years, Italian social movements have experienced a period of crisis, in part due to diffuse antipolitical feelings and latent social conflict. However, environmental issues and especially territorial mobilizations remain relevant, due to the appearance of new contentious actors and to the permanence of long-standing organizations and important local grassroots campaigns. Based on 19 semistructured interviews with activists belonging to informal groups and formal associations, this article discusses the role of age and generations within the variegated Italian environmental archipelago, in which organizational and collective aspects prove to currently have a relevant role. Indeed, age does not represent an important fracture, representing a partial anomaly if confronted with the other case studies discussed in this special issue. The only diversities between cohorts are related to the forms of action preferred and (eventually) adopted, while the common perception of job precariousness among young activists is not translated into a single frame and common path of resistance. More than a Millennials’ identity, it is rather appropriate to speak of various and divergent political generations: individuals belonging to different cohorts share some ideologies and visions of the world, especially related to territorial belongings or to specific ways of looking at environmental issues. Also for this reason, a final comparison between contemporary young activists and those of previous generations is proposed to address the generation(s) in movement(s) in a dynamic perspective.
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Ricaurte, Paola. "Data Epistemologies, The Coloniality of Power, and Resistance". Television & New Media 20, nr 4 (7.03.2019): 350–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476419831640.
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Data assemblages amplify historical forms of colonization through a complex arrangement of practices, materialities, territories, bodies, and subjectivities. Data-centric epistemologies should be understood as an expression of the coloniality of power manifested as the violent imposition of ways of being, thinking, and feeling that leads to the expulsion of human beings from the social order, denies the existence of alternative worlds and epistemologies, and threatens life on Earth. This article develops a theoretical model to analyze the coloniality of power through data and explores the multiple dimensions of coloniality as a framework for identifying ways of resisting data colonization. Finally, this article suggests possible alternative data epistemologies that are respectful of populations, cultural diversity, and environments.
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López Bracamonte, Fabiola Manyari. "Desplazamientos, integraciones y resistencias del pueblo maya chuj en el sur de México". Estudios de Cultura Maya 60 (7.09.2022): 291–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.60.23x00s709.
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The Chuj people is a Mayan people with presence in Mexico and Guatemala, their contemporary history integrates different affronts to their cultural life and constant usurpations of their rights and territories. As a survival strategy, they have needed to move and integrate into hostile and adverse contexts as a means of physical and psychological resistance. Based on the historical reconstruction and collective memory of Chuj members, this article reconstructs and analyzes political, social and cultural components imbricated in three different historical moments in the southern Mexican border, with the objective of understanding and making visible the trajectory of the Chuj people in Mexico, their stories of resistance, reconstruction and hope in the face of multiple physical and epistemological displacements.
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Appelbaum, Nancy P. "Reading the Past on the Mountainsides of Colombia: Mid-Nineteenth-Century Patriotic Geology, Archaeology, and Historiography". Hispanic American Historical Review 93, nr 3 (1.08.2013): 347–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2210768.
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Abstract The mid-nineteenth-century Colombian Chorographic Commission drew on geology, archaeology, and history to project a patriotic past onto the Andean landscape of the young republic then known as New Granada. This geographic expedition, led initially by Agustín Codazzi and Manuel Ancízar, explored and mapped the country from 1850 to 1859. For the commissioners and their associates among the creole elite, the history of past epochs was “written” on the mountainsides for scientific travelers such as themselves to “read.” They portrayed disparate historical and prehistoric events as overlapping and interrelated. The commission’s texts and images linked a catastrophic interpretation of geologic origins to historia patria (patriotic history). The commissioners merged the wars of conquest and independence into a two-act drama enacted on a singular territorial stage. Their reading of geologic, archaeological, and historical evidence endowed the impoverished young Republic of New Granada with a grandiose territory, a great precursor civilization, and a legacy of patriotic resistance to imperialism. Their interpretations, however, would prove controversial. During the second half of the nineteenth century, debates over geology, archaeology, and history reflected conflicting Liberal and Conservative political projects. Moreover, the midcentury intellectuals failed to incorporate contemporaneous indigenous and poor citizens into an imagined national community based on the ideal of a shared historical memory embedded on a readable landscape.
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Abu Jweid, Abdalhadi Nimer Abdalqader, i Fatima A. Al-Khamisi. "History and the Problem of Dead Identity: Theorising the Revival of Zulu’s Extinct Culture in Zakes Mda’s the Zulus of New York". International Journal of Religion 5, nr 6 (30.04.2024): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/8wq5b667.
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This article attempts to explore history as a medium of reviving South African extinct identity in Zakes Mda’s The Zulus of New York. The study theorises the impetus of rejuvenating such identity based on Mda’s description of the Zulu’s potential to perform their native socio-cultural traditions despite the colonial hegemony which limits their power to maintain their identity. It argues that this literary tendency is largely rooted in the peculiar theoretical discourse on South African subaltern and internally colonised identity vis-à-vis the West, namely the USA and Britain; a notion that tends to perpetuate Zulu’s native and pre-colonial vernacular discourses. Within this narrative, the Zulu’s nativism and the South African ethnicity are regarded as non-colonial powers since the indigenous tribes allegedly suffered under Western ruling nationalities in the annexed territories. Therefore, the study discovers the problematic implications of such an exclusive focus on the postcolonial perspective; and it questions the theoretical conception of subordination as an ‘internal colony’, which is decolonised by the Zulu. The study proposes arguments for the consideration of American and British domination as variant models of Western hegemony, and it emphasises the need for examining Zuluophone cultures when theorising Zulu postcolonial identity. It demonstrates how the Zulu minority may wage this metapolitical resistance using individual rights to challenge Western hegemony as an illiberal entity, and thus Zulu de-constitutes colonialism to restore indigenous demotic and territorial boundaries. Thus, indigenous Zulu people resist by seeking to constitutionally entrench their identity as the rightful ‘subject of justice.
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Guerra, Paula. "Underground Artistic-Creative Scenes Between Utopias and Artivisms". Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change 8, nr 2 (30.12.2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20897/jcasc/14063.
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This article focuses on two countries usually represented as (semi-)peripheric: Portugal and Brazil. At stake is a metaphorical perspective of the Global South as equivalent to most (although not all) low-income and often politically or culturally marginalised territories. The use of this concept marks a shift from a central focus on development or cultural difference towards an emphasis on geopolitical power relations. Using the examples of Brazil’s PWR Records and padê editorial, and Portugal’s Príncipe Discos, the article highlights a series of manifestations of a radical <i>habitus</i> that has materialised in underground musical-creative creations, which increasingly have emerged as a stage for contemporary resistance. These examples demonstrate the spurious nature of the division between the concepts of the <i>art of resistance</i> and the <i>art of existence</i>: they are artivist resistances that enact working utopias. In many such projects, we find artivists with a (sub)cultural do-it-yourself background, who are not afraid to combine art and politics, and who reject the old idea of ‘art for art’s sake’. An <i>art of resistance</i> emerges that, in the cases analysed, is linked to the adherence to new social movements, such as feminism, LGBTQIA+ rights, the right to the city and anti-racism. Using a qualitative methodology, with a strong multi-sited ethnographic slant based on interviews and documentary analysis, we demonstrate how the artistic imagination of contemporary youth is materialised in combined resistance and existence for a place in the world.
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Seldin, Claudia, Caio César De Azevedo Barros, Pedro Vitor Costa i Victória Michelini. "Contested and Contesting:". Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat 137, nr 1 (30.05.2023): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats-137-1.1.
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‘Contestation’ is a term often used to describe various kinds of conflict in 21st-Century urban areas. Yet Urban planning literaturelacks a cultural approach to such resistance — an oversight that this paper seeks to redress. We argue that the concept of‘contested territories of culture’ plays a key role in the informal construction of urban areas, highlighting them as heterogeneousdrivers of ‘contestation’ and the fight for rights in Latin America’s inequality-riven cities. The authors use two methodologicalapproaches to define said ‘contestation’: (1) contextual analysis of the literature on the concept of ‘territories’ to discover theircultural character, and (2) ethnographic analysis of a case study on Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The example of the Realengo FlyoverCultural Center, a cultural appropriation of a leftover site under a flyover on Rio’s outskirts, shows the complexity of improvised,bottom-up squatting through cultural activities. The study reveals the need to understand these territories in order to draw up moreequitable public policies and urban plans. It also highlights that such territories are both culturally rich and socially vulnerable.
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Sixtho Villarreal, Hermes. "Educación Propia ¿Es posible una Episteme Raizal-Ancestral Indígena?." Cuestiones Pedagógicas 2, nr 29 (2020): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/cp.2020.i29.v2.09.
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The article presents an epistemic reflection on the proper education of the Nasa indigenous people, north of Cauca (Colombia). It shows that, in some way, from the indigenous worldviews it is also possible to build knowledge from know-how and experiences in the territories, which is valid and legitimate. In the same way as modern Western knowledge does and, as an emancipating process for indigenous peoples. Some pillars of self-education were analyzed, highlighting its role in autonomous education processes in the territories, which were consolidated at the founding of the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca, aiming for the strengthening of cultural identity, ancestral knowledge, own language, the Law of Origin, spirituality, autonomy, and millennial resistance. In this way, more than a process to train students, self-education is a political project of resistance, physical and cultural pervivience. One of the main characteristics of self-education is the positioning of the school in, with and for the communities through community-oriented educational projects. That is, an education of defense, anti-establishment and contextualized according to the geographical, environmental, social and economic conditions of the territories. Also, a first approximation to the notion of indigenous root-ancestral episteme is developed allowing us to understand the processes of knowledge building from the same worldview that produces it.
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Stykalin, Alexander S. "The Hungarian Community of Transylvania in Its Relations With the Romanian Communist Authorities From the 1950s to the 1980s". Central-European Studies 2020, nr 3 (12) (2021): 134–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2020.3.7.
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The historical experience of Hungarian-Romanian relations in previous eras affected the relations of the Hungarian national minority of Transylvania with the Romanian communist authorities from the 1950s to the 1980s. The concept of Romania as a unitary national state excluded the idea of Hungarian territorial autonomy even within its narrowest borders; Transylvanian Hungarians were declared an integral part of the Romanian political nation. This caused growing resistance from the consolidated Hungarian minority with a highly developed national identity and with the intelligentsia, which perceived itself as the guardian of the 1000-year-old Hungarian state and cultural traditions in Transylvania. The reaction of the Transylvanian Hungarian intelligentsia to the growing Romanian nationalist challenge changed as the Ceauşescu regime evolved, giving rise to different behavioral strategies. In the late 1960s, when Romania’s independent policy was internationally recognised the dominant attitude was to influence the situation through dialogue with the authorities. Later, from the end of the 1970s, the participation of Transylvanian Hungarians in the Romanian dissident movement intensified. The policy of the K.d.r regime concerning the Hungarians in Romania also changed depending on the state of Hungary–Romania relations.
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Xhaferri, Manjola, i Mirela Tase. "The Influence of Ottoman Culture on the Way of life of Albanian Society". Journal of Education Culture and Society 15, nr 1 (13.06.2024): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2024.1.557.566.
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Aim. This paper aims to highlight the elements of Ottoman culture that have influenced Albanians' culture and way of life. Albania was under Ottoman occupation for five centuries, which has had various consequences on the country's economic, cultural, and social life. Methods. To realize this study, a series of methods have been used, such as research, comparative, and cartographic methods. The comparative method consists of the authors confronting each other regarding the influences of Ottoman culture and how widespread it became in Albanian culture. The cartographic method aims to explain the extent of Ottoman work in Albania and whether it managed to penetrate Albanian territorial integrity. Results. Whether we like it or not, Ottoman influences are already part of our heritage in values, customs, traditions, beliefs, material culture, folklore, clothing, architecture, and the life of Albanians. Conclusion. The study has enabled a better understanding of the constructions of the time, their quality, level, and extent; at the same time, they testify to historical phenomena, such as the process of resistance to the invaders, the Islamization of the Albanian population, and the beginning of economic growth and especially of cities.
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Silvestre, Helena. "From Point Zero to the Future". South Atlantic Quarterly 119, nr 3 (1.07.2020): 646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8601494.
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This text seeks to describe the territories of the favelas as a fertile ground for the birth of organizational forms that can strengthen struggles toward an emancipated society, in which life is free. It aims to trace the trajectory of resistance in those territories, the occupations, and evictions that shaped and continue shaping them. It highlights the feminized bodies in struggle against forced evictions of communities or carrying out occupations for housing: the conflictual recuperation of parts of the territory to construct commons that nourish our resistance. This effort is necessary because we cannot look at Indigenous women—in defense of forests—or Black women—defending immaterial ancestral territories—without recognizing that the women of the favelas are the daughters of those other women, continuing their resistance and resignifying it in places that are close to us and our everyday lives.
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López Campos, Luisa Irazú, Fernanda Prestileo, Eleonora Maria Stella, Alessandra Mascitelli, Eleonora Aruffo, Piero Chiacchiaretta, Piero Di Carlo i Stefano Dietrich. "Heritage Resilience and Identity: Lesson from Trabocchi Coast about Climate Change Adaptation Strategies". Sustainability 16, nr 14 (9.07.2024): 5848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145848.
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Climate change and land use are major drivers of environmental and socioeconomic transformations in landscapes and in coastal areas. The objective of this study was to present an interdisciplinary and participatory research methodology for analysing the evolutionary process of a coastal case study, the Trabocchi Coast in the Abruzzo Region (Italy), from multiple perspectives, including climate change, technological history, conservation protocols, and social function. The goal was to assess the resilience of these coastal structures, i.e., their ability to cope and adapt to changes while maintaining their identity and recognition. The adopted approach combined qualitative and quantitative data from the meteorological analyses, literature review, and field investigations involving a participatory workshop, from which a significant portion of the analysed results presented here emerged. The results indicate that the Trabocchi Coast has undergone significant changes in recent decades, posing a serious threat to cultural heritage due to climate change (sea-level rise, coastal erosion, storms, flooding and salinisation), changes in use and mass tourism. However, these changes have also presented challenges and opportunities for coastal development, stimulating diverse resilient responses from local communities, ranging from resistance to innovation. The paper discusses the factors that may make the Trabocchi Coast a model of resilience considering these changes. This is supported by the role of local institutions as guarantors of the cultural heritage value of the trabocchi in that specific landscape context, as evidenced by the approval of the “Costa dei Trabocchi Special Territorial Project” by the Abruzzo Region in 2023.
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Bolívar Rocha, María Camila, i María Eugenia Ibarra-Melo. "Las mineras de La Toma. Resistencia negra en defensa de la vida y el territorio". Pensamiento Americano 10, nr 19 (11.06.2017): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803/pensam.v10i19.35.
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En este artículo muestra las características de la acción colectiva femenina negra, de un grupo de mujeres mineras de La Toma (Suárez-Cauca), que se movilizan para denunciar las amenazas a la autonomía territorial y a la vida de los pobladores, que se producen por la explotación aurífera en su corregimiento. Una actividad auspiciada por las licencias otorgadas a multinacionales y particulares y por la escasa presencia institucional para controlar a los actores armados y agentes ilegales que se lucran de este negocio. Se muestran principalmente los detonantes para protestar, el modo en que se aprovecha la estructura de oportunidades políticas, durante el gobierno 2010-2014, que propuso la locomotora minera como una de las estrategias para el desarrollo económico; y los principales repertorios de acción utilizados en la contienda. Como recursos metodológicos se realizó una exhaustiva revisión documental de prensa, blogs y comunicados y se entrevistó a siete lideresas. La principal conclusión es que la resistencia civil, cuando involucra elementos étnicos, de género y clase, ligados a su cultura y al lugar de origen, configuran un actor político, que se vale de los símbolos y de su legado histórico para disputar sus derechos
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Altinkas, Evren. "Transformation from the Ottoman State to the Modern Republic of Turkey: The Renewal Party and Karakol". Review of Middle East Studies 55, nr 1 (czerwiec 2021): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2021.48.
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AbstractAfter the end of WWI, the leaders of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) established a political party, Renewal Party, and an underground organization, Karakol, in order to organize a resistance against the Allies and their presence in Ottoman territories. These institutions played an important role in the formation of national resistance in Anatolia before Mustafa Kemal's arrival in the region. The establishment of local resistance forces by former CUP members in Anatolia under the name of Renewal Party and the formation of a network in Istanbul to facilitate the smuggling of weapons, ammunition, former military officers, and Unionists to Anatolia were crucial for the formation of a national resistance movement to be organized under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal after May 1919. This article focuses on these two institutions and their role in Turkish National Struggle.
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Toledo, Víctor M., David Garrido i Narciso Barrera-Bassols. "The Struggle for Life". Latin American Perspectives 42, nr 5 (2.06.2015): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x15588104.
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The global expansion of the neoliberal model is most forcefully expressed in the processes of social, cultural, and environmental predation undertaken by corporations in the so-called Global South. Three pertinent processes are taking place in Mexico: (1) an increase in socio-environmental conflicts, mainly in rural areas and in predominantly indigenous territories; (2) the proliferation of citizen resistance of an essentially communal, municipal, or micro-regional nature; and (3) increased violence against these resistance movements by the government across its three levels (federal, state, and municipal) in complicity (or not) with companies and corporations that are trying to implement projects that damage natural resources, affect the quality of the environment, and destroy cultures and the social fabric. La expansión mundial del modelo neoliberal se expresa con mayor fuerza en los procesos de depredación ecológica, social y cultural que las corporaciones realizan en el llamado Sur Global. Tres procesos de la realidad mexicana ilustran lo anterior: (1) el creciente aumento de los conflictos socio-ambientales, principalmente en las áreas rurales y predominantemente en los territorios indígenas; (2) la multiplicación de las resistencias ciudadanas, esencialmente de carácter comunitario, municipal o micro-regional; y (3) el aumento de la violencia contra esos movimientos de resistencia, llevados a cabo por gobiernos en sus tres niveles (federal, estatal y municipal) en complicidad (o no) con las empresas y corporaciones que intentan implementar proyectos que dilapidan los recursos naturales y/o la calidad del ambiente y que provocan destrucción de culturas y tejido social.
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Rojas-Sotelo, Miguel L. "The Tree of Abundance: On the Indigenous Emergence in Contemporary Latin American Art". Arts 12, nr 4 (25.06.2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts12040127.
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The Tree of Abundance is an origin story for many nations in the Amazon basin. It recounts a time when all people(s) lived under a mother tree, until those with an ax arrived and the tree collapsed. This is the act of coloniality, which produced a new landscape. The story serves as a conceptual metaphor to analyze the production of an emerging generation of contemporary visual makers of indigenous origin. These cultural producers are set in a historical context, which represents long temporalities of cultural-production resistance and re-existence in Latin America (called here Abya Yala). The text introduces a way to rethink contemporary art in the region under conditions of coloniality and names the artists “embodied territories” since they have particular connections to the places they live and work. This article is organized into three parts presenting artwork by several indigenous and intercultural subjects (with emphasis on those living in indigenous territories of Colombia): (1) A short genealogy from modernity to contemporaneity brings indigenous cultural production to the academic space as another source for a critical understanding of the lived experience in Abya Yala. (2) An account of themes derived from the contested histories highlights how indigenous and intercultural artists produce responses to them. (3) The genealogy and themes are then set in spatial terms offering two case studies, on one hand, the toppling of historical figures by indigenous activists as performance in the public space and, on the other, the exhibitions “Visual Sovereignty” and the “Indigenous Salon Manuel Quintín Lame”. The article concludes stressing how this emerging generation builds on long genealogies of sovereign representation, responding with a wide range of contemporary means (visual, textual, bodily, and multimedia) to issues that still affect their communities (land grabs, resource extraction, racialization, marginality, etc.). Adaptation, resistance, and re-existence occur when embodied territories recognize historical realities (time), location (space), and forms of liberation (action) within coloniality.
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Gunya, Alexey, Evgenii Kolbovsky i Umar Gairabekov. "GIS-modeling and mapping for sustainable development of mountain regions". InterCarto. InterGIS 25, nr 1 (23.07.2019): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2019-1-25-47-65.
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The elaboration of the sustainable regional development concepts for mountain areas requires special attention to the specifics of the formation and existence of society in the areas of the surrounding landscape. The close connection between natural conditions, inherited unique types of environmental management and rooted forms of self-government in the mountains continues to be maintained even under the pressure of global modernization. Therefore, any efforts undertaken in the direction of general and sectoral types of planning should be based on a preliminary study and modeling of the essence of the relationship between nature and the society of mountains. It seems appropriate to identify the following basic properties of mountainous areas, which, on the one hand, are crucial for the sustainable development of regions, on the other hand, can be characterized using GIS modeling and mapping: 1) GIS-modeling of the «highlands features» of the region and the specifics of mountain landscapes, in particular the delimitation of the boundaries of high-altitude belts (the lower boundary of the mountain region, the upper ecotone’s boundaries between the tree vegetation and alpine meadows, etc.); 2) reflection of the polystructural and fractal properties of natural (landscapes, watersheds) and socio-cultural (cultural landscapes, groups of settlements, areals of subethnoses) entities; 3) assessment of the capacity and resistance (tolerance) of mountain natural and inherited cultural landscapes, identification of different risks and limitations of economic growth and development; 4) analysis of the mountain landscapes dynamics, both spatial, manifested in the transformation of altitudinal belts and shifts of the boundaries of ecotones, and “chronostructural” expressed in changes of typical seasonal and multiyear conditions; 5) selection of adequate parameters to characterize the specifics of mountain areas in the “mountain—plain” dichotomy. Therefore, GIS-modeling based on “big data” and allowing, on the one hand, to update our understanding of the landscapes of the North Caucasus, their state and modern dynamics, on the other hand, to describe a reliable picture of economic management, and first of all—the true mosaic of land use and resource distribution. The representation of trends in the average annual dynamics of landscapes will allow to correctly assess the potential and resistance of natural landscapes, as well as the state and availability of rehabilitation for abandoned cultural landscapes in the high belt of mountains. The integration of such parameters can be carried out within the framework of various matrices of operational-territorial units, the most important of which is the matrix of river watersheds, which allows to directly record changes in the material-energy flows that control the functioning of mountain landscapes. The example of the Chechen Republic illustrates the possibilities of GIS-modelling and mapping in solving problems of sustainable development.
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Linh, Vu Thi Phuong, Kelly Shannon i Bruno De Meulder. "Contested Living with/in the Boeng Chhmar Flooded Forests, Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia". Land 11, nr 11 (18.11.2022): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112080.
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The paper is based on empirical research of a territorial transect in Cambodia’s Tonle Sap floodplain. The flooded forests of the Tonle Sap Lake are determined by a significant seasonal flood of up to 13 m, where a large gradient of wetness and alluvia flow and dramatically transform the territory. The paper zooms into a case study of the inhabited RAMSAR area of Boeng Chhmar with its five floating villages, which are dispersed along seasonal waterways. Boeng Chhmar is one of the richest symbiotic habitats in the world and its inhabitants completely rely on the flooded forest’s natural cycles for settling, subsistence fishing, and forest−gathering activities. From two opposite landscape transformation processes, Khmer indigenous practices and State development procedures, the paper unravels the logics of settling, coexistence, and contestation. On the one hand, local daily practices are embedded in seasonal floods and forest lifecycles, coexisting, and reconfiguring the inhabited wild for subsistence living. On the other hand, State development through history has centered on (de)−(re)forestation and modern landscape construction for commercially exploitative practices. Forest logging and large−scale fishing lots extracted enormous quantities of natural resources and compromised the health and natural regenerative capacity of the ecological system. This also undermined the ago−old legacy of inhabitant’s ways of settling in and with the landscape. Today, State operations face challenges from both nature itself and cultural resistance. The findings for the paper are based on multi−scalar interpretive mapping. The tracing of morpho−typologies and landscape transformation processes allows multiple narratives to be translated into spatial terms. The coexistence and contestation in Boeng Chhmar and the Tonle Sap can provide spatial insights into contemporary forest and water urbanisms, especially concerning local material cultural practices and landscape transformation.
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Benson, Nettie. "The Elections of 1809: Transforming Political Culture in New Spain". Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 20, nr 1 (2004): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2004.20.1.1.
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In the face of French occupation, the people of Spain in 1809 organized a Junta Suprema Central y Gubernativa del Reino (Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom) to represent all the Spanish Monarchy, including the American territories, to coordinate resistance against the French and to sustain and finance the Monarchy in the absence of the Spanish king. Elections of representatives to the Junta Central were held throughout the Spanish world during the year. This article relates the processes and results of the elections in New Spain and examines their importance in the development of a democratic political culture in pre-independence Mexico.
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Debono, Deborah, Hamish Robertson i Joanne Travaglia. "Organisational communication as trespass: a patient safety perspective". Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, nr 7/8 (7.11.2019): 835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-10-2018-0310.
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Purpose Significant, sustained improvement in patient safety has proved an intractable goal. Attempts to address persistent problems have largely focused on technical solutions to issues conceptualised as clinical, cultural or system based. While communication is at the core of many remediation strategies, the focus has remained largely on communication between clinicians or between clinicians and patients, and on creating centralised guidelines as communicative mechanisms to transmit approved practice. Yet, current attempts at improvement have had limited impact. The purpose of this paper is to highlight vital new ways of conceptualising and exploring the relations and actions that are meant to constitute safety within organisations. Design/methodology/approach Utilising theory from social sciences, the authors reconceptualise trespass and transgression, traditionally positioned as infringements, as acts of resistance: mechanisms for intrusion which intentionally or unintentionally disrupt the territorial claims of professions and organisations to enhance patient safety. Findings Drawing on the literature, research and professional experience, two forms of trespass are discussed: the intrusion of largely invisible and understudied ancillary staff into the world of clinicians; and the use of workarounds by clinicians themselves. In both cases, transgressors intend to increase rather than decrease patient safety and may, upon further examination, prove to do so. Originality/value Trespasses and transgressions considered in this light offer the opportunity to make visible people, relationships and actions which have previously remained hidden in our understanding of, and therefore proposed solutions to, patient safety.
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Dutta, Rishav. "(Re)fashioning the Tribal Self-image: Reading Contemporary Tribal Writings from India in Translation". New Literaria 04, nr 02 (2023): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.48189/nl.2023.v04i2.009.
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Tribal voices are perennially absent in the domains of disciplinary knowledges. Contemporary indigenous writings from different parts of the world contest this archival and textual invisibility of the indigenous subject by documenting the unremitting pain and anguish these communities undergo due to systematic territorial displacement and cultural dislocations. Literary narratives originating within these indigenous communities transcend paradigms of literature by offering a dynamic repertoire of indigenous epistemic practices and lived experiences. Keeping this understanding broadly in the background and contemporary tribal literature(s) from India at the focal point, this paper proposes to argue that critical readings of such texts problematize predominant discourses of ‘indigeneity’. Embedded within the (neo)colonial ethnic stereotypes is the reductionist understanding of ‘indigeneity’ which puts forward a dualistic image of the tribal subject who is either an innocent, vulnerable relic of the past requiring preservation or a savage primitive needing subdual. Contemporary tribal writings from India offer a critical departure from rigid one-dimensional reading of the tribal character/person. By getting further translated into multiple Indian languages and in English, these narratives carry the potential to respond to contexts of suffering, displacement and persecution far removed from the spatiotemporal boundaries of the local context in which they originate. Hence, the act of translation not only ensures mobility to such texts but creates new space(s) for similar narratives of indigenous resistance to engage with each other and also extend the practice of tribal self-fashioning.
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Lucio, Carlos, i David Barkin. "Postcolonial and Anti-Systemic Resistance by Indigenous Movements in Mexico". Journal of World-Systems Research 28, nr 2 (25.08.2022): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2022.1113.
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Indigenous resistance against neoliberalism reveals numerous social transformations and political contributions in the context of a postcolonial transition from the world-system. The Mexican indigenous movement, inspired by the Zapatista rebellion, renewed conversations between the country's diverse indigenous peoples but also established new alliances with non-indigenous sectors of national society in defense of the commons and alternative ways of life to the civilizational order of capital. The radicalism, led by the indigenous peoples in their process of transformation into a social subject deploys new forms of collective action that break with the ideological discourses and narratives of modernity. As in other parts of the global South, communities in Mexico are actively engaged in consolidating their ability to govern themselves, through strategies of autonomy and self-determination, providing a wide variety of services to improve the quality of life of their members, diversifying their productive base and renewing their cultural heritage, while defending and caring for their territories. The indigenous movement is currently experiencing a conceptual and discursive renewal that inverts the assimilationist thesis implicit in the slogan of “Never again a Mexico without us,” from which their historical exclusion in the project of nation was questioned, to “We, without Mexico" that poses a radical questioning of the worn-out model of the nation-state, which assumes as its main objective to think (and act) beyond the State and capital. As part of international networks and alliances, they are engaged in leaving the world-system.
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Prasetijo, Adi. "Livelihood Transformations of the Orang Rimba as Tacit Resistance in the Context of Deforestation". Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi 1, nr 1 (1.12.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/endogami.1.1.1-13.
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The Orang Rimba are one of the hunter-gatherer groups remaining in Sumatra. Their livelihoods are based on managing the forest in which they live. They follow the tradition of natural resource management that is based on non-wood forest products (Ø. Sandbukt, 1988). State policies that focus on economic development since the New Order regime have ultimately affected their lives. Many forest areas and the territories in which they practice nomadism are being converted into plantations, agricultural land, and residential development, which all contribute to the condition of deforestation. State policy also does not favor the Indigenous people. If we look at spatial development in Jambi over the past 25 years, the allocation of land for other uses, such as residences, estates, and physical development, has shown little regard for the indigenous people who live in the forest region. Orang Rimba have no area left in which to roam and continue their lives as traditional hunters and gatherers. Cut off from their cultural roots, they cannot any longer live in accordance with their culture and tradition. As a group, they suffer both physical and socio-cultural displacement. Orang Rimba react to this situation in different ways to transform their livelihoods into a survival mode in order to face the everyday reality of accelerated deforestation. Under these new circumstances, Orang Rimba livelihoods can be regarded as ‘tacit resistance’ or, to use James Scott’s term, a ‘hidden transcript’ of the weapons of the weak(Scott, 1985). They use a variety of ways to make a living, both economic and sociocultural. NGOs also have a prominent role to support the Orang Rimba. NGOs assist the Orang Rimba to put themselves in a position parallel to other communities. This paper will look at the impact of Jambi spatial policies that have been unfavorable to Indigenous People and how the Orang Rimba respond to them
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Hemmings, Alan D., Sanjay Chaturvedi, Elizabeth Leane, Daniela Liggett i Juan Francisco Salazar. "Nationalism in Today’s Antarctic". Yearbook of Polar Law Online 7, nr 1 (5.12.2015): 531–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211-6427_020.
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Whilst nationalism is a recognised force globally, its framing is predicated on experience in conventionally occupied parts of the world. The familiar image of angry young men waving Kalashnikovs means that the idea that nationalism might be at play in Antarctica has to overcome much instinctive resistance, as well as the tactical opposition of the keepers of the present Antarctic political arrangements. The limited consideration of nationalism in Antarctica has generally been confined to the past, particularly “Heroic-Era” and 1930s–1940s expeditions. This article addresses the formations of nationalism in the Antarctic present. Antarctic nationalism need not present in the same shape as nationalisms elsewhere to justify being called nationalism. Here it occurs in a virtual or mediated form, remote from the conventional metropolitan territories of the states and interests concerned. The key aspect of Antarctic nationalism is its contemporary form and intensity. We argue that given the historic difficulties of Antarctic activities, and the geopolitical constraints of the Cold War, it has only been since the end of that Cold War that a more muscular nationalism has been able to flourish in Antarctica. Our assessment is that there at least 11 bases upon which Antarctic nationalism might arise: (i) formally declared claims to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica; (ii) relative proximity of Antarctica to one’s metropolitan territory; (iii) historic and institutional associations with Antarctica; (iv) social and cultural associations; (v) regional or global hegemonic inclinations; (vi) alleged need in relation to resources; (vii) contested uses or practices in Antarctica; (viii) carry-over from intense antipathies outside Antarctica; (ix) national pride in, and mobilisation through, national Antarctic programmes; (x) infrastructure and logistics arrangements; or (xi) denial or constraint of access by one’s strategic competitors or opponents. In practice of course, these are likely to be manifested in combination. The risks inherent in Antarctic nationalism are the risks inherent in unrestrained nationalism anywhere, compounded by its already weak juridical situation. In Antarctica, the intersection of nationalism with resources poses a particular challenge to the regional order and its commitments to shareable public goods such as scientific research and environmental protection.
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Khdir, Rebaz R., i Hiwa Mahmood Abdalla. "The Kurdish Armed Struggle in Turkey and the Scope of International Law". Journal of University of Raparin 10, nr 3 (29.09.2023): 680–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(10).no(3).paper30.
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The Kurdish issue is one of the complex issues in the Middle East region that has along bloody history. Although the issue is originally related to the sovereignty of the Kurds over their historical land, the geopolitical changes has transformed it into the question of identity and group rights in the states into which they are divided. Turkey is one of the region’s new states where the majority of Kurds reside in today but the state denies their distinct ethnic identity in its constitution and laws and they have consequently been deprived of all collective civil and political rights in the form of democratic autonomy. Meanwhile, the Kurds have a distinct historical tradition, cultural homogeneity, linguistic unity and territorial connection which ultimately make them qualify as a people and according to modern international law, all peoples have the right to self-determination at least in an internal context. In contrast to the state denial and tyrannical policy, the Kurds have not kept their silence but resisted the state. In their resistance, they have tried to resort to peaceful means in the form of demands and agreements and in contemporary times through political and civil parties and organizations but the state has not and does not allow such a movement. This article attempts to illustrate the origins of the issues which are rights and freedoms of the Kurds on the bases of a discriptive analytical method, alongside the recognition of the Kurdish struggle in Turkey as terrorism by the international community under the influence of Turkish media and diplomacy.