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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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1

Mohamud, Koshin. "Electronic health records in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739555.

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Objectives: First, to identify the core Electronic Health Records (EHR) functionalities available to physicians who work in private and public health care facilities in Trinidad and Tobago and the extent to which physicians are using each function. Second, to understand the rate of adoption of Electronic Health Records in private and public hospitals/clinics, and finally, to identify the barriers to adoption of Electronic Health Records in private and public hospitals/clinics in Trinidad and Tobago. Background: The two largest public hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain General Hospital and San Fernando General Hospital, utilized paper medical records. In Trinidad and Tobago, there is little known about the EHR functions available and being used, adoption rates, and barriers to adoption of EHR in the private and public sectors. Method: Electronic Health Records (n = 130) questionnaires were sent to number of health care practices in the private and public facilities in the five regions of Trinidad and Tobago, in order to understand availability and use of EHR, adoption rates, and barriers to the use of EHR. Results: The most commonly available function for the private and public physicians was Health Information and Data with respective scores of 58% and 29%. Sixty-three percent of the private physicians who adopted EHR reported using the Result Management and Order Management functions. The public physicians who had adopted EHR reported they were not utilizing the Decision Support, Result Management, and Order Management functions. There was no statistical difference between private and public physicians for the available and used functions. A total of 53 private and 19 public physicians responded to the survey (55% response rate). Thirteen (25%) private physicians reported adopting EHR and 2(11%) public physician reported adoption of EHR. Private and public physicians cited start-up cost and technical limitations of systems as the barriers to their practices' adoption of EHR. Conclusion: Findings showed the same availability and use of core functionalities, as well as adoption rate among the private and public facilities, and slightly fewer barriers in the private practices. A larger sample is merited to understand if there is any statistically significant difference between the two groups.

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2

Mohammed, Zameer. "Industry-academia collaborations| Implications for Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3648299.

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Practices of collaborative relationships between industry and academia have a long-standing history traced to the time when prototypes of modern universities emerged in the medieval period. The purpose of this quantitative study was to identify the extent of agreements in stakeholder perceptions on the benefits of industry-academia collaborations for sustainable growth in Trinidad and Tobago. One hundred and thirty three persons participated in 13-item survey instrument over the Internet from industry and academia in Trinidad and Tobago to measure perceptions. The measurements were in goal achievement, benefits, satisfaction levels, influences, barriers, and key success factors. The unit of analysis was individuals from industry and academia. Analysis of the data revealed that perceptions to goal achievement from both industry and academia towards collaborative relations ranged from important to very important. Benefits to industry and academia ranged from important to very important while the perceived influences from Government were indifferent. The main barriers to collaborative relations were communications, leadership, and cultural awareness. The key findings were significant differences between industry and academia perceptions on additional income for universities as a goal of collaborative relations; joint representation on technical committees as a means of information; lack of entrepreneurial culture and communication as a barrier to collaborative relations. The recommendations include the need for entrepreneurial development and improved communications among the stakeholders as a pre-requisite to success in collaborative partnerships.

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3

Swift, Kieron K. E. "ICT4D policy for Trinidad and Tobago : discursive constructions". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/67353/.

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This thesis uses a contextual case study approach covering the period 1985 to 2011 to examine the construction of Trinidad and Tobago's ICT4D policy as discourse. The guiding theory of method is contextualism as described in Pettigrew (1990), according to whom a contextual analysis can be characterised as: processual, by emphasising the evolution of actions embedded in specific contexts (structural and otherwise) over time; multi-stakeholder, by recognising the competing viewpoints of reality perceived by actors at different levels; longitudinal, by considering both historical and contemporary views of actions and events. Consistent with this approach a framework has been adopted here that views policy as an iterative process involving the generation of texts from events, the translation of texts into narratives, and competition between alternative narratives resulting in institutions, which, in turn, enable and constrain events. This framework facilitates understanding interactions between actors at multiple levels across time. There are three original contributions to knowledge made in this thesis. Firstly, I have proposed an analytical framework that integrates three separate bodies of literature. The discursive model of institutionalization of Phillips, Lawrence and Hardy (2004) and the ‘policy as discourse' approach of Shaw & Greenhalgh (2008) and Shaw (2010) are integrated by way of a bridge, the ‘trading zones' concept of Galison (1997) as extended by Collins, Evans, & Gorman (2007). Thereby, I developed a series of analytical constructs that can be used for contextual policy research, especially in developing countries where dominant policy narratives constrain and moderate discursive exchange when those policy narratives - which were originally articulated in advanced economies - are subsequently transferred into developing countries. Secondly, I have empirically applied the framework to the study of ICT4D policy construction in Trinidad and Tobago, generating new insights in the process. In so doing I critically examined the process of constructing policy as discourse with the aim of identifying ways in which policy could be done differently. A key finding is that the process of discursively transferring previously existing policy narratives into new contexts can result in one of three outcomes: no change - if the introduction of policy narratives had no impact whatsoever on institutions (either by creating new ones, or disrupting existing ones); the construction of policy pidgins (semi-specific yet incomplete proto-languages that mediate discursive transfer) - when discursive transfer, imitation and assemblage of narratives partially occurs; or the construction of policy creoles (full-fledged languages that facilitate not only discursive transfer, but social action) - if the discursive transfer is complemented by translation, editing and social embedding. Thirdly, I developed a model of policy creolization through which the two main factors that influence the emergence of policy pidgins and, eventually, policy creoles (both viewed as particular forms of institutions) in a setting of discursive construction were identified, namely:  The length of the temporal window over which policy actors have an opportunity to develop interactional expertise to transfer, imitate and assemble narratives, and eventually to translate, edit and embed those narratives into social actions;  The degree of intentionality of the discursive action, and subsequently the social action, that policy actors engage in, noting that there are three categories of social action: o Intentional action – which deliberately conveys particular ideas through texts. o Consequential action – which is generated as a by-product of ongoing dialogue among actors during which they may draw on broader narratives. o Emergent action – which arises through discursive contestation and struggle in ways that were not necessarily intended or predicted. This highlights that both intentionality and time are required to bridge the knowledge gaps present between the different contexts, and even so, that the policy construction process in the new context requires practitioners to develop non-trivial levels of interactional expertise. This thesis has implications for policy practice on two fronts. Firstly, the framework can be employed to assist policymakers in creating policy creoles through coordination and interaction between external mainstream narratives and alternative narratives, including those that are locally derived. In doing so, policymakers and policy analysts can unpack the conceptual constructions of their subject domain, learn how to engage with new domains (and thereby gain interactional expertise) and uncover the latent power dynamics that are reinforced by lack of critical analysis. Secondly, application of the framework provides a means of assessing institutional dynamics. This is important because of the powerful normative, cognitive and regulative functions institutions play on the development of new institutions, and ultimately on social action.
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4

Hosein, Roger. "Export led growth : the Trinidad and Tobago experience". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621618.

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5

Spielmann, Florabelle. "Combats de bâtons de Trinidad : une anthropologie de l’honneur". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0635.

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À Trinidad, les joueurs de bâtons (stick-fighters) se mesurent chaque année dans le cadre de combats organisés pendant la saison de carnaval. Chaque assaut se caractérise par un coup de bâton porté par l’un des assaillants en direction de la tête de son adversaire, obligeant ce dernier à se défendre. Les combats durent cinq minutes tout au plus et s’arrêtent au premier sang versé. Par-delà la mise en jeu de l’intégrité corporelle, les combats de bâtons sont l’objet d’une passion indéfectible de la part des stick-fighters et de celles et ceux qui se retrouvent chaque année pendant la saison de carnaval autour de cette pratique. La matière ethnographique rend compte d’un ensemble d’éléments qui lient et identifient cette communauté rituelle, des constructions sociales spécifiques sédimentent le collectif. Les catégories de pensées et d’actions qui donnent sens au matériau collecté font état de la prédominance de la notion d’honneur, une notion d’honneur qui s’enracine dans une construction territorialisée des identités. Les construits identitaires des stick fighters et des membres de la communauté s’élaborent à partir du territoire de leur lignée familiale. Ce territoire d’appartenance est à la source des processus d’identification/différenciation qui sont les leurs dans le vécu qu’ils ont de cette pratique. Le bâton est le signe distinctif d’un ordre guerrier dans lequel on entre par la naissance et auquel on reste lié jusqu’à la mort. Mettant en jeu le prestige du stick fighter, de sa famille, de son village ou de son quartier, les combats de bâtons sont l’expression d’un corpus de valeurs partagé par le groupe. L’exercice de ces combats relève d’une éthique martiale où les vertus guerrières font l’objet d’une performance. L’anthropologie de l’honneur proposée dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche renseigne ainsi sur les processus de construction d’identités sociales et culturelles à l’œuvre au sein des Amériques noires.
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6

Millar, Nathan Peter. "The influence of habitat and the visual systems of predators on the evolution of male colour in guppies, Poecilia reticulata /". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99191.

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The colour of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) evolves as a compromise between sexual selection (favouring conspicuousness) and natural selection (favouring crypsis). However, guppies live in a variety of habitats and with a variety of predators and consequently in a variety of selective environments. I investigated how habitat and predator's visual systems affect the evolution of colour. I used regressions to assess the importance of habitat features on the evolution of colour for 29 guppy populations. I then quantified the colour of guppies living in the presence and absence of two predators. The prawn predator is insensitive to orange light while the fish predator is insensitive to ultraviolet light. Habitat explained some variation in colour, but not in a consistent manner. Guppies living with the prawn were more orange and guppies living with the fish had more ultraviolet reflectance, providing evidence for the use of these aspects of colour as private signals.
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7

Spaner, Dean Michael. "Maize (Zea mays L.) production in Trinidad & Tobago : development, agronomic, and breeding perspectives". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40447.

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Increasing maize production in Trinidad & Tobago could reduce imports and lessen dependency on foreign markets for food and feed. A review of large maize development projects and a survey of maize farmers on small landholdings indicated that mechanized production of maize grain is technically and economically impractical. Maize is normally grown and harvested in the green immature stage by small-scale farmers as a fast, easy, and relatively profitable sideline vegetable crop. An imported hybrid and an improved local landrace (ICTA Farm Corn) yielded more green maize than a Mexican-bred locally-distributed variety, following early (June) rainy season plantings. Hybrid and local unimproved open-pollinated maize were grown with two levels of weed control and with two levels of fertilizer application following late (November) rainy season plantings. For commercial carnival season production of green maize on productive soils in Trinidad, the purchase of imported hybrid seed is economically justifiable, but high inputs into weed control and fertility management may not be needed. A consumer preference study of the main varietal types eaten as boiled ears indicated panelists could not discern differences when seasoned with Creole seasoning, but preferred yellow, large-eared varieties when not seasoned. In a series of 11 variety trials on Inceptisolic and Ultasolic soils in Trinidad, imported hybrids and ICTA Farm Corn consistently yielded greater than 9 other varieties. Grid mass selection for ear weight and ear size was carried out in ICTA Farm Corn. Green maize ear length (1.9% cycle$ sp{-1}$), width (1.5% cycle$ sp {-1}$), and ear weight (2.4% cycle$ sp{-1}$) increased linearly with selection, leading to increases in green marketable (4.4% cycle$ sp{-1}$), green total (3.0% cycle$ sp{-1}$), and grain yield ha$ sp{-1}$ (4.3% cycle$ sp{-1}$). Phenotypic correlations indicated high levels of association between grain yield and both green marketable ear weight (r = 0.91
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8

Paddington, Luke. "An appraisal of environmental management in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/MQ64178.pdf.

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9

Mc, Letchie Alison. "The parasitic oligarchy? The elites in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, University of South Carolina, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561817.

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The existence of an elite class within societies is often a topic of research in the study of inequality of power and influence. Researchers, however, acknowledge that the nature and composition of the elite varies. Trinidad and Tobago, with its colonial history and diverse population has had to confront issues surrounding access to power by various groups within the society. One driving force of the 1970s Black Power Revolution was the practice of color discrimination in the banking industry. Informed by Mills' (1956) elite theory and rooted in Beckford's (1972) economic theory, this project surveys the elite of Trinidad and Tobago. I examine three important national sectors: business, the judiciary, and the National Senate—all appointed positions—to explore which groups have access to positions of power and influence. Information was collected with regards to individuals' terms of service or length of appointments, type of appointment, ethnicity, religion, gender and the high school they graduated from. While some of the data are incomplete, women are unrepresented and Whites over-represented across all three sectors.

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10

Crispo, Erika. "Factors influencing gene flow in guppies". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82212.

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Two processes may lead to genetic divergence among populations. One is mediated by geography, whereby physical barriers and geographic distance limit gene flow among populations, resulting in divergence due to drift or mutation. Another is ecological speciation, whereby populations adapt to their local environments via natural selection, and gene flow is impeded by selection against dispersers in favor of adapted residents. I used natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to determine the relative influence of these two processes in the structuring of populations. If geography is playing a strong role, I predicted that gene flow would be greatly impeded by physical barriers and geographic distance. If ecology is playing a strong role, I predicted that gene flow would decrease with increasing strength of divergent selection among populations. Specifically, I examined the relative roles of physical barriers, geographic distance, predation, and various other habitat features (e.g. canopy cover, water velocity) on the amount of gene flow among populations. I was thus able to determine whether natural selection or decreased dispersal plays a greater role in the reduction of gene flow. I found that physical barriers and geographic distance played a large role in the regulation of gene flow among populations. Predation and physical habitat features did not play a role in the reduction of gene flow. My research clarifies the mechanisms involved in speciation and the production and maintenance of biodiversity, important issues in conservation and evolutionary biology.
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11

Schwartz, Amy K. "Divergent natural selection and the parallel evolution of mating preferences : a model and empirical test for the origins of reproductive isolation". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82432.

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Ecological speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) as a by-product of adaptation to different selective environments. Parallel patterns of non-random mating by environment type provide strong evidence that ecological speciation has occurred. The processes involved in the origins of RI are more difficult to detect however. One mechanism involves the correlated evolution of mating preferences and sexually selected traits. I developed a conceptual model for detecting RI under various scenarios of mate preference evolution. The model predicts that RI will not evolve if preferences are evolutionarily constrained relative to the preferred traits, but is detectable as long as preferences evolve in parallel. I then applied this framework to an empirical system with populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) adapted to low- and high-predation environments. I measured female mate preferences for male colour and size; traits which are divergent between the two environment types. Preference functions for colour also diverged in the predicted direction. The parallel pattern of preference divergence suggests that divergent natural selection from predators may be contributing to RI between guppy populations.
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Schurland, Leslie Desiree. "Descriptive study of Trinidad as a tourist destination /". Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10715.

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Gordon, Swanne P. "Evolution of fitness in the wild". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98712.

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Environments are changing rapidly, which renders many local populations susceptible to extinction unless they can adapt to these changes. Studies of rapid adaptation commonly document the evolution of individual traits. Overall adaptation however, is a function of fitness itself, rather than the individual traits that contribute to fitness. Although numerous studies provide evidence for the evolution of specific traits on contemporary time scales, no published studies of wild animal populations have examined the evolution of a major fitness component following environmental change. My research demonstrates that an introduced population of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) has adapted to its new environment in less than ten years (13-26 generations). This adaptation consists of several phenotypic traits that have changed in the expected direction. Most critically, the introduced population now has higher survival than its ancestral source population when both are tested together in the introduction site. These results show that important components of fitness can evolve rapidly in populations, and that this evolution might influence the persistence of populations in the face of environmental change.
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Logie, Carol A. (Carol Ann). "School effectiveness : case studies of four elementary schools in Trinidad". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63284.

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15

Taylor, Ewart Harrison Ulric Baker Paul J. "Perceived organizational effectiveness of secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1987. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8806868.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1987.
Title from title page screen, viewed August 31, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Paul J. Baker (chair), Ronald S. Halinski, Mary Ann Lynn, William C. Rau, Clayton F. Thomas. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-185) and abstract. Also available in print.
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16

Bullard-Roberts, Angelle L. "Medicinal Plants of Trinidad and Tobago: Selection of Antidiabetic Remedies". FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2546.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of non-infectious diseases that cause hyperglycemia. DM symptoms were first clinically described by ancient Greek physicians whose prescriptions included plant-based remedies. Today, DM affects >400 million people globally and prevalence rates are rapidly increasing in developing countries where basic healthcare relies on local knowledge of botanical remedies. Many developing countries are home to diverse peoples and plants—providing fodder for varied plant-selection strategies and unique botanical pharmacopoeias. I addressed the plant-selection strategies used in a multi-ethnic, developing country, Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), to ascertain their role in shaping the local antidiabetic pharmacopoeia and to assess their benefits and risks in identifying safe and useful remedies. Using literature reviews, field surveys, and laboratory bioassays, I completed three categories of analysis. Ethnobotanical analyses showed that T&T’s antidiabetic pharmacopoeia is primarily of recent origin as >50% of the 48 historical DM remedies were Neotropical natives, including congenerics of well-known medicinal Paleotropical genera. Nevertheless, conservative knowledge transmission was also evident as several Paleotropical species of T&T’s pharmacopoeia, including Momordica charantia and Catharanthus roseus were also used in Africa, India and across the Caribbean. Paleotropical natives with a long history of use are likely to be safer remedies. Ethno-medicinal analyses of the pre- and post-2000 DM remedies of T&T, totaling 99 species, suggest that the centuries-old hot/cold folk disease-model was the model predominantly used in plant-selection. Parallels found between T&T folk concepts and biomedical mechanisms of DM provide probable bases for efficacy but the chronic use of purgatives and bitter-tasting plants is likely to be risky. Phytochemical analyses revealed that 69% of the tested plant extracts contained phenolic compounds, with more than half producing >80% alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Phenolic content and alpha-glucosidase inhibition were strongly correlated among food plants used as medicines, suggesting higher probability of selection as a result of non-target effects. The medicinal use of food plants may provide the best margins of safety and efficacy in identifying antidiabetic remedies. Together, these analyses showed how culture-specific plant-selection strategies can identify safe, useful remedies for developing countries to address their increasing DM prevalence in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.
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Phillip, Dawn Arlene Teresa. "Biodiversity of freshwater fishes of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2832.

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The proximity of the speciose South American continent to Trinidad and Tobago ensures that these islands have a rich and dynamic fauna. According to the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (MacArthur & Wilson 1967), these islands should be subjected to frequent immigrations from the nearby continent, and these additions will, in response, fuel local extinctions to maintain a balance of species richness. The aquatic habitat is further impacted by man's activities, (Government of Trinidad and Tobago 1962; Government of Trinidad and Tobago 1976b) which have the potential to amplify the natural rates of immigration and extinction. Despite the possible consequences, the effects of this disturbance on the fish fauna have not been studied. A survey of the islands' freshwater fishes was therefore carried out to investigate the natural spatial and temporal dynamics of local fish communities, and the effects of anthropogenic perturbations, on these. These baseline data can be used as a benchmark to address some of the problems that are threatening the fish diversity of Trinidad and Tobago. The fish fauna of Trinidad and Tobago is diverse. Total species richness was estimated at between 37 and 40. Four zoogeographic zones were recognised. A zone of Antillean fishes included Tobago and the north coast of Trinidad. A zone of recent colonising South American fauna existed along the south coast of Trinidad. The rest of Trinidad contained a relict South American fauna dating back to the time when Trinidad was still part of the mainland. Included here was a centrally located zone of unstable fauna at risk of local extinction. The fish fauna was temporally dynamic due to frequent colonisation and extinction events. Examination of the historic record showed that observed species richness varied from 38 to 43 between the mid 1950s and the present. During this time there were 15 introductions and 12 local extinctions. A conservative estimate was that a new species was recorded for Trinidad almost every three years. The geographic distribution of species also showed temporal changes which indicated a natural tendency of the fauna to vary over time. Human interference, particularly the introduction of exotic fish species and long-term habitat alteration, has affected species diversity. Forty seven percent of the new introductions and 43% of the extinctions were human-introduced exotics. About four fifths of sites in Trinidad, and almost one fifth of the sites in Tobago, were either perturbed or polluted. Polluted rivers coincided with areas of high urbanisation and industrial development in the west and southwest of Trinidad. Several effects of human interference on the fauna were recorded. Almost 8% of the sites examined contained one of the three exotic species still extant on the island. At each of these sites, the exotic species accounted for between 1.3% and 80.4%, by number, of the fish caught. Some of the effects of habitat disturbance on individual sites were increased frequency of diseases, extirpation of species, changes in species richness and other diversity measures, and the eventual regression of the fish community to opportunistic species (r-strategists). The potential of two fishes, Poecilia reticulata and Astyanax bimaculatus, as indicator species was examined. Astyanax showed better potential as an indicator of habitat quality as it was not found in depauperate communities, typical of severely disturbed habitats, and its proportional abundance and biomass were negatively affected by pollution. Poecilia populations, on the other hand, were found to be insensitive to habitat quality when the above-mentioned criteria were used. They did, however, have a high frequency of diseased individuals at polluted sites. One of the aims of conservation is to protect that portion of biodiversity most at risk of extinction, the rare species (Rabinowitz 1986). Over 70% of freshwater fish species found in Trinidad and Tobago were classified as rare in these islands. This fact, in addition to the loss of diversity recorded for some sites indicates that the implementation of a management strategy for the conservation of the freshwater fish fauna of Trinidad and Tobago is imperative. The management strategy should focus on the amelioration and protection of aquatic habitats since at least 80% of the rare species had either a restricted geographic distribution or narrow habitat specificity. Additionally, protection from overexploitation should be offered to commercially important species with only small populations. Finally, a minimum sample size of 35 sites, spread over different zoogeographic areas, is recommended for estimating species richness for monitoring, an intrinsic part of any management strategy.
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Small-Clouden, Lystra. "Globalization, assimilation, culture erasure| A review of Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3723119.

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The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between globalization and assimilation (dependent variables), and four contributing factors of culture, value, norms, and identity (independent variables) to determine whether managers in Trinidad and Tobago devalue their own culture to assimilate into a global culture. A researcher-constructed survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of respondents. The survey was analyzed utilizing both parametric and nonparametric statistical tools to answer five Research Subquestions. The one-sample t test was an appropriate tool to establish construct reliability and validity of assumptions for this quantitative study. Values were established to support the level of statistical significance for (p < 0.05) effect as follows: a medium effect size (f2 = .15), alpha = .0.05, power = .80, yielding an acceptable sample size of 85 participants. Based on the evaluation of the statistical data, it was concluded (a) there was an impact of demographic factors on culture, values, norms, and identity; (b) global factors had no impact on culture, values, norms and identity; (c) the Trinidad and Tobago manager assimilated during international business meetings; (d) there was an impact of assimilation on culture, values, norms and identity in Trinidad and Tobago; and (e) there was no change in management behavior during international business meetings. Three implications resulted from the findings. First, from a theoretical perspective, based on the analysis of culture, managers were unaware of culture erasure. Second, from a scientific merit perspective, the ANOVA method optimized and validated causal-comparative effect of both measurement and structural models with the inclusion of interrelationships effects between variables. Finally, from a practical perspective, respondents perceived global factors had no impact on culture, but assimilation had a negative impact on culture. Based on the results, it was assumed the unique and distinguishable aspects of culture are disappearing, and the effects of globalization and assimilation have caused an unconscious reprogramming of collective behaviors, which resulted in culture erasure.

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19

Kiely, Ray. "The politics of labour and development in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/74151/.

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This thesis is a labour history of Trinidad and Tobago, concentrating on the period from 1937 to 1990. The study attempts to show that there is not a unified or homogenous working class, and for this reason both traditional Marxist and industrial relations theories are rejected. Instead, the history of labour focuses on how the working classes have been divided by factors such as race, gender, class structure and politics. These divisions are used as an explanation for the absence of a popular socialist party in the country. It concludes that the economic recession of the 1980s has led to the worst crisis in the history of the labour movement, but at the same time, this has laid the framework for a new strategy of social movement unionism, which attempts to constructively engage with, rather than ignore, divisions within the working classes. The main sources of data were documentary and archival material, and in particular, reports made by the British TUC and Colonial Office, industrial relations legislation, and trade union and political party documents and manifestoes. For the contemporary period, these sources of data were supplemented by fifteen interviews with leading figures in trade union and labour politics. The work is based on a macro approach to the study of labour, and as such constitutes a new and original approach to the study of labour in Trinidad and Tobago. In addition, more contemporary trade union documents and interviews provided the researcher with new and original material.
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20

Khan, Shereen Alima. "Mathematics proficiency of primary school students in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10256768.

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To address the problem of underperformance in mathematics, Trinidad & Tobago introduced national tests to provide feedback to stakeholders, so that well-targeted interventions can be planned. After more than a decade of generating and sharing reports on performance with these stakeholders, results of national tests remained much the same. It was evident that the feedback was ineffective in instituting the desired changes. In keeping with Vygotsky’s notion that instruction can be improved by teaching within the child’s Zone of Proximal Development, this study devised a model, incorporating the principle of assessment for learning to provide feedback on student performance.

Data from the 2015 mathematics (Standard 3) national test was analysed to describe the proficiencies of students within each of four performance levels. Using a mixed methods design, a sample of 180 scripts was analysed to determine content-specific proficiencies. These were categorised into (i) what students know and can do (Zone of Achieved Development), (ii) what they can do with help (Zone of Proximal Development) and (iii) what they cannot do.

The findings indicated that students in the lower performing groups had deficiencies in reading and comprehension skills and this impacted on their mathematics performance. Division and multiplication algorithms posed difficulties for these students. Performance in measurement was poor, with only the top performing group demonstrating proficiency in this strand. Items requiring higher order thinking were challenging for all students. Inability to carry out mathematical modeling prevented students from obtaining correct answers to questions covering almost half of the test.

A key recommendation is that teachers be given support in planning and instructional strategies to cater for all learners. Intense, ongoing professional development, targeting problem solving, mathematical modeling, and teaching algorithms was recommended. To enable learners to experience more depth and less breadth in achieving competence in measurement, reform in curricula demands, assessment techniques and instructional strategies was suggested.

The study also called for re-conceptualising the design and implementation of national assessment. Such approaches should incorporate models that provide feedback on all curricula outcomes on a continuous basis, and empower teachers to analyse classroom data so as to diagnose student deficiencies.

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21

Mycoo, Michelle. "Water provision improvements : a case study of Trinidad :". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40207.

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Government expenditure on infrastructure has been high in most developing countries. However, though access to services has broadened, the general condition of infrastructure is poor, and the quality of service has deteriorated. Water services is a good example of this problematique.
The purpose of this thesis is to provide a demand-oriented perspective on water provision for domestic users. The thesis examines cost recovery potential based on household willingness to pay more for an improved service and water pricing. Also, factors contributing to rising provision costs are explored, with the aim of formulating prescriptions for demand management and lowered costs. The thesis also focuses on institutional strengthening scenarios which achieve a demand orientation in water delivery. To this end, competition in the provision of water services and the regulation of service providers are examined.
A case study of domestic users in Trinidad was undertaken. Households in the main urban area were surveyed to test willingness to pay for water improvements using a questionnaire which incorporated three methodologies; contingent ranking, contingent valuation and the household production function. The household production function examined the revealed preference of consumers, whereas the contingent ranking and contingent valuation considered the stated preference for different features of the water service.
The survey found that most consumers were willing to pay more than twice the current price of water, contingent upon a guaranteed improvement in service, particularly reliability. The main factors influencing willingness to pay were household income, the price of water, number of service hours, and housing and land tenure. The results indicate that while the potential for cost recovery does exist, formulating demand-oriented water policies with a focus on improved reliability is necessary.
Extensive interviews were also conducted with professionals from both local and international agencies involved in the water sector, to elicit their perspectives on the problems of water agencies and possible solutions. There is a consensus among sector professionals that water agencies should emphasize improvements in operational performance, system maintenance and rehabilitation, and quality and reliability of service, instead of increases in capacity through new investments. Professionals took the common position that institutional capacity building was needed to achieve these results.
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22

Dupigny, Lesley-Ann. "An analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of the rainfall and runoff regimes of drainage basins in Trinidad /". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61183.

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The interannual variability of tropical climates, including the tropical Marine climate, is best reflected in the rainfall activity of a given area. The effects of such variability are manifested in a number of ways on the physical landscape. However, this study focused on the ways in which the variability of the rainfall received on the Caribbean island of Trinidad, influenced the resulting streamflow discharges for different basins on the island. Various techniques such as time series analysis and spectral analysis, were used to identify the physical mechanisms, both local and non-variations in the regimes, such that the effects of easterly waves were observed in the rainfall; the Madden-Julian wave was identified in both the precipitation and streamflow regimes; there was evidence of a faster 14-25 day oscillation; and finally, the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone was found to be quasi-periodic in nature.
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23

Nathaniel, Christian. "The Implementation of a Sustainable Biodiesel Industry in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103497.

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24

Buckmire, Dianne C. "Sources of nutrition information for persons living in Trinidad and Tobago". FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1941.

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Health consumers worldwide obtain nutrition information from various sources; however, the sources Trinidadians and Tobagonians accessed were unclear. This cross-sectional, descriptive study ascertained from which sources Trinidadians and Tobagonians obtained nutrition information. Participants (n = 845) were surveyed with questions regarding demographics and nutrition information sources. Nearly 100% agreed nutrition information was important. Persons 18-64 years old mainly accessed print media (p<0.01) and ≥ 65years old predominantly accessed the non-print media. Significantly more tertiary educated people, ≥ 35 years old, retrieved information from print media (p=0.001), health care professionals (p=0.001), food labels (p=0.006), and non-print media (p=0.03) when compared to those < 35 years with similar education. Tertiary educated people (67%), selected the Internet when compared to those with without tertiary education (33%) (p<0.001). Knowing the nutrition information sources accessed, dietitians will be able to provide consistent, accurate, age specific nutrition information and promote healthy eating among Trinidadians and Tobagonians.
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25

Prashad, Diane. "Labour migration : a study of Trinidad and Tobago women and migration". Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12896/.

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Migration has been a significant part of the cultural fabric of the Caribbean islands for centuries. The process began with the discovery and conquest of the islands by European colonials, followed by the forced migration of African slaves and the importation of indentured labourers from the East. Since the mid twentieth century, however, Caribbeans have been leaving the islands. Recent census data from Trinidad and Tobago show that the out-migration of women to the global North has exceeded that of men. This research examines the migration of women from the twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago. Drawing upon interviews with 25 female Trinidadian migrants, the study explores migration to Britain and the United States. I initially seek to answer the why question, by analysing the decision-making process in international migration, and then how women migrate and adapt to a new country and culture. Moreover, I compare migration from Trinidad and Tobago to Britain and the United States, highlighting major similarities and differences in terms of education, race, and employment, which led skilled professional women to migrate to Britain legally while domestic workers settled in the United States illegally. Additionally, I challenge the idea of the forgotten child by presenting a more holistic view of the implications of migration for the left-behind family. I propose that we need to think in terms of a reordering of the Caribbean family unit rather than seeing it, as is common, as a disordered, chaotic institution. I found that the main motivation for women to emigrate is ‘self-sacrifice’ and altruism. Migrant women are disadvantaged and susceptible to various forms of discrimination. Despite this, I argue, women are determined to ‘make it’ through migration in the interest of their families, and they demonstrate their resilience in enduring difficulties in order to create a better future for themselves and their children.
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26

Hayward, Devin. "Sustainable waste management systems and their application in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98966.

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The protection of public health is the basis behind any waste management system while its sophistication is dictated by environmental impact concerns and constraints on the ideal solution. Waste management systems can and should be designed from a sustainable basis. This thesis examines the theoretical basis of sustainable waste management systems and explores their application in Trinidad and Tobago. The transformation of Trinidad's existing waste management system into one which is sustainable begins with a thorough characterization of the existing formal and informal waste management sectors. Their linkages are identified and understood, leading to recommendations towards the alteration of the existing policy/legislation basis, system structure and operations to create a sustainable system. The resources and expertise are in place to complete such a transformation and the resulting system will benefit the nation; converting an antiquated policy of environmental neglect into that which will provide for the earth and future generations.
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27

Bachan-Persad, I. "Press and politics in Trinidad and Tobago : a study of five electoral campaigns over ten years, 2000-2010". Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/22b3f05d-1383-47b6-bc31-48cd19bcbeb9/1.

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This thesis analyzes the role of the press in five political campaigns in Trinidad and Tobago, over a ten year period, from 2000 to 2010. Using framing theory, it seeks to determine if the level of structural and partisan bias in the three daily newspapers in the country was a major factor in the outcome of general elections. This thesis further examines how press coverage of national elections contributed significantly towards development of a healthy democracy in Trinidad and Tobago and this research on media and politics, especially over a defined period of electoral volatility in the country, is the first of its kind in the Caribbean and will complement existing literature written on this subject worldwide. It is also the only comprehensive study on media bias in electoral coverage of political campaigns in Trinidad and Tobago in a context in which there have been public allegations of media bias by political leaders in the country. The two - pronged methodological approach of content analysis, and interviews with media practitioners allow for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of case studies of electoral campaigns using innovative research tools such as a bias scale and coding template, to minimize the margin of error in the analysis. In this thesis the issue of whether the press did have an influential effect on election outcome is also explored. Based on analysis and findings, this thesis proposes a new model of media and politics for countries like Trinidad and Tobago transitioning from a system of authoritarianism to liberalism called an “emerging liberal democratic model”. The evolution of this model is a work in progress which may have implications for other similar societies.
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28

Jowers, Michael Joseph. "Phylogeography and molecular ecology of predators and prey on Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428740.

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29

Hosein, Sharaaz. "A national energy policy proposal for Trinidad and Tobago : natural-gas cogeneration". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392235.

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30

Niranjan, Arnold N. "Dilemmas of corporate governance in state-owned companies in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2012. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20122/.

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This is an interpretivist study based on a general inductive approach of dilemmas that compromise the optimal discharge of corporate governance in state-owned companies in Trinidad and Tobago. This qualitative study investigates and analyses the views and insights of ten (10) Chairmen of state-owned enterprises; it considers similarities and variances of thinking and establishes patterns or modes based on their perception and cognition of corporate governance, risk management and accountability. The statements of cognition are those that recognize how corporate governance ought to be administered; those of perception reveal how corporate governance is discharged on a day-to-day basis in the state-owned companies. The research vindicates the initial hunch and anecdotal evidence; it establishes the existence, nature and chief cause of the dilemmas, the intractable, chronic problems that have defined the practice of corporate governance from the inception of state-owned companies in Trinidad and Tobago. The texts offer rich insights into the practice and understanding of corporate governance while the research methodology teases out from the fabric of the interview literature key words and phrases, placing these words and phrases in matrices, decoding the matrices, and discovering three key and unique patterns. It reveals the struggle chairmen have experienced and still experience as they try to discharge their corporate responsibility. The research environment is one where there is urgent need but too little genuine support for meaningful change; the distortion of corporate governance is aided and abetted by a culture of seeming indifference and apathy. The investigation reveals the extent to which politics (the pericentric pattern) domineers and hinders the attainment of proper corporate governance. It simultaneously demonstrates that there is an understanding of what is required to effect proper governance and it surfaces the chief dilemma which retards the attainment of corporate governance. It examines the importance of governance as a crucible in which ethical maturity is measured and tested and informs thinking that is desirous of instituting fundamental change in a practical and straightforward manner.
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31

Boomert, Arie. "Trinidad, Tobago and the lower orinico interaction sphere : an archaeological-ethnohistorical study /". [Pays-Bas] : [s. n.], 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37633210k.

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32

Chijiwa, Kuniko. "Locating ethnic context mother's characteristics and child mortality in Trinidad and Tobago /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000661.

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33

Agarrat, Sandra Juanita Wall. "Agencification as a Strategy for Implementing Public Policy in Trinidad and Tobago". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1252.

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Trinidad and Tobago is one of 15 small developing states that comprise the regional integration grouping known as the Caribbean Community. Several agencies were recently created outside of the government using a strategy known as agencification to support the implementation of public policy in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. However, there is little available information explaining the rationale for the choice of the strategy, no evidence-based scholarly evaluation found on the effectiveness of these types of agencies, and therefore limited information on whether this strategy results in effective public policy. The purpose of this case study was to gain an in-depth understanding of these semi-autonomous agencies in the implementation of public policy in Trinidad and Tobago as part of the Caribbean Community. The central research question sought to explore the successes, failures, and experiences with executive agencies created through agencification. Principal-agent theory provided the theoretical framework for this qualitative case study. Using a purposive sampling strategy, data were acquired through interviews with 10 individuals representing public servants, agency officials, and academics and a review of public documents. The data were inductively coded and then organized across themes. The findings indicated that while the agencification strategy is being utilized with varying levels of success, several barriers and constraints hamper successful policy implementation. Positive social change implications of this study include direct recommendations for greater autonomy for the directorate of all agencies in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. These recommendations would serve to facilitate the implementation of the policies that they were created to support.
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34

Henry, Cheryl-Ann. "Management of Social Media Usage by Microenterprises in Rural Trinidad and Tobago". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6792.

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Microenterprise owners in developing countries may be uncertain although aware of how to use technologies, such as social media, to advance their economic interests. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to determine how microenterprise owners in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) can benefit from social media usage in their business operations. The conceptual framework was Rogers's innovation decision process. The overarching research question for this study was how microenterprise owners in rural T&T could overcome the uncertainty of using social media for business growth and competitiveness. Data collection involved the administration of a business demographic survey and semistructured interviews with 14 microenterprise owners in rural T&T. Descriptive coding, chunking, and identification of themes comprised of data analysis. The seven emerging themes were that participants (a) expanded on awareness knowledge, (b) leveraged business acumen to manage social media usage, (c) implemented social media strategies competently, (d) treated drawbacks as negative ideas and not as formidable threats, (e) projected confidence in using business acumen to curtail drawbacks, (f) anticipated favorable outcomes from benefits, and (g) confidently relied on business acumen to leverage benefits. Study findings may contribute to positive social change by illuminating the innovative ways that T&T microenterprise owners can use social media to counter the impact of business constraints and enhance their business growth and competitive position. Social media training initiatives by owners, change agents, and government officials may positively impact economic growth for T&T microenterprise owners and others at local and national levels.
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35

Swaratsingh, Kennedy Jerome. "Enhancing Workplace Productivity and Competitiveness in Trinidad and Tobago Through ICT Adoption". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/451.

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The productivity of Trinidad and Tobago's public sector workplaces is related to their absorptive capacity for technological adoption. Guided by the technology acceptance model, which suggests that individuals' and institutions' use of technology increases in relation to perceived ease of use and apparent value, this case study explored how Trinidad and Tobago used information and communications technology from 2001 - 2010 to improve public sector workplace productivity. Study data were collected from 22 individual interviews with senior executives from the government of Trinidad and Tobago, members of the e-business roundtable, and local industry experts, and from reviewing the archives of the Ministry of Public Administration and Information. The data were analyzed using keyword frequency comparison, coding techniques, and cluster analysis. The resulting themes include e-legislation, e-infrastructure, e-readiness, government e-services, and e-business. The study findings showed that Trinidad and Tobago's technology agenda centered primarily on connecting government ministries and agencies. It also ushered in a period of telecommunication liberalization, which provided sustainable and cost effective options for government, citizens, and businesses to access broadband technology services. The results of the study showed that this access to low-costs broadband technology provides a platform for digital inclusion by improving workplace productivity, providing access to additional opportunities for education via an online platform, and increasing employment opportunities.
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36

Malaki, Akhil. "Informal Finance and Microfinance in Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago : An Institutional Study". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis : Almqvist & Wiksell International [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-766.

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37

Amoruso, Michelle. "Re-emerging infectious disease and ethnic stratification Dengue fever in Trinidad and Tobago /". Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3244457.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U., 2007.
Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 18, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-12, Section: A, page: 4593. Adviser: Carolyn Sargent. Includes bibliographical references.
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38

Simmons, Lynette Althea. "A critical evaluation of a teachers'college curriculum in Trinidad and Tobago, 1994-2001". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489354.

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39

Mills, Michele Celine. "Dilemmas and dynamics relating to selection for secondary schooling in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618826.

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The high-stakes eleven plus placement examination has remained a feature of the education systems of many postcolonial Anglophone Caribbean territories. Originally based on a British model, it was introduced to the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago in 1961 and was perceived to be the fairest means of allocating the limited number of secondary school places. The expansion of the secondary sector and the achievement of universal secondary education, however, have had little impact on the selection role and societal significance of the examination in the local context. This qualitative study draws on concepts of cultural and social capital and power, and the theoretical work of sociological and educational researchers such as Bourdieu, Foucault, Bernstein, Dore and Broadfoot, to investigate whose interests are being served by maintaining the selective examination system. This is done with reference to implications that stem from the uncritical transfer of educational and assessment policies and practices to, and within, small states. More specifically, critical discourse analysis, and four detailed school case studies, are employed to examine the extent to which the Trinidad and Tobago eleven plus reproduces patterns of power and social inequity in practice. In developing the arguments, the study draws upon experiential knowledge based on my own varied professional experience within the Trinidad education system. Metaphor informs the stages of data analysis and allows the voices of the research participants to be foregrounded in the presentation of the data. Additionally, metaphor offers an important bridge that connects the findings with the key theoretical concepts that guide the study. The findings suggest that students are unequally positioned in terms of access to the cultural, social and linguistic capital that is taken for granted, and indeed required and rewarded, by the examination. It is argued that the linguistic and cultural competence demanded by the examination process requires initial familiarisation within the family and that those students who are better placed, in terms of the quantity and quality of such capital, have a better feel for the game and a significant advantage at the eleven plus level. These findings are consistent 'With Bourdieu's theory that education systems reproduce the unequal distribution of cultural capital and therefore contribute to the reproduction of inequities in the social structure. in concluding, it is argued that the eleven-plus examination symbolises and is located within the power struggles and ideological disconnections that marked its introduction to Trinidad and Tobago in the 1960s.
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40

Allen, Caroline Frances. "Power, identity and Eurocentrism in health promotion : the case of Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36320/.

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While health promotion is ostensibly concerned with the full range of processes through which people might control and improve their health, this thesis shows that existing approaches and the literature are limited by Eurocentrism, focusing primarily on the health concerns of Western people and obscuring those of others. Following literature review, the thesis examines the historical process of the formation of health promotion as a hegemonic discourse within the West. A worldsystem approach is then used to situate health promotion in a transnational structure, and to analyse health data from Trinidad and Tobago regarding the relevance of health promotion in the Third World. Fieldwork among non-governmental organisations (NG0s) in Trinidad examines interpretations of health promotion, drawing attention to areas of difference from hegemonic discourse and the symbolic identities invoked. Health problems in Trinidad and Tobago were found to be related to patterns and fluctuations in capital accumulation on a transnational scale, with problems usually associated with "modernisation" coexisting with diseases associated with "poverty". Health promotion strategies need to take account of how both production and consumption are structured globally. In their health promotion work, most NGOs blended elements of non- Western understandings, particularly in the area of spirituality, with hegemonic concepts grounded in biomedical science. The postcolonial concept of hybridity is used to analyse responses and resistance to Western discourse. Respondents maintained that spirituality enabled people to transcend racism and to enhance subjective well-being and control over health. The results highlight that to devise appropriate health promotion strategies means to respect difference, not by adopting a position of cultural relativism but by understanding how transnational relationships of power pervade relationships between cultures and affect health. Strategies should nurture the creative expression of local views, contesting the centralisation of knowledge and material resources for health within the West.
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41

De, Gourville Esther Mary. "Heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in Trinidad and Tobago : a sexual partner study". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339207.

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42

Thomas, Deborah Heather-Dawn. "The commercial property development process in Trinidad and Tobago : planning delay in perspective". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239702.

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43

Charles, Keren Carla. "Systems analysis of crime in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the cocaine trade". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77833.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-144).
Crime in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) has escalated in the 2000s and the government is struggling to find the best methods to reduce crime and improve national security. Measures such as hiring an external police commissioner, introducing new bills, community policing and implementing a state of emergency have all been tried, but it seems as though these steps have all failed in achieving their desired goals as crime is still increasing. In this paper, I argue that a systems-thinking approach is needed to understand crime in T&T and to evaluate potential interventions. Using systems analysis, international and national datasets, system dynamic models as well as newspaper reports, I review recent experience, compare T&T with other countries, identify key issues and interactions, and suggest planning recommendations that may help to reduce crime. This paper is an effort to identify planning strategies that can bring about sustainable change in T&T.
by Keren Carla Charles.
M.C.P.
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44

Harris, Charlene, i Lisa R. Dunkley. "A Content Analysis of Newspaper Reports on School Violence in Trinidad and Tobago". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2965.

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Although violence in schools has received increasing attention in the media in Trinidad and Tobago over the past decade, the limited existing data on school violence is concerning. The present investigation utilizes newspaper articles from the three main newspaper outlets as textual data to explore the framing of school violence in Trinidad and Tobago. Research shows the manner in which the media report on school violence influences public perceptions, gives rise to particular attitudes and can influence decisions by policymakers (Jacobs, 2014). This investigation aims to assess for school violence using the question: How is school violence portrayed in print media in Trinidad and Tobago. Specifically, we will examine: 1) the characteristics of these reports on school violence in print media and 2) the similarities and differences between print news sources related to school violence. The exploration of these research questions will provide a framework for exploring how findings on school violence may impact public perception and subsequent prevention of school violence in Trinidad and Tobago.
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45

Annerose, Claudie. "Traces d'hier dans les pratiques sociales d'aujourd'hui en Guadeloupe et à Trinidad et Tobago". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH040.

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Cette thèse part de l’hypothèse que des traces du passé, portées par chacun, habitent le quotidien, comme une sorte de mémoire collective insoupçonnée. Elle se propose en analysant les caractéristiques ou encore la transmission de quelques pratiques sociales (celles liées à la mort, à la religion, à la médecine populaire, au gwoka, au calypso et au conte) de comprendre ce qui se joue au-delà des apparences. A partir de ces expériences d’aujourd'hui, on découvre les apports divers, les dynamiques, les interactions, les ambivalences, ainsi que tout ce qui avait été mis en œuvre pour « braconner » des expressions, se créer des espaces de liberté et commencer à transcender un quotidien douloureux. Il s’avère, cependant que ces traces ne sont pas seulement des vestiges. Elles constituent plutôt un tissu complexe et mouvant construit par des perceptions, des émotions ainsi que des faits véridiques. Ces traces entremêlées d’hier et d’aujourd'hui, sont sans cesse réactivées par ceux qui les reçoivent, les portent et les transmettent à leur tour
This thesis assumes that traces of the past, worn by everyone, inhabit the everyday, as a sort of unsuspected collective memory. In order to understand what is happening beyond appearances, it analyzes the characteristics of the transmission of a few social practices such as those related to death, religion, folk medicine, gwoka, calypso and storytelling. From today experiences, one discovers the various contributions, the dynamics, the interactions, the ambivalences, as well as all that had been implemented to "poach" expressions, to create spaces of freedom and start to transcend a painful reality. It turns out, however, that these traces are not just remnants. They are rather a complex and moving fabric woven by perceptions, emotions as well as truthful facts. These traces, which are those of yesterday and today intermingled, are constantly reactivated by those who receive them, carry them and transmit them in their turn
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46

Holton, Graham E. L., i gelholton@pacific net au. "State Petroleum Enterprises and the International Oil Industry: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago". La Trobe University. Institute of Latin American Studies, 1994. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080304.171849.

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British and US oil companies set up the world's largest oil refinery transhipment complex in the Caribbean after the Suez Crisis and a technological revolution in oil tanker design in 1956. Trinidad and Tobago became one of the world's largest oil refinery and transhipment centres. In 1969 the British oil companies began to withdraw their investments and requested the nationalisation of their assets. In 1985 the US companies withdrew their investments in response to the US government's deregulation of the domestic oil industry and financial incentives to bring their investments back home. Requested nationalisation led to the state-ownership of the oil sector. The government of Trinidad set up state-owned petrochemical and iron and steel industries, with some of the world's most sophisticated technology, to utilise the country's large natural gas reserves. But by 1988 state capitalism had failed to provide the expected economic and social benefits, despite the drain on limited financial reserves and massive foreign loans. The government's reliance on the oil sector as the `prime mover' of the economy had caused sectoral and trade imbalance, high inflation, increased unemployment, currency instability, debt crisis and political instability which culminated in an attempted coup in July 1990. The root cause of the failure of state capitalism was the governments' rush to industrialise and the structure of the state petroleum enterprises. The lack of accountability and responsibility of top management and government interference led to poorly run, unprofitable industries in which government waste and corruption were common.
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47

Rolston, Yansie. "Are you disabled? : social and cultural factors in understanding disability in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2014. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1259/.

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This thesis is an analysis of the under-researched subject of disability in Trinidad and Tobago and presents an understanding of the concepts and contestations of disability as it is lived and experienced by disabled people in T&T. In it disability is explored in the context of identity construction, power relations and self-empowerment, and takes into account the ways in which that identity is shaped by historical events, cultural relations, social interactions and political structures. It identifies the relationships between disability and local social issues through an analysis of the everyday cultural paradigms of religion, kinship, beliefs, rituals, customs and values of the people, and gives particular attention to discrimination within the context of heterogeneity, and the effects that has on disabled people’s contribution to society. The possibilities and limits of claiming a disability identity, and the role of state policy in framing understandings of disability are also explored, as are some of the impacts of those policies on the lives of disabled people. The research took a broadly qualitative approach, drawing on narrative, semi-structured and formal interviews, focus groups, observations and documentary analysis. The research findings and analysis add to the existing disability scholarship by exploring the cultural impositions and social structures that impact on disability experiences in a country of the Global South, and pinpoint some of the limitations present in hegemonic Western discourse when applied in these settings. It highlights the importance of the legacies of colonialism and challenges assumptions that systems of Western modernisation and development can be easily transferred to countries of the South without considering whether or not they are socially or culturally appropriate. The data results have illustrated that disability in T&T is a social construct which diverges in important ways from the dominant Westernised theorisations of disability and in particular, identifies the significance of religion and spirituality in shaping models of reality and value systems, which must be taken into account more fully in disability scholarship, activism and policy in the country.
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48

Ocho, Oscar Noel. "Masculinity, health beliefs and implications for health policy among men in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646557/.

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Background: Over the last three decades, men's health has emerged as an area of research interest. The relationship between male socialization, the performance of masculinity and health behaviour has been well established. Within the Caribbean, however, there is a gap in the literature on how masculinity affects health beliefs and behaviour. Aim: This study explored men's accounts of "doing" masculinity and the implications for health beliefs and behaviours in order to make recommendations for developing male sensitive health services. Methodology: Men between the ages of 19-60 years in Trinidad and Tobago participated in this study during the period August 2011 to January 2012. Fourteen focus group discussions were conducted among men from various socio-demographic groups and twelve semi structured interviews with men involved in clinical and social programs targeting males. Data were coded thematically using inductive and deductive analysis. Findings: This study is a contribution to the literature on masculinity, in general, and masculinity and health in the Caribbean, in particular. Men reported three core elements for performing masculinity: being a provider, being a leader and being heterosexually promiscuous. However, these expectations could not be realized fully in their personal experiences. Men were expected to take risks and show disregard for their own health and yet perceived being healthy as essential for 'being a man'. Views about prostate cancer screening were an example of this tension: men wanted to be healthy, were positive about screening in principle but unwilling to access services. Implications for policy/practice: Men were willing to talk openly about their health risks, suggesting that they might be willing to access services perceived as sensitive to their needs. Health information and services must be developed and implemented with men in mind to encourage greater participation in health service delivery.
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Ramlal, Adesh Reitoo. "Principals’ Experiences Leading Strategic Planning in High-Performing Primary Schools in Trinidad and Tobago". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7722.

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In the education system in Trinidad and Tobago, only 60% of students are achieving mastery in literacy and numeracy as documented by national tests. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore principals’ experiences leading strategic planning designed to increase achievement in literacy and numeracy in 8 high-performing primary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. Fullan’s change process theory provided the framework for the study. Data were collected from interviews with 8 principals. Data analysis included coding, categorizing, and identifying themes. Findings indicated that principals plan, implement, and monitor the facilitation of change processes through in-depth strategies in teaching and learning with a continuous focus on literacy and numeracy. Findings also revealed that there is continuous professional development to support teachers and transform their capacity in practice. The extension and confirmation of knowledge were validated by the change process theory that change process at the campus level of the school must include strategies for improving the school. Findings may be used to evaluate strategic planning quality and assessment practices in low-performing schools in Trinidad and Tobago, and to improve principals’ capacity for effective strategic planning.
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50

Bristol, Laurette Maria Stacy. "Mouth open 'Tory jumpout! Subverting the Colonial legacy of plantation pedogogy in Trinidad and Tobago". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489363.

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Drawing upon the resources of postcolonial perspectives, for both its theoretical and methodological framework, this thesis engages in a critique of teaching in a postcolonial setting. Building upon Best's (1968b) and Levitt's (2005) criticisms of plantation economies the thesis draws on a relationship between education and economy to construct the conceptual framework for understanding plantation pedagogy. The thesis constructs plantation pedagogy as a form of pedagogy which perpetuates the continuation of colonial assumptions through ideological positions that have become endemic to the culture of education in Trinidad and Tobago. Against this understanding. Part One of the thesis sets the methodological, historical and theoretical foundation for the argument that in order for teachers, in Trinidad and Tobago, to transcend the limitations of their inherited understandings of teaching and education, teaching needs to become a more subversive activity.
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