Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Cross-culture”
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Giblin, Christina K. "Bacterial cross talk in mixed culture". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7378.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Wang, Yu Sa. "Cross-border, cross-culture, cross social media-a study of immigrant youth in Macao". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952600.
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Abbassi, Amir. "Culture and Anxiety: a Cross-Cultural Study". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279124/.
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By measuring interactions among and between anxiety and the independent variables of country of origin, gender, level of education, and age, this study attempted to gain insight into how students from different countries experience anxiety on a U.S. college campus. Results of the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and the univariate test(ANOVA) indicated that the gender and level of education of the subjects made no significant difference. However, when it came to country of origin, there were
significant differences between two of the cultural groups and respective anxiety level. Findings also support a positive correlation between age and anxiety levels, with the youngest participants having the lowest anxiety levels.
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HELOU, Sabine, i Timo VIITALA. "How Culture and Motivation Interacts? : - A Cross-Cultural Study". Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1196.
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Motivating employees is essential for any organization aspiring to succeed. However, the process of motivating is not straightforward due to the diversity of individual’s needs. The task has been made even more difficult by the fact that personalized needs have altered in recent years. For instance, in many circumstances financial compensation is not considered as the main motivational factor of employees. Therefore, various other motivational practices have been developed, which take into consideration such issues as the work environment and the job itself.
This thesis is a comparative study between Sweden and Finland. The study has an objective of exploring how corporate culture affects the use of motivational practices in the Information Technology industry.
According to the findings gathered from two organizations, Sasken Finland Oy and SYSteam, culture does influence the choice of motivational practices. The issue of how culture affects, depends on whether corporate culture is task or person-oriented.
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Harris, Joseph. "Cross-dressing in seventeenth-century French literature and culture". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398507.
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Rossberg, Max A. E. (Max Alexander Ernst) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "An examination of cross-national differences in organizational culture". Ottawa, 1989.
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Pavone, Mario <1993>. "Il ruolo dell'international manager nel contesto della cross-culture". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10651.
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La seguente tesi analizza e descrive, tramite la traduzione di tre articoli in lingua cinese ,il ruolo dell’international manager nel nuovo contesto culturale della globalizzazione e della cross-culture. Il primo articolo “跨文化与“和文化”： 中国企业海外项目管理新探” tratto dal “JOURNAL OF GUANGXI UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONALITIES” descrive la cross-culture, le sfide che ne derivano e il concetto cinese di “cultura dell’armonia”. Il secondo articolo “论职业经理人的基本素质及忠诚感的培养” ( Department of Business Administration, Hunan Business School), tratta approfonditamente la figura del manager. Le caratteristiche e le qualità che bisogna possedere dalla prospettiva dei proprietari delle imprese. Il terzo articolo “如何修炼职业经理人的 跨文化管理能力” (XiangTan University, Vocational and Technical College), entra nello specifico. Si tratta il ruolo del manager nella realtà interculturale, si analizzano cross-management capabilities e come acquisirle.
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Martalo, Camilla <1995>. "Chinese and Italian leadership styles: a cross-culture study". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18635.
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The main goal of this dissertation thesis is to individuate, define, and demonstrate the similarities between the Chinese and Italian culture. To reach this goal, the study focuses on the different styles of leadership existing in the two cultures, analyzing the specific situation of the small-medium enterprises in the secondary sector of the economy. These last factors have been examined because they represent a salient position in the labor market of both countries. A wide section is dedicated to the literature review. The research aims to identify and analyze the cardinal concepts and elements, such as culture, small and medium enterprises, and leadership, from an etymologic to a historical point of view. In this initial part, a few theories are traced. To demonstrate these hypotheses, statistical surveys have been performed. The method used is the questionnaire and it is defined and explained in the second part of the work. The original survey is written in English, but it has been translated into Italian and Chinese to help the interviewees to have a better understanding of it. It has been sent to various employees of SMEs working in the second sector in China and Italy. The questions are brief and straightforward, in order to collect information about the managing environment in the areas of interest and to have a clear understanding of the single point of view. The final part is dedicated to the analysis of the collected data and the conclusive interpretation.
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Bhaju, Jeshmin O'Leary Virginia E. "A cross-cultural comparison of emotional experience does culture matter? /". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/BHAJU_JESHMIN_3.pdf.
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Liang, Ye. "Cross-Culture Research: Comparison between Chinese and American Art Education". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8126.
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Education systems in China and the United States are very different. Chinese educator Hong Wang compared the two education systems and came to a conclusion: Chinese education wins in the starting point, while American education wins in the end point (Cheng, 2014). Chinese students learn more things, take challenging courses, and do well in academic accomplishment. However, examination-oriented methods in the Chinese education system may kill students’ interest in learning. Even though Chinese students learned fast in the starting points, they failed in the terminal points as they lost their interest in learning (Chen, 2014). Many educators and scholars think of Chinese education as important for developing a foundation of skills and American education is viewed as more helpful in cultivating students’ creativity (Liu, 2014). This study will explore some of the differences between Chinese and American art education. The methodology for this study is qualitative case study research using data collected from both American and Chinese publications, from national and governmental organizations, and information gathered from surveys and interviews of Chinese art educators who have both education experiences in the United States and China. This research includes comparison and evaluation of the differences between curriculum, assessment, and class management in both Chinese and American art education systems. The result will contribute to providing valuable reference data for both Chinese and American art education systems, for art students and art educators.
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Cao, Xuke. "A cross-culture study of risk management in software projects". Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.
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Thèse (M. Sc.) - Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.Titre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 23 avril 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de Maîtrise en gestion de projet. CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 53-58. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
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ABDEL, KADER NEFISSA MOHAMED. "CROSS CULTURE GENDER DIFFERENCES ON EVALUATION OF WOMEN'S PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184204.
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The central purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the devaluation of women's psychological problems upon the recognition of women's behavior as deviant and the subsequent impact of both variables upon the recognition of women's need for psychological treatment. A secondary purpose was to determine whether culture and gender influenced each concept in this study. The study utilized a mathematical correlational design with a causal modeling approach to test a three-stage theory. The convenience sample selected for the study consisted of 80 subjects: 20 Arabic males; 20 Arabic females; 20 Anglo American males; and 20 Anglo American females living in a southwestern city. A three-scale instrument (each scale contains two subscales) was constructed to index the theoretical concepts. Reliability and validity estimates were conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the instrument. The theory was tested using correlational, analysis of variance, and multiple regression statistical techniques. The traditional orientation of the Arabic culture appears to account for the differences found in the data. Along with cultural influences, gender also appeared to impact upon two of the concepts in the neurotic level, devaluation of neurotic behavior (B = -.64) and recognition of the need for treatment of neurotic behaviors (B =.22), with males evidencing a lower level of sensitivity to women's psychological problems. Gender interacted with culture for two concepts, devaluation of neurotic behavior (B = -.28) and recognition of neurotic behavior as deviant (B = -.27), and Arabic males were the least sensitive group. Both culture and gender did not have an impact upon devaluation of psychotic behavior and recognition of the need for treatment of psychotic behavior. However, there were cultural differences in the recognition of psychotic behavior as deviant. Arabic subjects probably evaluated some of psychotic behaviors as religious rather than considering them as psychiatric disorders. Only the variable, devaluation of women's psychological problems was found to be a predictor of recognition of women's need for treatment. Also the variable, devaluation of women's psychological problems, had an impact upon recognition of women's behavior as deviant.
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Grech, Lisa Marie. "The effect of culture on cross-cultural conflict resolution behaviors". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2331.
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This study attempted to investigate whether there were differences in the conflict behaviors chosen for members of the same culture versus members of a different culture when accounting for Chinese cultural value conservation.
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Lee, Hye Joo. "CRT-RMS cross-cultural study with Korean college students". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39505.
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The Conditional Reasoning Test-Relative Motive Strength (CRT-RMS; James, 1998) has shown to be a psychometrically reliable and valid approach for measuring implicit motives and biases in United States and European contexts (James&Rentsch, 2004; Mot, 2003). Extended from previous research, the current study demonstrated the utility of the CRT-RMS with a sample of 186 college students in Korea. The results showed a significant association between the CRT-RMS scores and Korean college students' grade point average. Korean samples also supported the dissociative model in relating with self-report measures. Additionally, mean score differences on implicit and explicit measures of achievement motivation between Korean and US samples provided meaningful information. Implications of cross-culturally valid implicit measures are discussed.
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Laneve, Marc, i Thomas Stüllein. "The influence of national culture on cross-border M&A". Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5780.
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In theory, the phrase "mergers and acquisitions" (abbreviated M&A) refers to buying, selling and combining different companies in order to gain improved financial performance, create a global presence, and face the global competitive market. Nevertheless, many researches have underlined the high rate of failure among M&A, and the difficulty to achieve expected results and synergies. Among the reasons of failure, many analysts have pointed out the determinant influence of the cultural aspect in the success or the failure of a cross-border merger. However, the cultural issue in M&A is often neglected and too less stressed.
In order to have a better understanding of the cultural aspect in the merger and acquisition process, and point out its influence on the merger process as well as the corporate culture, we first present a theoretical part introducing the cross-border merger and acquisition concept with the perspective of the national culture, and the role that leaders could play in order to limit the negative impact of culture and the clashes on cross-border M&A. Therefore, a part including three cases of "cultural failure" in the merger process illustrates the concepts explained in the theoretical part. Those well-known cases are: DaimlerChrysler, UpJohn & Pharmacia, and Volvo – Renault. The cases show how the cultural issue had been underestimated and had implied cultural clashes and extra-costs for the companies involved.
After concluding our findings, we end the thesis with a prospective part based on the possible evolution of the merger and acquisition market. Indeed, we believe that our research topic will gain importance in the future, and the influence of culture on M&A deals may increase.
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Andersson, Maria, i de la Rosa Maja Karlsson. "Cross-border and corporate aspects on culture in mergers and acquisitions". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8761.
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Sanchez, Indira. "Culture and Subjective Well-Being: A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Methods". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1731.
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The study of subjective well-being an interdisciplinary field that borrows from and contributes to disciplines such as psychology, economics, philosophy, and related fields due to the positive effects correlated with high subjective well-being. Cross cultural examinations of well-being help expand the knowledge base of subjective well-being, however, if current measures fail to take into account cultural variances in subjective well-being it undermines the validity of subjective well-being as a construct because western understandings of well-being are not as generalizable to other cultures as seems to be assumed by some measures. This essay provides an examination of popular measurements of subjective well-being and an analysis of the way they could interact with cultural differences in constructs related to subjective well-being.
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Trafford, Alan P. "Cross "Culture Club" evangelism : sharing the Gospel with a postmodern generation /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Pargell, Karlsson Micaela, i Elin Widén. "Cultural challenges in Thailand - An unchanged fact? : A minor field study abour cultural challenges among Swedish executives in Thailand". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76427.
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Today, all companies face a challenge to cope with the globalized market, where organizations continuously establish on new markets in new countries. Different cultures meet and must be able to collaborate in an organization. The increased economic growth as well as the explosive Swedish tourism in Thailand today attracts more and more Swedish companies to the Thai market. It is likely that this can lead to different cultural challenges where people from different cultures meet and are forced to adapt to each other's established norms and behaviors. Our study aims to investigate the cultural challenges experienced by Swedish executives in Thailand. Our purpose is to identify the largest cultural challenges experienced by Swedish executives and to understand why this may be perceived as a cultural challenge among the Swedish executives. A qualitative method and a semi-structured interview form have been used in the conduct of the survey. The result showed that the main cultural challenges experienced by the Swedish executives were hierarchy, view of a leader, crosscultural leadership and collectivism. The Buddhist religion, the strongly established norms of Thai culture and the executives own positive and adaptable attitude towards cultural challenges proved to be the reason why these cultural challenges were experienced by the Swedish executives.
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Wongdatengam, Siraporn, i Panjaporn Kruapanichwong. "Impact of Culture on Mobile Phone Purchasing A Comparison between Thai and Swedish Consumers". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12630.
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“Mobile phones as a communication technology fits into culture rather than imposes on a culture” (Xin, 2006).Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to investigate and to understand the impact national culture has on mobile phone buyer behaviour of Thai and Swedish consumers. The research was also conducted to identify whether there was a significant cultural difference of buying behaviour for these two cultures when purchasing mobile phones. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (individualism/collectivism and power distance) was addressed in order to examine if culture influences Thai and Swedish consumers when purchasing a mobile phone. In order to examine the difference between Thai and Swedish consumers, a data analysis was conducted through the SPSS statistical program using an Independent Sample T-test and Pearson Correlations. The questionnaires were distributes to both Thai (70 sets) and Swedish (70sets) students in the University of Malardalen. The findings indicated that there is a significant difference between Thai and Swedish consumers in term of mobile phone purchasing behaviour as far as Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. A major contribution to this study is that it will provide an insight into the differences in culture between Swedish and Thai consumers, the Eastern and Western cultural divide and how culture influences mobile phone purchasing behaviour. The findings will also assist managers in mobile phone organizations to manage the dynamics of culture through time as well as to enhance their communications and promotional strategies within an overall marketing strategy. Incorporating culture into their overall marketing and communications strategies will enable organizations to meet customer needs and expectations, sustain and increase growth along with market share and to maximize profitability.
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Janjua, Hasan Raza, i Jawad Ul Hassan. "Knowledge Sharing in a Cross-Cultural Team : The Case of an IT-Based Services Company". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29772.
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Due to the globalization in the world economy, most multinational organizations have changed the way they conduct business. This change also influenced the structure and working of IT services-providing companies. Due to the contemporary phenomenon of the world being seen as a global village, today organizations have access to a wider talent pool. Different multinational IT services-providing companies follow global software development models, while some of these also call people onshore from distant offices to work on different projects. In this scenario, cross-cultural teams are formed to work together and to fulfill clients’ requirements. The objective of this study is to identify cultural differences that affect the knowledge sharing process in IT services-providing companies. In this study, we present the case of a Swedish IT services-providing company that has extended operations into India. Our intention is to understand employees’ views about their work experience in a cross-cultural team. In this context, the study employs a qualitative approach, which helps to elucidate the role of national culture dimensions on an individual’s behavior within the workplace, as well as the impact national culture dimensions have on knowledge sharing processes. Six cross-cultural team members, who have the experience of working in a cross-cultural environment, were interviewed utilizing a semi-structured interview model. Data collection also includes two and half days of data collected during the observation of a cross-cultural team. The collected data helps to effectively clarify in-depth views about the concerns employees have while working within cross-cultural teams. The data collected was analyzed by applying hermeneutics, through which we mapped the answers to the theory of Hofstede on culture. The latter served as the indicator to focus on cultural dimensions that have decisive influence on knowledge sharing in cross-cultural environments. We conclude by highlighting several specific cultural factors that may affect knowledge sharing in cross-cultural environments.
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Liang, Hu Cheng-hwei. "Christian Missions Overseas 38 years of cross-culture missionary work, an evaluation /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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120112, HONG SISONG, i SHUNZHAO LIN. "Service Marketing in a cross-culture environment : a case of Elekta China". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11159.
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Andronikou, Anthi A. "Italy and Cyprus : cross-currents in visual culture (thirteenth and fourteenth centuries)". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7861.
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This thesis sets out to probe the complex artistic contacts between Italy and Cyprus in the visual arts during the High and Late Middle Ages. The Introduction provides a critical review of the subject. Chapter I maps out the various types of links (with respect to trade, religion, warfare, art, culture) between Italy and Cyprus in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Chapters II and III examine the multifaceted artistic negotiations between southern Italy (mainly Apulia) and Cyprus in the thirteenth century, by closely examining a cluster of frescoes and panel paintings. Through a set of historical, cultural and artistic (stylistic and iconographic) approaches, these chapters aim to supersede the somewhat limited style-oriented analyses of previous contributions to this area of study. The hitherto unverified and convoluted relations between the two regions are revisited and affirmed within a new conceptual framework. Chapters IV and V investigate fourteenth-century cross-currents as seen in two cases that have formerly occupied a marginal position in discussions of intercultural exchanges between Italy and Cyprus. The first is the transplantation and manifestation of the cult of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Cyprus, and the second, the hybrid series of icons created by Italian painters working on the island. Both cases are appraised as a record of historical realities and not as the by-products of casual encounters. The thesis historicises these contacts and in doing so, contributes to a broader understanding of cultural transmission and convergence in the Medieval Mediterranean.
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Hatmi, Habiba Al. "Business relationships : a cross-culture management investigation in the UAE construction industry". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6179/.
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Recently, the UAB has witnessed an increase of foreign direct investments in the construction industry sector and where people from distinct national cultures are confronted with unfamiliar interaction patterns and communication styles, different business goals and logic, all of which may be difficult to deal with or interpret. In the present scenario, effective cross-cultural management has become essential for the success of business relationships. The existing literature is mainly concerned with relationships involving parties within single cultural domains and lacks conceptualization beyond borders. Although a lot of scholars have produced numerous valuable works on cross-cultural management, communication, and marketing, they seem to agree that most of the studies have been western-oriented or mostly produced and generally validated according to the western or rather the American standards. Others (Hofstede 1980; Laurent 1986; Jackson 1995; Alpander and Carter 1995 and Evans et a1.l995) seem to agree that the implementation of management development activities or the evaluation of existing activities, in different cultures must be undertaken with an understanding of the underlying traditions and values of that culture. The failure to take national differences between countries into account has been the cause of many business failures (Ricks, 1993). As a result, there is a dearth of research in cross-cultural communication, management and marketing in the Arab world in general, and the U.A.E in particular and there are areas that have not been covered by the scholars at all. Therefore, this study assesses client-contractor relationships. It also intends to investigate the issues of cross-cultural management in the construction industry. A mixed approach (qualitative inquiry and quantitative survey) was carried out in the construction industry. Due to the nature of this research topic and as previous qualitative research carried out in Arab countries (Hill et al, 1998), this one has its challenges. Moreover, as the researcher is a woman from the UAE, she is expected to overcome barriers of research access to construction companies and senior managers, dominated by male gender. The study has made some important contributions. No doubt, it has added to the exiting knowledge culture in business relationships and filling the gap of cross- cultural and communication relationship within one industry. Therefore, a conceptual framework to understand these relationships was developed and tested. Moreover, the study provides very useful information on the national UAE working women.
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Singh, Archana. "Culture, Gender, Identity, and Adolescents' Niche-Building Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Comparison". DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2548.
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A cross-cultural examination of a selected group of Indian and American adolescents was conducted to understand the influence of cultural expectations, gender, and identity on adolescents' niche-building behavior. For the purpose of the present study, adolescents' niche was limited to their bedrooms. Data were collected from 285 American adolescents of which 151 were females and 134 were males. The Indian sample consisted of 198 adolescents of whom 75 were females, 118 were males, and 5 adolescents who did not mention their gender. Participants from both cultures were from eighth and ninth grades, with an age range of 12.17 to 16.50 years. The results of the study showed that adolescents' niche-building behavior differed based on culture, gender, and identity. Indian adolescents possessed/desired a greater variety of electronic equipment, furniture, and decorative items in their bedrooms as compared to their American counterparts. Females had/desired a larger variety of items in their bedrooms as compared to males. Females had/desired more relationship items like pictures of family members and make-up accessories in their bedrooms, whereas males had/desired more instrumental items like athletic equipment or sporting goods. Interestingly, more females than males had/desired pictures of themselves that reflected "who they were." A higher percentage of diffused/avoidant adolescents had/desired items and possessions in their bedrooms as compared to achieved/moratorium or foreclosed adolescents. Achieved/moratorium as well as diffused/avoidant adolescents were more likely to have/desire computers, internet access, globes or maps in their bedrooms as compared to foreclosed adolescents who were more likely to have/desire religious items. Interaction effects showed that Indian females were mostly likely to have/desire possessions in their bedrooms followed by American females, Indian males, and American males.
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Wilson, Misheka. "Cross Flow Filtration for Mixed-Culture Algae Harvesting for Municipal Wastewater Lagoons". DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1162.
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The transesterification of lipids extracted from algae makes up the third generation of biodiesel production. The city of Logan, Utah, proposes that the algae used from the 460-acre wastewater pond could potentially be used for the production of biofuel that could serve as transportation fuel for the City solid waste vehicles. Separating the algae from the Logan Lagoon wastewater is the most expensive portion of the biodiesel process and the application of chemical flocculation can significantly increase costs and potentially interfere with biodiesel production. Cross flow filtration has been identified for algae harvesting, and experiments were conducted to evaluate materials and operating conditions for separating and harvesting algae from the Logan Lagoon system.
Two cross flow filtrations units were used to conduct experiments. A pilot-scale cross flow filtration unit provided by WesTech, Inc., Engineering (Salt Lake City) with a 0.2-micron nylon membrane mesh was used for mixed-culture algae harvesting. In addition, a bench scale cross flow filtration unit was provided, and tests were conducted to further examine the effectiveness of cross flow filtration on pure-culture algae harvesting. A 1-micron nylon, 5-micron nylon and 5-micron polyester mesh were used with this system.
The WesTech, Inc., Pilot Scale System demonstrated that the type of membrane used was critical for effective algae harvesting. Test results showed that the algal cake that developed on the membrane and that the amount of algae harvested decreased with flux.
The bench scale unit demonstrated that more algal cells were collected when a membrane of a larger pore size was used. The 1-micron nylon mesh proved to be the most effective at concentration algae. The 5-micron polyester mesh was shown to be more effective than the 5-micron nylon mesh.
The results in this thesis show that cross flow filtration is a feasible option for the City of Logan Environmental Department and is a technical option for algal harvesting for biofuel production.
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Otsuji, Emi. "Performing transculturation : between/within 'Japanese' and 'Australian' language, identities and culture /". Electronic version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/598.
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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education.This thesis examines the construction processes of language, culture and identities in relation to both the macro level of society and culture, as well as the micro-individual level. It argues that there is a need to understand these constructions beyond discrete notions of language, identities and culture. The thesis mobilises performativity theory to explore how exposure to a variety of practices during the life trajectory has an impact on the construction and performance of language, identities and culture. It shows how a theory of performativity can provide a comprehensive account of the complex process of, and the relationships between, hybridisation (engagement in a range of cultural practices) and monolithication (nostalgic attachments to familiar practices). The thesis also suggests that the deployment of performativity theory with a focus on individual biography as well as larger social-cultural factors may fill a gap left in some other modes of analysis such as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Conversation Analysis (CA). Analysing data from four workplaces in Australia, the study focuses on trans-institutional talk, namely casual conversation in which people from a variety of linguistic and cultural backgrounds work together. Following the suggestion (Pennycook 2003; Luke 2002) that there is a need to shift away from the understanding that a particular language is attached to a particular nation, territory and ethnicity, the thesis shows how discrete ethnic and linguistic labels such as ‘Japanese’ and ‘English’ as well as notions of ‘code-switching’ and ‘bi-lingualism’ become problematic in the attempt to grasp the complexity of contemporary transcultural workplaces. The thesis also explores the potential agency of subjects at the convergence of various discourses through iterative linguistic and cultural performances. In summary, the thesis provides deeper insight into transcultural performances to show the links between idiosyncratic individual performances and the construction of transcultural linguistic, cultural phenomena within globalisation.
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Tabane, Ramodungoane James. "The influence of cross-cultural interviewing on the generation of data". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02042005-142212.
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Vatrapu, Ravikiran. "Culture and International Usability Testing:The Effects of Culture in Interviews". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35039.
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Designing global interfaces for users has always been a challenge. This challenge is even greater today with the current trend of globalization, which leads to highly diverse users of the same product. The global audiences for the software and information technology products belong to different countries, different religions, speak different languages, have different life styles, belong to different cultures and have different perceptions and expectations of the same product. A truly global product must inherently accommodate this diversity in order to be effective and successful. A major impediment is that there is very inadequate understanding of the role of culture in user interfaces and how they are built. This lack of understanding is further compounded by the fact that very little empirical work exists regarding the role of culture in usability testing. The objectives of this research are to study and empirically establish the effects of culture on the usability assessment technique of structured interviews.
A study was conducted to determine the effects of culture on Indian participants when structured interviews are used in usability testing. The experiment consisted of usability testing of two independent groups of Indian participants by two interviewers; one belonging to the Indian culture and the other to the Anglo-American culture. The findings from the study clearly demonstrate the effects of culture on structured interviews during international user testing. Participants found more usability problems and made more suggestions to the interviewer from their own culture than to the interviewer from a foreign culture. The results of the study prove that culture affects the efficacy of structured interviews during international user testing.Master of Science
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Shapiro, Jonathan Chira. "Hyphenated Japan: Cross-examining the Self/Other dichotomy in Ainu-Japanese material culture". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1494762526392067.
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Feng, Kaiqi, Qiuhang He i Ang Li. "Cross-culture study of the use of social media in Sweden and China". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26823.
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Ashe, Donna Kate. "Developing a quantitative assessment instrument for organizational culture : an integration of the theories from organizational culture and cross-cultural literature". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29534.
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Britton, Garth Murray, i garth britton@netspeed com au. "On Reading Lines in Shifting Sands: making organisational culture relevant". The Australian National University. College of Business and Economics, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20071105.161653.
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Despite the ubiquity of the term organisational culture in both popular and scholarly management literature, it remains an ambiguous concept, whose practical application is recognised as being far from universally successful. Models which seem to be preferred by practitioners are often criticised as being static or mechanistic, while more dynamic scholarly approaches tend to discount the possibility of deliberately influencing organisations at the cultural level. This dissertation, instead of focussing on culture as some sort of objective or unchanging attribute of an organisation, treats it as a phenomenon emerging from social interaction and individual sense-making. It draws on, and extends, George Kellys Personal Construct Psychology to build a framework for understanding the production of meaning by individuals in their social context, and how this contributes to the establishment of the collective boundaries between which cultural effects are observed. This framework is applied to the case of a business school attached to a large university, which is first absorbed into its Commerce Faculty, and then dissolved into a new Department, as the overall university structure is modified. Grounded Theory methodology is used to develop an approach to the description of the cultural interaction and changes that occur, and to generate theory that goes some way to explaining how and why they do. The theory gives insight into how latent cultural distinctions become, or are made, salient and the different means by which divisions may be resolved or superseded, sometimes resulting in conflict. Implications are explored for the management of organisations undergoing change, particularly where this involves merging or restructuring organisational units, and for the training and development of managers who are to be involved in such activities.
¶
At a theoretical level, building on a constructivist and processual ontological base, the dissertation makes contributions to the understanding of behaviour in organisations and draws on pragmatic epistemologies such as those advanced by George Herbert Mead. It brings concepts from psychology, sociology and management disciplines to bear on the problem of cultural interaction, and suggests that integrating them in this way may enhance their value in this context.
¶
By focussing on culture as a phenomenon produced at the interface of collective constructions, the dissertation proposes that it be viewed as fundamentally dynamic once eloquently described as multiple cross-cutting contexts but, nevertheless, explains how it may be recognised more through its apparent intractability than its fluidity. Whilst rejecting managerialist approaches which would suggest that culture and, through it, people, can be manipulated at will to reliably produce desired effects, the dissertation suggests ways in which insight into cultural interactions might be generated for those who are participating in them, and options developed to influence these interactions that might otherwise not have been available. It therefore has potentially valuable implications for management practice.
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Gu, Yuan. "Cultural Icon and Brand". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313767171.
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Xu, Mingyi, i Wenyan Zheng. "How information flow is influenced by culture? : Cross-culture communication in supply chain management----A comparison between China and the West". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35900.
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Selkirk, Sheena Ann. "Variations in the persistence of subjective culture : cross-ethnic views of characterstics of persons". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31509.
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Research investigating the problems experienced and the advantages enjoyed by the minority-culture child in the North American schoolroom has focused both on changing the child and on changing the school environment. Little attention has been paid to the more basic question of differences in subjective aspects of culture across ethnic grouping and generation of residence in Canada. In addition, little appears to be known about the variability in subjective culture across levels of variables like gender, ethnic salience, or use of mother tongue. The research reported in this dissertation is a basic study of subjective aspects of the concept of "person", a concept important in virtually every society and, in addition, central to Western educational thought.
The study itself was an investigation of the views of 1288 Grade 10 students in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. Each subject ranked the importance of each of 21 positive qualities of a person, and listed up to three criteria for concluding that a person has each of 11 of those qualities. Substantive hypotheses about differences in students' rankings across ethnic groups and generation of residence in Canada were confirmed. The results suggested both persistence and change in views of personal qualities, which were dissimilar across ethnic groupings. Exploratory analyses revealed provocative information about the moderating relationships of strength of religious feeling, gender and a complex of variables related to ethnicity including ethnic salience, mother tongue, religious affiliation and occupational information. Examination of the students' criteria yielded useful information about the behaviors and traits related to each of the 11 qualities, and about ages and genders of people thought to have a great deal of each quality.
It was concluded that the overall results may further development of theory in the area. In practical terms, they may help to guide the classroom teacher, may stimulate the development of policy and practice in the multicultural educational setting, and may be useful for curriculum development and teacher education in the Canadian context.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Chen, Joey, i 陳忠億. "A case study of cross-culture management". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17074462851153254471.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
90
This case study surveys one Taiwan container shipping lines and his agent in South Korea, to discuss the channel management in cross-cultural difference. The case study discuss how the shipping lines use the 4 variables of channel management; incentives, monitoring, trust and commitment to manage the agent’s performance in different two countries’ cultural. We use Hofstede’s typology of cultural dimensions to exam the cultural difference between Taiwan and South Korea. The important results and findings can be summarizes as follows: 1.South Korea should be larger Power Distance than Taiwan. 2.Assigning one owner’s representative would positively affect the agent’s sale performance in the larger Power Distance, stronger Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculine cultural dimensions country. 3.Putting own vessel in the service route could positively affect the agent’s sale performance in the Collectivist cultural dimension country. 4.Changing the service route often would negatively affect the agent’s sale performance in the stronger Uncertainty Avoidance cultural dimension country. 5.Reducing the commitment would negatively affect the agent’s sale performance in the Collectivist and stronger Uncertainty Avoidance cultural dimension country. 6.Reducing the trust would not affect the agent’s sale performance in the larger Power Distance and stronger Uncertainty Avoidance cultural dimension country. 7.The influence of 4 channel management variables are in the channel performance, would be affected by cultural dimensions. Finally, the study would like to conclude 12 suggestions for the case company’s reference.
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Tsai, Hui-Yu, i 蔡輝昱. "Cross-Culture Learning of Adventure Education Students". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78231403514821522336.
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碩士國立體育大學
休閒產業經營學系
103
The purpose of this study is to inquire into adventure education students’ cross-cultural learning process. It aims to understand students’ cross-cultural learning motivation, application process, and learning process. (Learning process includes, but is not limited to something such as lifestyles that may influence students’ learning efficiency.) The study uses qualitative research methods and is conducted under semi-structured interviews. It gathers information from three interviewees who have been to U.S National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS). The result is as follows. Students’ learning motivation are greatly influenced by institutions' words of mouth and their prestige. In addition, whether programs’ web pages provide comprehensive and clear information about the courses they are offering can also be factors that determine students’ motivation and decision to the programs. More importantly, if students’ could gain first hand advice from their mentors, professors, or friends' experience, it could boost their intention to explore the field. According to the three interviewees, there are two possible ways to decrease risks that may be involved in the programs such as NOLS. For instance, a knowledgeable and experienced instructor with extensive technical skills regards to the field and an appropriate instructors/students ratio can decrease the risks that may accompany with the courses. Low instructors/students ratio not only benefits the control of risk management, but also sustains the quality of learning itself and increases each student's practice opportunities. Students would get more attention from their instructors. The two suggestions may also help in planning courses and making proper arrangements. Part of the learning process is about letting students introspect their living styles. According to the interviewees, they all mentioned that it requires time for one to adapt and learn different diets and cooking methods. Besides that, helping students develop good communication skills, properly express their opinions or thoughts, and respect others' opinions and decisions would let students learn early about how to be a part of a group and how to be with others. The most important thing is to always keep positive thinking with oneself, and base one’s intention on goodwill.
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Lin, Yu-Yi, i 林煜宜. "A Study of Cross-Culture Management and Administration". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37572719248633981763.
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碩士逢甲大學
國際經營管理碩士學位學程
98
Nowadays, it is the era of globalization and boundless. In order to keep completion advantages, many enterprises are trying to develop domestic and abroad markets to expend their business. International company or diversification is becoming a trend. When enterprise is toward to globalization or diversification, how does the enterprise utilize its recourses to accomplish the advantages and explore the cross-culture business management? During the cross-culture transforming process, enterprise might face a lot of critical problems. One of the most important issues would be the cross-culture differences. It is paid much more attention by business field and theoretical field as well. Company would provide training classes to help its staff get through the working environment under the cross-culture situations. After taking training classes, the staff can understand more about their colleagues who are coming from different culture and improve internal communication. At the mean time, the staff can lead a team which has members with different culture. Then they can take control of the global market, and the international customers, suppliers and competitors. This study will get through the case study way to analyze the company’s situation. If the cross-cultural business can combine “The cross-cultural management and administration,” which this study institute, what kind of influence can be produced to enterprises? Meanwhile, this study will also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the cross-culture by interviewing company. In this study, the differences and problems from the cross-culture company would be defined and the efficiency and the strategy plan of cross-culture management would be integrated.
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Su, Ya-Ling, i 蘇雅齡. "Cross Culture Validation with CETSCALE on Consumer Ethnocentrism". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51532172922889114257.
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碩士清雲科技大學
企業管理系暨經營管理研究所
97
This research was intended purportedly to study and or to validate the CETSCALE that was used to measure consumer ethnocentrism. Shimp and Sharma (1987) developed a measurement scale preference to use domestic products against foreign products. The result was conspicuously apparent that Americans were realistically ethnocentric towards American-made products. However, Shimp and Sharma (1987) claimed that whether or not the CETSCALE could the applicable to other countries and fit to different cultures is entirely problematic. Their research was left over some unsettled questions such as demographic and socioeconomic groups and so forth. The present research was designed to validate the CETSCALE. The result showed that the scale could not be accepted universally, but could be only applicable to the case that is similar to that of America, but not to those that are different from America.
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Gao，Yi-Ning i 高一寧. "Comparative Analysis of Cross-Strait Food Communication Culture". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sxksys.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
華語文教學系
107
Human development is inseparable from food，And as a vital medium, it conveys cultural connotations of different cultures within international communication. The language on both sides of the strait has shown different characteristics under the historical development. And so does food cultures, demonstrating different historical and social contexts. Among closer cross-strait communication in recent years, the communication about food has gradually increased. The most direct example is that the catering enterprises on both sides of the strait have entered the other market, such as the Mainland's popular catering enterprise Haidilao, Taiwan's well-known catering enterprise Din Tai fung. In the process of integrating into the other catering market,these chain catering brands have still transmitted the information of their own languages and cultures. Based on the above research background and starting from the perspective of the communication of cross-strait food, this research attempts to explore the language and cultural characteristics of the two sides in the process. Analyzing the similarities and differences within food communication of both sides across the Strait, and then figure out the reasons for the differences. This study uses literature analysis method, field research, and comparative analysis methods. Five examples of restaurant brands that run business in both sides of the strait are selected. This research collects the corpus of food communication of both sides from actual dining experiences, analyzes their linguistic and cultural characteristics, and finds out the similarities and differences. According to the comparative analysis, it showed that languages within cross-strait dietary communication differ the most, with some specific use of personal pronouns, modal particles , and certain idioms and expressions. There are many similarities in culture, but there are still some differences.This research indicates that the languages within cross-strait dietary communication are closely related to preferences of linguistic habits, various functions of Chinese modal particles, different politeness strategies, and influences of dialects; while the cultures within cross-strait dietary communication are tightly associated with differences of non-linguistic symbols and cultural characteristics of restaurants.
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Huang, Wen-Chung, i 黃文忠. "The Research of Cross-Culture for International Marketing". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4eta9g.
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碩士嶺東科技大學
高階主管企管碩士在職專班
107
Whether the international marketing can be successful depends a great deal upon the recognition and understanding on culture of different countries. A successful international marketing should try the best to understand the culture norm of the country which they'd like to develop, this article try to explore and test using the research result on cross-culture to deal with international marketing. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of different culture to marketing difference, product design, sales strategy and method, and after service during cross-culture marketing activities; the result shows that each nation has their own unique characteristics, different culture background, different time concept, different understanding of the same sentence, and this is the key point of a successful international marketing which has the understanding of cross-culture.
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Lin, Po-Hsiu, i 林伯修. "The Cross-culture Comparison of USA, Japan and Taiwan Professional Baseball Franchise Management Culture". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27572369428042912496.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
92
The purpose of this research is to analyze the different culture of USA, Japan and Taiwan, which may effect on the professional baseball franchise management. Applying the results, the study discussing why the Taiwan Baseball running a franchise without a local identity. The methods include literature review and interview in a cross-culture comparison approach. The subjects of the interview are the general managers and staffs of Chinese Professional Baseball League in Taiwan, Japan exporters and the USA exporters in professional baseball. The results found the franchise management culture in American is based on entertainment. Therefore, fan service is the first priority. The USA baseball clubs hire the experts in different fields to promote and marketing the games. The Japan baseball clubs are managed as an adverting carrier of the holding companies, as well as the Taiwan baseball does. Most of the general managers or the staffs in the front office of Japan and Taiwan baseball clubs, they are assigned by the owners from the holding companies, who maybe not loving or knowing the business of professional baseball. Taiwan and Japan baseball are the corporation or the owner service on the first priority of clubs management. The first conclusion form the cross-culture comparison is that these three countries’ franchise management cultures are different. The core concepts and values of USA baseball franchises management culture are local identity and national pastime, but the ones of Japan and Taiwan are corporation royalty and victory oriented. The second is the owners’ attitudes to effects the franchises’ management culture. In Taiwan professional baseball owners claimed that the small country, the small economic and city scale, the few populations of baseball fans and the difficulty of getting a ballpark to run a franchise are the reasons why it’s hard to create a local identity and team royalty. But all this reasons are just the way they think of the baseball business. The attitudes of how a clubs managing a team, who treating baseball team as a mean of promoting holding company are the reasons why make those subjective factors became barriers of management. From analysis and comparisons the development of USA baseball, Japan Football League and other professional sports in different countries, this research suggests if the owners really want to promote the baseball of Taiwan, like they said in the pubic, they have to change their attitudes by running the baseball clubs as a business not just a commercials tool.
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CHEN, JINGXI, i 陳鏡西. "The Cross-Cultural Experience Design of Italian Food Culture". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/632252.
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碩士東海大學
工業設計學系
105
The exotic food culture has been flourishing in Taiwan as the result of the globalization. The Italian food is quite popular all over the world. When Italian food comes to Taiwan, the symbol of its localization is the numerous Italian restaurants. The study aims to find out customer's perception of cross-cultural eating experience and will limit the Italian restaurants in Taichung. According to Schmitt (trans. 2000), the cultural experiences could be classified as sense experience, feel experience, think experience, act experience and relate experience. A questionnaire is developed according to this theory. The questionnaire consists of three parts, which are the background of the customer, the cross-cultural experience of food, and the customer's preference. Afterwards, draw the 2×2 diagram of ‘experience-preference’ based on the result of the questionnaire. In the chart, the preference for the feel experience in the second quadrant is much higher than the degree of experience. So it should be strengthened in the design. The rest facets are all located in the first quadrant, with both high degree of experience and preference. But since their preference are all higher than the experience on average, so they should be strengthened in design to a certain degree as well. In the design part, the Semiotics theory is used, in order to convert dietary symbols into art symbols. Four sets of works have been designed. They are the Packages of Pasta, the Packages of Pasta Sauces, the Art Cutlery Set, and the Mocha Pot Tools. According to the follow-up questionnaires, they are all focus on the feel experience design. The Packages of Pasta Sauces gains the highest scores in all four facets. Due to the profound cultural background, the object of design can be narrowed to the range of single products such as Italian tableware or Italian food packaging, and that may makes more accurate design. Besides, if the deep reasons of the customer experience preferences could be considered, the researcher can know the fundamental needs of customers, to make multiple design of food culture.
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Chang, Hang-Chih, i 張航誌. "Safety Culture and Work Accidents : A Cross Level Analysis". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59162473875144393323.
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碩士中原大學
心理學研究所
97
This research will emphasize safety culture in the manufacturing industry. The first purpose for this research is to understand the effectiveness of organizational safety culture and work accidents. Then the study seeks to understand how individual perceived safety culture will affect their personal safety behaviors and the number work accidents. Finally, we will discuss the meaning of safety culture for work accidents in the cross level model. This research utilizes questionnaires for data collection. Participants are employees and employers from nineteen manufacturing industry companies in Taiwan. Effective recoveries of questionnaires total up to 1,425. According to the research results, we found that: (1) organizational safety culture could reduce organization rates of micro-accidents; (2) individual perceptual safety culture could decrease work accidents effectively (including micro-accidents and injuries); (3) individual perceptual safety culture will increase safety behavior partly through perceived control; (4) organizational safety culture could promote people’s perceived control significantly; (5) organizational safety culture could moderate the relationship between individual perceptual safety culture and perceived control, that is organizational safety culture will enhance the process which perceptual safety culture affect perceived control; (6) organizational safety culture could promote employees’ safety behaviors; and (7) organizational safety culture could moderate the relationship between employees’ perceived control and safety behavior, which is the process that organizational safety culture could enhance the perceived control affecting safety behaviors. Discussion and further explanations regarding the restrictions of research, future research directions and practical implications will be discussed according to the research results
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Hui-Wen, Ho, i 何慧雯. "Japanese Popular Culture: Influences, Reflections, and Cross Cultural Relationship". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30717203106639506445.
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Errel, Anat, i 昶愛. "Martial Arts Logos：A Cross-culture Study of Vernacular Design". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2pww59.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
美術學系
97
The thesis is a study of the design characteristics of martial arts schools’ logos. The data was gathered from 51 martial arts schools around the world, and an identical amount of designer’s logo that served as a control group. The researcher proved that as a group, martial arts’ logos portray unique characteristics: the majority of the logos communicate complex ideas that are connected to the martial art style’s philosophy and historical roots; most of the logos are designed by the teachers or people connected to the style, and most of the designers are non-professionals; and although the majority of logos depict original images as their main graphic element, a great number of them combine traditional symbols. She applied semiotics, taxonomy and affectivity classes to analyse the logos and identified common qualities that characterised their design. She discovered that iconic, descriptive marks, high on representative and active qualities were prominent in portraying a style’s characteristics movement, whereas symbolic, non-figurative marks, high on representative and abstract qualities, were usually employed to express philosophical ideas. After comparing and analysing the results of the three classes, and following the conclusions, the researcher designed four martial arts logos and applied them to a variety of applications.
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Tu, Chih-Feng, i 杜志峰. "Cross-culture internal auditing and increasing value of auditing". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/988p53.
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碩士國立中山大學
人力資源管理研究所
106
Following the international trend, the enterprises must go global. Meanwhile, managers have to understand the cultural differences of different countries and respect their thinking modes in order to set internal control policies and guidelines in line with local practice and helpful to growing business. Internal auditing is also conducted in subsidiaries located in different countries according to yearly auditing plan as overseas business expanding. Therefore, before starting auditing, the auditors must get to know the culture and thinking modes of parties to be audited. This can help auditors communicate appropriately with the parties and let them accept the auditors’ advices for improvement. The purpose of this study is to construct cross-cultural internal auditing procedure through the real practices of auditing in 5 different countries. We used the “narrative analysis” and “comparative analysis” to investigate the 4 stages of internal auditing cases including 1. Plan auditing, 2. Collect and evaluate information, 3. Communicate auditing result, and 4. Follow-up. The study covered 10 auditing cases and we briefed cross-cultural findings and suggestions in the basis of them. When conducting cross-cultural internal auditing, auditors have to set their mind in accordance with the situation meanwhile understanding the culture and showing respect. We believe the conclusions we made can help auditors successfully complete cross-cultural auditing tasks and those audited improve their internal control environment and enhance internal auditing value.
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Tsai, Ya-Chu, i 蔡雅竹. "Outbreeding cross and the flower stem culture of Phaius tankervilleae". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64921536568335977697.
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碩士國立中興大學
園藝學系所
98
Phaius tankervilleae is a terrestrial orchid native in Taiwan. Each plant has long flower stem with 10- 20 flowers. The petals are white on the outside and purple-red on the inside. To estabilish the flower stem culture propagation system of Phaius tankervilleae, three kind of explants including apical flower buds, flower buds and vegetative buds in flower stem were used in the research. The flower stems which were lower than 5 cm had the highest shoot formation percentage of 66.7% in apical flower buds. The highest shoot formation in flower buds and vegetative buds were 7.1% and 10.9% in flower stem length of 10-15 cm. Flower buds and vegetative bud were used in proliferation experiment. These explants had 1.3-1.9 times of shoot formation percentage every month. After proliferation, the explants transferred to rooting medium after 2 months. When using flower bud as the explants, the plantlet had 1 root and the longest leaf was 2.9 cm high. After 2 months planting in greenhouse, the plantlets of the explants from flower bud had the highest plant height of 3.5 cm, the highest survival rate of 87.5%. This experiments were tested the intergeneric cross of Phaius tankervilleae with Arundina, Bletilla, Calanthe, Cymbidium, Spathoglottis, Phaiocalanthe and Gastrophaius. We also investigated the chromosome numbers and pollen germination in vitro and in vivo of Phaius tankervilleae and its allied genera. The chromosome numbers of Phaius tankervilleae were 2n= ca. 46, and the chromosome numbers of its allied genera were about 2n= 40. Pollen germination of Phaius tankervilleae grew the best when the pollen were culture in BK medium contain 10% sucrose and under 25℃.The germination percentage was up to 24.2% after cultured 10 days.The width of hybrid capsules became slow at the 4th to 6th weeks after pollination. Through pollen tube growth in vivo, when Phaius tankervilleae acted as male parent, the pollen tube grew well. But pollen germination in vitro didn’t present the compatibility of cross. Hybridization could not succeed probably because the low pollen viability, retardant of pollen growth and uncompleted development of mother parent. 11 cross combinations had obtained germinated seed when Phaius tankervilleae hybrid with 9 species of its allied genera. Hybridization achieved succeed of 44.4% success when Phaius tankervilleae acted as female parent. Phaius tankervilleae could cross with Cal. discolor, Cal.sieboldii, Cal.tricarinata and Cym. Golden Rush x Cym. Golden Birds. Hybridization achieved 55.5% success when Phaius tankervilleae acted as male parent. Phaius tankervilleae could cross with Ble. formosana form. kotoensis, Cal. discolor, Cym. ensifolium ‘ Yuh Hwa’, Gastrophaius Queen Margrethe, Spa. plicata, Spa. plicata form. alba and Spa. plicata form. pink.