Rozprawy doktorskie: „Cross-cultural networks”

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Valovoi, Vadym. "Transformations in cross-cultural communication". Thesis, Молодь у глобалізованому світі: академічні аспекти англомовних фахових досліджень (англ. мовою) / Укл., ред. А.І.Раду: збірник мат. конф. - Львів: ПП "Марусич", 2011. - 147 с, 2011. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/20865.

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Tsoi, Ho Keung. "The cross-cultural study of users' behavior in social network sites". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1441.

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Lunk, Bettina. "MySpace or OurSpace a cross-cultural empirical analysis of MySpace comments /". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1208805281.

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Thesis (M.Ap.C.T. & M.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-111). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in in print.

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Nations, Jennifer Marie. "Networks and cultural bridges : a case study of the Sierra Tarahumara in northern Mexico /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1767.pdf.

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Abbasi, Mohammad R. "Measuring and improving quality of service : a cross cultural study of postal services in Iran and the UK". Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311769.

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Chen, Bai-Yin. "Social support in Taiwanese college students". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1285084.

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Joshua-Gojer, Ashwini. "The cross-cultural adjustment of self-initiated expatriates and individual work performance". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849667/.

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Globalization in the past few decades has been marked by increased mobility of highly skilled workers from one country to another. Even though self-initiated expatriation is a widespread phenomenon, it is a relatively under-researched phenomenon in the academic literature, especially in an organizational context. Existing literature shows that not all individuals are equally suited to embark on a new life in another country, and self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) could be particularly susceptible to failure since they have no support from a home organization. This study was designed to investigate the experiences of self-initiated professional expatriates and the effect it had on their work performance. The purpose was to understand how their organizational and social experience affected their cross-cultural adjustment process and in turn affected their individual work performance. The researcher used a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews, observations, and documents with ten self-initiated expatriates. This study contributed to the expanding literature on the experiences of self-initiated expatriates, specifically how different support systems affected cross-cultural adjustment and individual work performance.

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Kayes, Md Imrul. "Content Abuse and Privacy Concerns in Online Social Networks". Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5967.

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Online Social Networks (OSNs) have seen an exponential growth over the last decade, with Facebook having more than 1.49 billion monthly active users and Twitter having 135,000 new users signing up every day as of 2015. Users are sharing 70 million photos per day on the Instagram photo-sharing network. Yahoo Answers question-answering community has more than 1 billion posted answers. The meteoric rise in popularity has made OSNs important social platforms for computer-mediated communications and embedded themselves into society’s daily life, with direct consequences to the offline world and activities. OSNs are built on a foundation of trust, where users connect to other users with common interests or overlapping personal trajectories. They leverage real-world social relationships and/or common preferences, and enable users to communicate online by providing them with a variety of interaction mechanisms. This dissertation studies abuse and privacy in online social networks. More specifically, we look at two issues: (1) the content abusers in the community question answering (CQA) social network and, (2) the privacy risks that comes from the default permissive privacy settings of the OSNs. Abusive users have negative consequences for the community and its users, as they decrease the community’s cohesion, performance, and participation. We investigate the reporting of 10 million editorially curated abuse reports from 1.5 million users in Yahoo Answers, one of the oldest, largest, and most popular CQA platforms. We characterize the contribution and position of the content abusers in Yahoo Answers social networks. Based on our empirical observations, we build machine learning models to predict such users. Users not only face the risk of exposing themselves to abusive users or content, but also face leakage risks of their personal information due to weak and permissive default privacy policies. We study the relationship between users’ privacy concerns and their engagement in Yahoo Answers social networks. We find privacy-concerned users have higher qualitative and quantitative contributions, show higher retention, report more abuses, have higher perception on answer quality and have larger social circles. Next, we look at users’ privacy concerns, abusive behavior, and engagement through the lenses of national cultures and discover cross-cultural variations in CQA social networks. However, our study in Yahoo Answers reveals that the majority of users (about 87%) do not change the default privacy policies. Moreover, we find a similar story in a different type of social network (blogging): 92% bloggers’ do not change their default privacy settings. These results on default privacy are consistent with general-purpose social networks (such as Facebook) and warn about the importance of user-protecting default privacy settings. We model and implement default privacy as contextual integrity in OSNs. We present a privacy framework, Aegis, and provide a reference implementation. Aegis models expected privacy as contextual integrity using semantic web tools and focuses on defining default privacy policies. Finally, this dissertation presents a comprehensive overview of the privacy and security attacks in the online social networks projecting them in two directions: attacks that exploit users’ personal information and declared social relationships for unintended purposes; and attacks that are aimed at the OSN service provider itself, by threatening its core business.

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Williams, Donna Clare, i n/a. "Doing Environment Business With China Through Cross-Cultural Networks: A Dynamic Model for Small-to-Medium Australian Enterprises". Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060313.140417.

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The research is a critical analysis of the operational aspects of doing environment business with China through cross-cultural networks. In particular the investigation involved establishing an intensively documented, longitudinal profile of a single network. This network comprised Australian Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Chinese players based in the People's Republic of China. This profile covers a period of two decades. The research adopted a broad multi-disciplinary and inductive approach, using action research, case study methods, and systems analysis techniques. An innovative approach used time values as a constant to analyse the relativity of player connections, activities and structural levels in the network. This approach drew its applied orientation from the environmental sciences, and its theoretical base from the social science disciplines of marketing and international business. The specific field of study was the structure and evolutionary dynamics of networks. The outcome of the research is a model Australian SMEs can use for doing environment business with China. This model sets environment business in the context of a wider trading network of Chinese, Australian, South East Asian, and Middle Eastern players. The cornerstone of this model is the corporate role of the academic sector in accessing the Chinese environmental market. The research shows in detail how Australian SMEs can, and do, use cross-cultural academic linkages for trade. Such linkages facilitate market research, negotiation, risk management, product development, and the establishment of distribution channels in Asian markets. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a number of parallel nets of Chinese players to facilitate trade and overcome interruptions or obstacles. The research has contributed to knowledge by establishing an Asia-oriented, empirically derived model that differs substantially from the mono-cultural models in current practice in the Australian environment industry. The intensive investigation of the network of SMEs and Chinese players has identified the entrepreneurial strengths of SMEs in the international marketplace. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view that SMEs must depend on larger players for export success. In addition, the research has established that this kind of network has a clan-like structure. This finding is central to the model. The research demonstrates that a clan-like structure is a flexible framework that is compatible with the independence and capacity of small firms to adapt to change and to make decisions. This characteristic of SMEs enables them to proceed without, and at times in spite of, the encumbrances of large and unwieldy corporate and institutional structures. This finding is directly contrary to the belief prevalent in the Australian environment industry that SMEs depend on larger players to enter international markets. The finding also challenges the established view that Chinese networks are relatively closed systems based on family ties. The research shows that Australian SMEs can become part of these systems either directly or through links, and have many common attributes with their Chinese counterparts. The research has made a key contribution to theory by using these findings to develop an organic network model that differs from the so-called contrived network. This empirically derived theoretical model represents the seven dimensions of cross-cultural collaboration. The four social dimensions are the personal, organisational, sectoral and regional levels of a person-centred network, composed of nets of individuals with extensive linkages to other individuals and to organisations. The three dynamic dimensions are the triadic, the temporal, and the trading levels of interaction between the players. This theoretical model also demonstrates the depth of cross-connection between the nets of individual, and the embeddedness of the network in other networks. The model emphasises the centrality of time as the key connector between the social dimensions of the network and the exchange processes that characterise clan-like interactions. The model also represents the layers of evolutionary development that characterise the exchange processes in the network. These layers include adaptive processes, short-term exchanges, and long-term exchanges, and exchanges that derive from particular arrangements of players and market openings at critical points in time. This model extends concepts that have emerged from the original International Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Interaction Model, and gives empirical credence to recent philosophical, but untested, views on the relevance of time as a context for interaction.

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Williams, Donna Clare. "Doing Environment Business With China Through Cross-Cultural Networks: A Dynamic Model for Small-to-Medium Australian Enterprises". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365405.

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The research is a critical analysis of the operational aspects of doing environment business with China through cross-cultural networks. In particular the investigation involved establishing an intensively documented, longitudinal profile of a single network. This network comprised Australian Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Chinese players based in the People's Republic of China. This profile covers a period of two decades. The research adopted a broad multi-disciplinary and inductive approach, using action research, case study methods, and systems analysis techniques. An innovative approach used time values as a constant to analyse the relativity of player connections, activities and structural levels in the network. This approach drew its applied orientation from the environmental sciences, and its theoretical base from the social science disciplines of marketing and international business. The specific field of study was the structure and evolutionary dynamics of networks. The outcome of the research is a model Australian SMEs can use for doing environment business with China. This model sets environment business in the context of a wider trading network of Chinese, Australian, South East Asian, and Middle Eastern players. The cornerstone of this model is the corporate role of the academic sector in accessing the Chinese environmental market. The research shows in detail how Australian SMEs can, and do, use cross-cultural academic linkages for trade. Such linkages facilitate market research, negotiation, risk management, product development, and the establishment of distribution channels in Asian markets. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a number of parallel nets of Chinese players to facilitate trade and overcome interruptions or obstacles. The research has contributed to knowledge by establishing an Asia-oriented, empirically derived model that differs substantially from the mono-cultural models in current practice in the Australian environment industry. The intensive investigation of the network of SMEs and Chinese players has identified the entrepreneurial strengths of SMEs in the international marketplace. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view that SMEs must depend on larger players for export success. In addition, the research has established that this kind of network has a clan-like structure. This finding is central to the model. The research demonstrates that a clan-like structure is a flexible framework that is compatible with the independence and capacity of small firms to adapt to change and to make decisions. This characteristic of SMEs enables them to proceed without, and at times in spite of, the encumbrances of large and unwieldy corporate and institutional structures. This finding is directly contrary to the belief prevalent in the Australian environment industry that SMEs depend on larger players to enter international markets. The finding also challenges the established view that Chinese networks are relatively closed systems based on family ties. The research shows that Australian SMEs can become part of these systems either directly or through links, and have many common attributes with their Chinese counterparts. The research has made a key contribution to theory by using these findings to develop an organic network model that differs from the so-called contrived network. This empirically derived theoretical model represents the seven dimensions of cross-cultural collaboration. The four social dimensions are the personal, organisational, sectoral and regional levels of a person-centred network, composed of nets of individuals with extensive linkages to other individuals and to organisations. The three dynamic dimensions are the triadic, the temporal, and the trading levels of interaction between the players. This theoretical model also demonstrates the depth of cross-connection between the nets of individual, and the embeddedness of the network in other networks. The model emphasises the centrality of time as the key connector between the social dimensions of the network and the exchange processes that characterise clan-like interactions. The model also represents the layers of evolutionary development that characterise the exchange processes in the network. These layers include adaptive processes, short-term exchanges, and long-term exchanges, and exchanges that derive from particular arrangements of players and market openings at critical points in time. This model extends concepts that have emerged from the original International Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Interaction Model, and gives empirical credence to recent philosophical, but untested, views on the relevance of time as a context for interaction.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Sciences
Full Text

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11

Nations, Jennifer Marie. "Networks and Cultural Bridges: A Case Study with the Tarahumara of Northern Mexico". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1309.

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Network and cultural bridge theories predict the source and durability of cultural boundaries, including how cultural boundaries are overcome in order for differing groups to have meaningful exchanges. Ethnographic interview data with three research subjects in Northern Mexico reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Minita Bustillos, Juan Daniel Villalobos, and Horacio Echeverría contribute to bridging ties between the closed indigenous community of the Tarahumara and outside Mexican and American groups. Their positions elucidate the veracity of theoretical propositions found in network and cultural bridge theories. Findings suggest that though useful in understanding several aspects of network structure and bridging, network theory does not fully explain how a person becomes part of a network bridge or what social capabilities may be useful for someone in that position. Cultural bridge theories extend the explanation by showing the importance of relationship building in bridging, but rely too heavily on the notion that a single individual can provide the cultural capital and resources necessary to be a cross-cultural bridge in and of themselves. The additional concepts of habitus and cultural tool-kits supplement these perspectives by explaining how respondents acquired cultural and social knowledge that allows them to make connections in multiple distinct networks and how the respondents can so naturally say and do things to garner trust from members of both groups. This research shows how the theoretical concepts can be used in application to a specific social context. It also provides support for the possible use of the concepts of habitus, network bridging, and tool-kits for training members of grass roots organizations attempting to bridge between distinct, and even opposing, social groups.

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Jäderlind, Alexandra, i Harumi Averfalk. "Communication across cultural barriers to internationalization between Sweden and Japan : A Case Study of HMS Networks AB". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för innovations-, entreprenörskaps- och lärandeforskning (CIEL), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44639.

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In the globalized economy, internationalization is necessary for companies to have a competitive advantage to survive in the long term and Swedish companies are no exception. However, when Swedish companies enter Japan the cultural differences between the two countries are significant, which may create cultural barriers. There are few cross-cultural studies focusing on communication across cultural barriers that foreign companies face when entering the Japanese market. Also, the research is conducted from a one-way perspective, with less focus on the perspective of the Japanese counterparts. The purpose of this thesis is to identify what cultural barriers a company, with Sweden as the home country, has encountered under the internationalization process when entering Japan from both a Swedish and Japanese point of view. In the qualitative research approach, the empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the employees in a Swedish company HMS Networks AB (HMS), which has internationalized to Japan and has a subsidiary HMS Industrial Networks K.K. in Japan (HMS Japan). These findings were also complemented with secondary data such as corporate websites and annual reports. The empirical data were analyzed into three steps: transcription, systematization, and combination. The results showed that HMS has faced internal and external cultural barriers during the internationalization of the Japanese market. The differences in work culture, language, business relationship created cultural barriers and influenced the communication within and outside of the company. There were more internal cultural barriers than external ones, which has decreased over time, resulting from Japanese society becoming more international and Swedish companies adapting appropriately to Japanese culture. This research thesis will be a tool for creating a deeper understanding and communication of two different cultures. First, language is the most significant cultural barrier to entering foreign markets. Therefore, it is crucial that the company itself provides an opportunity to learn a language for employees. Second, it demonstrates the importance of deepening the understanding between the parties. International companies should not try to change foreign employees’ way of being but instead consider both cultures and implement a common foundation. Third, it is essential to keep in mind that it takes time to overcome cultural barriers. Also, when a company internationalizes, cultural barriers may occur from both sides of countries, and they may be interpreted differently in the same situation. Thus, understanding how the other party interprets your culture is important, which will help to reduce cultural barriers.

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Akhtar, R. M. "Going beyond individual differences : exploring the impact of social networks, work environment and cross-cultural differences on entrepreneurial achievement". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1529201/.

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In academia and business, entrepreneurship has received considerable interest given its allure of autonomy, innovation and ability to produce considerable amounts of wealth and value (Hisrich, Langan-Fox & Grant, 2007). In essence, the start-up is the new ‘garage rock band’ with its promises of fame and fortune. Yet, this analogy is sobered by the fact that the majority of start-ups fail to grow and become sustainable businesses (Shane, 2008). In light of this, the question of which entrepreneurial ventures do go on to achieve success and grow, and in what contexts, becomes of primary interest. Given that entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic, technological and social progress, understanding the antecedents of entrepreneurial achievement has important theoretical and practical implications (Kuratko, 2007). Psychologists have conducted much research into the role of individual differences in the attainment of entrepreneurial achievements (e.g. organisational growth, innovation & value creation), alongside situational theorists who have identified the various ways in which contextual factors aid achievement. There remains however a significant lack of research that has attempted to integrate the two approaches. It is argued that doing so will extend both academic and practitioner understanding of how entrepreneurial talent is expressed, developed, and produces achievement. Using an interactionist approach (Tett & Burnett, 2003), this thesis sets forth the hypothesis that although an individual’s entrepreneurial talent is important, its relationship with achievement is influenced by relevant contextual factors that are expressed at the micro, meso and macro levels of the environment. Appreciating the wealth of situational entrepreneurship research, the current thesis explores this hypothesis across multiple levels of analysis. Particular attention is paid to the influences of social capital, organisational culture, and cross-cultural differences between developing economies. This thesis begins with a review of the psychological and contextual determinants of entrepreneurial achievement, and outlines key gaps in the literature. Based on this, a series of hypotheses were proposed that sought to explain how contextual factors influence the relationship between individual differences and entrepreneurial achievement. Together, this served as the theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical chapters. The first empirical chapter of this thesis integrated both personality and social capital theory (Burt, 2004), by using social network analysis to demonstrate the influence of social capital as a moderator in the relationship between personality traits and achievement. These results not only demonstrated the indirect effect individual differences holds with achievement, via social and relational factors, it also integrated two distinct research methodologies: psychometrics and social network analysis. There is much research that has explored what constitutes an organisation’s culture to be creative or innovative (Anderson, Potočnik & Zhou, 2014), yet, this is not the case when discussing entrepreneurship. Accordingly, the second empirical chapter describes the development and validation of such a psychometric measure. In particular, this measure assesses the extent to which an organisation’s culture supports and encourages entrepreneurial activity and achievement. This measure consists of four dimensions: Leadership Style, Employee Values, Empowerment & Team Behaviour. This Entrepreneurial Culture Inventory was found to hold concurrent and incremental validity in the prediction of entrepreneurial achievement, self-efficacy work engagement and employee’s intention to quit their jobs. Furthermore, it was found to positively moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial talent and achievement. These findings address a lack of understanding in how organisations can encourage entrepreneurial practices and achievements amongst their employees. The final empirical chapter sought to explore the stability of the entrepreneurial talent and achievement relationship across emerging market economies, and also whether differences in gender, socioeconomic and financial factors (e.g. macro contextual influences) mediated this relationship. Collecting data from a sample of over 18,000 microfinance loan applicants, across seven emerging market economies, a multi-group structural equation model revealed that the relationship between entrepreneurial talent and achievement is stable across a variety of countries. These analyses also found no gender differences in entrepreneurial talent between male and female entrepreneurs. In fact, it was found that the reason for gender differences in achievement is the result of external factors, namely, the type of business ventures males and females pursue, and the amount of funding each gender receives. These results demonstrated macro contextual factors to have a significant impact on achievement, irrespective of an individual’s level of entrepreneurial talent. These findings have implications for leaders and organisations that are responsible for growing a nation’s economy and promoting gender equality. Reviewing the discussed literature, and the results presented within each chapter, this thesis has successfully extended individual difference theories of entrepreneurship by integrating contextual factors. Specifically, the impact of context on this relationship was empirically demonstrated across micro, meso and macro levels of analysis. This suggests that although individual differences are important antecedents of entrepreneurial achievement, context plays a significant role in activating and enabling an individual’s entrepreneurial talent. More so, this research was carried out using a mixture of research methodologies and techniques, some of which are new to the study of individual differences and entrepreneurship. Together, it can be concluded that this thesis has addressed key gaps in current understanding, and contributed towards a growing body of psychological research. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.

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Gunnarsson, Daniel. "The distribution of bronze artefacts of Viking Age Eastern Baltic types discovered on Gotland : Iron Age networks and identities". Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203121.

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This thesis has compared the distribution of certain types of Viking Age Eastern Baltic bronze artefacts discovered on Gotland. This was done in order to observe different parts of Gotland´s interaction with different groups in the Baltic Sea region and how this might have influenced the identities and ideas of the individuals involved in the interaction. The objects and their finding contexts were subjected to a geographical analysis and applied to a map of Viking Age Gotland. Different distribution patterns can be observed for different types of artefacts, as well as a shift in pattern of interaction in the Baltic Sea region over time.

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Bilyayeva, Tetiana A. "Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Users’ Perception of the Navigation Organization of an E-Commerce Web Application". UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/413.

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The object of this study was to assess the influence of native language, as a principal cultural characteristic, one users’ behavior when using a web-based e-commerce application. The study expands on previous research by comparing English and Russian users. The research also considered demographic data to assess additional factors that influence behavior and task performance. The research design encompassed an online shopping application with two different navigation menus. One menu was based on the action-object model and the other was based on the object-action model. The user interface was created in two different languages (Russian and English). This study suggests that language, as a cultural indicator, has a direct relationship to user satisfaction and performance in e-commerce web applications.

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Morasch, Christopher Patrick [Verfasser], Abdolkarim [Gutachter] Sadrieh i Susanne [Gutachter] Enke. "The roles of Brand Trust and Behavioural Trust in social networks online - Three cross-cultural studies / Christopher Patrick Morasch ; Gutachter: Abdolkarim Sadrieh, Susanne Enke". Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1220035769/34.

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McLiver, Lawrence Clyde. "Cross-cultural adjustment and support services for Pacific Islander students at Queensland University of Technology : an exploration". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.

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Cross-cultural adjustment of Pacific Island nation students enrolled in undergraduate courses at the Queensland University of Technology was researched through a comprehensive questionnaire. Forty students responded to the questionnaire and twenty students were interviewed in depth. The majority of the respondents were under 25 years and single. Almost three quarters were sponsored. The major findings were, (a) the majority of the students managed to adjust their learning styles and strategies to better suit the culture of Australian universities, (b) the majority were aware of support services, but less utilised them, ( c) the majority chose to go to academics and friends for help with their study. These findings point to the existence of an informal supportive network of friends and academics. The results highlight the challenges facing those involved in university education who are concerned with developing appropriate support mechanisms which promote both enjoyment and success in tertiary study for Pacific Island students.

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Yoon, Dong-Yeol. "The relationships among the extent of participant involvement in cross-cultural learning activities, individual differences of participants, and adaptation of expatriate managers to the host country in a Korean multinational corporation". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316032125.

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Polymeropoulou, Marilou. "Networked creativity : ethnographic perspectives on chipmusic". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2c16d1ac-10c8-4493-b624-ebe5be41c9f4.

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This thesis examines creativity as manifested in an online and transnational network of musicians who compose chipmusic, a kind of electronic music characteristic of 1980s early home computers and videogame sounds. The primary argument is that creativity in chipmusic worlds is networked, meaning that it is dispersed across various activities that are labelled as creative: chipmusic-making, technology-hacking practices that underpin the music, digital cultural practices such as use of social media, online releases, crowdsourcing, staged and screened performances, and any other activity related to chipmusic. The thesis examines the ways in which networked creativity is mediated in the chipscene from an interdisciplinary methodological viewpoint informed by ethnomusicology, anthropology, and sociology. Although the chipscene is geographically dispersed across more than thirty countries worldwide, the chipscene network is well-connected. Communication and music circulation practices of chipmusicians are enabled by the internet. This thesis primarily discusses chipmusic culture that suggests a rich context where creativity discourse is as intensely diverse as the chipscene itself, in which it is embedded. In looking at the creative process and performance practices, I employ a mixed methods approach based on ethnographic research methods and social network analysis, to examine how intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of chipmusic-making, such as ideology, cultural values, network infrastructure, chiptune poetics and aesthetics, distribution of creative roles, authenticity, differentiation, genre dynamics, and intellectual property issues, shape creativity.

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Almakrami, Hashem Abdullah A. "Online self-disclosure across cultures: A study of Facebook use in Saudi Arabia and Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84494/4/Hashem%20Almakrami%20Thesis.pdf.

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This research aimed to gain a sophisticated understanding of self-disclosure on Facebook across two distinctive cultures, Saudi Arabia and Australia. This study utilised an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, consisting of a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. Findings from both quantitative and qualitative data provide a broad understanding of the types of information that people self-disclose on Facebook, identifies factors that have a significant influence (either positive or negative) on such disclosure, and explains how it is affected by one's national culture.

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Park, Bruno. "Exploring different social media users from the millennials’ generation: a cross-cultural behavioral analysis of Brazilian users of Facebook and chinese users of RenRen". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13341.

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With the increasing importance of digital communication and its distinct characteristics, marketing tools and strategies adopted by companies have changed dramatically. Among the many digital marketing tools and new media channels available for marketers, the phenomenon known as social media is one of the most complex and enigmatic. It has a range that still is quite unexplored and deeply transforms the present view on the promotion mix (Mangold & Faulds, 2009). Conversations among users on social media directly affect their perceptions on products, services and brands. But more than that, a wide range of other subjects can also become topics of conversations on social media. Hit songs, sporting events, celebrity news and even natural disasters and politics are topics that often become viral on the web. Thus, companies must grasp that, and in order to become more interesting and relevant, they must take part in these conversations inserting their brands in these online dynamic dialogues. This paper focuses on how these social interactions are manifested in the web in to two distinct cultures, Brazil and China. By understanding the similarities and differences of these cultures, this study helps firms to better adjust its marketing efforts across regions, targeting and positioning themselves, not only geographically and culturally, but also across different web platforms (Facebook and RenRen). By examining how companies should focus their efforts according to each segment in social media, firms can also maximize its results in communication and mitigate risks. The findings suggest that differences in cultural dimensions in these two countries directly affect their virtual social networking behavior in many dimensions (Identity, Presence, Relationships, Reputation, Groups, Conversations and Sharing). Accordingly, marketing efforts must be tailored to each comportment and expectations.
Com o aumento da importância da comunicação corporativa no meio digital e suas distintas características, ferramentas e estratégias de marketing adotadas por empresas mudaram dramaticamente. Entre as inúmeras ferramentas digitais e novos canais de mídia disponíveis para executivos de marketing, o fenômeno conhecido como mídias sociais está entre as mais complexas e enigmáticas. Mídias Sociais ainda possuem uma capacidade que ainda é imensamente inexplorada e atualmente transforma a perspectiva de executivos no marketing mix (Mangold & Faulds, 2009). Conversas entre usuários de mídias sociais afetam diretamente suas percepções quanto a produtos, serviços e marcas. Entretanto, um leque de outros temas também podem se tornar tópicos de conversas em mídias sociais. Música, esportes, celebridades e até mesmo desastres naturais e política podem se tornar virais na web de acordo com suas dimensões culturais. Por isso, é imperativo que empresas se engajem nessas conversas introduzindo suas marcas para que se tornem ainda mais interessantes e relevantes. Esse estudo foca-se em como essas interações sociais são manifestadas em duas distintas culturas (Brasil e China) ajudando executivos de marketing a entender como semelhanças e diferenças culturais afetam suas ações de marketing em diferentes regiões e plataformas sociais (Facebook e RenRen). Examinando como empresas deveriam focar suas ações de marketing de acordo com cada segmento, elas podem maximizar resultados e mitigar riscos em suas estratégias de comunicação. Evidências desse estudo sugerem que diferenças em dimensões culturais entre esses dois países diretamente afetam seus comportamentos em mídias sociais em diversas dimensões (Identidade, Presença, Relacionamentos, Reputação, Grupos, Conversas e Compartilhamentos). Por isso, ações de marketing devem ser personalizadas de acordo com cada comportamento e expectativas.

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Suguiura, Marcos Hiroyuki. "Relações entre a rede social e as migrações Brasil-Japão". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-26112009-160817/.

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Esta pesquisa intenta analisar as Redes de Apoio dos Dekasseguis, os nós que as formam, a qualidade dos vínculos que os unem, e verificar a influência destes atores sociais nas decisões do trabalhador brasileiro no Japão. Primeiramente, comentamos estudos acerca do tema Dekassegui. Em seguida, apresentamos um histórico da Análise de Redes Sociais dentro das Ciências Humanas e especificamente dentro da Psicologia, e aprofundamos nas relações entre Redes Sociais e movimentos migratórios. Passamos então a descrever as bases da Abordagem Intercultural utilizadas neste trabalho. A metodologia utilizada obedece aos preceitos da Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais e por internet, via comunicador instantâneo (MSN) com jovens brasileiros que tiveram a experiência de trabalhar como dekasseguis no Japão. Os dados revelam as impressões dos dekasseguis a respeito do povo japonês, suas dificuldades no contato com os nativos e com outros brasileiros nas mesmas condições no Japão, e a forma como sua Rede Social influencia sua tomada de decisões.
This research aims at analyzing the Support Networks of Dekasseguis, the nodes that form them, the quality of the bonds that unite them, and the influence of these social actors in decisions made by Brazilian workers in Japan. Firstly, we focus our studies on Dekassegui. Next, we present the history of Social Network analysis within the Humanities and specifically within Psychology, and specify the relations between social networks and migration. We then describe the basics of Intercultural Approach we used in this work. The methodology used follows the precepts of Grounded Theory. Interviews were conducted in person and via the Internet, mainly instant messaging (MSN), with young Brazilian who had the experience of working as dekasseguis in Japan. The data shows impressions of these immigrants about the Japanese people, their acquaintance and communication difficulties with the locals and other Brazilians under the same condition in Japan, and how their Social Network influences in their decision making.

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Pan, Grace Wen, i n/a. "Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia". Griffith University. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040719.110427.

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The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.

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Pan, Grace Wen. "Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365500.

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The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Tourism and Hotel Management
Full Text

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Dietrich, Katrina, i Giorgos Angelakis. "Services Marketing in a Cross-Cultural Environment: Elekta in Germany". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16249.

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Abstract Title: Services Marketing in a Cross-Cultural Environment: Elekta in Germany Level: Master Thesis in Business Administration Author: Katrina Dietrich & Giorgos Angelakis Supervisor: Maria Fregidou-Malama Examiner: Akmal Hyder Date: 2014-January Aim: This study aims to examine how culture, trust, network and standardization/adaption are applied within the Service Marketing of Elekta in Germany and if they overcome the characteristics of Services within a culturally different environment. Method: The research uses qualitative data, applies a single case study, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to collect primary data. Result & Conclusions: The applied model shows that Elekta uses a balance between adaptation and standardization as well as applies trust and network under awareness and use of the German culture. These factors are used in combination and are influencing each other in order to create a homogeneous and tangible service. Suggestions for future research: The case study indicates that one company is subject of the study in one country, hence generalization cannot be achieved. Therefore future research of other countries and other service industries can extend this research. Contribution of the thesis: This research stresses the importance of culture, adaptation/ standardisation and trust and networks in cross-cultural services marketing of Elekta. It shows how heterogeneity and intangibility are influenced by the variable trust, network, adaptation/ standardization and culture.

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Wang, Yu Sa. "Cross-border, cross-culture, cross social media-a study of immigrant youth in Macao". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952600.

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Song, Hamila. "Development of a web site for Korean returning students and their parents to help their process of re-adaptation". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2874.

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The purpose of this project was to develop a website to relieve Korean returnees' reverse culture shock and help their re-adaptation process. A website can be an outstanding resource for returnees in terms of accessibility because the target audiences are scattered all over the world.

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Rydback, Michelle. "Service Marketing in Cross-Cultural Envirorment : the Case of the Philippines". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9756.

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The aim of this research is to analyse how adaptation / standardisation, trust and network development counter the challenges created by intangibility and heterogeneity of service in the case of Philippine Gamma Knife Incorporated. This research used qualitative data that were gathered through unstructured interviews, direct observation and documents. The adaptation / standardisation, trust and network facilitate service visibility and decrease heterogeneity of a health care service. Among the variables adaptation / standardisation signifies an important role; however, trust manifestation was concluded more significant compared to network in a cultural environment such as that found in the Philippines. Moreover, culture was found to be an important role in the development of adaptation / standardisation, trust and network processes.

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Srinivasan, Ramprakash. "Computational Models of the Production and Perception of Facial Expressions". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531239299392184.

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Wong, Nga-man, i 黃雅敏. "Quality evaluation of geriatric health information on Yahoo! Answers : a cross-cultural comparative study". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193007.

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Given the increases on global ageing population, popularity of social Q&A sites and the level of geriatric health concerns from family caregivers, it raises the uncertainty about the quality of health information on social Q&A sites for family caregivers of elderly. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the quality of geriatric health information on social Questions and Answers (Q&A) sites: Yahoo! Answers from registered nurses’ perspective, to identify the structural patterns of questions and answers vary in quality and to discover the cultural aspects in relation to the findings. A total of 60 question-answers set is retrieved from regional Yahoo! Answers sites, including Australia, Canada, UK & Ireland, US, Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan. 126 English answers and 112 Chinese answers are examined. Through a mixed method approach, results show that the overall information quality provided in Chinese group is relatively poorer than those of English. About 40% of questioners form both groups are not capable of judging the best answer among choices. In terms of structural patterns, questioners from both language groups are less capable of asking questions with clear focuses. 4 structural patterns, including Chinese and English answers with good and poor quality, are identified. Furthermore, cultural differences are found to have a significant impact on the level of information quality in social Q&A site. Finally, recommendations to corresponding social sectors are made for improving the current information quality of social Q&A sites in future.
published_or_final_version
Library and Information Management
Master
Master of Science in Library and Information Management

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Zaytseva, Maria, i Alena Bazyleva. "Services Marketing in a Cross-Cultural Environment – The Case of Elekta in Russia". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12297.

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ABSTRACT Title: Services Marketing in a Cross-Cultural Environment – The Case of Elekta in Russia Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration Authors: Alena Bazyleva and Maria Zaytseva Supervisor: Dr. Maria Fregidou-Malama Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate how the products and services of the Swedish company Elekta are marketed in Russia, a country with cultural environment different from Sweden. For this purpose such aspects of marketing strategy as adaptation/standardization, trust and network development, which help to decrease the influence of intangibility and heterogeneity of services, are examined. Method: In present research explanatory applied type of study was used to describe services marketing process. Combination of induction and deduction methods, and qualitative methods of research were used. Case study of Swedish company Elekta was chosen as the research area. Primary data was collected through survey by means of semi-structured interviews and open questionnaires. Secondary data was collected from sources such as relevant books, scientific articles, company brochure, and websites of company and its clients. Results and conclusion: The research reveals that trust, network building, balance of adaptation and standardization strategies, employed by Elekta company, help to overcome heterogeneity and intangibility of its services in Russian market. It has also been found that the image of Sweden as a country of origin plays an important role in trust establishment in Russia, but in a sense that it is a foreign country, not Sweden in particular. Moreover, it is suggested, that organizational structure of international company, matrix structure in this particular case study, favours the development and effectiveness of the discussed variables. In spite of such characteristics of Russian market as high bureaucracy, corruption, “blat” network, unstable laws, etc., this market is considered to be a promising emerging market for international business. Russian national culture displays large power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, collectivist and feminine values, which influence the whole society and the business sphere as well. Suggestions for future research: It would be beneficial for future research to expand the range of complementing studies, examining the cases of Elekta in different countries and emerging markets in particular. In addition, in order to develop international services marketing theory, it is necessary to include other services industries in the scope of research. Furthermore, getting feedback from the patients, who experienced treatment on Elekta equipment, can contribute to the future research. Contribution of the thesis: The modification and adaptation of the theoretical framework of Fregidou-Malama and Hyder (2011) made by authors of this study contributes to the theory of international services marketing process. In addition, as there is lack of research in this area for health care sector, this study can be valuable addition to this research area. Research of the case of Elekta in Russia complements the range of studies on international services marketing process in health care sector with the cases of Elekta company in different countries: Egypt, China, the Philippines, Brazil, Hong Kong. Besides, current research has certain practical value: it is beneficial for international companies expanding into emerging markets in general and in Russian market in particular. This research may help to increase awareness about Elekta treatment solutions. Key words: Elekta, Gamma Knife, Russia, Services Marketing, Services characteristics, Network, Trust, Adaptation, Standardization, Culture, Organizational structure.

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Bachelet, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Bateaux-pigeons, quartier japonais et cartes nautiques : réseaux marchands et relations interculturelles entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN070.

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Cette thèse vise à analyser l’une des connexions majeures des mers de Chine à l’époque moderne : les relations entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa. A partir du milieu du XVIe siècle, l’impossibilité d’accéder au marché chinois pousse les marchands japonais à investir de plus en plus dans le commerce avec l’Asie du Sud-Est. Ils peuvent y échanger leur argent et leur cuivre contre de la soie et des produits tropicaux. Pour les Japonais, le Đại Việt présente des avantages décisifs : il accueille des marchands venus de Chine et est le seul pays de la région à produire lui-même de la soie. De plus, les autorités des deux pays partagent une conception similaire de l’étiquette et une instruction fondée sur les mêmes classiques. Le Champa, quant à lui, revêt une importance capitale auprès des autorités japonaises en tant que pourvoyeur de bois précieux. Ces relations connaissent une profonde restructuration au cours des années 1630, quand le shogunat interdit aux Japonais de quitter le pays, sans que cette connexion ne disparaisse. Par ailleurs, ces contacts avec le monde extérieur ont permis à une cartographie spécifiquement japonaise de se développer. Les cartes réalisées, si elles se fondent sur des modèles européens ou chinois, parviennent cependant à les réinventer et à les dépasser.La proximité entre le Japon et le Đại Việt en a donc fait des partenaires privilégiés, ce qui a permis l’établissement de communautés japonaises dans les ports viêt. Ces résidents japonais y ont occupé une fonction centrale, celle d’intermédiation entre Européens et autorités viêt. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’expliciter les fondements sur lesquels cette entente s’est nouée et d’analyser les réseaux multiethniques autour desquelles elle s’est construite, en recourant notamment à des modélisations informatiques
This dissertation aims to analyse one of the major connections in the early modern China seas, the relations between Japan, Đại Việt and Champa. From the mid-16th century onwards, as they were unable to access the Chinese market, Japanese traders increasingly invested in trade with Southeast Asia. They could exchange silver and cooper against silk and tropical products. Đại Việt offered decisive advantages for the Japanese. Merchants coming for China went there to trade and it is the only country to produce silk on its own. Furthermore, the authorities in both countries shared a same vision of diplomacy and their instruction was based on the same classics. As for the Champa, it was of particular importance for the Japanese authorities as a supplier of precious woods. These relations underwent a thorough reorganisation in the 1630’s, when the shogunate prohibited the Japanese from leaving the country, but this connection remained strong. Besides, these contacts with the outside world enabled a specifically Japanese cartography to emerge. Although they are based on European or Chinese models, these maps succeeded in reinventing and going beyond these models.The proximity between Japan and Đại Việt made them privileged partners and lead to the settlement of Japanese communities in Viêt ports. These Japanese residents played a crucial role in these societies, as go-betweens between the European and Viêt authorities. The purpose of this research work is to demonstrate how this common understanding emerged, and to analyse the networks that shaped it, notably through computer modelling

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Yuan, Jianwei, i 袁建伟. "Network building, business expansion and cultural innovation-rise of Chinese cross-boundary entrepreneurs during Hong Kong's transition". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44890540.

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Bouazzi, Cherif, i Suleiman Nadabo Lawal. "Building Trust in a Cross-Cultural Context: The National Investor in United Arab Emirates and Egypt". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27534.

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Aim: The aim of the study is to examine trust development in international marketing of financial services marketing of the National Investor (TNI) in UAE and Egypt. To achieve this, the researchers adapted Fregidou_Malama and Hyder (2015) framework of international services marketing that explains cultural influences on Adaptation/Standardization, network and trust formation in international services marketing. Method: A single case study approach is used as the research strategy and qualitative research using semi-structured interviews. The research uses qualitative interviews as the primary source of empirical data. Results and Conclusion: This study indicates that cultural values play a major role on the way people communicate, interact and conduct their businesses within the financial services sector in UAE and Egypt, and that cultural values, origins, policies, rules and regulations are factors that can affect how international companies build trust relationships within local cultures. Our results show that cultural dimensions such as power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/feminity affect trust building, networking and adaptation strategies in international marketing of financial service of the company. Research Contribution: This study contributes and shows the implication of the need for adaptation to satisfy customers’ needs and expectations in international marketing of financial services. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Egypt have almost identical cultural dimensions, in order to build trust, TNI adapts its services to meet up with the Egyptian customers' needs and expectations. In addition, all of the previous studies that were conducted using Fregidou_Malama and Hyder (2015) framework are in the marketing of healthcare services of Elekta AB, Sweden whereas this study focuses on financial services and also conducted and compared two identical national cultures from two different countries and their influence. Suggestions for Future Research: One of the limitations of this research is that it is a case study and doesn’t reflect the overall international financial sector and therefore the results and observations indicated in this research might differ along with the variation of the studied environment. Therefore, we recommend further study using the same model within the same financial service sector and the same business environment and compare with any European nation that is culturally distant from the United Arab Emirates and Egypt.

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Keel, Monique. "Refugee settlement: Acculturation, ethnic identity, ethnicity and social network development". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1269.

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Refugees arriving in Australia undergo a number of settlement processes including adaptation and acculturation, social support and network development, and an exploration of their ethnic identity. This research examines the settlement processes of mixed marriage refugees from what was Yugoslavia who arrived in Perth, Western Australia in the early to mid 1990's. A mixed marriage is one where the couple are from different ethnic backgrounds. This research has two main aims. The first aim is to examine the processes of acculturation and adaptation, the development of social support networks, and ethnic identity, within the refugees. These processes provide a framework from which to understand the settlement process. The second aim is to investigate the initial settlement programs and supports provided by Australia's government and community groups, and to provide recommendations for future service provision. Throughout the research, the experiences of the refugees are located within the sociopolitical context of the conflict in what was Yugoslavia and their migration. The impact of the refugees' ethnicity and ethnic identity is also considered. The research was comprised of a study in two stages. The first stage involved scoping interviews with critical participants and refugees to identify key conceptual domains for the purpose of guiding subsequent interviews. The second stage consisted of multiple-case, conversational interviews with 12 mixed marriage refugees from what was Yugoslavia. Data was analysed thematically and the results indicated that the participants were moving towards an acculturation outcome of bi-culturalism. The majority have taken out Australian citizenship, were proud of and grateful for it and saw it as a security for the future. The results also indicated that ethnicity impacts on the development of social networks. The participants generally socialised with other mixed marriage refugees as they felt comfortable and emotionally supported by them. Mainstream Australians provided more instrumental support. The participants referred to a feeling of belonging to Australia increasing with participation in the community and have made substantial efforts to understand the Australian way of life. Feeling part of the Australian community was a process that was taking time. The participants described their ethnic identity as either Yugoslav or Bosnian, regardless of their ethnicity. Whilst maintaining this identity, being Australian was also important and did not conflict with feeling Yugoslav or Bosnian. The links between the various settlement processes are discussed as well as the validity of the research process and recommendations for future research and for settlement programs. The results illustrated the diversity of experiences of the participants as well as a commonality resulting from their being in a mixed marriage. With respect to the second aim, the initial settlement experience is characterised by stress, due in part to the nature of the refugee experience and exacerbated by a lack of English, receiving confusing and untimely information, difficulties in finding work and difficulties in meeting mainstream Australians. The refugees who went through the On-Arrival Accommodation program felt less supported than those who went through the Community Resettlement Support Scheme, which offered a chance to meet Australians and provided better material assistance.

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Schultheiss, Rakel, i Nicolas Philipp Kalmer. "Self-disclosure on Facebook : Social Network Site privacy and personal information disclosure of Germans and Norwegians - A cross-cultural comparison". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76235.

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Social Network Site (SNS) users’ disclosed personal information is beneficial for marketers, as targeted advertising can be provided accordingly. This study identifies the three privacy concepts of concerns, attitudes and intentions, along with culture (i.e. Hofstede’s masculinity) to be key drivers of users’ self-disclosure on SNSs. Hence, this study evaluates these antecedents and their potential effect on self-disclosure, considering Facebook as the SNS of choice. To account for potential cross-cultural differences, data has been gathered via two online questionnaires, resulting in one German and one Norwegian sample of respondents. Multiple regression analyses were carried to evaluate the antecedents of self-disclosure and one-way ANOVA to examine potential differences amongst Germans and Norwegians. Results indicate that privacy intention is the strongest predictor of self-disclosure on SNSs; whereas privacy concerns and attitudes only reveal an indirect effect on self-disclosure. In addition, significant differences have been found for all of the constructs, indicating that there exist fundamental differences between Germans and Norwegians with regards to their cognitive processing behind personal information disclosure on SNSs.

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Haxhija, Sindi. "An institutional and cultural perspective on 'soft' spaces of cooperation : Findings from a transboundary Dutch-German cooperation network". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16757.

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Following the necessity for spatial planning to focus on ‘what works’ in terms of implementation and policy delivery, during the last decade, the notion ‘soft’ spaces of cooperation have been in the spotlight of many academics working on territorial cooperation units. ‘Soft’ spaces of cooperation have been introduced mainly to explain what was happening for real through the continuous attempts to promote new policy scales, initially through the device of fuzzy boundaries. However, despite the necessity to address interests beyond existing rigid administrative boundaries, still issues related to financial power, infrastructure coordination and investment, ecological and environmental concerns, etc., all are situated within hierarchical structures of government and governance. Challenges arise and affect the interaction of actors in these areas, given the different institutional and cultural settings. This research investigates ways in which governmental institutions influence the coordination between non-governmental actors, points of interests that can foster the cooperation between governmental institutions and, more specifically the main challenges that non-governmental actors face while trying to cooperate due to cultural differences and institutional set-up in a ‘soft’ territorial cooperation. The research has been carried out in the Dutch-German border area, focusing on a common natural linkage and asset such as the Rhine river. While coordination between different sectoral policies exists in both sides of the border, different social context, planning mode and different legal and political conditions make the implementation of common projects a challenge.

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38

Exley, Beryl E. "Teachers' Professional Knowledge Bases for Offshore Education: Two case studies of Western teachers working in Indonesia". Thesis, QUT, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/2699/1/2699_01front.pdf.

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This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as ‘New Times’ (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers’ professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers’ knowledge of their own and students’ pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers’ knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semi-structured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers’ descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers’ professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students’ pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers’ pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students’ or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners’ needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

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39

Exley, Beryl Elizabeth. "Teachers' Professional Knowledge Bases for Offshore Education:Two Case Studies of Western Teachers Working in Indonesia". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16021/.

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This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

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40

Exley, Beryl Elizabeth. "Teachers' professional knowledge bases for offshore education : two case studies of western teachers working in Indonesia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16021/1/Beryl_Exley_Thesis.pdf.

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This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

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41

Wrammert, Anna. "Selfies, dolls and film stars : a cross-cultural study on how young women in India and Sweden experience the use of digital images for self-presentation on social network sites". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225667.

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42

Wei-Tzou, Hsiou-Chi. "An investigation into mainland Chinese students' experience of a cross-cutural e-mail exchange project". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/87848.

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The effectiveness of e-mail writing has been exhaustively studied and reported on, especially in Taiwan. However, there has not been any research carried out on the topics that mainland Chinese university students enjoy writing about when corresponding with their Western epals, nor does the literature report research on writing e-mails to two groups of epals simultaneously. This study explores what issues concerned the participants when they exchanged e-mails with their Western epals and how they viewed their cross-cultural learning experience. The participants were 28 mainland Chinese second-year English majors who voluntarily corresponded with 28 American high school pupils and 28 Western adult epals for about two months in Autumn 2006. The data of this exploratory interpretative research was mainly collected from their e-mails, ‘final reports’, the mid-project questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews. The study found that the topics the participants enjoyed writing about actually depended on with whom they were corresponding. With the younger school pupils, they tended to look for friendship by talking about pastimes, their own high school experience, etc. To the more sophisticated adult epals though, they wrote largely about personal matters, on which they seemed to be covertly seeking advice. However, some topics were common to both groups and were equally popular – for example, school and daily life. The data also reveals that the majority of the participants enjoyed the experience and overall had positive views about it. These fall into three broad categories of learning: language, cultural, and communication. However, some experienced minor difficulties and problems in these areas, particularly regarding the communication aspect. Meanwhile, in the process of the participants multiediting their ‘final reports’, learning seems to have occurred between their first and final drafts – perhaps as a result of responding to the researcher’s written feedback, which seemed to make a significant difference. The implications arising from the study suggest that the students’ interest in it stimulated their engagement with learning - though the findings are tentative. Some recommendations for further research are also given.

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43

Schul, David Baruch. "Cross-cultural neuronal networks during visual memory elaboration : work in functional MRI /". 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013215391&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Cho, Seong Eun. "Cross-cultural comparison of Korean and American social network sites exploring cultural differences in social relationships and self-presentation /". 2010. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052104.

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45

Feng, Jing B. "Organizational Cross-Cultural Adaptation Through Social Networks: A Multiple-Case Study Of Chinese Firms Operating In The United States". 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/marketing_diss/26.

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I report on the findings of an inductive, interpretive multiple-case study of organizational cross-cultural adaptation and answer the question of how foreign companies can overcome the challenges of fitting into their host environment. Based on in-depth interview data from nine Chinese firms operating in the United States, I explore the content and drivers of firm-level cross-cultural adaptation. The emergent framework demonstrates a dynamic and comprehensive process at the firm level, involving a multilevel and multidimensional adaptation to fit through social networking. The identified patterns of adaptors reveal the link between cross-cultural adaptation and functional fitness of firms in a foreign environment. The study also identifies the boundary conditions of the cross-cultural adaptation of foreign firms. In addition, the study highlights the previously underserved aspect of functional fitness in a foreign environment and its essential role in influencing a firm’s overseas performance.

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46

Csosz, Szilvia Zsuzsanna. "The Psychological And Physiological Effects Of Social Support During Childbirth In African Women". Thesis, 1992. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24323.

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A thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Arts University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social support for African women labouring aione in a Westernized hospital setting. Two high stress groups of first-time mothers, were studied; a mildly hypertensive group and a teenage group. the results indicated support to be moderately effective in both groups. Factors such as the cultural background, the apartheid system, social influences and the environment in which the mothers live may have impacted on the effectiveness of the support.
AC 2018

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47

Lee, Joohee. "Psychological health in Asian and Caucasian women who have experienced domestic violence: the role of ethnic background, social support, and coping". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1231.

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48

Fu, Jia. "Social inclusion of Chinese immigrants in Portugal: The roles of length of residence and social networks". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19950.

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Focusing on Chinese immigrants, this study investigated the role of length of residence and social networks on social inclusion, which we operationalized as psychological adaptation, socio-cultural adaptation, economic adaptation and political participation in the Portuguese society. The study found that:(a) Chinese immigrants’ overall social networks was positively correlated with psychological adaptation and socio-cultural adaptation; (b)Chinese immigrants’ length of residence in the host society was positively related to psychological adaptation and socio-cultural adaptation; (c) The overall social networks but not differentiated networks mediated the relationship between immigrants’ length of residence and their socio-cultural adaptation and the relationship between length of residence and psychological adaptation. Limitations of the study and implications for further research were discussed.

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49

Berru, Gabriela. "Cross-cultural differences in electronic word-of-mouth engagement". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/39056.

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Nowadays SNSs grow in importance and still cross-cultural studies about the factors that influence the engagement of electronic word-of-mouth are limited. Therefore, this study explores the influence of social relationship variables on eWOM behaviors, between Ecuador and Portugal. An online survey was conducted among 145 Ecuadorian and 47 Portuguese, Generation Y, Facebook users. The findings displayed for Portuguese users, eWOM key motivating factors for opinion seeking is bridging social capital, while for sharing information bonding social capital and tie strength. Contrarily in Ecuador bridging social capital influenced three eWOM behaviors. For both cultures, bonding social capital predicted the desire to share.

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50

"A cross cultural validation of perceptions and use of social network service: An exploratory study". MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY, 2010. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3386320.

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