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Jacoud, Colette. "Induction précoce de l'effet "PGPR" par Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 chez le maïs". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10151.
Pełny tekst źródłaEhlert, Christina. "Importance de la conductivité hydraulique racinaire pour le contrôle de la croissance foliaire chez le maïs (Zea mays L. )". Montpellier SupAgro, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSAM0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn maize, leaf growth reduction by increased evaporative demand appeared to depend on either plant water status (Hsiao et al. , 1998) and/or soil-to-root hydraulic conductivity (Bouchabke et al. , 2006). Difficulties in controlling soil-to-root characteristics has hindered to evaluate their role in plant responses to evaporative demand. The discovery of aquaporins and the recent insights into their gating properties offered the possibility to assess the role of root water uptake characteristics, in particular hydraulic conductivity of the roots (Lpr) for leaf growth rate and water flow in intact plants. In this thesis, Lpr reductions were induced by a range of treatments which affected Lpr by aquaporin down-regulation such as acid root loading, anoxia and hydrogen peroxide. These treatments were combined with a range of evaporative demands, and short term responses of leaf elongation rate, water flow and water potentials were followed. It was concluded that, firstly, aquaporins controlled an important part of the water transport across maize roots with primary impacts on water potential gradient rather than on water flow. Secondly, the Lpr controlled the responsiveness of leaf elongation rate to fluctuating evaporative demand. Thirdly, turgor pressure of growing cells responded like leaf elongation rate to combined changes in root hydraulic conductivity and plant transpiration rate, and could therefore explain the interactive effects of water availability and evaporative demand on leaf growth. A modelling approach was developed to further support this conclusion. Lastly, on a short term time scale, anoxia inhibited maize leaf growth following the same hydraulic signalling cascade as induced by pharmacological treatments targeting root aquaporin inactivation. We conclude that environmental conditions affecting Lpr, such as anoxia, class this variable as a putative strong determinant for whole plant adaptation to environmental stresses
Saddiki, Samia. "Utilisation du Bradyrhizobium japonicum comme rhizobactéries favorisant la croissance des plantes chez le maïs". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44955.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDignat, Grégoire. "Dissection génétique de la croissance foliaire et de ses composantes écophysiologiques chez le maïs". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0041.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis was to analyze the genetic control of the Leaf Elongation Rate (LER) of maize (Zea mays L.). We combined approaches that (i) summarize the QTL information of three mapping populations (one tropical, two temperate), (ii) tested the impact of the introgression of allelic diversity at most promising QTLs, (iii) test to what extent QTLs of LER affect different traits (iv) dissect QTLs of interest by fine mapping or local association mapping.The first part of this document focuses on the genetic control of maximum LER (LERmax) measured in near-optimal conditions during the night. LERmax, as measured in a phenotyping platform, shares an appreciable proportion of its genetic control with the growth abilities of other organs. QTLs affecting LERmax and/or the growth of other organs were therefore dissected. One genomic region was fine-mapped with 23 Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs), sequentially introgressed in the bins 1.10-11, resulting in a reduction of the confidence interval by a factor 3. A second genomic region was analysed after the development of an innovative method of local association mapping on a collection of NILs, introgressed with 62 donor parents from historical populations from different altitude and latitudes in Latin America. This relatively small region harbors more causal polymorphisms than expected (six associated markers in low linkage disequilibrium vs three cQTLs).The second part focuses on the sensitivities of LER to evaporative demand or to soil water deficit. The two sensitivities share a large part of their genetic control as demonstrated by a metaQTL analysis on three mapping populations and the test of NILs. Eight metaQTLs in four genomic regions were tested with 6 to 17 different alleles to find the NILs that best impact the phenotype. We started a fine mapping on one genomic region by using one population of NILs involving a tropical donor
Parent, Boris. "Développement foliaire chez le riz et le maïs : cadre d'analyse, réponses comparées à la température et régulation de la croissance en déficit hydrique". Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of models of growth responses to environmental conditions in maize and rice, two species considered as drought sensitive, which would explicitly take into account the genetic variability. The first task was to reconsider the physiological bases of the compensation of time by temperature, usually carried out viacalculations of thermal time. This calculation is not valid in rice that has a curvilinear response on the whole range of growing temperatures. We compared maize and rice, both from tropical origins, with Arabidopsis thaliana, from temperate origins. (i) Different processes linked to plant development have a common response to temperature within each species. (ii) Differences between species were lower than expected. In particular, the responses of enzyme activities were similar between species. The species differed more by the “windows” in which their growth is possible than by the response itself in these windows. (iii). A general expression of temperature-compensated rate was proposed and used all along this thesis. Rice leaf development differs markedly than that of other monocotyledonous, with a much shorter period of steady state growth during which leaf elongation and cell divisionrates are constant. We have established a specific framework of analysis for rice, which determines the temporal changes and spatial distribution of cell division and cell elongation during leaf development. The responses of growth and gas exchanges to soil water deficit and to evaporative demand were analysed in 7 rice genotypes from various origins, and compared to that of maize. An important result is that both stomatal conductance of rice and the low response of its growth to evaporative demand conferit a low sensitivity to high evaporative demand. Sensitivity to soil water deficit were similar in rice and maize, but with a slightly higher sensitivity in genotypes adapted to aerobic conditions than those adapted to flooding. Overall the high sensitivity usually described for rice is probably more linked to its root system than to the physiological characteristics of shoot growth and gas exchanges. The last part of the thesis consisted in clarifying the role of abscisic acid (ABA)in the response of leaf growth to soil water deficit. We used for that a set of maize lines affected on ABA biosynthesis. The concentration of ABA in the xylem sap had a non-hydraulic negative effect on leaf growth but could not entirely account for the decrease in leaf growthwith soil drying. ABA contributed to maintain leaf water status during the day by increasing root hydraulic conductivity via an increase in aquaporin content, and via its effect on stomatal closure. Leaf growth was therefore better maintained during theday in plants that accumulated ABA, while it was higher during the night in plants that under-accumulated ABA. An important result is that leaf water potential appeared as a major determinant of changes in leaf growth as affected by both environmental conditions and genotypes, while ABA had a lower intrinsic effect than expected
Bockstaller, Christian. "Taille et forme des semences de maïs (Zea mays l. ) : variabilité et effets sur la croissance, le développement et le rendement". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_BOCKSTALLER_C.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKoné, Bakary Bafétégué. "Utilisation de données Lidar pour la caractérisation des grandes cultures : cas du maïs et du soja". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19549.
Pełny tekst źródłaSatchivi, Norbert M. "Toxicité de deux herbicides, l'imazaquine et le metsulfuron méthyle sur la croissance de plantules de mai͏̈s (zea mays) influence de l'antidote lab 145 138 h". Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0223.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuiñones, Pedroza Héctor Emiliano. "Simulation des contraintes hydriques sur la croissance et le rendement du tournesol et du mai͏̈s". Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT028A.
Pełny tekst źródłaTubeileh, Ashraf. "Photosynthèse, répartition des assimilats et rhizodéposition chez le maïs (Zea Mays L. ) soumis à la compaction du sol". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_TUBEILEH_A.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this work was to investigate the effects of soil compaction on carbon assimilation, photosynthate partitioning, and morphology of corn plants during vegetative growth period up to tassel initiation. We were particularly interested in carbon input into the soil and soil microbial biomass. Corn plants were grown in culture pots containing compacted soil (bulk density of 1. 45 g cm-3 ) or loose soil (bulk density of 1. 30 g cm-3). Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber and lasted for 21 to 42 days. Carbon partitioning in the plant-soil system was evaluated using 14C pulse-labeling techniques. The increase in soil bulk density decreased carbon assimilation rate and total carbon fixation. Furthermore, soil compaction delayed leaf appearance rate decreasing therefore plant height, shoot dry weight, and leaf area. In addition, root biomass and root elongation were also inferior when plants were grown in compacted soil and root length appeared to be the most sensible parameter to high soil mechanical resistance. Simultaneously, a great increase in carbon input into the soil occurred to the detriment of root carbon. Soil microbial biomass increased considerably in compacted soil thanks to this increase in carbon substrates and to physical protection provided for soil microflora as a result of the reduced porosity in compacted soil. Three hypotheses were formulated to explain these results: 1- a decrease in soil or root water potential or a sink limitation induces a down-regulation of photosynthetic activity, 2- the increase in root diameter decreases soil mechanical resistance, and 3- the increase in carbon rhizodeposition alleviates the effects of mechanical constraint. The effects of soil compaction persisted with plant age although the difference between the two treatments decreased in terms of percentage
Fuad, Hassan Avan. "Analyse de la croissance des soies de plantes de maïs soumises à des déficits hydriques édaphiques et atmosphériques". Montpellier, ENSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0028.
Pełny tekst źródłaDalie, Doguiet Koffi Denis. "Biocontrôle des moisissures du genre Fusarium productrices de fumonisines par sélection de bactéries lactiques autochtones de maïs". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13973/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFusarium spp. are generally mycotoxinogenic moulds responsible for a major disease on maize spikes. Production of mycotoxins such as fumonisins by some of these species is a threat for the consumers. As no chemical resources are available for preventing the risk of occurrence, one of the promising ways to limit the toxin accumulation is the use of microbial antagonism. The main goal of this doctoral project was to investigate the ability of maize autochthonous lactic bacteria to control the development of Fusarium verticillioides and proliferatum, the two main species producing fumonisins. Lactic bacteria isolated from different tissues of the plant have been screened in order to evaluate their “anti-Fusarium” activity. Among the 67 isolated strains, the L006 strain characterised as Pediococcus pentosaceus by phenotypic and molecular methods was particularly highly active. Anti-Fusarium metabolites produced by P. pentosaceus (L006) are secondary metabolites which probably act in synergy with lactic acid. The production of these entities in MRS medium is optimal in shaken cultures at 200 rpm, at pH 5.5 with a temperature of 30°C during 120 h. Study of the effects of these metabolites on the fumonisins production in liquid medium showed a stimulation in particular conditions such as co-inoculation of the Fusarium strain together with the lactic bacteria or inoculation in a three days old bacterial culture. However, this study demonstrated that these entities generally significantly inhibited the toxin accumulation when cultivated as well as in liquid medium or on maize grains. Studying the reduction of fumonisin B1 reduction in acidified liquid medium showed that P. pentosaceus (L006) was able to adsorb 75% of this toxin. These results open new perspectives for biocontrol of Fusarium spp. using the P. pentosaceus L006 strain to prevent contamination of maize and derived products by fumonisins
Moreno-Ortega, Beatriz. "Instabilité développementale chez les racines latérales du maïs : une analyse multi-échelle". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0022/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the perspective of a second Green Revolution, aiming, unlike the first one, to enhance yields of crops in a low fertility context, the strategies used by plants for an optimal uptake of soil nutrients are at the core of the problem. To solve it and identify ideal breeds among the genetic diversity of crops, plant root systems, their development and their architecture, are called upon to play the leading role. The variability among secondary roots appears as a crucial feature for the optimality of soil exploration and acquisition of mobile and immobile resources, but this phenomenon remains poorly understood. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the lateral roots of maize (Zea mays L.) and attempts to unravel the processes at the origin of intrinsic variations in lateral root development. It relies notably on the phenotyping of individual lateral roots at an unprecedented scale, tracking the daily growth of thousands of them at a high spatial resolution, in order to characterize precisely the spatio-temporal variations existing both between and within root individuals. Individual growth rate profiles were analyzed with a statistical model that identified three main temporal trends in growth rates leading to the definition of three lateral root classes with contrasted growth rates and growth duration. Differences in lateral root diameter at root emergence (originating at the primordium stage) were likely to condition the followed growth trend but did not seem enough to entirely determine lateral root fate. Lastly, these lateral root classes were randomly distributed along the primary root, suggesting that there is no local inhibition or stimulation between neighbouring lateral roots. In order to explain the origin of the observed differences in growth behaviour, we complemented our study with a multi-scale characterization of groups of lateral roots with contrasted growth at a cellular, anatomical and molecular level. A particular focus is set on the analysis of cell length profiles in lateral root apices for which we introduced a segmentation model to identify developmental zones. Using this method, we evidenced strong modulations in the length of the division and elongation zones that could be closely related to variations in lateral root growth. The regulatory role of auxin on the balance between cellular proliferation and elongation processes is demonstrated through the analysis of mutant lines. Ultimately, variations in lateral root growth are traced back to the allocation of carbon assimilates and the transport capacity of the root, suggesting that a feedback control loop mechanism could play a determinant role in the setting out of contrasted lateral root growth trends
Laberche, Jean-Claude. "Action biochimique et physico-chimique de polyamines exogènes sur la croissance et le développement des végétaux : cas de la pomme de terre(Solanum tuberosum L. var. Spunta) et du maïs (Zea mays L. var. INRA 400)". Perpignan, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PERP0060.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouchabke, Oumaya. "Rôle de la pression de turgescence dans la réponse de la croissance foliaire du maïs aux déficits hydriques édaphiques et atmosphériques : analyse comparée chez cinq génotypes". Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaize leaf elongation rate is affected by soil water deficit and high evaporative demand with a high genetic variability in these responses. The first aspect of this work showed, that in a cultivated hybrid, turgor measured directly in growing tissues varied like leaf elongation rate with water deficit. The second aspect extended to five inbred lines, showed contrasting responses of turgor to water deficit which can explain, to a large extent, the genetic differences in the response of leaf elongation rate. Globally, these results support a major role of turgor in the response of leaf elongation rate to evaporative demand, and challenge an exclusive control of growth responses to water deficits by the onlymodification of wall rheologic properties
Martineau, Elsa. "Rôle joué par le potassium dans la réponse au déficit hydrique du maïs (Zea mays L.) : des mécanismes physiologiques au fonctionnement intégré du peuplement". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0286/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPotassium (K) is a major nutrient known to help plants resist drought. In the context of climate change,quantifying the role of K on maize physiological acclimation to reduced precipitations is essential to betterpredict future productivity. Maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown under controlled or field conditions weresubmitted to different K and water levels. Plant growth (shoot and root biomass, grain yield) as well as plantwater status (transpiration, stomatal conductance, water potential) and ecophysiological mechanisms of Carbonmetabolism (photosynthesis, sugar transport) were studied. Regardless of the water regime and experimentalconditions, K nutrition increased growth and whole-plant development and improved grain yield. The effect ofwater stress on stomatal regulation was not straightforward and depended on the level of K fertilization. Theeffects of water or K deficit tend to decrease photosynthesis. Drought or K nutrition affected more leafphotosynthesis in old than in young leaves, and sugar transport did not seem to be a growth limiting factor. Ourresults demonstrated a strong effect of K on biomass production and a higher water use efficiency with less of animpact on leaf-level physiology. This better water use was mainly the consequence of the positive effect of leafarea on yield, and not due to a reduce water use
Courtade, Anne. "Étude des interactions plante / micro-organismes dans le modèle maïs - Pseudomonas fluorescens M. 3. 1. - Fusarium roseum". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL022N.
Pełny tekst źródłaKang, Fenni. "Modèles de croissance de plantes et méthodologies adaptées à leur paramétrisation pour l'analyse des phénotypes". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECAP0035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlant growth models aim at describing the interaction between the growth of plants and their environment. Ideally, model parameters are designed to be stable for a wide range of environmental conditions, and thus to allow characterizing genotypes. They offer new tools to analyze the genotype X environment interaction and they open new perspectives in the process of genetic improvement. Nevertheless, the construction of these models and their parameterization remain a challenge, in particular because of the cost of experimental data collection. In this context, the first contribution of this thesis concerns the study of plant growth models. For sunower (Helianthus annuus L.), the model SUNFLO [Lecoeur et al., 2011] is considered. It simulates the plant phenology, morphogenesis and photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. An extension of this model is proposed: this new SUNLAB model adapts into SUNFLO a module of biomass allocation to organs, using the source-sink concepts inspired by the GREENLAB model [De Reffye and Hu, 2003]. For maize (Zea mays L.), the CORNFLO model, based on the same principles as SUNFLO, was also studied. These models helps discriminating genotypes and analyzing their performances. On the other hand, in order to parameterize these models, an original methodology is designed, adapted to the context of plant variety improvement by breeders. The MSPE methodology (\multi-scenario parameter estimation") uses a limited number of experimental traits but in a large number of environmental configurations for the parameter estimation by model inversion. Issues including identifiability, sensitivity analysis, and the choice of optimization methods are discussed. The influences of environmental scenarios amount on the model predictive ability and on estimation error are also studied. Finally, it is demonstrated that selecting scenarios in different environmental classes (obtained by data clustering methods) allows to optimize the multi-scenario parameter estimation performances, by reducing the required number of scenarios
Djiemon, Deuga Anicet, i Deuga Anicet Djiemon. "Les forêts d'arbres décisionnels et la régression linéaire pour étudier les effets du sous-solage et des drains agricoles sur la hauteur des plants de maïs et les nappes d'eau dans un sol à perméabilité réduite". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34905.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes travaux de sous-solage qui améliorent le drainage interne et décompactent des horizons rendus pratiquement imperméables par la compaction profonde seraient bénéfiques aux sols de faible perméabilité. Le sous-solage profond exécuté perpendiculairement aux drains avec un bélier (bulldozer) pourrait être plus efficace pour temporairement améliorer le drainage de ces sols qu’une sous-soleuse conventionnelle attelée à un tracteur et opérée en mode parallèle aux drains. Toutefois, les aménagements réalisés pour améliorer le drainage de surface et interne de ces sols rendent complexe l’évaluation de ces pratiques en dispositif expérimental. L’objectif principal de ce projet était de comparer les forêts d’arbres décisionnelles (FAD) à la régression linéaire multiple (RLM) pour détecter les effets du sous-solage et des systèmes de drainage souterrain et de surface sur la hauteur des plants et la profondeur moyenne de la nappe durant la saison de croissance. Un essai de sous solage a été réalisé à l’automne 2014, dans une argilelimoneuse Kamouraska naturellement mal drainée, remodelée en planches arrondies et souffrant de compaction importante. L’essai comparait un témoin sans sous-solage à quatre traitements de sous-solage, soit une sous-soleuse sur bélier ou sur tracteur, opérées parallèlement ou perpendiculairement aux drains. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois et disposé aléatoirement en autant de blocs. Au printemps 2016, 198 puits ont été creusés à 60 cm de profondeur pour enregistrer la profondeur de la nappe sous chaque traitement entre juin et juillet 2016. La photogrammétrie a été utilisée pour estimer la hauteur des plants de maïs. Les FAD et la RLM permettent de détecter les principaux facteurs affectant la hauteur des plants de maïs et la profondeur moyenne de la nappe, soit les aménagements antérieurs pour améliorer le drainage interne et le drainage de surface des sols. Les coefficients de détermination obtenus avec les FAD (R2 ≥ 0,94) étaient toutefois plus élevés que ceux obtenus avec la RLM (R2 ≥ 0,28). Aucun traitement de sous-solage n’a amélioré significativement le drainage interne ni la hauteur des plants de maïs par rapport au témoin sans sous-solage. Les FAD permettent en outre de mieux visualiser les relations non linéaires entre les variables prédites et les autres variables, notamment la position sur la planche et la distance aux drains souterrains, et finalement de déterminer les distances aux drains souterrains optimales (< 2 m) et critiques (> 4 m), la distance optimale à la raie de curage (> 8 m) et la profondeur moyenne critique de la nappe (< 0,25 m). Les FAD permettent ainsi de prédire la hauteur des plants de maïs et la profondeur moyenne de la nappe avec une plus grande précision qu’avec la RLM.
Papin, Marine. "Efficiency and impact of recurrent microbial inoculation in soil, a lab to field assessment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK051.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the urgent need to adopt more sustainable practices that sustain agricultural production while protecting the environment, microbial inoculants are gaining increasing attention for their potential to reduce reliance on agrochemicals. However, despite decades of research, the benefits of soil microbial inoculants for crop yields remain highly variable across different soils, climates, plant genotypes, and inoculant strains. This variability makes outcomes difficult to predict and may ultimately reduce farmers’ confidence. This work explores the potential of recurrent inoculations as a strategy to overcome the biotic resistance of the resident soil microbial community and promote inoculant establishment. It also examines the effects of these inoculations on the resident microbial community. In a first microcosm experiment, we showed that recurrent inoculation could transiently improve the abundance of the inoculant (Pseudomonas fluorescens) with minimal impact on the resident bacterial community. A second experiment in greenhouse evidenced the unexpected potential of recurrent inoculation carried out until sowing to enhance maize growth while exerting a weaker impact on the bacterial resident community compared to recurrent inoculation starting at sowing. The third experiment conducted under field conditions reflected the challenges of translating the growth benefits observed in controlled environments to uncontrolled field conditions. Overall, this work suggests that both the timing and frequency of inoculation should be adjusted in a complementary way. Specifically, recurrent inoculation may transiently enhance the abundance of the inoculant during the critical early stages of plant growth. This may either promote successful host colonization when an adequate dose is applied, or indirectly influence the soil microbial community at sowing
Vacheron, Jordan. "Sélection des rhizobactéries phytostimulatrices par la plante : impact sur la distribution des propriétés phytobénéfiques chez les Pseudomonas fluorescents". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10289/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlants are constantly interacting with a huge diversity of microorganisms, especially in the rhizosphere, where plant roots (through rhizodeposition) will select particular bacterial populations. Some bacteria, called PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria), are able, in turn, to improve plant growth and health, through the expression of a wide range of plantbeneficial properties. The current hypothesis is that PGPR harboring a maximum number of these plant-beneficial properties would provide a better effect on plant. However, the occurrence of these multi-trait PGPR in the rhizosphere is unknown. In addition, the interaction between co-occurring plant-beneficial properties within the same PGPR and their resulting effects on plant are poorly documented. In this context, the aims of this thesis were to (i) determine the distribution of plant-beneficial properties in the fluorescent Pseudomonas bacterial group, known to harbor a wide range of these properties, and (ii) to evaluate in the PGPR model strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, if a crosstalk between plant-beneficial properties occurs and to determine the relative contribution of each co-occurring plantbeneficial properties. The study of 700 Pseudomonas isolates from the rhizosphere of two maize cultivars and from non-rhizosphere soils shows that cultivars mostly select fluorescent Pseudomonas (i) displaying few plant-beneficial properties (up to 5 properties) and (ii) belonging to particular taxonomic subgroups. Furthermore, the comparative genomic study we conducted within the fluorescent Pseudomonas group emphasizes the link between phylogeny and plant-beneficial profiles owned by Pseudomonas. Finally, in P. fluorescens F113, co-occurring plant-beneficial properties do not contribute equally to the observed effects on plant. The existence of crosstalks between these co-occurring plant-beneficial properties was also highlighted. This network of functional interactions may lead to specific effects on plant. These results are important for understanding the place and role of multi-trait PGPR in the rhizosphere. They help to deepen our understanding of the ecological functioning of fluorescent Pseudomonas among the rhizomicrobiote
Mollier, Alain. "Croissance racinaire du mais (zea mays l. ) sous deficience en phosphore. Etude experimentale et modelisation". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112046.
Pełny tekst źródłaWalker, Vincent. "Impact de l’inoculation de micro-organismes phytobénéfiques sur le métabolisme secondaire de Zea mays L". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10188/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn environment, plant performed some interactions with soil microorganisms. From these interactions, associative symbiosis involving PGPR bacteria (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) can be considerate. Impact of phytobenefic microorganisms (Azospirillum, Pseudomonas…) leading to associatives interactions, on host plant metabolisms, still poorly understood. Zea mays L. was choose as study model because it can enter in various associatives symbiosis with Plant growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. To study effects of these microorganisms on maize, two approaches were developed thanks to metabolite profiling tools to (i) determine the impact of a single microorganism inoculation on host plant roots and shoots secondary metabolisms and (ii) evaluate physiological effect of microbial consortia including Azospirillum, Pseudomonas and Glomus species. Results of this work showed the major place of benzoxazinoids compounds (benzoxazolinone and benzoxazinone) in plant/microbe interaction and their synthesis modulation induced by inocula. Besides, our works brings to light that the metabolic answer of the plant to the interaction with microorganisms is dependent on species and bacterial strain suggesting a recognition phenomenon between both organisms
Goger-Le, Borgne Evelyne. "Quarante ans de politique d'aménagement et de développement des agglomérations : l'agglomération du Mans entre politiques globales et politiques locales". Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA3003.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of a town like Le Mans must be approached from its metropolitan area through the analysis of the planning of twenty-five communes included in the guiding scheme(schema directeur). This metropolitan area planning comes within development and planning policies defined at national or European level and cannot be dissociated from the housing policy directly enclosed in town planning documents (S. D. , P. O. S. ). The laws of decentralization of 1982-1983 give more power to local responsibles. In this context, the study of S. D. Is considered to analyse the relations of the communes with the central-town in order to make the purposes of town planning documents clear as far as the S. D. Area is concerned and their translation at local administration level concerning the P. O. S. , without forgetting the cental town and is procedures through its own choices but also on a level shared by several communes. How does the central-town polarize the area ? Does it possess a strategy shared by several communes at C. U. M. Level ? How do other cornmunes outside the C. U. M. Conceive their own planning ? Lastly, the town planning through the legal procedures determine the methods of plannings and the spatial growth of urban areas, especially through the Z. U. P. And the Z. A. C. Which allow to structure or restructure an urban area
NGUYEN-QUOC, BINH. "Les saccharoses synthases de mais et la regulation de leur expression dans la feuille en croissance". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112279.
Pełny tekst źródłaDupuy, Joan. "Interactions entre les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et les plantes supérieures : prélèvement et réponses toxiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0299/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Europe and France, the end of industrial activities associated to coal exploitation left numerous wastelands contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Rhizodegradation enables their remediation by using plants associated with microflora. However, the efficiency of this technique, demonstrated at the laboratory scale, is often limited in situ by high plant mortality or inhibited growth. Furthermore, the PAH uptake in plants may threaten the food chain. This work studied the interactions between maize, chosen as model plant, and PAH from industrial contaminated soils or from simplified model systems, i.e. sand spiked with phenanthrene. PAH uptake and their effect on the plant physiology were assessed using systems of increasing complexity, to solve questions raised at different scales, from the cell to the whole plant. Mechanisms involved in PAH uptake and translocation are proposed and the toxic responses of the plant are detailed. Results lead to a new hypothesis: PAH from the solid phase penetrate the roots by physical and direct contact and not only through uptake in pore water. Main arguments are: similar molecular distributions in soils and roots, low correlations between PAH concentrations in pore water and roots and overprediction of bioaccumulation by using predicting models based on root absorption in soil solution. Localization of PHE in roots using microscopic tools showed early suberisation of endoderm and exoderm in presence of PHE, even at low concentration (50 mg kg-1). Nutrient uptake seemed not affected but large elements accumulations and depletion were observed in aerial part of maize. These nutritional disruptions may affect plant functioning and consequently, decrease its growth or even cause its death
AHMAD, NURIE AHMAD. "Contribution a l'etude de la croissance et de la toxinogenese du genre fusarium (link) sur mais apres recolte". Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT2036.
Pełny tekst źródłaDadi, Hala. "Analyse par spectrométrie de masse des tubulines et de l'hormone de croissance". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS582.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe tubulins are proteins involved in cellular processes that are essential for cell life. The tubulins are polymodified at their C-terminal extremities. Different techniques have been used to characterize the polymodifications of tubulins. However, some challenges remain in the fine identification of some structures. In fact, mass spectrometry ion mobility can separate ions of the same m/z ratio depending on their conformations. In the first part of this thesis, an ion mobility mass spectrometry analysis allowed the separation of two synthetic peptides that mimic the structure of C-terminal peptides of biglycylated α-tubulins. In order to extrapolate this type of experiment to the C-terminal peptides purified from biological tubulins, we employed an analytical process to analyze these peptides from purified brain tubulins. Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone and a doping agent used by athletes. The availability of rhGH in the black-market has continuously increased because of doping in sports. The natural and the biosynthetic hGH have identical peptidic sequences. So far, the valid hGH anti-doping tests by the world antidoping agency are based on immunological recognition. However, Immunoassays have their own limitations. Therefore, the next generation analysis of GH has to be more specific and accurate. In the second part of this thesis, mass spectrometry coupled to reversed phase chromatography was used to find chemical differences between the pituitary hGH and the rhGH. The pituitary extracted hGH is glycosylated whereas the biotech product is sugar free. The present work represents an opening towards a novel methodology for a novel hGH anti-doping test
Laridon, Yannick. "Modélisation et visualisation d'une croissance de bulle dans un milieu viscoélastique évolutif et hétérogène". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S091/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this PhD thesis was to characterise, model and rank the mechanisms involved in the growth of bubbles in semi-hard cheeses, at the bubble scale. Three steps were considered. First, a mechanical characterisation of the material enabled to define a rheological model to describe the behaviour of the material (generalised Maxwell model), and to set-up a method to determine the model parameters by fitting of compression-relaxation data. Secondly, the Maxwell model consisted in setting up an experimental validation procedure allowing studying different loads on a single bubble surrounded by a cheese cylinder. Experiments were monitored in real-time in a non-invasive manner by MRI imaging and were compared to simulations reproducing the experimental conditions. Finally, mass transport (CO2) was also taken into account in the model. Simulation results were first compared to the average bubble growth in cheese blocks, and then a dedicated experimental set-up similar to that used previously was used. Mechanical characterisation of semi-hard cheese showed the rheological properties did not evolve during ripening, but presented a steep spatial gradient. Despite its simplicity, the Maxwell model showed good agreement with the experimental results. A sensitivity study demonstrated that the highest relaxation time (about several hours) and the bubble position were the most influent parameters over bubble growth, when only the mechanical model was involved. Coupling between mass and momentum transport in a single bubble case demonstrated the great influence of the mass transport parameters on bubble growth, especially diffusivity and CO2 production rate. In the case where two gaseous cavities are involved, geometric parameters (cavities positions, dimensions and shape) proved to be as important as the mass transport parameters on the bubble growth
Harena, Tchamse. "Essai de validation et perspectives d'application en agrometeorologie d'un modele de simulation de la croissance et du developpement du mais : ceres-maize". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF2D214.
Pełny tekst źródłaCapel, Mathieu. "Dans les coupures du monde – Cinéastes japonais face à la Haute croissance 1956-1973". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030087.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe years 1960s stand as a time of upheaval in the history of Japanese cinema. A new generation of filmmakers arises, marking its difference from the so-called “great masters” of the 1930s and 1950s. The platforms of movie production diversify, while the great studios lose their domination upon the leisure industry. It is time for sexual freedom, political protests, civil movements against industrial pollution: a climate suitable for audacity and bold behaviors one can notice thoughout the cinematographic world, thanks to various "scandals". Yet that new and boisterous youth shall not be considered as a mere demographic change, whatever may pretend filmmakers such as Nakahira Kô and other upholders of the so-called "Taiyôzoku" at the end of the 1950s. Indeed, for the likes of Oshima Nagisa, Yoshida Kijû and Matsumoto Toshio, that renewal relies on the contrary on a new definition of filmmaking as a way to "enact" the world: thus would it rather be a matter of weltanschauung. Such a transition is obvious when compared to postwar films: for instance, Imai, Naruse or Kurosawa develop specific aesthetic patterns what draw a world of entropy, undermined by anguish. Yet the access to prosperity at the turn of the 1960s, as celebrated by 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, seems to dissipate such feelings, leading the young generation of filmmakers toward other aesthetic options, able to give account of the new society of mass consumption
BOSSIS, EMMANUEL. "Les pseudomonas fluorescents de la rhizosphere : etude taxonomique et effets sur la croissance de la tomate et du mais, de la germination a la levee". Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2062.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndrajith, Suvasthika. "Croissance moléculaire induite dans les agrégats d'hydrocarbures linéaires par la collision avec des ions et des électrons". Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC201.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work presented in this thesis concerns the experimental study in gas phase of the collisions between low energy ionizing particles and weakly bonded, neutral clusters of linear hydrocarbons. The purpose of these experiments was to analyze the processes subsequent to the energy and charge transfers during the collision, which are the fragmentation and molecular growth via the formation of covalently bonded molecules forming these clusters. The experimental work in this manuscript has shed light on the respective roles of electronic ionization and the nuclear and electronic stopping powers of projectiles on growth mecanisms within the clusters. To this end, the studies were carried out with low energy ion beams (keV) supplied by GANIL (Caen), which represents the majority of the results presented here, and experiments using electrons were also carried out at the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Chemistry - Physics (Prague, Czech Republic)
El, Ghani Nouhayla. "Modélisation expérimentale du transfert de masse en croissance cristalline par des méthodes électrochimiques en présence d'ultrasons". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI037.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcoustic streaming presents a promising stirring technology in order to improve photovoltaic silicon purification during the solidification process. In the present study, we focus on the characterization of the efficiency of acoustic stirring to enhance segregation phenomena. We present an original experimental approach based on water demonstrators of the phenomena occuring during solidification. This approach is based on an analogy between on the one side the solute diffusion of impurities through the boundary layer, near the solidification front during the crystal growth process in solidification furnaces, and on the other side the diffusion of ions in an electrochemical cell on the surface of the electrode. We used analytical electrochemistry methods (polarography) to accurately characterize the solute boundary layer in the vicinity of the electrodes. Furthermore, we report the evolution of mass transfer in the presence of an impacting jet generated by a continuous acoustic source within the fluid. The consistency of the experimental results with hydrodynamic simulations was also examined. In order to extend the results obtained in water to other fluids, notably metals in the liquid phase, we present, in the last part of this manuscript, the different parameters allowing a complete description of the experiment for a particular fluid : geometry, acoustics and hydrodynamics parameters. We will then present the particular case of an experimental device using galinstan
Nozière, Pierre. "Etude des relations entre activité des glycosidases de la population microbienne adhérant aux particules et la dégradation ruminale des constituants glucidiques alimentaires : effet d'un apport croissant d'orge dans la ration". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30073.
Pełny tekst źródłaNguyen, Thi Phuong Nhung. "Fabrication of Nanostructured Silicon Substrates for the Development of Superomniphobic Surfaces and Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Biomolecules". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10065/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work concerns the fabrication of micro/nanostructured silicon substrates and their application as non-wetting surfaces, and analytical tools for biomolecules’ analysis and in microfluidic devices. Two different techniques were investigated for the formation of nanostructured silicon substrates: chemical wet etching via metal-assisted electroless etching (Top-down approach) and nanowire growth by « Chemical Vapor Deposition » via Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism (Bottom-up approach). Different structured surface morphologies were then obtained. These were either simple structured such as: Micro or Nanoscale, or double structured such as: Micro-Nano or Nano-Nanoscale. The first part of the thesis deals with the preparation of superominiphobic surfaces capable of repelling almost any liquid. The surfaces consisting of double structured substrates gave the best non-wetting properties. Secondly, nanostructured silicon substrates were used as inorganic matrices for the detection of small molecules without using an organic matrix in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Herein, we investigated the influence of surface morphology, doping type and chemical termination on mass spectrometry analysis of a standard peptide mixture. Finally, functionalized silicon nanowires surfaces with a specific ligand were used to perform peptide enrichment and its subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry from a mixture solution
Meddeb, Line. "Méthodes de suivi de la santé des enfants nés après fécondation In Vitro : mise en place d'une cohorte monocentrique et évaluation de la croissance anthropométrique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5075.
Pełny tekst źródłaToday, at least 5 million children worldwide were born following the enrollment of their parents in ART program. Infertility treatments have changed significantly; most often these changes took place outside traditional experimental protocols. The most striking event was when IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was introduced in ART practices in 1995. The lack assessment of the health of children born after this technique remains the major weak in this discipline. We established a longitudinal monocentric follow-up study in Saint-Joseph Hospital (Marseille). The data were collected by asking parents to send copies of child health records and questionnaires filled out by them. This investigation is one of the few French studies involving a long-term follow- up to 5 years, in a large scale cohort. The study of BMI up to age 5 years didn’t show the suspected epigenetic influence of IVF reported in literature. Further investigations need to be conducted. It is important to build a coherent information system around the health of children born after IVF. The feasibility of collecting a series of data covering both maternal and conceptional environment, and child health indicators should be considered at the national level through the development of connection methods between different registers developed in France
Charpentier, Stanislas. "Du périurbain au périurbanisme : analyse des (bonnes et mauvaises) pratiques de lutte contre l'étalement urbain dans l'aire urbaine du Mans". Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3014.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuburbia is often criticized, especially because urban forms produced by urban sprawl and spatiophage multiforme. Since the laws Solidarity and Urban Renewal (2000) and Grenelle II (2010), the legislature has made the fight against urban sprawl a national priority. For the first time in France, the urban planning tools such as Plan Local d’Urbanisme (PLU) orSchémas de Cohérence Territoriale (SCoT) are "officially" in charge of the fight against the excessive consumption of agricultural land. Beyond the fight against urban sprawl is the question of the extent of the phenomenon. This thesis proposes to analyze urban morphology produced by the process of suburbanization from an original and reproduciblemethodology to other territories, based on remote sensing and photo interpretation and developed across the urban area Le Mans. This research uses two complementary approaches: spatial analysis - diachronic and multiscale - is used toquantify the phenomenon of urban sprawl; analysis of interviews with elected officials to compare the speech to urbanization practices identified through spatial analysis. Studies conducted at the municipal level show that the morphological delimitation of peri is a condition sine qua non to consider a recovery in hand urban space. As well as the accelerated evolution of the contemporary city gave birth to urban planning in the early twentieth century, we pose the hypothesis that the concept of périurbanisme might call the ordering of suburban necessary
Laberche, Jean-Claude. "Action biochimique et physico-chimique de polyamines exogènes sur la croissance et le développement des végétaux cas de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Spunta) et du maïs (Zea mays L. var. INRA 400) /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614829g.
Pełny tekst źródłaHezard, Pauline. "Modélisation de la croissance des plantes supérieures pour les systèmes de support-vie : conception d'un modèle global et simulation des transferts de masse et d'énergie à l'échelle de la plante". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22250/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor long-term manned space missions, it is necessary to develop efficient life support systems recycling air, water and food with a minimum supply of matter and energy. Air and water can be recycled from purely physico-chemical systems; however food requires se presence of living organisms. The Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) project of the European Space Agency includes higher plants grown in a closed and controlled chamber associated with other microbial compartments. The long-term control of the growth chamber and entire life support system requires efficient predictive models. The mass balance closure and the prediction in uncommon extraterrestrial environments highlight the importance of mechanistic models based on the mass and energy balances principles.An extensive bibliographic study has been performed in order to list and analyse the existing models of higher plant growth. Many models already exist, simulating most of the plant processes. However none of the global, structured models is sufficiently mechanistic and balanced in terms of matter exchange for an application in closed life support systems. Then a new structure is proposed in order to simulate all the terms of the mass balance at the plant level, including the different scales of study: general processes, organ scale and molecular scale. The results of the first approach using simple mechanistic physical laws for mass and energy exchange, a unique stoichiometry for biomass production and few empirical laws for the prediction of architectural parameters are illustrated and compared with experimental results obtained in a controlled environment. A mathematical analysis of the model is performed and all these results are discussed in order to propose further developments. This is described in detail for the implementation of more complex models of processes in the future model versions; the experiments that should be performed including the main measurements are proposed. This leads to the description of a new design of experimental growth chamber
Lucchetti, Aurélie. "Modélisation et conception d'un système de culture de microalgues". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicroalgae are more and more studied for their energy potential and various applications. However, the actual production processes (open and closed photobioreactor) use a lot of energy and aren't productive enough. This thesis presents a novel process of microalgae culture, with an airlift system coupled to a thin plate. The photobioreactor is experimentally characterized and modeled for many aspects. Hydrodynamics of the system is modeled to predict the fluid behavior in the system. Mass transfers are modeled using the two film model. The model allows knowing minimum carbon needs for microalgae culture. It also allows evaluating dissolved oxygen concentration in the photobioreactor and its elimination efficiency. Oxygen is inhibiting the culture at high concentration. Heat transfers are also modeled, allowing to know climate parameters impact (sunshine, ambient air temperature) on culture temperature. All models are assembled in a global model. This model is compared to microalgae culture experimental results. Finally, the global model is used to study a more complex system: culture thin plates are integrated on the walls of buildings. Global model allow studying different orientation effects on temperature and productivity of the system. Culture is optimized for energy consumption and some perspectives on energy integration of such a system are proposed
Faccinetto, Alessandro. "High sensitivity detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons desorbed from soot particles using Laser Desorption/Laser Ionisation/Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry : an approach for studying the soot growth process in flames". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10096/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are important precursors of carbonaceous soot particles, thus influence the quantity and morphology of particulate emission of combustion processes. Furthermore the PAH adsorbed on the surface of the soot particles contribute to the carcinogenicity of the particles, so there is scientific interest in characterising and quantifying those species to provide key information on the mechanism of soot formation and to understand their impact on environment and human health. An original setup based on the coupling of Laser Desorption, Laser Ionisation and Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry techniques has been dedicated to the analysis of PAH desorbed from soot. Briefly, soot is sampled from flames using an extractive vacuum probe and deposed on porous filters. The samples are irradiated with a 532 nm laser beam to promote the desorption of neutral molecules. The ejecta are then ionised with a 266 nm laser beam, and the positive ions produced this way are mass analysed in a TOF-MS. The complete characterisation of the desorption and ionisation process has been the first goal of this work. The acquired expertise allowed investigations on different flames in which the PAH have been identified and studied at different level of their formation. Particularly, relevant differences in the mass spectra have been detected in the soot inception region. A new method based on the deposition of soot on different substrates is proposed in order to distinguish the PAH belonging to the gas-phase during the sampling from those adsorbed on soot particles, hence the role of the heterogeneous reactions between gaseous PAH and soot particles has been highlighted
Shao, Qian. "Coupling fluid flow, heat and mass transfer with thermo-mechanical process : application to cracked solid oxide fuel cell". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the last few decades, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) has been a promising energy conversion device that has drawn a lot of attention due to its high energy conversion efficiency, fuel flexibility and low pollutant emission. However, as the high operating temperature leads to complex material problems in the SOFC, the energy conversion efficiency and life expectancy optimization remain as the challenging issues regarding the design and manufacturing of fuel cells. In this thesis, a numerical approach based on a combination of Finite Element (FEM) and eXtended Finite Element (XFEM) methods is developed to model the coupled fluid flow, heat and mass transfer as well as the electrochemical reactions with thermo-mechanical process in the SOFC unit. At first, to predict the temperature and species distribution within the porous electrodes of a SOFC unit, a Darcy-Brinkman (DB) model coupling the gas flow, heat and mass transport in porous media is developed. Then, the XFEM is introduced to deal with the presence of crack in the porous electrodes. The combined DB-XFEM model is used to investigate the effect of fluid flow, heat transfer, porous material properties and the material anisotropy on the onset of crack growth and the propagation path in the SOFC unit. At last, an electrochemistry (EC) model is developed and combined with the DB model to couple the electrochemical reactions to energy and mass transfer in the SOFC. With the DB-EC model, the cell energy conversion performances are studied
Le, Gall Ronan. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du phénomène de givrage dans les échangeurs de chaleur". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0064.
Pełny tekst źródłaCesbron, Noura. "Les SARMs (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators) : une nouvelle famille d'agents anabolisants. Etude des effets zootechniques associés et développement de stratégies analytiques visant la mise en évidence de leur utilisation chez le jeune bovin". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ONIR098F/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNew compounds with anabolic properties have recently become accessible via Internet-based suppliers: selective androgens receptor modulators (SARMs) currently developed for the treatment of chronic diseases with wasting muscle. Ostarine® (MK-2866, GTX-024, enobosarm), in particular, exerts its anabolic effects exclusively on the skeletal muscles and has no androgenic activity. Based on its mechanism of action and clinical preliminary results, this product could potentially be used as a growth promoter in cattle. In this context, the aims of this thesis are to validate tools allowing to describe the zootechnical effects that may be induced by an oral administration of enobosarm in calves and to develop analytical strategies dedicated to highlight its fraudulent use. Following a comparison between control animals and enobosarm treated animals, no morphological effect was visible and measurable in terms of growth and conformation. It was then demonstrated that enobosarm and its main phase II metabolites are eliminated in urine and feces at concentrations allowing their detection with analytical techniques using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling. Finally, a metabolomics approach on urine and fecal matrices led to the description of specific and discriminant fingerprints signaling the administration of enobosarm. This multidisciplinary research work helps to generate knowledge on a new class of anabolic substance and therefore contributes to guarantee a more chemically-safe food of animal origin to the consumer
Jordan, Marie-Odile. "Mise en place du systeme racinaire du mais : definition et caracterisation au champ et en conditions controlees des parametres descriptifs du systeme racinaire, construction de l'organigramme d'un modele cinetique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13329.
Pełny tekst źródłaBros, Manuela. "Fermentation de surface d’une viande pré-traitée par Déshydratation-Imprégnation par Immersion : étude cinétique sur aliment réel et milieu modèle". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe fabrication of shelf-stable cured meat products is based on the hurdle technology and on the coupling of unit-operations such as salting, drying, fermentation and smoking. In Northern countries, these processes whether traditional or industrialized, lead to end-products which are both shelf-stable and ready-to-eat. Meat spoilage is accelerated in tropical conditions or when the general hygiene is not controlled. In order to counteract it, traditional processes in these conditions use more drastic treatments leading to end-products which require an additional preparation step before being consumed (cooking, desalting).The general objective of this work is to propose an innovative process adapted to Southern countries and leading to a salted/dried/fermented meat product which is shelf-stable and ready-to-eat. The innovation consists in treating meat pieces by coupling a pre-stabilization by Dehydration-Impregnation by Soaking (DIS) with a controlled surface fermentation step. By means of a progressive experimental strategy associated with modelization, this thesis studies the DIS/surface fermentation coupling and determines which levers are available to optimize it.The answers comprised three parts. Firstly, a study on the real food product validated the coupling of DIS with a surface fermentation by Lactobacillus sakei. Secondly, a study on a model device showed the influence of relevant environmental factors (water activity, salt content, pH and lactic acid content) on the surface growth of L. sakei. Finally, a global model was built to analyze the coupling of mass transfers (water, salt, sugars, acid) between the surface and the core of the product, and the fermentative metabolism at the surface of the product.Keywords: meat products, Dehydration-Impregnation by Soaking, surface fermentation, , Lactobacillus sakei, growth kinetics, mass transfers
Roscher, Albrecht. "Étude du métabolisme énergétique végétal par RMN d'échange chimique du 31P : développement et application de la technique 2D EXSY". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10059.
Pełny tekst źródłaEmery, Justin. "La ville sous électrodes : de la mesure à l'évaluation de la pollution atmosphérique automobile. : vers une simulation multi-agents du trafic routier en milieu urbain". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL018/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBased on surveys, traffic is constructed from assumptions about the relationship between origins and destinations. In order to rebuild a road traffic wich would be closer to observation and on a wider set of road sections, it appears interesting to use counting data from urban sensors : this is our starting point of view. The insertion of these in-situ dataset in the road traffic measurement provides the opportunity to experience the potential of sensors to estimate Traffic Air Pollution (TAP) levels at the intraurban scale. However, this requires to change the nature of these estimation, here through the construction of a model of multi-agents simulation, in order to extract more information on the road traffic. More generally, this work can be seen as a a knowledge building approach on TAP emisssions which is discussed throughout this work. The implementation of the SCAUP (multi-agent simulation from Urban sensors for traffic air pollution) approach was developped in three stages: 1. Focusing on the quantification of road traffic devices through urban sensors; 2. Proposing a modeling approach for road traffic data simulation ; 3. Using as a reference the national framework used by AASQA to calculate RTA emissions. All is integrated within a technical matrix that forms the spine of the manuscript through three interrelated systems: quantification, modeling and evaluation. This work is part of an experimental approach dedicated to the calculation of TAP emissions based on traffic simulations. Sponsored by the ATMOSF’AIR BOURGOGNE local AASQA, this work could also be used in an operational mode for these organizations in charge of the air quality monitoring. At a time when the big data enters into new questions about the ability of researchers to extract knowledge, we propose a geographical approach that enables to replace the data in the center of an original road traffic simulation approach (data- driven)
Neubrand, Anne Catherine. "Convection naturelle et ségrégation en solidification Bridgman sous champ magnétique". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0104.
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