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Asphede, Gabriella, i Amanda Persson. "Digitalakundrelationer : Enfallstudieinomdensvenskabanksektorn". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-941.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: Digitalization is a current topic that is often observed in Swedish media.Through a focus on digital development, banks' customer relations nowadays have shiftedfrom physical interactions to be more of a digital relationship.Purpose: The study aims to deepen the discussion on digital customer relationships within theSwedish banking sector.Design/methodology/approach: The study has used an abductive approach to be able tocustomize theory after empiricism and vice versa. Using a qualitative method, empiricism wasgathered through semi-structured interviews. As a result of the purpose, a case study weredesigned. The intention was to deepen the understanding as to how the banks' customerrelationships have changed through the digital development. Ten interviews were carried out,in which all respondents were employees of one of Sweden's major banks.Findings: The study indicates that customer relationships have changed a lot during a shortperiod of time. Customers tend to more often interact in digital channels than visiting aphysical bank branch. Implementation of digital services has created several challenges forthe banks, mainly regarding security, availability, ease of use, and people in digital exclusion.However, digital channels have enabled the Bank to meet customers on a more regular basis,which according to the Bank itself creates a stronger and more stable relationship. However,turned up differeces between the study strategists and office workers, as they encounterdifferent types of customers in their everyday work.Originality/value: There is a lack of Swedish studies that discuss the topic of digitalizationwithin the Swedish banking sector. The essay therefore presents knowledge within thesubject, which can be used in further research.
Chen, Chien-Lin. "Conceptualising customer relationship management and its impact on customer lifetime value in the Taiwanese banking sector". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9878.
Pełny tekst źródłaRached, Paula Abi [UNESP]. "Dacriocistografia em cães com o emprego da ressonância magnética (DCG-RM) e da tomografia computadorizada (DCG-TC)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101131.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)
A dacriocistografia convencional (DCG) é a técnica de imagem mais utilizada para a avaliação do sistema lacrimal excretor. Recentemente, DCG por ressonância magnética (DCG-RM) e por tomografia computadorizada (DCG-TC) têm sido empregadas em pacientes humanos. No entanto, em cães, os relatos de investigações sobre estas técnicas são escassos. Os objetivos, com este estudo, foram: o desenvolvimento de protocolos de RM e TC; a comparação destas técnicas para avaliação do sistema lacrimal excretar; a avaliação biométrica do ducto nasolacrimal e a apresentação da utilidade de ferramentas de reconstrução tridimensional para a visibilização do sistema lacrimal excretor em cães. Material e Métodos: DCG-RM e DCG-CT foram realizadas bilateralmente em 32 cadáveres de cães. Após canulado, o canalículo superior foi preenchido com meio de contraste (contraste iodado puro e gadolinio 1:200, para CT e RM respectivamente). Imagens transversais e tridimensionais de TC foram obtidas utilizando-se cortes de 0,8mm e 2mm de espessura. O protocolo de RM incluiu as sequências T1W/3D/FFE, T1WfTSE e PDW/TSE. Em ambas as técnicas, foram testadas as orientações perpendicular e obliqua dos cortes. Os diâmetros transversais e longitidinais e o comprimento dos ductos nasolacrimais de 23 cães foram mensurados bilateralmente. Resultados: no exame de DCG-TC, todos os componentes foram visibilizados de modo satisfatório na grande maioria dos animais. O exame de DCG-RM apresentou tempo de varredura mais longo, obtendo-se melhores resultados com a seqüência T1W/3D/FFE. As médias dos diâmetros transversais para os grupos de peso corporal 1, 2 e 3 nas três regiões avaliadas variaram entre 1,07mm e 1,09mm. As médias dos diâmetros longitudinais para as classes 1, 2 e 3 nas três regiões...
Conventional radiographic cannulation dacryocystography is the most commonly used technique for evaluallon of the nasolacrimal system. Recently, MR-DCG and CT¬DCG have been extensively employed in humans patients. Systemafic investigations of these techniques in dogs are not frequently observed in medicai literature. The objectives of this study are: 1, development of MR-DCG and CT-DCG protocols and the comparison between these techniques for the evaluation of the nasolacrimal system in dogs and 2, biometric evaluation of the nasolacrimal duct and to test the usefulness of 3D reconstruction techniques for visualization of this system in dogs. Material and Methods: MR-DCG and CT-DCG were bilaterally performed in 32 cadavers of dogs. The superior lacrimal canaliculi was canulated and contrast media injected (Imerone and Omniscan® 1:200, for CT and MR respectively). CT transverse and 3D images were obtained using 0.8 to 2mm-thick slices. MR protocol included transverse images obtained by T1W/3D/FFE, T1WfTSE and PDW/TSE sequences. For both techniques, two sfice orientations were tested: perpendicular and oblique to the hard palate. Transverse and longitudinal diameters and total length of the nasolacrimal ducts of 23 dogs were bilaterally obtained. Results: in CT scans, ali the structures could be well visualized in great majority of the dogs. MR images required longer scan time. Sequence T1W/3D/FFE offered beber results when compared to PDWTTSE and T1WTTSE. The mean longitudinal diameter of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 in ali regions ranged between 1,07mm e 1,09mm. The mean transversal diameter of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 in ali regions ranged between 1,34mm e 3,31 mm. The mean length of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 were respecfively 70mm, 93,55mm... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Rached, Paula Abi. "Dacriocistografia em cães com o emprego da ressonância magnética (DCG-RM) e da tomografia computadorizada (DCG-TC) /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101131.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract: Conventional radiographic cannulation dacryocystography is the most commonly used technique for evaluallon of the nasolacrimal system. Recently, MR-DCG and CT¬DCG have been extensively employed in humans patients. Systemafic investigations of these techniques in dogs are not frequently observed in medicai literature. The objectives of this study are: 1, development of MR-DCG and CT-DCG protocols and the comparison between these techniques for the evaluation of the nasolacrimal system in dogs and 2, biometric evaluation of the nasolacrimal duct and to test the usefulness of 3D reconstruction techniques for visualization of this system in dogs. Material and Methods: MR-DCG and CT-DCG were bilaterally performed in 32 cadavers of dogs. The superior lacrimal canaliculi was canulated and contrast media injected (Imerone and Omniscan® 1:200, for CT and MR respectively). CT transverse and 3D images were obtained using 0.8 to 2mm-thick slices. MR protocol included transverse images obtained by T1W/3D/FFE, T1WfTSE and PDW/TSE sequences. For both techniques, two sfice orientations were tested: perpendicular and oblique to the hard palate. Transverse and longitudinal diameters and total length of the nasolacrimal ducts of 23 dogs were bilaterally obtained. Results: in CT scans, ali the structures could be well visualized in great majority of the dogs. MR images required longer scan time. Sequence T1W/3D/FFE offered beber results when compared to PDWTTSE and T1WTTSE. The mean longitudinal diameter of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 in ali regions ranged between 1,07mm e 1,09mm. The mean transversal diameter of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 in ali regions ranged between 1,34mm e 3,31 mm. The mean length of the nasolacrimal duct in weight classes 1, 2 and 3 were respecfively 70mm, 93,55mm... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Julio Carlos Canola
Coorientador: Eberhard Ludewig
Banca: Naida Cristina Borges
Banca: Fernando De Biasi
Banca: Marcia Rita Fernandes Machado
Banca: José Luiz Laus
Doutor
Júnior, Antenor Tavares de Sá. "Alterações de difusão e perfusão cerebral por RM em angioplastia carotídea com \"stent\" sob proteção cerebral por filtros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-22022010-171639/.
Pełny tekst źródłaINTRODUCTION: Carotid angioplasty with stent (CAS) under cerebral protection is a therapeutic option in patients with carotid stenosis. There is a risk of embolism even with a filter, and changes in cerebral perfusion after treatment are not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in diffusion- (DWI) and perfusion- (PWI) weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences correlating them with the technical aspects of CAS, stenosis characteristics and patient demographic data. METHODS: Thirty-six carotid stenosis patients with an mean age of 72.08 years were submitted to MRI exam one day before and up to 72 hours after CAS with filter protection. All patients were asymptomatic after CAS. Areas of restriction on DWI were correlated to demographic aspects, technique of angioplasty as well the presence of previous stroke by MRI. The parameters, CBV - cerebral blood volume; MTT - mean transit time, and TTP- time to peak, are used for PWI analysis. RESULTS: Eighteen of the 36 patients (50.00%) presented new focus (NF) of restriction by DWI after CAS. All new focus were clinically silent. The NF were located in the cerebral area fed by the carotid artery submitted to CAS in 77.19% and smaller than 10mm in 91.53%. NF in cerebral area not irrigated by carotid artery submitted by angioplasty correspond to 22,81 %. The presence of previous ischemic lesion on MRI was the only factor which influenced the appearance of NF (p=0.037). Demographic factors and aspects related to angioplasty technique had no importance on NF genesis. Improvement in PWI timing parameters - TTP (p<0.001) and MTT (p=0.019) were observed in relation to the contralateral territory (normalized data). CONCLUSION: The restriction NF in the DWI after CAS are more common in the ipsilateral territory (77.19%), however there were some NF in the contralateral territory to the CAS (22.81%), possibly associated with diagnostic catheterization. Most of the NF were small in diameter (<10mm in 91.53%). Short-term improvement in PWI were demonstrated by normalized timing parameters (TTP and MTT).
Rêgo, Juliana Jannuzzi Duclos do. "Caracterização da distribuição de alelos de loci STR do cromossomo Y com elevada taxa de mutação em uma amostra populacional do Rio de Janeiro". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9453.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarcadores genéticos presentes no cromossomo Y, como os microssatélites (Y-STRs) e polimorfismos de único nucleotídeo (Y-SNPs) são utilizados na caracterização de linhagens masculinas, visto que são transmitidos às gerações seguintes sem alterações, a menos que ocorram mutações (Singh et al., 2011; Mitchell & Hammer, 1996; Butler, 2009). Por isso, esses marcadores são amplamente empregados em diversas situações, destacando-se o uso constante dos Y-STRs na genética forense por apresentarem alta capacidade de discriminar linhagens. Recentemente, foram descritos 13 marcadores com taxas de mutação substancialmente superiores àquelas verificadas para loci STR do cromossomo Y, denominados Rapidly Mutating (RM) Y-STRs (Ballantyne et al., 2010; Kayser et al., 2012). Devido às taxas de mutação elevadas, os RM-YSTRs apresentam maior eficiência na discriminação entre indivíduos proximamente relacionados, pertencentes à mesma linhagem patrilínea. O presente trabalho buscou aprofundar o conhecimento acerca das características populacionais e mutacionais dos loci RM-YSTRs em amostra do Rio de Janeiro, contribuindo com estudos desta natureza na população brasileira. Realizou-se a análise de 13 loci do cromossomo Y em 258 indivíduos do sexo masculino, compondo 129 pares de pais e filhos, nascidos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O DNA das amostras foi extraído, conforme os protocolos vigentes na rotina do LDD-UERJ. As sequências genéticas de interesse foram amplificadas pela técnica de reação em cadeira da polimerase (PCR) através da realização de três PCR multiplex, cujos produtos de amplificação foram separados por eletroforese em sequenciador automático ABI-3500 (Applied Biosystems). Para os pares pai/filho que apresentaram haplótipos mutados, empregou-se a técnica de sequenciamento para confirmação das mutações. Os loci RM-YSTR geraram um poder de discriminação de 1,0 na amostra analisada, o que significa que todos os 129 indivíduos da amostra populacional apresentaram haplótipos diferentes para tais marcadores, com frequências de 0,0077 e diversidade haplotípica igual a 1. Além disso, foram obtidos valores elevados de diversidade gênica para os 13 marcadores. A análise de distância genética e os resultados de AMOVA baseados nos valores de Fst demonstraram que os RM-YSTR não indicam subdivisão populacional e traços ancestrais comuns. Tais valores estão associados às elevadas taxas de mutação encontradas, cuja média foi de 2,11 x 10-2. Foi possível observar que os loci RM-YSTR são muito discriminativos na amostra miscigenada analisada, além de terem maior capacidade de diferenciar indivíduos do que outros conjuntos de marcadores normalmente usados em estudos populacionais e análises forenses. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que os marcadores RM-YSTR são promissores para discriminar indivíduos da mesma linhagem patrilínea, visto que devido às suas elevadas taxas mutacionais e poder de discriminação, são capazes de diferenciar indivíduos de maneira mais eficiente do que os outros conjuntos de STR. Porém, é necessário maior número de estudos para melhor caracterização destes loci em diferentes populações.
Genetic markers on Y chromosome, as microsatellites (Y-STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are used for the characterization of male lineages, since they are fully transmitted to next generations unless mutations occurs (Singh et al., 2011; Mitchell & Hammer, 1996; Butler, 2009). Therefore, these markers are widely applied in several situations, highlighting the constant use of Y-STRs in the field of forensic genetics because of their high capacity of discriminate lineages. Recently, 13 rapidly mutating markers were described due to their highly mutation rates in comparison to other common Y-chromosome STRs, being called as Rapidly Mutating Y-STR (RM-YSTR) (Ballantyne et al., 2010; Kayser et al., 2012). As a result of their high mutation rates, RM-YSTRs display high efficiency in discriminating paternally related males. The present work aimed to deepen the knowledge about population and mutational RM-YSTR loci characteristics in Rio de Janeiro sample, and then, contribute to other studies with this purpose in Brazilian population. Y chromosome 13 STRs analysis was realized in 258 males born in Rio de Janeiro state, grouped in 129 fathers/sons pairs. The extraction of DNA from biological samples was performed according to routine protocols from LDD-UERJ. Target sequences were amplified by three polimerase chain reactions (PCR) and the amplicons were separated through electrophoresis on automated sequencer ABI-3500 (Applied Biosystems). When mutations were detected, they were confirmed by sequencing. Among the investigated sample, RM-YSTR loci showed a discrimination capacity of 1,0 which means that all 129 analyzed individuals have different haplotypes for these markers, displaying frequencies of 0,0077 and haplotype diversity of 1,0. Moreover, high values of genetic diversities were obtained for the 13 markers. Distance genetic analysis and AMOVA values based on Fst results did not show population substructure and common ancestral traits. These results are associated with high mutation rates found, with an average rate about 2,11 x 10-2. RM-YSTR showed to be very discriminative at this mixed sample, besides proving to be more discriminative than other markers commonly used in population studies and forensic analysis. Thus, it is possible to conclude that RM-YSTR markers are promising to discriminate individuals of the same male strain and due to their high mutation rates and discrimination capacity, they are able to differentiate individuals better than other common markers. Nevertheless, for a better characterization of these loci in different populations more studies are needed.
Wu, Burton. "New variational Bayesian approaches for statistical data mining : with applications to profiling and differentiating habitual consumption behaviour of customers in the wireless telecommunication industry". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46084/1/Burton_Wu_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFett, Carlos Alexandre. ""Avaliação metabólica nutricional de obesas no basal e após tratamento com dieta hipocalórica e treinamento em circuito ou caminhada"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-20052005-093115/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPurpose: To observe obese women before and after a low-calorie diet plus circuit training or jogging regarding nutritional parameters. Methods: Groups: circuit training, CIRC, n = 26, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) = 33.2 ± 7.9 (Mean±SD), age = 32.6 ± 9.7 years; and jogging training, JOGG, n = 24, BMI = 29.2 ± 3.4; age = 38.8 ± 10.5 years. Evaluations: body composition, collection of urine and blood samples, indirect calorimetry and physical tests were performed at the beginning (M1) and at the end (M2) of the study. Training: month one: 1 h x 3 d/week; month two: 1 h x 4 d/week. Diet: was adapted on the basis of a one week feeding record feed and adjusted to the resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured by indirect calorimetry, with the following proportion: 20% protein, 20% fat; and 60% carbohydrate. Results: Pre-intervention: 76% had one or more obese family members; there were symptoms indicating that 60% were anxious, 12% depressive, 34% compulsive, and 32% had sleep disorders, evaluated by a questionnaire during clinical examination. Altered levels of total cholesterol (TC) and/or fractions were found in 22% of the subjects. Weight (W), BMI, waist/hip ratio (WHR), and the sum of eight skin folds (8SF), were significantly correlated with four biochemistry variables, and abdominal circumference (AbC), and anthropometric fat percentage (%FAnthro) were correlated with five. Intervention: Weight, BMI, %FAnthro, endomorphy, body fat mass by bioimpedance (BFMBia) and percent body fat by bioimpedance (%FBia) were reduced in both groups. CIRC significantly increased performance in all (six) tests and the JOGG in three physical tests. CIRC showed significant differences for: ¯glucose (Glu), ¯UA, ¯TC (TC), ¯Tg (all in mg/dL), red blood cells (RBC) (mm3) and hematocrit (Ht) (%); and JOGG for: ¯Glu, ¯UA, ¯HDL, CT/HDL, RBC, Ht. The RMR was not significantly reduced in both groups. Conclusions: Pre-intervention: Anthropometric data indicated a good correlation with biochemical factors, but did not show a constant tendency. CT/HDL showed correlation with all anthropometric measurements and Glu with none. The obesity of these women appears to have multiple factors, with life style playing a determinant role. Intervention: Physical activities were determined to favor body composition, reduced weight and blood markers. CIRC were better in terms of physical performance and blood markers. Both types of training were sufficient to prevent a fall of RMR.
Sonvenso, Daniele Kanashiro. "Contribuição do SISCOM na investigação do blurring do polo temporal associado à atrofia hipocampal em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal: um estudo com SPECT cerebral". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-21072016-143317/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis was a retrospective study of 18 patients with hippocampal atrophy (HA) and 21 patients with HA associated to temporopolar blurring (TPB). We performed an investigation of perfusion changes of ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), interictal SPECT and subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to magnetic resonance imaging (SISCOM) and its comparison with results of presurgical evaluation. Patients with TPB showed earlier epilepsy onset, longer duration of epilepsy and a longer period of post surgical follow-up. The ipsilateral perfusion pattern in the ictal SPECT, which we denominated -typical? pattern, was the most frequent in both groups of patients, with and wihout TPB. In the interictal SPECT, most of patients with TPB showed ipsilateral hypoperfusion to the epileptogenic temporal pole (TP), while in the group without TPB this hypoperfusion was observed in half of the patients. Through SISCOM, the typical perfusion pattern was the most frequent in both groups. However, the patterns considered -atypical? were found more frequently in patients with TPB, which suggests a pattern of propagation of epileptic seizures slightly different in the group with TPB, which involves other areas of TL bilaterally. Adversely to our hypothesis, we did not found association between the occurrence of TPB and the hyperperfusion in the TP neither in the ictal SPECT nor SISCOM. Based on this finding, our data does not support the idea that the BTP is a result of interictal secondary tissue changes due to a higher involvement or role of this pole in the generation or propagation of epileptic seizures in the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). On the other hand, our results suggest that the TP is a region frequently involved by seizures of TL. Particularly, the hyperperfusion in the TP which is ipsilateral to the HA through SISCOM was the most found in patients with typical clinical cases of mesial TLE, suggesting that the TP is frequently involved (a typical pattern) in epileptic seizures of clinical cases with more concordant information (clearcut) and suggestive of unilateral mesial TLE
Abud, Lucas Giansante. "Análise quantitativa por ressonância magnética da epilepsia parcial sintomática de difícil controle com imagem qualitativa negativa para lesão epileptogênica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-23042018-141223/.
Pełny tekst źródłaConventional MRI may be inconclusive in about one-third of patients with refractory partial epilepsy. These patients with negative MRI when indicated for surgery represent a great challenge since the identification of an epileptogenic structural lesion by this method can be considered the best prognostic factor for the elimination of the crises in the postoperative period. Our objective was to evaluate the yield and utility of quantitative MRI through individualized post-processing in this group of patients. The present thesis is a prospective study of a cohort of forty-six patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy, with non-lesional 3-Teslas MRI and potential surgical candidates. All patients underwent a new MRI protocol, including 3D T1 and advanced techniques, and were subsequently evaluated through individualized post-processing of five quantitative measures extracted from these sequences. These measurements consisted of the cortical thickness (CT) and the signal between the white and gray matters junction (WGJ), both extracted from the 3D T1 sequence, as well as the T2 relaxometry (RT2), magnetization transfer rate (MTR) and mean diffusibility (MD). Data extracted from the whole brain were individually compared to a healthy control group using surface-based analysis (SBM) techniques for CT and voxel-based analyzes (VBA) for the other measures. Surface VEEG and seizure semiology were used to determine the possible epileptogenic zone (EZ). Consequently 31 patients were considered to have a suspect location for the Focus (SLF). Quantitative measurements individually detected abnormalities in some regions of the brain from 32.6% to 56.4% of patients. In the subgroup classified as FLS post-processing individually detected abnormalities inside the region of electroclinical origin of seizures in 9.7% (3/31) to 31.0% (9/29) of the patients. This yield was higher with MD (31.0% or 9/29) and RT2 (25.0% or 7/28) and lower with CT and WGJ (9.7% or 3/31). Abnormalities observed outside the presumed EZ region were always higher, ranging from 25.8% (8/31) to 51.7% (15/29). In five patients (5/46 or 10.9%) it was possible to identify some structural abnormality after the MRI visual inspection with orientation of the location by post-processing. Although the MRI quantitative analysis through individualized post-processing may suggest hidden structural lesions in the conventional protocol, caution should be exercised because of the apparent low specificity of theses findings for the EZ. In this group of patients these abnormalities should reflect not only the alterations in the EZ region, but also the microstructural abnormalities secondary to the seizures or less likely extensive cerebral malformations not visible in the routine protocols. A practical potential utility of these methods is to assist in the placement of intracranial electrodes in selected cases. On the other hand, the study showed a certain capacity to detect potentially epileptogenic lesions that became unnoticed in the MRI conventional visual analysis after re-evaluations directed by post-processing, notably by CT measurement. This suggests that these methods should be used either as a screening tool to prevent any visible lesions from being ignored or to guide a new visual inspection directed to a suspect region.
Sá, Helena Pinho de. "Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM) com e sem sintomas psicóticos: investigação neuroquímica por espectroscopia de próton". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17148/tde-15122011-183318/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and disabling of mental disorders. Nevertheless, its classification is still based on signs and symptoms, since its causes and pathophysyology has not been fully clarified. The presence of psychotic symptoms are relatively common during a depressive episode and is associated with clinical and biological peculiarities, but is underdiagnosed and its pathophysiology have been insufficiently studied, especially when considering the extensive literature on non-psychotic forms of depression. The aim of this study is to investigate the neurochemistry of the anterior cingulated gyrus (AC), a brain\'s neurocircuitry constituent related to the pathophysiology of MDD with psychosis/in the form of psychotic disorder. For this propose, we compared/ were compared the results of the metabolites between groups of patients with MDD with and without psychotic symptoms and controls by- proton resonance spectroscopy imaging of hydrogen (1rH-MRS). Secondly, the interference of socio-demographic and clinical on the cerebral metabolites. It was expected that patients with psychotic symptoms (MDD-P) present neurochemical changes in relation to the group of health controls and patients with depression without psychotic symptoms (MDD-Wo), regardless of the severity of depression symptons. Methods: The groups were diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The severity of depressive and psychotic symptoms, as well as the level of overall functioning were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale, BPRS and GAF (respectively). We collected information about the history of suicide attempts, drug treatment, psychiatric and medical comorbidities.1\'H-MRS single voxel, with echo time (TE) short (3lms) in a magnetic field of 3.0 Tesla was used for the evaluation of CA in 20 patients with MDD-P, 22 with MDD-Wo and 20 healthy subjects. We analyzed the absolutevalues of glutamate (Glu), glutamate plus glutamine (Gln+Glu), N-acetylaspartate plus N-acetyl aspartate-glutamate (NAA+NAAG), glycerol phosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine plus choline (PC+GPC), myo-inositol (Myo) and creatine (Cr). Data on socio-demographic and clinical information were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square, while the levels of metabolites were compared by MANOVA. The statistical significance level used was p <0.05. Results: Patients with MDD-P had less schooling and poorer overall functioning, both in relation to the controls as compared to patients without psychosis. Patient groups did not differ in the severity of depressive symptoms. Glu levels of MDD-P were lower than the MDD-Wo and the control group; NAA+NAAG levels of MDD-P were lower than in control and GPC+PC levels of MDDP were lower than the MDD-Wo. Between the sexes, Glu and NAA + NAAG levels of males were lower than females. Finally, Glu, Glu+Gln and Cr levels were different between the sexes within the groups. Conclusion:The group levels of metabolites of CA have been interfered with diagnosis and the effect of gender and gender-diagnosis interaction were close to be meaningful. The differences in the levels of Glu, NAA + NAAG and GPC + PC between diagnoses are possibly related to higher hypercortisolemia found in the MDD-P and the brain concentration of kynurenine metabolites imballance more similar with schizophrenia than MDD. The interference of sex for the levels of Glu and NAA + NAAG suggests a protective role of female hormones to glutamatergic system and cycle of the NAA. Still, probably the severity of the depressive episodes not implicated in the neurochemical differences between MDD-P and MDD-Wo
Chelegão, Rodrigo. "Produção de candidato a material de referência de peixe visando à determinação de Hg e MHg+". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2012.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaKAPOOR, BHARAT. "CRM FOR RURAL RETAIL". Thesis, 2014. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/17456.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartins, Lucie Guerra. "Volumetria de estruturas cerebrais profundas com imagem RM". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25079.
Pełny tekst źródłaMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging technique frequently present in the clinical practice and in constant development. It is a modern and sophisticated method of image and signal acquisition, with high image quality, relevant to cerebral volumetry. Volumetry associated with MRI facilitates the comparison of volumetric data allowing to obtain more solid data on the volumes of cerebral structures. Currently, the interest in the development of methodologies for the analyses of structures and volumetric measurement has been increasing, so it is desirable that it becomes a more automated, fast and efficient method and able to perform image segmentation with reduced operator intervention. This experimental study aims to compare the volume of subcortical structures between two different softwares to test the robustness of both. The softwares used, FreeSurfer and VolBrain, implements (semi) automatic segmentation strategies, following different algorithmic paradigms. Both softwares are freely available and are used for cerebral anatomy studies, including the segmentation of cortical and subcortical anatomy, providing the respective volumes. Initially, a study was made focusing on the concepts of MR imaging and on the existing deformable segmentation strategies. The segmentation by deformable models proved to be productive with promising results, due to the fact that it is a flexible method capable of segmenting more complex cases. Before segmenting our data, we analyzed the characteristics of the softwares used, the segmentation strategies and the properties of both, being possible to observe the modus operandi of each one, as well as the differences between them. Next, the images of the sample, composed of VI 35 cases with different health states (healthy, presence of tumor or cyst, epilepsy, autism), of both genders and aged between 5 and 50 years, were processed. At the end of segmentation, both provided volumetric data from subcortical structures, which were tabulated for analysis and comparisons. For a better comparative visualization of the difference of the obtained volumes, a network in MeVisLab was performed to inspect the overlap of both results. The results showed that FreeSurfer provides values that are generally significantly higher than those of VolBrain, in some cases more relevant than others. Such differences are possible due to algorithmic and pipeline issues. VolBrain was considered more reliable in terms of results than FreeSurfer, since the latter tends to overestimate the subcortical structures.
Mestrado em Tecnologias da Imagem Médica
Castro, Andreia Filipa Cruz da Silva. "Avaliação por RM do efeito da viscossuplementação com ácido hialurónico na osteoartrose do joelho". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/17201.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaposo, Ana Eduarda Porto. "Avaliação do metabolismo hepático em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada por meio de RM nuclear". Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/32003.
Pełny tekst źródłaA caquexia cardíaca representa a fase final da insuficiência cardíaca avançada, sendo caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de alterações neurohormonais, inflamatórias e metabólicas, que contribuem para a deterioração física nestes doentes. A insuficiência cardíaca é um estado catabólico complexo que conduz a insulinorresistência, constituindo o maior factor de risco para o desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Neste estudo pretendeu-se estudar as alterações do metabolismo glucídico em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada, associada ou não a diabetes de início recente. Nos não diabéticos, de forma a avaliar o metabolismo glucídico, recorreu-se à prova de tolerância à glucose oral. Foram também utilizadas técnicas de espectroscopia por ressonância magnética nuclear para avaliar o nível de produção endógena de glicose após jejum prolongado, o contributo relativo da glucogenólise e gluconeogénese para a produção endógena de glucose e, nos não diabéticos, a sua correlação com o resultado da prova de tolerância à glucose oral. A ficha lipídica foi também avaliada. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os doentes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca avançada têm, na sua maioria, importantes alterações do metabolismo glucídico e lipídico e que nos não diabéticos existe uma boa correlação entre a magnitude dessas alterações e os resultados da prova de tolerância à glucose oral.
Cardiac cachexia represents the endpoint of advanced heart failure and is characterized by the development of neurohormonal, inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities, which together contribute to the body wasting in these patients. 3 Heart failure is a complex catabolic state that increases insulin resistance, which constitutes the main risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. This study evaluates the abnormalities of glucose metabolism in patients with advanced heart failure, associated or not with recent onset diabetes. In non-diabetic patients an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, to evaluate glucose metabolism. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the endogenous glucose production in fasting state, the relative contribution of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis for glucose production, and in patients without diabetes, his correlation with the oral glucose tolerance test result. Lipid profile abnormalities were also evaluated. This study suggests that patients with advanced heart failure have, in his majority, important glucose and lipid metabolic abnormalities, and in non-diabetics there is a good correlation between the magnitude of these changes and oral glucose tolerance test results
Freitas, Teresa Manuel Stingl Leal Araújo de. "Estudo de sensibilidade rm processos de absorção de água em materiais de construção porosos - simulação numérica com o TRHUMIDADE". Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83918.
Pełny tekst źródłaFreitas, Teresa Manuel Stingl Leal Araújo de. "Estudo de sensibilidade rm processos de absorção de água em materiais de construção porosos - simulação numérica com o TRHUMIDADE". Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83918.
Pełny tekst źródłaSousa, Francisco Martins Prata Fonseca. "Whole-brain mapping of cerebrospinal fluid velocity and displacement over the cardiac cycle using phase contrast MRI and optimization of a DENSE sequence". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/48167.
Pełny tekst źródłaO líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) tem um papel essencial na drenagem dos resíduos resultantes do metabolismo cerebral e o constante movimento a que este fluido está sujeito é vital para manter a homeostasia do cérebro. Com feito, alterações neste movimento, geralmente associadas com o envelhecimento ou com doença, levam a perturbações fisiológicas, como a doença de Alzheimer ou a hidrocefalia. Por esta razão, é fundamental consolidar e aprofundar o conhecimento referente a este fluido, nomeadamente perceber como varia a sua velocidade e deslocamento, pois só desta forma será possível desenvolver e aperfeiçoar a prevenção e tratamento destas perturbações. Com efeito, este fluido está em constante movimento e o seu comportamento está intimamente ligado ao ciclo cardíaco. Apesar de estudos anteriores sobre a velocidade e o deslocamento do líquido cefalorraquidiano através de métodos de Ressonância Magnética (RM), ainda não existe uma descrição completa sobre o comportamento deste fluido. O objetivo principal deste estudo, consistiu em obter uma descrição detalhada da velocidade e do deslocamento do LCR através da aquisição de imagens de ressonância magnética obtidas com contraste de fase, um método de referência no que toca ao estudo da velocidade de fluidos No entanto, utilizar RM de contraste de fase para adquirir velocidades mais baixas, como as do LCR, requer tempos de aquisição mais longos e, consequentemente, as imagens obtidas estão mais sujeitas a distorções. Assim, a segunda parte deste projecto partiu dos resultados de deslocamento obtidos através da RM com contraste de fase para otimizar os parâmetros de uma segunda sequência de MR. Esta sequência é relativamente recente e possibilita o estudo do deslocamento sub-milimétrico do LCR associado ao movimento do cérebro através da aplicação de gradientes sucessivos (DENSE). Porém, é necessária uma escolha rigorosa dos parâmetros utilizados de forma a obter resultados que retratem o deslocamento do LCR de uma forma rigorosa e exata. Na primeira parte deste projecto, quatro voluntários foram estudados utilizando RM com contraste de fase, entre outubro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, em concordância com as diretrizes éticas da University Medical Center em Utrecth, Países Baixos. As aquisições foram realizadas utilizando um scanner de RM Philips 7 T e dois tipos de contraste foram utilizados: contraste de fase com 1mm de resolução isotrópica e com uma codificação de velocidade de 5m/s, e imagens 3D com ponderação em T1 com 1mm de resolução isotrópica. As imagens foram obtidas para três orientações distintas: anterior posterior, inferior-superior, e direita-esquerda. Na segunda parte deste projecto, dois voluntários foram estudados, de janeiro a fevereiro de 2020, utilizando seis contrastes: contraste de fase com 1mm de resolução isotrópica, e imagens 3D com ponderação em T1 com 1mm de resolução isotrópica, uma sequência básica DENSE com 2mm de resolução isotrópica, uma sequência básica DENSE com 3mm de resolução isotrópica, uma sequência DENSE com uma preparação T2 com 3mm de resolução isotrópica e, finalmente, uma sequência DENSE com tempo de eco prolongado com 3mm de resolução isotrópica. No entanto, e ao contrário das imagens adquiridas na primeira parte deste projecto, as imagens da segunda parte foram obtidas apenas para a orientação inferior-superior. Todas as imagens adquiridas no decorrer desta dissertação foram obtidas com gating cardíaco. O gating cardíaco foi realizado através da utilização de um eletrocardiograma e de um oxímetro de pulso de modo a relacionar o evolução da velocidade e do deslocamento com o ciclo cardíaco. Neste projecto foi também desenvolvida uma pipeline que permite que a partir das imagens adquiridas seja possível estudar a velocidade e o deslocamento do LCR. Esta pipeline inclui diversos passos. O primeiro passo consistiu em realinhar e co-registar as imagens obtidas de forma a permitir uma análise voxel a voxel. Seguidamente, as imagens foram segmentas em três tipos de tecidos: LCR, substância cinzenta, e substância branca. Adicionalmente, as primeiras etapas foram realizadas através da utilização de toolboxs disponíveis no MATLAB como o SPM e o CAT12. Posteriormente, os artefactos presentes nas imagens, tais como as correntes-eddy, foram corrigidos. No decorrer deste projecto diversas regiões foram analisadas e foram divididas em dois grupos: regiões do sistema ventricular, nas quais se incluíram os ventrículos laterais, o terceiro e quarto ventrículo, o aqueduto de Sylvius e a Cisterna Magna; e regiões mais abrangentes, como a região anterior e posterior do cérebro. Estas áreas do cérebro foram selecionadas através da segmentação das imagens anatómicas. Finalmente, a velocidade de cada uma destas regiões foi extraída e integrada ao longo do ciclo cardíaco de maneira a calcular o deslocamento do LCR. Os resultados obtidos relativamente à velocidade mostraram consistência para os quatro voluntários deste projecto. Verificou-se que as regiões do sistema ventricular demonstram valores de velocidade consideravelmente mais elevados do que as regiões mais abrangentes. Com efeito, a região que apresentou valores absolutos de velocidade mais elevados foi o aqueducto de Sylvius. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que as velocidades são superiores na orientação caudal-cranial e inferiores na orientação direita-esquerda. Concluiu-se também que o valor de velocidade escolhido não foi o mais indicado para as regiões mais abrangentes pois a velocidade destas regiões é significativamente inferior e, desta forma, poderá ter existido perda de sinal do LCR. Posteriormente, ao integrar a velocidade obtida através da RM com contraste fase obtiveram-se mapas de deslocamento para as mesmas regiões cerebrais. Estes resultados mostraram-se consistentes e, tal como anteriormente observado, o deslocamento é consideravelmente superior para as regiões do sistema ventricular. A região inferior do cérebro foi a que apresentou valores de deslocamento mais elevados, o que pode ser justificado pelo facto desta região se encontrar mais próxima do coração e, desta maneira, o LCR ser ejetado das regiões que ocupa com maior velocidade. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que as maiores alterações do deslocamento ocorrem imediatamente após a sístole cardíaca. Seguidamente, foi possível, a partir dos valores de deslocamento obtidos, determinar um valor ótimo para a sensibilidade, relativamente ao deslocamento, da sequência DENSE. Contrariamente à primeira parte deste projecto, os resultados obtidos utilizando as sequências DENSE dizem respeito exclusivamente às regiões mais abrangentes. De facto, esta exclusão das regiões do sistema ventricular foi causada pela baixa resolução das imagens obtidas que, desta forma, não permitiram uma segmentação de áreas tão reduzidas com fiabilidade razoável. Os resultados desta análise mostram que a sequência utilizada cujos resultados de deslocamento se assemelham mais aos resultados obtidos através do contraste de fase foi a sequência que utilizou a preparação T2. Por oposição, as sequências básicas utilizadas mostraram semelhança reduzida com o método de comparação. Esta diferença observada foi justifica pela baixa resolução das imagens adquiridas, o que contribui para que não fosse possível eliminar o efeito de volume parcial. Adicionalmente, concluiu-se que o valor de sensibilidade para o deslocamento utilizado não foi o correto para estas regiões e, desta forma, houve perda de sinal adquirido justificando assim às diferenças encontradas entre os dois métodos. Concluindo, esta dissertação cumpriu o objetivo principal proposto, nomeadamente fazer uma descrição completa e quantificar a evolução da velocidade e do deslocamento do líquido cefalorraquidiano ao longo do ciclo cardíaco. Adicionalmente, o método de RM com contraste de fase mostrou ser um método fiável para o estudo do comportamento do LCR mesmo em regiões com velocidades mais lentas. Os resultados de deslocamento obtidos através da utilização do método DENSE permitiram confirmar o potencial desta técnica para medir deslocamentos sub-milimétricos. No entanto, este método ainda necessita de ser otimizado de forma a ser uma alternativa viável ao contraste de fase. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitem que estudos futuros utilizem os valores máximos de cada região obtida de forma a otimizar futuras sequências.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an essential role in the drainage of cerebral waste, and its continuous motion is vital to maintain the brain’s homeostasis. Variations in this motion, associated with aging and disease, are observed in physical and physiological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease. Therefore, a deep understating of this fluid motion, such as its velocity and displacement, is fundamental to strengthen our knowledge of these diseases and might be vital to their prevention and treatment. Despite previous studies reporting CSF velocity and displacement using magnetic resonance imaging techniques, a complete picture of this fluid motion has not yet been obtained. The aim of this study was to, first and foremost, obtain a general picture of CSF velocity and displacement using Phase Contrast (PC) MRI, a method of reference for velocity acquisition. Furthermore, this sequence was also used to optimize the parameters for an MRI technique called Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE), a sequence that was modified in order to be capable of measuring small displacements. Four healthy subjects were studied using whole-brain ultra-high field (UHF) MRI at 7 Tesla (T). The volunteers were scanned using two different MRI imaging sequences: Phase Contrast MRI at 1 mm isotropic resolution and 3D T1-weighted (T1w) at 1 mm isotropic resolution. Additionally, two healthy subjects were scanned using PC and four different DENSE acquisitions. Firstly, two basic DENSE sequences with 2mm and 3mm isotropic resolution were acquired. Next, a DENSE acquisition with a T2 prepared magnetization, and a DENSE sequence with a long echo time were acquired to avoid confounding effects from partial volume between tissue and CSF. The image processing pipeline included coregistration, segmentation, eddy current correction. Moreover, mean velocity and displacement maps were calculated for regions of interest previously selected. The results in this study obtained from the PC acquisitions show consistent velocity and displacement values across all subjects. Furthermore, CSF shows higher values for the ventricular regions, such as the aqueduct, and predominant motion in the anterior and feet direction. Comparatively, regions in the periphery of the brain display slower velocities and smaller displacements. The displacement values obtained with PC were used to optimize the displacement sensitivity used in the DENSE acquisition. The DENSE sequence acquired with a T2 magnetization preparation showed the most consistent results when compared to the Phase Contrast. In conclusion, this project managed to study and quantify CSF behavior in the brain, which allows for the optimization of future sequences that desire a more detailed study of this fluid’s in specific brain regions.
Rodrigues, Sara Beatriz Lopes. "Utilização de técnicas de imagem na seleção de pacientes candidatos a trombólise". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10783.
Pełny tekst źródłaStroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Portugal. It is characterized by a sudden loss of blood flow in a particular region of the brain, triggering the corresponding neurologic dysfunction. It may have multiple causes, namely thrombotic or embolic. The usual treatment for an ischemic stroke is recanalization of the affected vessel, which can be done by thrombolysis if this is possible within 4,5h of onset or by thrombectomy up to 6h of onset. However, many patients arrive at the hospital after these time windows. If there is a chance to extend the therapeutic window, the amount of patients able to receive treatment would increase. Recent evidence suggests that it is possible to study the penumbra or the evolution of the ischemic lesion through imaging, therefore, evaluate the possibility to extend the allowed timings for thrombolysis. The goal of this monography is to gather and analyze studies that show the capability of imaging in selecting patients for late window thrombolysis. Medscape, PubMed, Direção Geral da Saúde and American Heart Association/American Stroke Association are the platforms used to write this monography. Recent clinical trials bring hope to late window thrombolysis. When facing patients who wake up exhibiting symptoms, or who's therapeutic window has passed, it's possible to resort to imaging to verify thrombolosys' viability.