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Chung, Cheuk-fai Bell. "The use of forensic hypnosis in criminal investigation". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979300.
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Womack, Charissa L. "Criminal Investigations: The Impact of Patrol Officers on Solving Crime". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3594/.
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This two-part study of the criminal investigation process first evaluated the frequency with which patrol officers solve cases assigned to the investigations division and then examined how detectives spent their time, both on case assignments and on other activity not related to current case assignment. Cases assigned to the investigations division for follow up were examined to determine how often a case was cleared by the patrol officer. The detective's time was then evaluated in order to determine how much time detectives spent on investigative tasks and other activities. This study confirms that the patrol officer should be given more time to conduct preliminary investigations for specific cases, and that tasks performed by detectives could be shifted to other personnel in the department. Both actions should serve to positively impact case clearance rates.
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Valiér, Claire Elizabeth. "Looking for the criminal : forensic science, criminal investigation, and subjectivity". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620966.
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Clements, Natalie. "The profession of profiling : are we there yet? /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16768.pdf.
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Machado, André Augusto Mendes. "A investigação criminal defensiva". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-27082009-114835/.
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O objeto primordial desta dissertação é conceituar a investigação criminal defensiva, sob a ótica da eficiência e do garantismo, e demonstrar a necessidade deste instituto nos ordenamentos jurídicos em que a investigação pública é tendencialmente acusatória. Para tanto, nos dois capítulos iniciais, esclarecem-se alguns aspectos gerais condizentes ao tema em análise, a saber: a definição de investigação criminal e suas principais características; a questão da parcialidade do Ministério Público e a investigação do crime por este órgão; e a definição de inquérito policial e sua disciplina legal no Brasil. Em seguida, aborda-se a relação da investigação defensiva com os princípios constitucionais da igualdade e da ampla defesa, que se encontram na base de um processo penal acusatório e asseguram às partes igual oportunidade de comprovarem os seus argumentos. Por conta disso, se um sistema jurídico prescreve a investigação do crime pelo próprio órgão acusatório, é de rigor que o imputado tenha direito equivalente, sob pena de se violar os mencionados direitos fundamentais. Ademais, a investigação defensiva, ao permitir a obtenção de elementos que serão contrapostos à investigação pública, amplia o campo cognitivo do Magistrado, o qual disporá de um maior número de dados materiais para fundamentar decisão acerca da viabilidade da acusação e da adoção de medidas cautelares. Após a análise constitucional da investigação defensiva, estuda-se o tratamento conferido pelo Direito estrangeiro a esta matéria, particularmente na Itália, onde o tema está em voga e é objeto de importantes e auspiciosos debates jurídicos. Ao final, a dissertação cuida da concretização da investigação defensiva, isto é, o modo como deve se desenvolver, as suas limitações, a utilização do seu resultado e a possibilidade de inserção no ordenamento jurídico pátrio.The main subject of this dissertation is to create a concept of the criminal defense investigation, under the efficiency and the guarantism perspectives, and to demonstrate the need of such institute in the legal system in which the public investigation has an acusatory tendency. For this purpose, in the first two chapters, the dissertation clarifies certain general aspects regarding the subject under analysis, such as: the definition of criminal investigation and its main characteristics; the question of partiality of the Public Prosecutor\' s Office and the criminal investigation ran by this office; and the definition of criminal investigation and its legal regulation in Brazil. Following, the dissertation approachs the relation of defensive investigation with the constitutional principles of equality and of full defense, which are in the base of an accusatory criminal procedure and assure the parties equal opportunities to prove their arguments. For this reason, if a legal system provides for a criminal investigation to be conducted by the accusatory party itself, it is imperative that the accused has equivalent rights, otherwise the legal system will be violating the above mentioned fundamental rights. Furthermore, in allowing gathering elements which shall be confronted with the official investigation, the defense investigation expands the cognitive field of the Magistrate, who will have more material data to pronounce a decision regarding the accusation\'s viability and the adoption of cautionary measures. After the constitutional analysis of the defense investigation, the dissertation enters into the foreign law on this subject, particularly from Italy, where the matter is highly in evidence and is the subject of important and auspicious legal debates. In the end, the dissertation provides for the materialization of the defense investigation, i.e., the manner in which it shall be developed, its limitations, the use of its results and the possible insert in our national legal ordinance.
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鍾灼輝 i Cheuk-fai Bell Chung. "The use of forensic hypnosis in criminal investigation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979300.
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Johnson, Charles L. "Information sharing among cops progress & barriers witnessed in a case study of the H.I.T.S. program in Washington State /". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/c_johnson_112008.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 22, 2009). "Department of Political Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-280).
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Alderson, Karl Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Powers and responsibilities: reforming NSW criminal investigation law". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19056.
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The thesis is a historical study from a socio-legal perspective of debates about, and developments in, criminal investigation law in NSW since 1945. In that period, the NSW parliament has enacted extensive criminal investigation powers and safeguards. This can be seen as the result of the increasing political sensitivity of 'law and order'. Politicians have sought to exercise (and demonstrate) greater control over the criminal justice system. Legislation has been employed to provide a framework for police actions, and to define a role for others, including judges, magistrates and the Ombudsman. Political focus on law and order has also reversed the incentive structure for the police hierarchy. In the 1950s, there were strong incentives not to push for extra powers, lest policing practices and effectiveness receive unwanted scrutiny. In the 1970s, police were dragged into debate about their powers, in the face of the 'authorise and regulated' model suggested by numerous inquiries. More recently, police organisations have often initiated calls for new powers, in part to explain past failings. Another important factor driving debate and reform in recent decades has been the proliferation of oversight agencies, and academic insights that have debunked the 'rotten apple' paradigm. The Federal Government and Parliament have also been increasingly active in what would once have been considered purely State/Territory realms of criminal justice law and politics. These major influences have been coupled with a host of others, including the impact of a series of Royal Commission and law reform reports, the ongoing war on drugs, and the campaign against police verbals in the 1970s and 1980s. The examination of the forces that have influenced debate and reform yields other insights. For example, the complexity of the phenomenon of 'non-reform' is apparent from an examination of debates about policing in the 1950s. Prevailing trends in law and order politics (eg, that populist politics supports additional powers) can be seen to be anchored in the contemporary political context rather than being timeless truths. The multiple roles of law, in governing relationships between state agencies and actors, not just between police and suspects, are also highlighted.
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Dean, Geoff. "The experience of investigation for detectives". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35788/1/35788_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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The thesis presents a qualitative research study on how police detectives experience, understand, and think about the process of doing serious and complex criminal investigations. The data was collected using a semi- structured, in-depth interview with a group of sixty-four experienced police investigators from Australia, New Zealand, various State Police Services in America and the FBI.
The empirical research methodology of phenomenography was employed to gather and analysis the interview transcripts for this group of detectives. The aim of this phenomenographic approach was to elicit the variation in the investigative experience both within individual detectives and between detectives in the group studied.
Upon analysis, the variation in this group of detectives' conceptions about doing a criminal investigation was captured in a set of four hierarchically ordered and qualitatively different categories of description. These four categories reflect particular cognitive styles or preferred ways of investigative thinking that experienced investigators rely upon throughout the investigative process.
The four 'Investigative Thinking Styles' start with the application of the 'Method' style of investigative thinking, through to the 'Challenge' style, and then onto the 'Skill' style, and finally up to and including the 'Risk' thinking style. These four styles constitute a theoretical model of investigation that has important practical implications for the recruitment, selection, and training of investigating officers as well as for the case management of investigations and the use of investigative teams for major crime investigations.
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Chan, Wai-man Jimmy. "An analysis of criminal investigation training in the Hong Kong police force". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25138637.
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Womack, Charissa L. Fritsch Eric J. "Criminal investigations the impact of patrol officers on solving crime /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3594.
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Ozeren, Suleyman. "Problem-oriented approach to criminal investigation: implementation issues and challenges". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2876/.
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As a proactive, information-based policing approach, problem-oriented policing emphasizes the use of crime analysis techniques in the analysis of the underlying causes of the problems that police deal with. In particular, analysis applications can be powerful tools for criminal investigation, such as crime reconstruction, profiling, IAFIS, VICAP, and CODIS. The SARA Model represents a problem-solving strategy of problemoriented policing. It aims to address the underlying causes of the problems and create substantial solutions. However, implementing problem-oriented policing requires a significant change in both the philosophy and structure of police agencies. Not only American policing but also the Turkish National Police should consider problem-oriented policing as an alternative approach for solving criminal activities.
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Coelho, Emerson Ghirardelli. "Investigação criminal constitucional". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7042.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Emerson Ghirardelli Coelho.pdf: 985442 bytes, checksum: bc78b1b02933b3fc45c09c87d3b5cbfa (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-03-07The crisis affecting the Brazilian criminal justice system is often attributed to the inefficiency of the Judiciary Police and the ineffectiveness of the police investigation as a means of investigation of criminal acts. However, the problem takes another relevance when we analyze the criminal investigation in depth in accordance with the democratic principles and constitutional values. We pass, then, to realize that the shortcomings of the investigation procedures are not structural in nature but rather due to interpretive paradigms built under the aegis of political exception regimes. This reveals the need to put in place a contemporary criminal procedure hermeneutics, in which proper criminal investigation, constitutional and legally produced, is regarded as fundamental rights protection instrument, unfolding as real tool for promoting human dignity. Grounded on these assumptions should follow the doctrinal and jurisprudential construction and legislative reforms aiming to improve the extra-judicial phase of the criminal prosecution, consolidating the police investigation as true procedural criminal procedure of a garantista nature, aimed at achieving the constitutional ideal of due process, a principle of the Democratic State of Law
A crise que acomete o sistema de Justiça Criminal brasileiro muitas vezes é imputada à ineficiência da Polícia Judiciária e à ineficácia do inquérito policial como meio de apuração de fatos delituosos. Contudo, a problemática toma outro relevo quando analisamos a fundo a investigação criminal à luz dos princípios e valores constitucionais democráticos. Passamos, então, a perceber que as deficiências do procedimento investigatório não são de cunho estrutural, mas sim decorrentes de paradigmas interpretativos edificados sob a égide de regimes políticos de exceção. Isso nos revela a necessidade de colocar em prática uma hermenêutica processual penal contemporânea, em que a devida investigação criminal, constitucional e legalmente produzida, seja encarada como instrumento de proteção de direitos fundamentais, desvelando-se como verdadeira ferramenta de promoção da dignidade humana. Alicerçadas nessas premissas devem seguir as construções doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais e as reformas legislativas que visem aprimorar a fase extrajudicial da persecução criminal, consolidando o inquérito policial como verdadeiro procedimento processual penal de cunho garantista, voltado a concretizar o ideal constitucional de processo justo, princípio este basilar do Estado Democrático de Direito
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Patrick, Christopher John. "The validity of lie detection with criminal psychopaths". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27507.
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The idea that psychopaths may be able to "beat" a standard polygraph ("lie detector") test remains a controversial issue. The one published study to date that has addressed this question directly (Raskin & Hare, 1978) has been challenged on the grounds that: 1) the polygraph testing situation lacked a 'realistic threat component, and 2) the examiner's decisions were not based on blind chart analyses (Lykken, 1978). The present study re-assessed the accuracy of the polygraph with psychopaths using a revised procedure, in response to Lykken's criticisms. Subjects were 24
psychopathic and 24 nonpsychopathic male prison inmates (aged 18-54) selected on the basis of psychopathy checklist scores (Hare, 1980) and DSM-III ratings within each diagnostic sample, equal groups of "guilty" and "innocent" subjects were tested regarding their involvement in a mock theft by experienced professional polygraphers using control question procedures. Methodological innovations included: a) a "group contingency threat" manipulation which produced a realistic motivational; atmosphere for the polygraph test, b) simultaneous recordings of physiological activity on field and laboratory polygraph instruments, and c) blind numerical analyses of the field polygraph charts. Consistent with Raskin and Hare's results, the guilty psychopaths in the present study were detected just as easily as the guilty nonpsychopaths, and the majority of guilty subjects (87%, excluding inconclusives ) were correctly identified, even when the decisions were based on blind chart analyses. However in contrast to Raskin and Hare's 91% accuracy figure for innocent subjects, the overall hit rate for innocent subjects in the present study was only 56%. Quantitative analyses of the laboratory polygraph recordings revealed few meaningful differences between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths, and the results for guilty and innocent subjects closely matched those obtained with the field polygraph. The findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the field validity of the control question test and the responsivity of psychopaths to threat.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Leary, Richard Maurice. "Evidential reasoning in criminal pre-trial fact investigation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417954.
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Fish, Jacqueline T., Larry S. Miller, Michael C. Braswell i Edward W. Jr Wallace. "Crime Scene Investigation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1455775401.
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Crime Scene Investigation offers an innovative approach to learning about crime scene investigation, taking the reader from the first response on the crime scene to documenting crime scene evidence and preparing evidence for courtroom presentation. It includes topics not normally covered in other texts, such as forensic anthropology and pathology, arson and explosives, and the electronic crime scene. Numerous photographs and illustrations complement text material, and a chapter-by-chapter fictional narrative also provides the reader with a qualitative dimension of the crime scene experience.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1085/thumbnail.jpg
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Тiщенкo, М. Г. "Пpoцесуaльнa дiяльнiсть слiдчoгo у кpимiнaльнoму пpoвaдженнi". Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20117.
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Тiщенкo, М. Г. Пpoцесуaльнa дiяльнiсть слiдчoгo у кpимiнaльнoму пpoвaдженні : 081 Право / М. Г. Тiщенкo; керівник роботи Петpик O. Л.; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра кримінального права та правосуддя. – Чернігів, 2020. – 103 с.Aктуaльнiсть дoслiдження випускнoї квалiфiкацiйнoї poбoти на тему «Пpoцесуaльнa дiяльнiсть слiдчoгo у кpимiнaльнoму пpoвадженнi» пoяснюється, нaсaмпеpед, знaченням i тiєю poллю, яку пpoцесуaльнa дiяльнiсть слiдчoгo вiдiгpaє у виpiшеннi зaвдaнь кpимiнaльнoгo пpoвaдження. Poзв'язaння цiєї пpoблеми є oдним з вaжливиx aспектiв як для oцiнки ефективнoстi дoсудoвoгo слiдствa, тaк i дiяльнoстi йoгo гoлoвнoгo суб'єктa - слiдчoгo. У poздiлi 1 poбoти визнaченi пpoцесуaльнa xapaктеpистикa дiяльнoстi слiдчиx пiд чaс пpoведення слiдчиx (пpoцесуaльниx) дiй; учaсники кpимiнaльнoгo пpoвaдження пpи пpoведеннi слiдчиx дiй; зaгaльнi пoлoження пpoведення слiдчими слiдчиx (пpoцесуaльниx) дiй; вимoги дo пpoцесуaльниx дoкументiв пpoведення слiдчиx дiй. У poздiлi 2 poбoти дoслiджуються пpaвoвий стaтус слiдчиx opгaнiв Нaцioнaльнoї пoлiцiї Укpaїни; пpaвa тa oбoв’язки слiдчиx opгaнiв Нaцioнaльнoї пoлiцiї Укpaїни; функцiї слiдчoгo opгaнiв Нaцioнaльнoї пoлiцiї Укpaїни. Poздiл 3 poбoти пpисвячений кoнцептуaльним oснoвaм пpaвoмipнoстi пpoведення дoсудoвoгo poзсiлдувaння слiдчим, вiдпoвiднo дo нopм кpимiнaльнoгo пpoцесуaльнoгo кoдексу Укpaїни; тaктичним oпеpaцiям пpoведення дoпиту тa впiзнaння; opгaнiзaцiйнo-пpoцесуaльним спoсoбaм викoнaння oбшуку тa oгляду; oсoбливoстям pеaлiзaцiї слiдчoгo експеpименту тa експеpтизи; тaктицi здiйснення неглaсниx слiдчиx дiй. Нaукoвa нoвизнa poбoти пoлягaє пoлягaє в тoму, щo дaнa poбoтa є дoслiдженням сaме пpoцесуaльнoї дiяльнoстi слiдчoгo у кpимiнaльнoму пpoвaдженнi, oскiльки сьoгoднi мoжнa кoнстaтувaти, щo iнститут дoсудoвoгo poзслiдувaння пеpебувaє у пoстiйнoму poзвитку. Слiдчий – це тaкий учaсник кpимiнaльнoгo пpoвaдження, нa якoгo пoклaденo пpoцесуaльну функцiю oбвинувaчення, щo здiйснюється шляxoм викpиття винниx у вчиненнi злoчинiв тa пpитягнення їx зa пoгoдженням iз пpoкуpopoм дo кpимiнaльнoї 6 вiдпoвiдaльнoстi. У змiстi жoднoї зi стaтей кpимiнaльнoгo пpoцесуaльнoгo кoдексу змiст пoняття "слiдчий" не визнaченo, a лише зaзнaченo їx вiдoмчу пpинaлежнiсть. У теopiї пpoцесу сеpед нaукoвцiв, нa сьoгoднi, вiднесення слiдчoгo дo числa учaсникiв, щo викoнують функцiю oбвинувaчення, є спipним. Зoкpемa, пoчинaючи з paдянськиx чaсiв, у нaукoвиx кoлax iснувaлa думкa, щo нa слiдчoгo пoклaденo функцiю poзслiдувaння злoчинiв, змiстoм якoї виступaє пiдфункцiя oбвинувaчення, зaxисту й виpiшення кpимiнaльнoї спpaви. Кpiзь пpизму сучaснoгo пoгляду нa мoдель вiтчизнянoгo кpимiнaльнoгo пpoцесу, щo тяжiє дo змaгaльнoї, це пoгляд нa змiст тaкoї функцiї слiдчoгo себе пoвнiстю вичеpпaв.
The relevance of the graduation studу The procedural activitу of the investigator in criminal proceedings is explained, first of all, bу the importance and the role that the procedural activitу of the investigator plaуs in solving the problems of criminal proceedings. The resolution of this problem is one of the important aspects both for evaluating the effectiveness of the pre-trial investigation and for the activitу of its principal investigator. Chapter 1 of the paper defines the procedural characteristics of investigators' activities during investigative actions; participants in criminal proceedings in conducting investigative actions; general provisions of investigative (procedural) actions of investigators; requirements for procedural documents of investigation. Chapter 2 of the paper examines the legal status of investigative bodies of the National Police of Ukraine; the rights and duties of investigative bodies of the National Police of Ukraine; functions of the investigative bodies of the National Police of Ukraine. Chapter 3 of the paper is devoted to the conceptual bases of the legitimacу of pre-trial investigation bу investigators, in accordance with the rules of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine; tactical interrogation and identification operations; organizational and procedural methods of search and inspection; peculiarities of realization of investigative experiment and examination; tactics of conducting unspoken investigative actions. The scientific noveltу of the work is that this work is a studу of the procedural activitу of the investigator in criminal proceedings, since todaу it can be stated that the institute of pre-trial investigation is in constant development. Investigator - is such a participant in criminal proceedings, which is charged with the procedural function of the prosecution, which is carried out bу exposing the perpetrators of the crimes and bringing them in agreement with the prosecutor. The content of the term "investigator" is not defined in anу of the articles of the Criminal Procedure Code, onlу their departmental affiliation is indicated. In the theorу of 8 process among scientists, todaу, the relation of the investigator to the number of participants performing the function of the prosecution is controversial. In particular, since the Soviet times, there has been an opinion in academia that the investigator is charged with the function of investigating crimes, the content of which is the subfunction of the prosecution, defense and resolution of a criminal case. Through the prism of the modern view of the model of domestic criminal process, which tends to be competitive, this view of the content of such a function of the investigator has completelу exhausted itself.
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Chan, Wai-man Jimmy, i 陳偉文. "An analysis of criminal investigation training in the Hong Kong policeforce". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966743.
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Süße, Sascha, i Carolin Püschel. "Collecting evidence in internal investigations in the light of parallel criminal proceedings". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-199168.
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Newman, Jacquelyn. "The effectiveness of low copy number DNA in criminal investigation". Thesis, Teesside University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/112655.
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When offenders commit crime there is the potential that they may leave behind trace amounts of their DNA, even when there has been no apparent body fluid spill. During the examination of crime scenes, scene investigators try to identify areas that may be sampled to locate these traces. Specialist techniques are then required within the laboratory to enable such small amounts to be analysed to obtain a profile. These techniques are referred to as Low Template DNA analysis (LTDNA), of which Low Copy Number DNA (LCN DNA) is one instance. In 2008, following the Omagh Bombing trial, and comments made by Judge Weir, the UK Forensic Regulator commissioned a review of the science of LTDNA analysis. The subsequent report made specific mention of the fact that there was no available information on the success rate of the use of such DNA techniques and that there seemed to be confusion over what constituted a success. The report went on to state that there was no information on where such trace amounts of DNA were likely to be found, or what factors could influence the likelihood of obtaining a trace DNA profile (Caddy, 2008). This research considered the outcomes of LCN DNA analysis from 3,552 samples to try to establish where trace amounts of DNA could be found, whether some areas sampled were more successful in generating profiles than others, and the likelihood of the profiles obtained being of use to a criminal investigation. Analysis of results identified areas that were more successful in generating profiles of use to an investigation and highlighted significant differences in results across a variety of items from which samples were taken. DNA samples taken from items associated with communication such as mobile phones were much more likely to produce a profile useful to a criminal investigation than those taken from fixed surfaces within premises. The results obtained showed that obtaining a DNA profile did not necessarily correlate with the profile being of use to a criminal investigation. This was due to the fact that a large number of these profiles were anticipated eliminations from legitimate sources. Items that produced high numbers of profiles but were anticipated eliminations, and therefore of no value to an investigation, came from items associated with skin samples and clothing. The research went further to identify key factors that affected the profiling rates. Factors that had a positive influence on the ability to obtain a profile included: any area that had been in close proximity to saliva (direct contact was not required); samples that had been recovered from the inside of premises or vehicles and therefore protected from the elements; those that were dry; items that were of a porous nature; and those that had a rough texture. No differences were found between the actual surface materials (plastic, glass, wood, metal), as all showed a propensity to generate profiles. Other factors that were considered but proved to have no effect on the profiling rates included seasonal differences and whether the area targeted for sampling was clearly defined. Items that had had high contact with a victim, were recovered from outside or had been wet, all proved to be less useful to an nvestigation. A further finding of the research was that swabs that had been recovered and stored frozen appeared to deteriorate in their ability to profile. This was particularly notable if they were submitted later than 5 months after recovery. Items stored in dry conditions did not deteriorate in this way. Overall the research can be used to provide investigators with the knowledge of what areas of crime scenes are most likely to yield trace DNA material, the key factors that can affect the likelihood of obtaining a profile, and those areas that are more likely to produce profiles useful to criminal investigations.
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Staines, Zoe Renee. "Knowledge management in criminal investigation : empirical examination and re-conceptualisation of dean's investigative thinking styles". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/64111/1/Zoe_Staines_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explored the current state of knowledge management in policing. A psychometric instrument was created and validated for use within police agencies as a means of facilitating the capture and transferral of critical investigative knowledge. The aim is to ensure that investigative expertise is not lost when detectives retire or leave the service. Improved knowledge management strategies that rely on this psychometric instrument can lead to greater efficiency and effectiveness in criminal investigation.
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Fonseca, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro da. "Furto de energia elétrica - subsunção da análise tecnológica ao ordenamento jurídico penal". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-04092008-160733/.
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Trata o presente estudo da submissão (adequação) do exame tecnológico em locais de crime de furto de energia elétrica ao ordenamento jurídico penal vigente, de tal forma a atender as necessidades próprias da lei penal e processual penal, específicas ao tema. Aspectos como a classificação entre furto de energia ou estelionato, ou mesmo a de furto de energia mediante fraude, ou ainda, simplesmente, a de ligação abusiva, assim como as comparações do preceito legal com a obtenção clandestina do acesso à TV a cabo e ao uso de impulsos de telefonia, devem ter a análise tecnológica adequada à sua destinação pelo Perito encarregado do exame, haja vista ser seu Laudo não só o documento hábil para tais discernimentos, que darão rumo ao processo penal e, por via de conseqüência, influenciarão em sua conclusão, mas também fonte de processo de conhecimento eventualmente levado a cabo pelo judiciário, este, destinatário final de tal trabalho.The present study deals with the submission (Adequacy) of the technological examination, in places of electric energy robbery crime, to the effective criminal legal system, such way to take care of the proper necessities of criminal and procedural law, specific to the subject. Aspects as the classification between robbery of energy or fraud, or simply of abusive linking, as the comparisons of the legal rule with the clandestine attainment of the access of cable TV and the use of telephony impulses, must have the technological analysis adjusted its destination for the in charge Connoisseur it examination, it has seen to be its Finding the skillful document for the discernment of important questions, which one will give route to the criminal proceeding and, by the way, they will influence in its conclusion.
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Саєнко, А. В. "Досудове розслідування". Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20109.
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Саєнко, А. В. Досудове розслідування: магістерська робота : 081 Право / А. В. Саєнко; керівник роботи Пузирний В. Ф.; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра кримінального права та правосуддя. – Чернігів, 2020. – 85 с.Актуальність дослідження проблем досудового розслідування зумовлена тим, що на сучасному етапі розвитку Україна, завершуючи черговий історичний виток, опинилась на порозі серйозного вдосконалення національної правової системи з урахуванням міжнародних правових стандартів та умов сьогодення. Політична й економічна ситуація вимагають швидкого та ефективного реформування досудового розслідування, переходу на якісно новий рівень функціонування. У розділі 1 роботи досліджуються теоретико-правові основи досудового розслідування, зокрема генезис та шляхи його формування, а також поняття та загальні положення досудового розслідування. Розділ 2 присвячений аналізу правового регулювання досудового розслідування, зокрема правовому регулюванню слідчих (розшукових) дій та особливостям зупинення та закінчення досудового розслідування. У розділі 3 досліджуються організаційно-правові проблеми діяльності органів досудового розслідування та шляхи вдосконалення правового регулювання досудового розслідування на сучасному етапі розвитку українського законодавства. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що: 1) у результаті проведеного дослідження визначено, що досудове розслідування це стадія кримінального провадження, яка починається з моменту внесення відомостей про кримінальне правопорушення до Єдиного реєстру досудових розслідувань і закінчується закриттям кримінального провадження або направленням до суду обвинувального акта, клопотання про застосування примусових заходів медичного або виховного характеру, клопотання про звільнення особи від кримінальної відповідальності (с. 30); 2) встановлено, що слідчі (розшукові) дії - це регламентовані кримінальним процесуальним законом процесуальні дії, які здійснюються уповноваженою особою і являють собою сукупність пошукових, пізнавальних і засвідчуючих операцій, направлених на отримання (збирання) доказів або перевірку вже отриманих доказів у конкретному кримінальному провадженні (с. 51); 3) запропоновано прийняти Закон «Про систему досудового слідства України та статус слідчих» (с. 70). Основні положення і висновки роботи обговорювалися на ХІІ міжнародній науково-практичній конференції «Удосконалення правових та соціально-економічних механізмів децентралізації регіонів України» (м. Чернігів, 15 квітня 2020 року).
The urgency of the investigation of the problems of pre-trial investigation is conditioned by the fact that at the present stage of development Ukraine, at the end of the next historical round, found itself on the verge of serious improvement of the national legal system, taking into account international legal standards and conditions of the present. The political and economic situation requires a quick and effective reform of the pre-trial investigation and a transition to a new level of functioning. Section 1 of the paper explores the theoretical and legal foundations of pre-trial investigation, in particular the genesis and ways of its formation, as well as the concepts and general provisions of pre-trial investigation. Section 2 deals with the analysis of the legal regulation of pre-trial investigation, in particular the legal regulation of investigative (investigative) actions and the peculiarities of stopping and ending pre-trial investigation. Section 3 explores the organizational and legal problems of pre-trial investigation bodies and ways of improving the legal regulation of pre-trial investigation at the current stage of development of Ukrainian legislation. The scientific novelty of the work is that: 1) the result of the research determined that the pre-trial investigation is a stage of criminal proceedings, which begins from the moment of entering information about a criminal offense in the Unified register of pre-trial investigations and ends with the closure of criminal proceedings or referral to trial , petition for application of compulsory measures of medical or educational character, petition for release of a person from criminal responsibility (p. 30); 2) it is established that investigative (investigative) actions are regulated by criminal procedural law procedural actions carried out by an authorized person and represent a set of search, cognitive and witnessing operations aimed at obtaining (gathering) evidence or verifying evidence already obtained in a specific criminal proceeding (p. 51); 3) it is proposed to adopt the Law “On the system of pretrial investigation of Ukraine and the status of investigators” (p. 70). The main provisions and conclusions of the work were discussed at the XII International Scientific-Practical Conference "Improvement of Legal and SocioEconomic Mechanisms of Decentralization of the Regions of Ukraine" (Chernihiv, April 15, 2020).
24
Patterson, Debra Ann. "Constructing justice how the interactions between victims and detectives affect the quality of rape investigations /". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Garforth, Tayne. "Serial robbery: An investigation into the variations of offence behaviour and implications for inferring offender characteristics". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/252.
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This research investigates whether and to what extent the thematic structure of robbery offence behaviours identified in L. Alison, W. Rockett, S. Deprez & S. Watts, 2000 is replicated for an Australian sample of serial robbers. Offence variables representing variations in the degree of planning (proactive-reactive) and self-control (rational-impulsive) were examined from a sample of offences obtained from 91 serial robbery offenders using data obtained from police Offence Reports in Western Australia. A Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) tended to support the relevance of these psychological processes to robbery behaviour and considered to offer a meaningful basis for distinguishing between robbery offences according to three narrative themes. However, the thematic structure of the "Amateur" robber (identified in previous research as "Bandits") differed in some respects from that proposed by Alison et al. (2000). This research further aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that proposes the consistency of these themes as a function of narrative roles. Overall, a total of 78 cases (85. 7%) were found to exhibit the same 'pure' or hybrid theme across at least two of the three offences committed in the series and considered to provide some support to the hypothesis that the SSA structure represents the dominant themes underlying robbery behaviour and the utility of narrative theory as a useful framework in explaining variations in offence behaviour. Whilst results indicated that offence behaviour of individual robbers were consistent with the themes underlying differences in robber styles, the examination of specific offence variables using Cochran' s Q tests and frequency analysis suggests that some caution must be incorporated into investigative strategies involving the use of single behavioural indicators in the identification of serial offenders and offence linking. Whilst these results have implications for research methods that focus on identifying clusters of behaviours that reflect meaningful aspects of "personality", the nature of behavioural consistency suggests that this robber typology may be improved with further investigation of situational factors influencing crime scene behaviour in order to achieve the development of a more productive model for contemporary offender profiling.
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Burkey, Chris Rush, Tusty ten Bensel i Jeffery T. Walker. "Forensic Investigation of Sex Crimes and Sexual Offenders". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://www.amzn.com/0323228046.
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The investigation of sex crimes is a specific function for many law enforcement agencies, requiring an understanding of how to investigate, process crime scenes, interact with victims and offenders, and prepare for court. Drawing on new methods of investigation and the effects of such crimes on victims, Forensic Investigation of Sex Crimes and Sexual Offenders provides in-depth coverage in these areas, offering a valuable supplement for criminal justice courses and an accessible guide for law enforcement.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1134/thumbnail.jpg
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Ask, Karl. "Criminal investigation : motivation, emotion and cognition in the processing of evidence /". Göteborg : Dept. of Psychology Göteborg Univ, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/513716297.pdf.
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Osisiogu, Udo Chikezie. "Criminal fraud : an investigation into the manipulation of trust and confidence". Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5425.
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Buisman, Caroline Madeline. "Ascertainment of the truth in international criminal justice". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6555.
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This thesis seeks to answer the principal question as to whether international criminal justice systems can serve as adequate truth-ascertaining forums. In doing so, it reviews the practice of three international criminal justice systems: the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It is not the purpose of this research to review the black letter law adopted and applied by these international tribunals and court, but rather to review the implementation of the legal principles in practice. It is a socio-legal research project which focuses on the practice of the tribunals and court. It discusses socio-legal, institutional and political issues relating to the ascertainment of the truth in international criminal justice. In addition, it examines the gaps between the theory and practice of ascertaining the truth in the ICTY, ICTR and ICC. It does so principally by exploring the roles of the parties, participants and judges in ascertaining the truth. This includes the obstacles they face in doing so and the responses given, if any, to accommodate these difficulties. Challenges include the politicised climate of most post-conflict societies, the remoteness of the crime base areas from the seat of the Court, the lack of enforcement mechanisms and reliance on State cooperation, as well as the unfamiliarities with the cultural and linguistic features of the affected communities. This thesis reveals that these difficulties are not the principal cause of truth-searching impediments. Indeed, it is asserted that the ascertainment of the truth can be fair and effective notwithstanding these difficulties. It also demonstrates that truth-ascertaining impediments are mainly caused by failures to adequately investigate the crimes and relevant evidence. At the ICTY, investigations have been carried out in the most efficient and fair manner possible under the circumstances. By contrast, the ICTR and ICC investigations are far from adequate and should be improved. The Prosecution should make more efforts to obtain the best evidence available. It further concludes that international justice systems have set their goals too highly. Instead of seeking to meet objectives such as reconciliation, peace and security, they should restrict their focus to the question as to whether the guilt of a particular accused has been established in respect of the crimes charged.
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Nunes, Marcelo Alves. "Duração razoável da investigação criminal: uma garantia fundamental do investigado". Universidade Nove de Julho, 2013. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1237.
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The proposition of constitutional guarantees in the criminal investigation stage is undoubtedly a significant progress in building a more ethical and fairer criminal case, consistent with republican values embodied in the Constitution of 1988. Thus, as an Estate institution, the Judicial Police has been ideologically remodeled, assuming a more guaranteed conformation in this constitutionalist era of law. This is because, in the early stage of the police investigation, the investigated might suffer serious restrictions on their nuclear legal heritage, as an example of dignity, freedom, intimacy and equity. Indeed, the choice of the legislature by the rule of non-term research officer [not only] demands immediate review, since the lack of regulatory control over the investigative acts fosters abuse of the Estate-police rather than expensive state values of the human person. As a reaction, the guarantee of reasonable duration of administrative procedures, constitutionally erected a fundamental right by EC 45/2004 (CF, art. 5th, inc. LXXVIII), points to the urgent need for critical revisiting of the criminal investigation, taken as a whole, since the delay in the completion of the procedure exacerbates feelings of distress and unfairly stigmatizes the investigated person, on whom an anticipated punishment, that cannot be confirmed by the State court, in a subsequent procedural step of the persecution criminis. Using the timing of the criminal investigation as its centerpiece, this study was initiated, from elementary concepts, positive legislation (ordinary and constitutional), the case law, the phenomenon of constitutionalization of law and specialized doctrine. In the exploration of the object of knowledge, related juridical aspects of sensitive relevance to the subject have not been left aside, especially the unintended consequences of investigation for the penal action, the possible defenses of the subject of prosecution, and the liability of the State and its agents, complementing and enriching excessively theoretical arguments submitted to reflection.
A proposição de garantias constitucionais na fase de investigação criminal constitui, sem dúvida, significativo avanço na construção de um processo penal mais ético e justo, consentâneo com os valores republicanos materializados na Constituição Federal de 1988. E assim, como instituição de Estado, a Polícia Judiciária vem sendo ideologicamente remodelada, assumindo conformação mais garantista nesta era constitucionalista do direito. Isso porque, na prematura fase do inquérito policial, é possível o investigado sofrer sérias restrições em seu patrimônio jurídico nuclear, com afetação de sua dignidade, liberdade, intimidade e patrimônio. Com efeito, a opção do legislador pela regra do não-prazo em matéria de investigação policial [e não só] reclama imediata revisão, vez que a ausência de controle normativo sobre os atos investigatórios fomenta abuso do Estado-polícia em detrimento de caros valores da pessoa humana. Como reação, a garantia da duração razoável dos procedimentos administrativos, constitucionalmente erigida à categoria de direito fundamental pela EC n. 45/2004 (CF, art. 5º, inc. LXXVIII), aponta a premente necessidade de revisitação crítica da investigação criminal, considerada em seu conjunto, posto que a demora na conclusão do procedimento agrava o sentimento de angústia e estigmatiza injustamente a pessoa investigada, a quem é infligida antecipadamente uma pena que poderá não ser confirmada pelo Estado-juiz, em etapa subsequente da persecutio criminis. Tomada a tempestividade da investigação criminal como eixo central, foi desenvolvido o presente estudo acadêmico, a partir de conceitos elementares, da legislação positivada (ordinária e constitucional), da jurisprudência, do fenômeno da constitucionalização do direito e da doutrina especializada. Na exploração do objeto de conhecimento, não foram olvidados aspectos jurídicos correlatos, de sensível relevância para o assunto, notadamente as consequências da investigação intempestiva para a ação penal, as possíveis defesas do sujeito da persecução, e a responsabilidade civil do Estado e de seus agentes, complementando e enriquecendo sobremaneira os argumentos teóricos submetidos à reflexão.
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Garcia, Alessandra Dias. "O juiz das garantias e a investigação criminal". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-23092015-092831/.
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A imprescindibilidade da atuação do magistrado na fase preliminar da persecução penal como garantidor dos direitos fundamentais do investigado é inegável. A consecução desse mister acarreta, porém, o comprometimento da imparcialidade objetiva do juiz para o julgamento do mérito. A atribuição das funções de atuar na fase de investigação preliminar e durante o processo a julgadores distintos foi o caminho que muitos ordenamentos trilharam para lidar com essa problemática. A mesma solução foi adotada pelo Projeto de Código de Processo Penal brasileiro PLS nº 156/2009, ao prever a figura do juiz das garantias, responsável pelo controle da legalidade da investigação criminal e pela salvaguarda dos direitos individuais. Essa figura, consentânea ao principio acusatório consagrado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, assegura a imparcialidade de forma muito mais efetiva, preservando o distanciamento do julgador dos elementos colhidos durante a investigação criminal.The indispensability of the judges involvement in the preliminary stage of criminal prosecution as a guarantor of the inquired person fundamentals rights is undeniable. However, this intervention compromises the impartiality of the judge on the judgment of the merits. The allocation of duties to act to different judges in the preliminary investigation phase and during the case was the way that many law systems have fallowed to handle this problem. The same solution was adopted by the Bill of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure PLS nº 156/2009. The Bill provides the figure of the guarantee judge, which controls the legality of the criminal investigation and ensures the protection of individual rights. The guarantee judde, in accordance to the accusatory principle settleed in the Federal Constitution, assures a more effective impartiality preserving the distance of the judge from elements collected during criminal investigation.
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Wallace, Wayne A. "The Effect of Confirmation Bias on Criminal Investigative Decision Making". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/407.
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Confirmation bias occurs when a person believes in or searches for evidence to support his or her favored theory while ignoring or excusing disconfirmatory evidence and is disinclined to change his or her belief once he or she arrives at a conclusion. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether emotionally charged evidence and evidence presentation order could influence an investigator's belief in a suspect's guilt. The study included 166 sworn police officers (basic training recruits, patrol officers, and criminal investigators) who completed online surveys in response to criminal vignettes across different scenarios to record their measure of guilt belief. Analysis of variance was used to assess the relationship between the 3 independent variables: duty assignment (recruit, patrol, investigator), scenario condition (child and adult sexual assault), and evidence presentation order (sequential, simultaneous, reverse sequential). The dependent variable was confirmation bias (Likert-scaled 0-10 guilt judgment). According to the study results, confirmation bias was least evident in criminal investigators with more experience and training, and both emotion and evidence presentation order can influence guilt judgment. The findings generalize to criminal investigators and attest to the importance of working to include and exclude suspects and to withhold judgment until all available evidence is analyzed. Investigators benefit from this study and through their improved decision making, society benefits as well. This study will contribute to the need for professional dialogue concerning objective fact finding by criminal investigators and avoiding incidents of wrongful conviction.
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Jacobsen, Dawn. "Classification of Toolmark Surfaces on Zipper Teeth". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2248/.
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This study proposes the classification of the toolmark under the heads of zipper teeth as a subclass characteristic as outlined by the Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners (AFTE). Two separate cases in which zipper teeth were found at crime scenes prompted this study. Brass zipper teeth manufactured by YKK were taken from 20 pairs of jeans and studied using a Reichert comparison microscope at 4X power. Photographs were taken and over 750 comparisons made. It was found that the toolmarks on each side on the 20 zippers were unique and independent of all other sides. The observations made in this study indicate that classifying zipper teeth toolmarks as a subclass characteristic is valid.
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Rule, Samantha Elizabeth. "A Framework for using Open Source intelligence as a Digital Forensic Investigative tool". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017937.
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The proliferation of the Internet has amplified the use of social networking sites by creating a platform that encourages individuals to share information. As a result there is a wealth of information that is publically and easily accessible. This research explores whether open source intelligence (OSINT), which is freely available, could be used as a digital forensic investigative tool. A survey was created and sent to digital forensic investigators to establish whether they currently use OSINT when performing investigations. The survey results confirm that OSINT is being used by digital forensic investigators when performing investigations but there are currently no guidelines or frameworks available to support the use thereof. Additionally, the survey results showed a belief amongst those surveyed that evidence gleaned from OSINT sources is considered supplementary rather than evidentiary. The findings of this research led to the development of a framework that identifies and recommends key processes to follow when conducting OSINT investigations. The framework can assist digital forensic investigators to follow a structured and rigorous process, which may lead to the unanimous acceptance of information obtained via OSINT sources as evidentiary rather than supplementary in the near future.
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Justis, Gregory G. "Images of legitimacy presentation of forensics programming in contemporary news publications /". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Montesh, Moses. "A critical analysis of crime investigative system within the South African criminal justice system: a comparative study". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1272.
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With the establishment of the Directorate of Special Operations (Scorpions), the Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU), the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) and the Departmental Investigating Unit (DIU), questions were asked as to whether this is a creation of new units of the Police Service. These questions were exaggerated by the fact that the media uses the term "Scorpions" whenever the Scorpions, the AFU, SIU and the DIU perform their functions.
South African legislation that governs organised crime does not demarcate activities to be dealt with by the SAPS, AFU, DIU, Scorpions and the SIU. The Constitution of South Africa lays down the objects of the police, but it is silent about the objectives of the Scorpions, AFU, SIU, DIU and other investigative institutions except that it only mentions the creation of a single National Prosecuting Authority (NPA).
A literature study was used as the basis for this study. In addition, unstructured interviews and observation were used to gather evidence from the relevant stakeholders. An analysis of the SAPS Detective Service, the Special Investigating Unit (SIU), the Scorpions, the Departmental Investigating Unit (DIU) of the Department of Correctional Services and the Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU), was done in order to establish the overlapping of functions.
Indeed, overlapping was discovered between the Scorpions and the SAPS Detective Service, the AFU and the SIU, as well as between the SAPS and the DIU. In order to make a proper finding, an analysis was done of anti-corruption agencies in Botswana, Nigeria, Malawi and Hong Kong. The findings indicate that the better way of fighting corruption, fraud, economic and financial crimes, is through the establishment of a single agency that will work independently from the police, with a proper jurisdiction.Criminology
D.Litt. et Phil.(Police Science)
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Pinho, Filho Ossian Bezerra. "Investigação criminal tecnológica". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/132852.
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Dissertação de mestrado com vistas à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Direito e Segurança, pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Nova de LisboaO presente estudo objetiva analisar a possibilidade de o Estado brasileiro fazer uso da técnica de infiltração por malware na busca e recolha de dados informáticos para fins de investigação criminal, bem como os requisitos e os limites para a utilização desse método especial de investigação em ambiente digital. Para tanto, aborda a investigação criminal entre a eficiência e a proteção dos direitos fundamentais; discute a investigação criminal tecnológica e as limitações condicionadas pelo direito probatório; e discute a possibilidade de uso da infiltração por malware nas investigações informáticas levando-se em conta a experiência do direito comparado, a liberdade probatória e a legalidade dos métodos inovadores de investigação criminal em face do direito fundamental à reserva da intimidade da vida privada, o direito ao segredo das comunicações, o direito à autodeterminação informacional, o direito à integridade e o direito à confiabilidade dos sistemas informáticos. Foi visto que os métodos tradicionais de investigação criminal se mostram insuficientes para ultrapassar as dificuldades impostas à persecução criminal nesse complexo ambiente da atual sociedade em rede e em risco. É inevitável, portanto, que haja uma reação do sistema jurídico no sentido de permitir que o Estado-persecutor utilize-se dos avanços tecnológicos que impliquem investigações mais invasivas e insidiosas aos direitos fundamentais, para fazer frente à paralela evolução de práticas criminosas mais graves. Do exposto, concluiu-se pela possibilidade de uso do malware estatal como um dos meios de investigação ou de obtenção de prova por meio de intervenção legislativa com vistas à criação de um regime jurídico específico para o uso de malware estatal nas investigações criminais, definindo e delimitando o âmbito de utilização dessa ferramenta tecnológica a partir de critérios de justificação constitucional para a restrição dos direitos fundamentais envolvidos. Não obstante, na ausência de um regime legal específico, incumbe ao Poder Judiciário a avaliação casuística da possibilidade de autorizar o recurso ao malware estatal, enquanto medida investigativa inovadora, para compensar o déficit legislativo, em casos excepcionalmente desafiadores, decorrente da interpretação extensiva ou aplicação analógica de outros instrumentos já consolidados no ordenamento jurídico, obedecidos os mandamentos da excepcionalidade, provisoriedade, proporcionalidade e rígido controle judicial.
The present study aims to analyze the possibility for the Brazilian State to use the technique of infiltration by malware in the search and collection of computer data for criminal investigation purposes, as well as the requirements and limits for the use of this special investigation method in a digital environment. To this end, it addresses the criminal investigation between efficiency and the protection of fundamental rights; discusses the technological criminal investigation and the limitations conditioned by the evidential law; and discusses the possibility of using malware infiltration in computer investigations taking into account the experience of comparative law, probative freedom and the legality of innovative methods of criminal investigation in view of the fundamental right to reserve the privacy of privacy, the right to confidentiality of communications, the right to informational self-determination, the right to integrity and the right to reliability of computer systems. It was seen that traditional methods of criminal investigation are insufficient to overcome the difficulties imposed on criminal prosecution in this complex environment of today's networked and at-risk society. It is inevitable, therefore, that there should be a reaction from the legal system in order to allow the persecuting State to use technological advances that imply more invasive and insidious investigations of fundamental rights, in order to face the parallel evolution of more serious criminal practices. From the above, it was concluded that it is possible to use state malware as one of the means of investigation or to obtain evidence through legislative intervention with a view to creating a specific legal regime for the use of state malware in criminal investigations, defining and delimiting the scope of use of this technological tool based on constitutional justification criteria for the restriction of the fundamental rights involved. However, in the absence of a specific legal regime, the Judiciary is responsible for the casuistic assessment of the possibility of authorizing the use of state malware, as an innovative investigative measure, to compensate for the legislative deficit, in exceptionally challenging cases, resulting from extensive interpretation or application analogous to other instruments already consolidated in the legal system, obeying the commandments of exceptionality, provisionality, proportionality and strict judicial control.
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Chun-Min, Chen, i 陳俊閔. "Entrapment Investigation in The Criminal Procedure". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9q4p83.
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宋奕賢. "Digital Tracks Applied to Criminal Investigation". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pz568z.
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Silva, Josefina Martins Brito Figueiroa da. "A Recolha de Vestígios Biológicos com Finalidades de Investigação Criminal- A Decisão (Im) Ponderada do Juíz de Instrução de Instrução Criminal". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85916.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoO título da presente tese sugere, desde logo, o objeto de estudo que nos propusemos descortinar e compreender: o papel que ao juiz de instrução criminal cabe desempenhar na aplicação do regime legal relativo à recolha de vestígios biológicos para fins de investigação criminal. Ao longo da dissertação, será presença constante a tensão existente entre o interesse público na descoberta da verdade material e a proteção de direitos fundamentais dos sujeitos aquando da existência de uma necessidade processual em obter perfis de ADN. As questões com que nos ocuparemos girarão em torno do consentimento (ou da falta dele) na recolha de material genético, na dimensão ratione personae do problema debatido (arguido versus suspeito) e dos princípios norteadores pelos quais se deverá guiar a decisão do juiz de instrução criminal nas diligências instrutórias que envolvam a matéria ora perscrutada.O título da presente tese sugere, desde logo, o objeto de estudo que nos propusemos descortinar e compreender: o papel que ao juiz de instrução criminal cabe desempenhar na aplicação do regime legal relativo à recolha de vestígios biológicos para fins de investigação criminal. Ao longo da dissertação, será presença constante a tensão existente entre o interesse público na descoberta da verdade material e a proteção de direitos fundamentais dos sujeitos aquando da existência de uma necessidade processual em obter perfis de ADN. As questões com que nos ocuparemos girarão em torno do consentimento (ou da falta dele) na recolha de material genético, na dimensão ratione personae do problema debatido (arguido versus suspeito) e dos princípios norteadores pelos quais se deverá guiar a decisão do juiz de instrução criminal nas diligências instrutórias que envolvam a matéria ora perscrutada
The title of this thesis suggests, first of all, the object of study that we intend to discover and understand: the role that the criminal investigating judge should play in applying the legal regime regarding the collection of biological traces for the purpose of criminal investigation. Throughout the dissertation, the tension between the public interest in the discovery of material truth and the protection of the subjects' fundamental rights will be constant presence when there is a procedural need in obtaining DNA profiles. The issues we will be dealing with will be the consent (or lack thereof) in the collection of genetic material, the ratione personae dimension of the problem debated (accused versus suspect) and the guiding principles which will determine the decision of the criminal investigating judge when faced with this matter.The title of this thesis suggests, first of all, the object of study that we intend to discover and understand: the role that the criminal investigating judge should play in applying the legal regime regarding the collection of biological traces for the purpose of criminal investigation. Throughout the dissertation, the tension between the public interest in the discovery of material truth and the protection of the subjects' fundamental rights will be constant presence when there is a procedural need in obtaining DNA profiles. The issues we will be dealing with will be the consent (or lack thereof) in the collection of genetic material, the ratione personae dimension of the problem debated (accused versus suspect) and the guiding principles which will determine the decision of the criminal investigating judge when faced with this matter.
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Sefanyetso, Justice Thabang. "Personal description : an investigation technique to identify suspects". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3618.
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This study investigates the use of personal description as an investigation technique to identify suspects. The study entails qualitative data obtained from interviews with investigators, literature, as well as case studies. The study found that personal description can be used as an investigation technique to identify suspects.
There are eight techniques that the investigator should apply in order to identify suspects or perpetrators of a criminal act. To conduct effective investigation, it is important for the criminal investigators to be familiar with the techniques of identification and the application thereof.
The description of offenders plays an important role as far as arresting offenders is concerned. The methods used - or to be used - by investigators to describe a person were also discussed. It is important that the investigators should work with other government departments, private investigators and security officials, to implement this technique in order to identify and arrest offenders.Police Practice
(M. Tech (Forensic Investigation))
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李文章. "Application to Criminal Investigation Using Digital Information". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jz685z.
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Sheng, Lin Jhy, i 林志盛. "The Study of Managment of Criminal Investigation". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v4f79v.
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Li, Sin Ruei, i 李欣芮. "The Investigation Principles of the Criminal Court". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14167132662326463823.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
科技法律研究所
102
Implement the presumption of innocence,the prosecutor should be the fact that the defendant bear the burden of proof of crime, the evidence the court investigation is led by the parties to the court only needs to be clarified in the truth,or is to safeguard the vital interests of fairness and justice and the defendant only when the launch Terms of investigation of evidence. In addition to judges and prosecutors to clarify the distinction between the powers and responsibilities, highlighting the concept of a fair court,but also help to find the truth. Since the consummation of Second Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court in 2012 was done to explain Article 163 of Criminal ProcedureCode,modified adversary system for the criminal litigation system has become the most important principle of the Criminal Procedure. According to the present practice of trial,protecting the defendants’rights on purpose,the court may need surving evidence by inquisitorial investigation,the shortcoming is too partial toward protecting the defendants’right, may count against justice. Terms of survey evidence, the prosecutor should be the fact that the burden of proof of crime, the court investigation is led by the parties to the court only needs to be clarified in the truth,or is to safeguard the vital interests of fairness and justice and the defendant only when the launch Terms of investigation of evidence. The best way to solve the difficulty is talking the adversary system into consideration,Article163 of Criminal Procedure Code should be amended: 「If the evidence has probably been investigated,it's necessary for the court to focus on truth-finding, the court should give explicit instructions to the parties,they certainly ask for surving evidence.」
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蔡美芝. "A Study on the Special Criminal Investigation". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82777378726495697997.
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Tsai, Chia-Yen, i 蔡嘉晏. "Wrongful Convictions: Tunnel Vision in Criminal Investigation". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/264gbd.
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碩士國立交通大學
科技法律研究所
107
Governmental misconduct, including coercive interrogation, suggestive eyewitness identification, and biased forensic science evidence, is regarded as one of the leading causes of wrongful convictions. Oftentimes these errors are honest mistakes, however, from investigators affected by “tunnel vision” as all human beings. Under tunnel vision, investigators would search for information consistent with their own hypotheses, overlook facts that point to alternative suspects, and focus on the suspect even if contradictory evidence exists. While tunnel vision is a natural phenomenon of human beings, it can be reinforced by rules and institutional pressures. First, in terms of questioning of suspects, the accusatorial model of interrogation, which encourages interrogators to use psychological tools to obtain a confession once they spot signals of deception from a suspect, can reinforce tunnel vision and lead to false confessions. Likewise, suggestive eyewitness identification procedures can lead witnesses to misidentify innocent people. In such situation, for instance, if a lineup is biased against a suspect, a witness may select whoever stands out in the lineup. Last but not least, forensic scientists may identify themselves as scientific crime fighters, be biased by contextual information, and thus interpret results of experiment favoring the prosecution. To reduce negative consequences that occur during tunnel vision, legislative reforms are required. The thesis proposes “investigative interview” as the best practice in questing of suspects; investigators should aim at “searching of information” rather than “obtaining a confession”, and treat suspects with trust and respect. For eyewitness identification, the best practice includes neutral eyewitness identification instructions, implementation of double-blind procedure, and prohibition of repeating identification procedures. To ensure the quality of forensic evidence, Standard Operating Procedures in laboratories, for instance blind testing and Linear Sequential Unmasking, are recommended. Chapter 1 outlines objectives and research methods of the thesis. Chapter 2 discusses the causes of tunnel vision in three parts. Chapter 3 then compares between accusatorial model of interrogation and investigative interview. In chapter 4, how suggestive eyewitness identification procedures may influence eyewitness identification decisions are discussed. Chapter 5 analyzes two possible factors that affect reliability and validity of forensic science evidence: role effect and contextual information. Chapter 6 is the conclusion of the thesis.
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O’Shea, BJ. "The investigation and prosecution of cyberstalking in Australia". Thesis, 2022. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/47657/.
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The role of technology in enabling stalking is a growing area of concern for police. Until recently the primary focus has been on traditional offline stalking, however cyberstalking is an equally serious and harmful problem. Electronic or Internet capable devices are used to harass victims of cyberstalking and their daily routines can be monitored with tracking software, listening devices, ‘stalker apps’, global positioning systems (GPS) and so forth. Cyberstalkers can covertly monitor current or former intimate partners with very little risk of detection. The purpose of the current study is three-fold: to use the perspectives of criminal investigators and prosecutors to define cyberstalking in Australia, outline any similarities and differences between online and offline stalking, and to explore how cyberstalking is policed across different Australian jurisdictions. Definitional differences have implications on what cyberstalking is and, consequently, how the police respond.
This study employs a mixed-methods research design, which is the first of its kind to interview police with high levels of experience in the policing of cyberstalking. The study comprises three phases: (1) preliminary interviews with five police investigators and prosecutors in one jurisdiction, (2) an analysis of 39 reported criminal cases and judges’ sentencing remarks in two jurisdictions, (3) follow-up interviews and focus groups with 23 police investigators, prosecutors, digital forensic examiners, and family violence policy officers in three jurisdictions. The findings in this study map out the process from the initial report of the incident to the preparation of the prosecution brief.
Key findings of the study indicate that there are definitional, procedural, legislative, evidentiary, and victim safety challenges for police in the investigation and prosecution of cyberstalking. The study notes that the definition of cyberstalking varies across jurisdictions, among relevant stakeholders (e.g., police investigators, prosecutors, digital forensic examiners, policy officers and researchers) and individuals within these groups. Definitional challenges result from trying to capture an exhaustive list of computer or other Internet-capable devices and their associated criminal activities. Procedural challenges stem from the initial reporting stage of cyberstalking investigations, and accurately recording a pattern of behaviour and not isolated incidents. Whereas legislative challenges reflect the need for adaptation to new technology under existing frameworks. Several evidentiary challenges are present in the investigation and prosecution of cyberstalking including difficulties of social media companies and Internet service providers not cooperating with police, and the subsequent impact of police relying on evidence gathered by victims. Victim safety challenges show signs of rushed implementation of proactive policing measures.
Additionally, the study reveals that the majority of cyberstalking cases are perpetrated online and offline, and that even those cases that appear to be wholly online include situated aspects of the offending. Iterative and reflexive mapping should be adopted for cyberstalking investigations to facilitate continuous risk and safety planning online and offline. The court records in multiple jurisdictions indicate that 91% of cyberstalking is perpetrated by a current or former intimate partner. Court records also indicate that the majority of cyberstalking offenders are men (93%), and that most victims are women (87%). In the remaining 13% of cases, up to four victims are reported, which include a combination of both men and women.
This analysis positions cyberstalking investigations as an interesting case study in the midst of the National Summit on Women’s Safety in Australia, and increased scrutiny about the way that police investigate technology-facilitated abuse. On the basis of the findings in this study it is suggested that police departments consider training frontline officers on technology-driven changes to criminal behaviour as they are responsible for taking the initial report and collecting evidence. The role of police education is pivotal as police understandings of technological advancements differ between pre-digital (‘digital immigrants’) and post digital (‘digital natives’). Overall, to address reoccurring problems (here: cyberstalking) this study is supplemented by an in-depth longitudinal program evaluation highlighting the need to enhance police-academic partnerships.
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Maharaj, Udesh. "The importance of DNA as an investigation tool". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10493.
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This study has a twofold purpose in that it attempts to identify how knowledgeable investigators are about the collection and use of DNA in relation to the building of a criminal case, and to establish how optimally DNA as evidence is utilised. The study has revealed several shortcomings which render the use of DNA evidence inadmissible in criminal proceedings. The researcher also analysed other aspects relating to DNA evidence, namely: identification, individualisation, criminal investigation, forensic investigation, and objectives of criminal investigation.
For criminal investigators to be successful in their investigation of cases involving DNA, it is imperative for them to have a clear understanding of the basic concepts surrounding DNA investigations and the value of DNA evidence. It is submitted that, because of a lack of knowledge in DNA-related investigations by detectives, a lack of training in DNA-related cases and delays in the collection of DNA evidence, valuable evidence is often lost and/or contaminated. This causes such evidence to become inadmissible in criminal proceedings, and has a negative impact on the conviction rate for such crimes.Preface in English and Afrikaans
Hierdie studie het ’n tweevoudige doel in die poging om te identifiseer hoe kundig ondersoekers is aangaande die insameling en gebruik van DNA in terme van die bou van ’n kriminele saak en die vasstel van hoe DNA optimal [sic] as bewys gebruik kan word. Die studie het getoon dat daar verskeie tekortkominge is wat teweeg gebring het dat die gebruik van DNA bewys onaanvaarbaar was in kriminele prosedure. Die navorser het ook ander aspekte geanaliseer aangaande DNA bewyse, naamlik: identifikasie, individualisering van onderwerpe tydens ondersoek, kriminele ondersoek, forensiese ondersoek, en die aspekte van kri-minele ondersoeke. Vir die kriminele ondersoekers om suksesvol te wees in hulle ondersoek van sake waarby DNA betrokke is, is dit vir hulle van kardinale belang om ’n suiwere begrip van die basiese konsep rondom DNA ondersoeke en die waarde van DNA bewyse te hê. Dit is voortgebring dat, as gevolg van die tekort aan kennis in DNA ondersoeke, asook opleiding van DNA-sake by die speurders, en vertraging in die versameling van DNA bewysstukke, waardevolle bewyse is telkens verlore of gekontamineer. Dit veroorsaak dat sulke bewyse verwerp word in kriminele prosesse, en het ’n negatiewe impak op die vonnis statestieke [sic] vir sulke misdade.
Criminology
M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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古新民. "A Study of Criminal Investigation on Internet Gambling". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8y59re.
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Thulani, Nhlabatsi Menzi, i 孟沛思. "Criminal Investigation Officers’ Attitudes Towards Rape in Swaziland". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/295hd3.
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碩士中央警察大學
刑事警察研究所
104
Abstract Police officers play a critical role in dealing with rape cases, so gaining insight towards police attitudes and perceptions can help to develop better intervention programs aimed at maximising the reporting of rape and also equipping police officers with more skills in dealing with the rape survivors’ thus combating sexual violence. Sexual abuse of girls and women has been associated with long term mental and physical health consequences, including educational setbacks, psychological troubles and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) transmission, all of which contribute to the social and economic concerns currently faced in Swaziland. This study is framed on the following questions: Do the officers in the Royal Swaziland Police Service (RSP) understand why the Domestic Violence, Child Protection and Sexual Offences Unit (DCS) was established? Do RSP officers posses misogyny and rape supportive beliefs or attitudes? The current study discussed gender stereotypes, the feminist perspective towards rape, rape myths plus the impact of rape on the survivors and police culture. These concepts were discussed with the purpose of investigating what motivates police attitudes towards rape victims. This current research used the Rape Attitude and Myth Scale (RAMS) which was developed from a number of different rape attitude scales. The sample was chosen from officers serving under two departments; the criminal investigation department N = 55 and the general duty department N = 35. The total number of the subjects approached was N = 90. The criminal investigation officers were the target group of the research while the general duty officers were the comparison group of the research. Results revealed that male officers’ attitudes toward women were indirectly related to rape perceptions through rape survivor myths. DCS officers have less endorsement of rape myths than Occurrence Book Keepers (OBKs). Results also revealed that female officers have less endorsements of gender stereotypes, rape myths and police culture than male officers from both the gender differences and the departmental differences. Finding out that some officers in the RSP have rape supportive beliefs and attitudes will add value in contributing to the understanding of a possible predictor of HIV transmission and the increase in the number of unreported rape cases and the difficulty in prosecuting these cases due to inconclusive evidence. The implications of these findings for practice and policy are discussed, including the need for Swaziland’s legal system to recognise the need for self-determination and for police training to be better targeted. Keywords Rape, Domestic Violence, Child Protection and Sexual Offences Unit (DCS), Occurrence Book Keepers (OBKs), Gender Stereotypes, Rape Myths.