Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Crime”
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1
Evtushenko, I. I. "SITUATION AND ANALYSIS OF CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA (FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2015 TO 2020)". Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), nr 3 (1) (2022): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-170-180.
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A criminological analysis of the situation and dynamics of crime against property in the Republic of Crimea (for the period from 2015 to 2020) in comparison with all-Russian indicators and indicators of the Southern Federal District was carried out, similar features and differences were identified, an attempt was made to study the causal complex, events in the Republic of Crimea that could affect the dynamics and level of mercenary crime in different periods of time. The analysis was carried out for each type of crimes against property provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in their interrelation, as well as an analysis of the situation as a whole. In this connection, the author analyzed crimes against property according to two criminological indicators: the dynamics is an absolute indicator of the total number of registered acts for the period from 2015 to 2020 inclusive, and the level is a relative indicator of a particular type of crime in the overall crime structure. This approach allowed us to objectively study the criminological indicators of certain types of crimes against property and draw general conclusions, identify patterns that determine the development of the criminal situation in the field of mercenary crime in the Republic of Crimea.
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Potapov, Sergey A. "The significance of the criminal-law and criminalistic concepts of crime in the detection and investigation". Current Issues of the State and Law, nr 18 (2021): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2021-5-18-309-319.
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The relevance of work is due to a comprehensive study of the meaning of the criminal-law and criminalistic concepts of crime in the detection and investigation. The purpose of work is to analyze the criminal-law and criminalistic concepts of crime as systems, as well as to consider their main elements. The implementation of this purpose is achieved by using the laws of dialectics, formal logic and using of general scientific and private scientific research methods. We examine such criminal-law and criminalistic categories as crime, elements and body of crime, criminal activity, and mechanism of committing a crime. We define and study their specific ele-ments, in particular, in the criminal law concept of a crime, such legal catego-ries as “elements of a crime” and “body of crime” are considered. The crimi-nalistic concept of crime is characterized by the criminal activity of the sub-ject, which is investigated through such categories as mechanism of crime, method of committing a crime, situation, mechanism of trace formation, identity of perpetrator, tools and means of crime. We consider the relation-ship of studied characteristics and their significance in solving problems of detection and investigating crimes. We conclude that the comparison of ele-ments of criminal-law and criminalistic concepts of crime allows us to assert that in both cases different elements are considered in importance for them, but in the end they determine one thing – the body of crime.
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Hrynenko, Iryna. "CRIMES OF A CRIME AS CRITERIA FOR CRIME CLASSIFICATIONS". Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law, nr 7 (2019): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313.2019.7.33.
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Fernández Arribas, Gloria. "Crimen de agresión = Crime of aggression". EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad 13 (29.09.2017): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2017.3824.
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Resumen: El crimen de agresión fue incluido como uno de los crímenes de competencia de la Corte Penal Internacional en el Estatuto de Roma, si bien en la actualidad la Corte no ejerce aún la competencia sobre el mismo. La definición del crimen de agresión, así como el régimen de entrada en vigor y ejercicio de la competencia, fue desarrollado en la Resolución 6 adoptada en la Conferencia de Kampala en 2010, mediante la cual se enmienda el Estatuto de la Corte. En este trabajo se analiza, junto con la definición del crimen, el complicado y en ocasiones enrevesado régimen de entrada en vigor y ejercicio de la competencia, que difiere según los asuntos sean remitidos por un Estado miembro o proprio motu, o por el Consejo de Seguridad.Palabras clave: Crimen de agresión, Corte Penal Internacional, entrada en vigor, jurisdicción, inmunidades.Abstract: The crime of aggression was included in the Rome Statute as one of the crimes under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, although the Court has not yet exercised its jurisdiction over this crime. The definition of the crime of aggression, as well as the regimes to entry into force and the exercise of jurisdiction were established in Resolution 6 adopted at the Kampala Conference in 2010, which amended the Rome Statute. This paper analyzes, together with the definition of crime, the complicated and sometimes intricate regime of entry into force and exercise of jurisdiction, which differs regarding whether the cases are referred by a Member State or proprio motu, or by the Security Council.Keywords: Crime of aggression, International Criminal Court, entry into force, jurisdiction, immunities.
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H M, Rakshitha. "CRIME PATTERN PREDICTION USING ML ALGORITHMS". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 05 (27.05.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34713.
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Today the crimes are increasing rapidly that too in a high population countries. So we require automated application to detect crime and prevention. The system should stop crimes before it begins. As crimes are on the rise, preventive measures should be taken to stop the occurring of crimes. Finding frequent crimes and related correlation is tiresome and a high-effort task in the current crime sector. machine learning or AI, is an emerging technology to solve this problem. Previously effective unsupervised learning algorithms datasets for procedural crime training and frequent crimes and their relationships are identified [5]. Designed system created to reduce crime and applicable to crime sector. We build an application anywhere it is useful for criminal sectors to reduce crime. Currently, none of the applications in criminal activity and we use effective data science algorithms to predict crimes with better results. Keywords: Data Science, Machine Learning, Apriori Algorithm, Apriori TID Algorithm, Crime Types, Patterns
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Хорошилова, Ольга, i Ol'ga Khoroshilova. "COMPLETED CRIME". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2017, nr 3 (25.10.2017): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2017-3-78-83.
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The aim of the current research is to analyze the legislative definition of completed crime, to consider the theoretical issues of the comprehension of completed crimes, to define related problems and offer solutions. The methods applied in the research included: analysis, synthesis, comparison, system method. The result achieved can be summed as follows. The paper considers the legislative definition of completed crime and includes different interpretations of this phenomenon. It identifies the disadvantages of existing interpretations and shows possible solutions. The author mentions three main disadvantages of the legislative definition of a completed crime. First, it is the imperfection of the legislative technique and the location of the norm in the chapter which is dedicated to an uncompleted crime. Second, the legislative definition doesn’t allow one to distinguish between completed and uncompleted crimes. Third, there is no indication of the legal nature of a completed crime. The author criticizes the fact that the term “completed crime” is applied only to crimes which are completed with the direct intention. The paper features the author's own definition of a completed crime, which is based on the achievement of the statutory moment of crime completion.
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Kuzmin, Yury A. "SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION AS A KIND OF CRIMINOLOGICAL CRIME PREVENTION". Oeconomia et Jus, nr 3 (30.09.2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2021-3-59-66.
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The article raises the problem of situational crime prevention as a type of criminological crime prevention. The urgency of issues related to situational crime prevention, which is aimed at eliminating conditions directly facilitating crimes, has been substantiated. One of the most effective ways to prevent criminal acts is to eliminate provocations and reduce the possibilities for committing crimes, that is situational crime prevention. Understanding the expected and predictable algorithm of the criminal's actions to commit a crime can be successfully used to develop certain measures that eliminate the possibility of committing a crime and thereby prevent it. Situational crime prevention offers very specific methods of crime prevention that are currently being studied and theorized by progressive criminologists. Particular attention is paid to new theoretical directions in this area, such as identifying the places most susceptible to crime, calculating the algorithm for the actions of criminals and determining the places, routes, the time when criminals gather or carry out their criminal activities. Detailed knowledge of this information gives an idea of where and at what moment police officers can intervene to repress the crime, or take the necessary advance actions to prevent the crime. This method is based on focusing on the place and time of the crime. Crime is never completely random, criminal events and criminal behavior are shaped according to a specific time and place. Thus, the essence of the theory of situational crime prevention is to eliminate provocations, reduce the possibilities of committing crimes and conditions facilitating crimes. Its main purpose is situational crime prevention or security measures.
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Zinovjev, Igor Feliksovich, i Viktor Evgenievich Reutov. "DYNAMICS OF ECONOMIC CRIME MARKERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA". Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., nr 2 (51) (2020): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2020-2-190-200.
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Considering economic crimes (CEC), as a characteristic of the relationship between the factors of the socio-economic life of the territory with crime (reflecting the dynamics of the gap between the needs of the population of the region and the degree of their actual satisfaction), it becomes possible to start modeling the predictive dynamics of emerging and realized trends in the structure of economic crime in the Republic. Crimea. Revealing the territorial specifics of CEC in the region will make it possible to plan measures to concentrate measures of state influence on the sphere of factors that predetermine the predicted dynamics of economic crime and to prevent direct material damage from a possible negative state, functioning and development of the Crimean society. The criminological analysis of quantitative indicators of the dynamics of economic crime (with all the reservations about the incompleteness of the provided statistical data for PES and their distortions) does not allow (with the demanded depth of consideration) to distance the problems of various aspects of accounting for crime in this area and the factors that predetermine its specificity in the region. In order to increase the validity and information richness of the analysis of the territorial specifics of CEC, the author’s calculated «markers» were proposed that reflect one or another aspect of economic crime, as well as dynamic trends in its structure and / or nature. Based on the analysis of marker indicators, a characteristic of the region’s economic crime was compiled and a forecast scenario for the development of trends in the CEC of the Republic of Crimea was proposed.
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Nani Widya Sari, Henny Nuraeny, Oksidelfa Yanto, Guntarto Widodo i Bhanus Prakash Nunna. "Relationship Between Money Laundering Crime and Corruption Crime as Originate Crime From the Criminal Perspective". International Journal of Integrative Sciences 2, nr 12 (28.12.2023): 2055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v2i12.6956.
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The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze an act that can be categorized as a money laundering crime complete with all its elements. Then also understand and analyze the relationship between money laundering crimes and corruption crimes. The research method used is the normative legal research method through literature study with the data source, namely secondary data. The research results show that the crime of money laundering cannot be separated from the original act, namely the crime of corruption. In processing a money laundering crime, it is not necessary to prove the predicate crime first, because the object of the money laundering crime is the assets resulting from the predicate crime
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Padirayon, Lourdes M., Melvin S. Atayan, Jose Sherief Panelo i Carlito R. Fagela, Jr. "Mining the crime data using naïve Bayes model". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, nr 2 (1.08.2021): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp1084-1092.
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<p>A massive number of documents on crime has been handled by police departments worldwide and today's criminals are becoming technologically elegant. One obstacle faced by law enforcement is the complexity of processing voluminous crime data. Approximately 439 crimes have been registered in sanchez mira municipality in the past seven years. Police officers have no clear view as to the pattern crimes in the municipality, peak hours, months of the commission and the location where the crimes are concentrated. The naïve Bayes modelis a classification algorithm using the Rapid miner auto model which is used and analyze the crime data set. This approach helps to recognize crime trends and of which, most of the crimes committed were a violation of special penal laws. The month of May has the highest for index and non-index crimes and Tuesday as for the day of crimes. Hotspots were barangay centro 1 for non-index crimes and barangay centro 2 for index crimes. Most non-index crimes committed were violations of special law and for index crime rape recorded the highest crime and usually occurs at 2 o’clock in the afternoon. The crime outcome takes various decisions to maximize the efficacy of crime solutions.</p>
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Wall, David. "From post-crime to pre-crime: preventing tomorrow's crimes today". Criminal Justice Matters 81, nr 1 (wrzesień 2010): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627251.2010.505396.
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Lama, Swikar, i Sikandar Singh Rathore. "Crime Mapping and Crime Analysis of Property Crimes in Jodhpur". International Annals of Criminology 55, nr 2 (listopad 2017): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2017.11.
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AbstractThis study is based on crime mapping and crime analysis of property crimes in Jodhpur. The property crimes which were selected were house breaking, auto thefts and chain snatching. Data from police stations were used to generate the maps to locate hot spots of crimes. The profile of these hot spots was analyzed through observations supplemented with interviews of police officers and public 100 cases of house breaking and 100 cases of auto thefts were further analyzed to understand the contexts which lead to these crimes. These contexts are in consonance with situational crime prevention theories. This study may help to understand the environmental factors which may be responsible for certain places becoming hot spot areas of property crimes in Jodhpur.
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Amrullah, Mohammad Arief, i Revency Vania Rugebregt. "Counter Measures Criminal Act Of Narcotics". Pattimura Law Journal 1, nr 2 (1.03.2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/palau.v1i2.2016.94.
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Narcotics crimes that are part of organized crime are essentially one of crimes against development and crimes against social welfare that are central to national and international concerns and concerns. It is very reasonable, given the scope and dimensions so vast, that its activities contain features as organized crime, white-collar crime, corporate crime, and transnational crime. In fact, by means of technology can be one form of cyber crime. Based on such characteristics, the impacts and casualties are also very wide for the development and welfare of the community. It can even weaken national resilience.
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Amrullah, Mohammad Arief, i Revency Vania Rugebregt. "Counter Measures Criminal Act Of Narcotics". Pattimura Law Journal 1, nr 2 (31.03.2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/palau.v1i2.94.
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Narcotics crimes that are part of organized crime are essentially one of crimes against development and crimes against social welfare that are central to national and international concerns and concerns. It is very reasonable, given the scope and dimensions so vast, that its activities contain features as organized crime, white-collar crime, corporate crime, and transnational crime. In fact, by means of technology can be one form of cyber crime. Based on such characteristics, the impacts and casualties are also very wide for the development and welfare of the community. It can even weaken national resilience.
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Verkeev, Arseny, i Dmitriy Serebrennikov. "Victims of Their Own Fear: the Perceived Safety and Crime Victim Experience in Russia". Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 22, nr 2 (2023): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-2-179-206.
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In recent decades, criminologists around the world have observed a decrease in the level of crime, especially violent crime, that is, the so-called “great crime drop”. However, the actual safety may not correspond to subjective safety, i.e., how people perceive their safety against various threats. In this article, we use the Russian Crime Victimization Survey(2021) conducted by the Institute for the Rule of Law at the European University at St. Petersburg to study the relationships between fear of crime, and the sociodemographic and the criminological characteristics of the respondents. These data make it possible to assess how the experience of victims of various crimes and their fear of different types of crimes are related. We find that the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and fear of crime in Russia are broadly similar to those observed in other countries. At the same time, we identify a number of noteworthy features regarding crime victims. First, the victim experience increases the level of fear of crime on average. Second, the more serious the crime incidents people have experienced in the past, the higher their level of fear of crime. Third, victims of classic in-person crimes (such as theft or assault) often fear future crime. Moreover, in case of property crime, they tend to fear future property crime but not violence. At the same time, victims of violence can fear future property crime along with violence. The fact that the incident was remote (committed via the Internet or telephone) is not related to the fear of crime. Thus, the fear of “classic” crimes is experienced differently by the victims as compared to remote crimes which poses broader questions about the dynamics of perceived safety and the demand for the law enforcement involvement in the future.
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Plakhtii, V. M., О. А. Leonenko i M. V. Kravets. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY SERVANTS AS ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF COUNTRY SECURITY". Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2022, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.01.103.
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The article is devoted to the study of international legal aspects of the settlement of crimes related to military service and crimes committed during hostilities. The analysis of the international legislation and the legislation of Ukraine, their evolution and development in different periods of history concerning the essence of war crimes is carried out. In addition, it was noted that there are problems in defining the term crime, which in modern criminal law does not have a generally accepted definition. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law. Therefore, a crime is anything that does not comply with the law. One of the proposed definitions is the following: a crime or misdemeanor (criminal offense) is an act that harms not only the individual but also the community, society or state. At the same time, the article mentions the international legal aspect in the regulation of war crimes, namely the Geneva Conventions: the Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War, the Convention for the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, which in 1949 (after World War II) improving the fate of the wounded and sick. Conventions also define acts that are crimes. It is noted that the development of military law has also led to changes in the understanding of the concept of war crime and the introduction of appropriate responsibility for crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in the occupied territories. It is also emphasized that the issue of war is currently the most relevant for the realities of Ukraine and the world as a whole. Namely, the situation with the southern part of our country – Crimea and the events taking place in the east force us to react urgently to new threats and stand in the way of counteracting new problems of criminal law. Key words: military criminal offense, military criminal law, military service, serviceman, criminal liability.
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Jiang, Chuanlu. "The Influence of the Theory of Behavior Crime, Dangerous Crime, Consequential Crime and Purpose Crime on the False Issuance of Special VAT Invoices." International Journal of Social Sciences and Public Administration 3, nr 2 (26.06.2024): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijsspa.v3n2.33.
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In the traditional theory of falsely making out special VAT invoices, it is undoubtedly the crime of falsely making out special VAT invoices by changing votes, but different conclusions will be drawn after introducing new intentional crimes and consequential crimes. In this paper, a more reasonable conclusion is drawn by substituting the method of changing tickets into the new theory of intentional crime and consequential crime.
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Hemant, Koshe Ahana, Mankani Neha Haresh i Sayyed Shafiya Majid. "A Design to Predict and Analyze Crime". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 5 (31.05.2022): 2527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42898.
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Abstract: Crime is one of the dominant and alarming aspect of our society. Over the past few years, the crime rate across globe has increased exponentially. So, preventing the crime from occurring is a vital task. In the recent time, it is seen that artificial intelligence has shown its importance in almost all the field and crime prediction is one of them. However, it is necessary to maintain a proper database of the crime that has occurred. The ability to predict the crime on the basis of time, location and so on which can occur in future can help the law enforcement agencies in preventing the crime before it occurs from a strategical perspective. However, predicting the crime accurately is a challenging task because crimes are increasing at an alarming rate. Thus, the crime prediction and analysis methods are very important to detect the future crimes and reduce them. In Recent time, many researchers have conducted experiments to predict the crimes using various machine learning methods and particular inputs. For crime prediction, KNN, K-means and Random Forest and some other algorithms are used. Our system can predict regions which have high probability for crime occurrence and can visualize crime prone areas. The main purpose is to highlight the worth and effectiveness of machine learning in predicting violent crimes occurring in a particular region in such a way that it can be used by police to reduce crime rates in the society.
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Perkasa, Muhammad Merpi Agung. "Criminologists on The Causal Factors of Unreported Narcotics Crimes". Ius Poenale 4, nr 2 (26.06.2023): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/ip.v4i2.3003.
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Efforts to overcome and eradicate narcotics crimes require community participation, especially in reporting narcotics crimes. Some people don't want to report knowing that there is a narcotic crime. The problem of this research is whether the factors that cause crime do not report the existence of narcotic crime and how our efforts to deal with crime against crime not reporting narcotic crime. This research uses normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches. Data collection procedures were carried out using literature and field studies; the data were analyzed qualitatively to obtain conclusions and suggestions. An example of a crime not reporting the existence of a narcotics crime with permanent legal force is in Decision Number: 522/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Tjk with the defendant Ali Amarsyah Bin Misran being imprisoned for 8 (eight) months because it was proven legally and convincingly committing the crime of Article 114 of the Narcotics Law. The results of the research and discussion show that: Factors that lead to crimes not reporting narcotics crimes consist of the community does not want to deal with legal issues because they are considered to be a hassle for themselves, the community being afraid of the perpetrators of criminal acts and their syndicates which have the potential to threaten the safety of their lives if known reporting narcotics crimes and the lack of public understanding of the legal protection they will get if they report narcotics crimes to law enforcement. Efforts to overcome crime by not reporting the existence of narcotics crimes non-prenatally are by conducting counseling on legal awareness to the public so that people are willing to become reporters of narcotics crimes and provide security and safety guarantees for reporters. Penal efforts are carried out by a process of inquiry and investigation. Investigators take action in matters and according to the manner regulated in this law to seek and collect evidence with that evidence to shed light on the crime that occurred and to find suspects who have not reported a narcotics crime.
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Lakušić, Milovan, Sofija Lolić i Julijana Račić. "Analysis and assessment of money laundering risks". Megatrend revija 19, nr 3 (2022): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2202171l.
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In this paper, money laundering is primarily highlighted as a crime, the concept and essence of this crime. Due to the prevalence of this crime, at the national and international level, the chapter is dedicated to the analysis and assessment of the risk of money laundering, as something that is constantly working on government agencies and international organizations. The crime of money laundering is associated with a large number of crimes against the economy as well as certain corrupt crimes, and it is necessary to determine the degree of danger of other crimes that are committed in order to commit the crime of money laundering. As a crime whose means of execution are constantly adjusted, this crime is most often committed by organized criminal groups, and prevention is extremely important when it comes to this crime.
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KUMAR, S. S. KARTHIK. "Evolution and Growth of Cyber Crimes: An Analys on the Kerala Scenario". GIS Business 14, nr 3 (26.06.2019): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4669.
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Crime is a common word that we always hereof in this era of globalization. Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been associated with man since time immemorial.
Cyber crime is a new type of crime that occurs in these years of Science and Technology. There are a lot of definitions for cyber crime. It is defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. In addition, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes that been conducted with the access of Internet. For example hate crimes, telemarketing Internet fraud, identity theft, and credit card account thefts. In simple word, cyber crime can be defined as any violence action that been conducted by using computer or other devices with the access of internet.
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Burchfield, Keri B. "The Nature of Animal Crime: Scope and Severity in Chicago". Crime & Delinquency 64, nr 14 (13.07.2017): 1904–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717719515.
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This study sought to contribute to our sociological understanding of animal crime. Using Chicago Police Department data that include primary and secondary charges of all animal crimes between 2009 and 2012, findings indicate that most animal crime offenders were male, African American or Hispanic, and under 35 years. When other crimes were committed with animal crime, they were likely drug or weapons offenses. Juveniles arrested for animal crimes tended to commit more severe animal crimes than adult offenders. Finally, regression results indicated that race was positively related to animal crime severity, while concurrent drug offenses were inversely related to animal crime severity. Implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed.
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Jiang, Zongyan. "On Han Fei Tzu’s Thought of Crime Prevention". Asian Social Science 19, nr 6 (22.10.2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v19n6p46.
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Crime prevention refers to the active intervention before the occurrence of crimes. Han Fei Tzu, a legalist during the pre-Qin period, viewed the suppression of criminal motives as the core of crime prevention, and brought out a series of measures to prevent crimes. In this paper, the author summarized his thoughts on crime prevention by analyzing his views on human nature, the causes of crimes, and crime prevention.
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Sargin, Sevil, i Kadir Temurçin. "Crimes and Crime Dispersion in Urban Areas in Turkey". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 13, nr 13 (1.01.2010): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-010-0005-2.
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Crimes and Crime Dispersion in Urban Areas in Turkey Crime is a phenomenon that arises from the interaction between social, political, economic, physical, psychological circumstances and geographical factors. Since crime occurs in geographical locations, the relationship between crime and location is worth discussing characteristics of a location occur in differents ways. Not only natural geographical factors but also human geographical factors may lead to crime. In this study, the situation, distribution of crimes in the cities which are in the police service zone are dealt with. In addition to crime dispersion in the cities and crimes committed to people and property, crimes committed by month is also studied. In this context, it is seen that since city centres are composed of dense population and urban functions, they feed crime, social control weakens in those areas and they create opportunities for criminals. This causes weakness in society and social capital apart from economic losses in cities. The number of crime incidents, which was 229,513 in 1995, in Turkey, has risen to 785,510 in 2006 with a 3.4 fold increase. 41% of the crimes which were committed in the year of 2006 were against people, 59% were against property.
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Tobias, Chitani Jarves Bob, i Brave Mwanza. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis: A GIS-Based Application Tool for Crime Monitoring and Clustering in Malawi". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, nr 8 (31.03.2024): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p167.
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For the purposes of monitoring, evaluating, and conducting a geographical analysis of crime-related data, the study used geospatial technology to collect crime data based on spatial location and the Malawi Police Data Digest of 2019 and 2020. In a more generic sense, knowing the geographic patterns of crime in Malawi using GIS technology can help determine how to make and implement important decisions to reduce crimes in Malawi. The Malawi Police Service has established a number of database management systems to help with crime monitoring. Notwithstanding, it has not yet fully integrated Geographic Information Systems across all jurisdictions. Maps showing crime locations and crime hotspot zones are therefore not included in the crime data and statistics report provided by the Malawi Police Service. In this light, a lot of people have become victims of various forms of crimes in areas where those crimes are also prevalent. To collect, track, and analyze crime data in Malawi for this study, Geographical Information System (GIS) particularly network analysis techniques were used. Network Analysis was used to identify crime hotspots by analyzing crime data as a network of interconnected events and locations. The rationale behind this was to treat each crime event as a node in the network and the spatial relationships between the crimes as edges. By analyzing this network, patterns and relationships between crime events were revealed, allowing for the identification of crime hotspots. The study found that Lilongwe in the central region and the capital city registered the highest number of crimes seconded by Blantyre in the southern region and followed by Mangochi. Mzimba recorded high crimes in the northern region. In Malawi, the traditional systems of intelligence and criminal record keeping have failed to satisfy the demands of today's crime situation. Manual methods neither give accurate, dependable, or complete data 24 hours a day nor do they help in trend forecasting and decision assistance. It also leads to poorer productivity and inefficient workforce use. The appropriate application of information technology is the solution to this ever-increasing challenge.
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Nahorna, О., i Y. Dovhaliyk. "The relevance of the modern interpretation of the norm on treason". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, nr 5 (30.12.2022): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.63.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of treason as one of the crimes which encroach on the elements of Ukraine's national security.
There is a fairly significant danger to the national safety of Ukraine because of annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol from Ukraine by the Russian Federation and because the aggressor state dared a full-scale invasion eight years after the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war. So, criminal liability for crimes against the foundations of national security of Ukraine is of particular importance, because these crimes are the most dangerous encroachments on social relations that ensure state sovereignty, territorial integrity, inviolability and defense capability of the state, state security of Ukraine and its constitutional order.
In the article, the authors focused on the issue of formation and development of the normative definition of the crime "treason" and responsibility for this crime. Emphasis is placed on the legal acts, which codified the concept of treason, researched and analyzed the different approaches of the legislator to the definition of treason as a crime formed over the centuries.
The authors considered and characterized the elements of the crime: object, subject, objective and subjective aspects of treason as a crime against the foundations of national security of Ukraine, as well as specific features of these elements. In addition, the authors focused on different approaches of scientists to determination of the elements of the crime of "treason" provided for in Article 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Emphasis is placed on changes made to the Criminal Code of Ukraine which relate to the strengthening of responsibility for crimes against the foundations of national security of Ukraine, in particular for treason, under the conditions of martial law, the authors found out that the purpose of these changes is to ensure fair punishment of persons who encroach on the safety of the state in the conditions of martial law.
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Acharya, Prof Suman. "Crime Analytics using Machine Learning". International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences 10, nr 3 (30.03.2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijies.f7444.0310323.
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Crime is one of the most significant and pervasive problems in our society, and preventing it is a crucial duty. A large number of crimes are perpetrated each day. Maintaining and analyzing crime data to forecast and solve crimes is the current issue. This project analyzes a large dataset of crimes and predicts future crimes based on conditions. This project uses data science and machine learning for India's crime data prediction. Thus, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Multi-Regression, k-NN, Lasso & Ridge, and Random Forest are all involved in the supervised classification problem. Predicting crimes and classifying effective pattern detection and visualization equipment Utilizing crime data trends from the past allows us to correlate aspects that may help us comprehend the breadth of crimes in the future. This study uses visualization and machine learning methods to estimate future crime rates. First, raw datasets were processed and displayed.
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Scheffler, Tomasz. "Zasada nullum crimen sine lege w kontekście przestępstw stypizowanych w art. 256 § 1 k.k." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, nr 4 (2) (18.09.2019): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1226.
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The paper presents interpretations of the content of the legal principle of nullum crimen sine lege and the influence of this principle on legal characterisation of crime of public propagation of a fascist or other totalitarian governance system and crime of public agitation to hatred based on national, ethnic, racial or religious differences or for reason of a lack of any religiousdenomination. In the author’s opinion, the most difficult problem in the case of crimes typified in Art. 256 § 1 of Polish Penal Code lies in that many layers consider the legal principle of nullum crimen as a commonplace. In the paper, there are several cases presented of adjudications of the Polish Supreme Court relating to what considerations of the legal principle of nullum crimen may cause so that we can obtain clear views on the problem.
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Swamy, Mr K. K., Mrs SRILATHA PULI, S. SWETHA, B. SHARANYA, A. ANUHYA i J. SHREYAS. "CRIME ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING". YMER Digital 21, nr 05 (10.05.2022): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/44.
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Crimes are the significant threat to the humankind. as crimes are increasing at a rapid rate approach for identifying trends in crime. Our project can predict regions which have high probability for crime occurrence and can visualize crime prone areas by visual representation of data by bar graphs, pie charts etc. It speed up the classification of criminal activities by calculating the average accuracy rate .It uses crime data set and predicts the types of crimes in a particular area which help in Accurate results based on the predictive analysis of logistic regression. The objective would be train a model for prediction using logistic regression classification algorithm. Logistic regression used for classification problems and it is a predictive analysis algorithm based on concept of probability. Crime analysis project is a systematic approach for identifying trends in crime. .It uses crime data set and predicts the types of crimes in a particular area which help in Accurate results based on the predictive analysis of logistic regression.
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K, Vijay, i Amal Prakash. "A Systematic Review on Tanpin Kandri Based Crime Prediction". Remittances Review 7, nr 2 (19.11.2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/rr.v7i2.2407.
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Predictive policing refers to the potential preventive measure to fight crimes in the modern age. Crimes are social issues that have a negative effect on society. The number of cases filed under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in 2020 increased by over 430 percent compared to the same year-ago period. Data analytics is the process of inspecting, transforming, and modelling unstructured data into useful information. Predictive policing and crime analytics with Artificial intelligence increase attention among a multifarious scientific community. Crime pattern analysis is the computational approach to examining aspects of volume crime for the purposes of prevention where it either targets one crime or a series of discrete crimes for detection. Currently, there are not many sufficing analysis methods for the Law and order agencies. By using the Tanpin Kanri model, a Japanese business strategy, this idea makes decision points on what crime and at what rate. Crime analysis functions are generally focused on seven key areas: crime pattern detection, target profiles, forecast crime rates, resource allocation, and criminal investigations, according to a study by the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Generally, it is implemented for the most recurring crimes. This idea helps in the prevention of crimes using crime forecasting and gives a unique perspective on the areas one may not be aware of. Thus crime prediction is a valuable strategy to identify and profile those areas which are at risk, and those can be prevented.
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Ramdhani, Yaumi, Amiruddin i Ufran. "Countering Artificial Intelligence Crimes in a Criminal Law Perspective". RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, nr 4 (15.04.2024): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n04.020.
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This research aims to analyze artificial intelligence crime as a new form of crime in the future as well as artificial intelligence crime prevention policies in Indonesia. By using the method research law Normative, using Approach Legislation (Satatute Approach), Conceptual Approach (Conceptual Approach), Approach Analytical (Analytical Approach), Approach Philosophy (Philosophical Approach). Results study This showing that describe Artificial intelligence crimes include any form of illegal or malicious action against digital structures carried out using computers or digital devices with more complex forms of crime. Artificial intelligence crimes can be crimes against national security, attacking people, or attacking a company. The categories of artificial intelligence crimes are divided into high risk, medium risk and low risk. Then Efforts that can be made to overcome artificial intelligence crime by using situational crime prevention produce the concept of short-term and long-term countermeasures.
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Zhang, Beixiang. "On the development and research of crimes against humanity in international criminal Law". Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, nr 1 (24.03.2023): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v2i1.6373.
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After World War II, international crimes against humanity were officially established. And it is on its way to becoming an international crime. Therefore, at present, crime against humanity is still in the development stage, and its concept is not perfect enough. Many relevant systems are not clear enough. For example, in crime against humanity, many behaviors cannot be interfered by domestic and foreign criminal laws, so how to judge whether a crime or an act should be under domestic jurisdiction or international jurisdiction? There needs to be a clear institutional demarcation line within the jurisdiction. In addition, as a crime of international criminal law, the content of crimes against humanity may conflict with other contents of international crimes, so it is very necessary to distinguish the difference between the two. Through the analysis of the concept of crimes against humanity and the elements of crime, this paper carries out research to make the concept of crimes against humanity in international criminal law clearer.
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Khan, Muzammil, Azmat Ali i Yasser Alharbi. "Predicting and Preventing Crime: A Crime Prediction Model Using San Francisco Crime Data by Classification Techniques". Complexity 2022 (25.02.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4830411.
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The crime is difficult to predict; it is random and possibly can occur anywhere at any time, which is a challenging issue for any society. The study proposes a crime prediction model by analyzing and comparing three known prediction classification algorithms: Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree. The model analyzes the top ten crimes to make predictions about different categories, which account for 97% of the incidents. These two significant crime classes, that is, violent and nonviolent, are created by merging multiple smaller classes of crimes. Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is performed to identify the patterns and understand the trends of crimes using a crime dataset. The accuracies of Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree techniques are 65.82%, 63.43%, and 98.5%, respectively, and the proposed model is further evaluated for precision and recall matrices. The results show that the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree prediction model is better than the other two techniques for predicting crime, based on historical data from a city. The analysis and prediction model can help the security agencies utilize the resources efficiently, anticipate the crime at a specific time, and serve society well.
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Turgeon, Joane, i Maryse Rinfret-Raynor. "La peur du crime chez les femmes et les différentes formes de violence qu’elles subissent". III. Ceux et celles qui ont peur, nr 30 (16.10.2015): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033669ar.
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Les sentiments d’insécurité des femmes face au crime semblent démesurés par rapport au nombre réel de crimes qu’elles subissent. Même si on reconnaît dorénavant que les femmes sont aussi souvent victimes de crimes que les hommes, il demeure difficile d’expliquer pourquoi elles ont plus peur du crime que les hommes. L’article propose une conception globale de la violence faite aux femmes. Si on tient compte des caractéristiques particulières des crimes contre les femmes et si on s’intéresse à la façon dont leur incidence est évaluée, la peur du crime des femmes devient beaucoup plus compréhensible. La peur du crime a des conséquences néfastes pour la santé mentale des femmes ainsi que pour leur qualité de vie. Ce constat pourrait suggérer le développement de programmes visant la prévention de la peur du crime chez les femmes. Cependant, les conséquences du crime étant beaucoup plus dévastatrices que celles de la peur du crime, il est important que le crime lui-même demeure la cible privilégiée de l’intervention.
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Noor, Talal H., Abdulqader M. Almars, Majed Alwateer, Malik Almaliki, Ibrahim Gad i El-Sayed Atlam. "SARIMA: A Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model for Crime Analysis in Saudi Arabia". Electronics 11, nr 23 (1.12.2022): 3986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233986.
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Crimes have clearly had a detrimental impact on a nation’s development, prosperity, reputation, and economy. The issue of crime has become one of the most pressing concerns in societies, thus reducing the crime rate has become an increasingly critical task. Recently, several studies have been proposed to identify the causes and occurrences of crime in order to identify ways to reduce crime rates. However, few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia technological solutions based on crime analysis. The analysis of crime can help governments identify hotspots of crime and monitor crime distribution. This study aims to investigate which Saudi Arabian areas will experience increased crime rates in the coming years. This research helps law enforcement agencies to effectively utilize available resources in order to reduce crime rates. This paper proposes SARIMA model which focuses on identifying factors that affect crimes in Saudi Arabia, estimating a reasonable crime rate, and identifying the likelihood of crime distribution based on various locations. The dataset used in this study is obtained from Saudi Arabian official government channels. There is detailed information related to time and place along with crime statistics pertaining to different types of crimes. Furthermore, the new proposed method performs better than other traditional classifiers such as Linear Regression, XGB, and Random Forest. Finally, SARIMA model has an MAE score of 0.066559, which is higher than the other models.
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TSELONI, ANDROMACHI, IOANNIS NTZOUFRAS, ANNA NICOLAOU i KEN PEASE. "Concentration of personal and household crimes in England and Wales". European Journal of Applied Mathematics 21, nr 4-5 (6.04.2010): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792510000057.
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Crime is disproportionally concentrated in few areas. Though long established, there remains uncertainty about the reasons for variation in the concentration of similar crime (repeats) or different crime (multiples). Wholly neglected have been composite crimes when more than one crime types coincide as parts of a single event. The research reported here disentangles area crime concentration into repeats, multiple and composite crimes. The results are based on estimated bivariate zero-inflated Poisson regression models with covariance structure which explicitly account for crime rarity and crime concentration. The implications of the results for criminological theorizing and as a possible basis for more equitable police funding are discussed.
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Grondin, Rachel. "La responsabilité pénale du chef militaire : un défaut d’agir mais pas un défaut d’état d’esprit". Revue générale de droit 34, nr 2 (10.11.2014): 309–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027254ar.
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Le Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale prévoit que le chef militaire n’ayant pas exercé le contrôle qui convenait, engage sa responsabilité pour le crime commis — génocide, crime contre l’humanité, crime de guerre — par des Forces qui lui sont subordonnées s’il savait ou « aurait dû savoir que ces forces commettaient ou allaient commettre ce crime ». Au Canada, la Loi sur les crimes contre l’humanité et les crimes de guerre établit que pour son manquement, le chef militaire est plutôt responsable pour un crime distinct de celui commis par un subordonné. Alors que l’élement matériel requis pour ces deux crimes est semblable, chacun possède un élément psychologique différent. La première partie de cet article traite de la participation par omission au crime commis, un mode traditionnel de participation en droit pénal canadien, alors que la deuxième partie, porte sur la commission d’un crime autre que celui commis par le subordonné. La présente étude cherche à démontrer que dans les deux cas, le crime dont sera responsable le chef militaire est, selon le droit pénal canadien, un crime de nature particulière exigeant une mens rea subjective. Le rapprochement certain entre ces deux crimes permet de conclure au caractère subjectif de l’élement moral rattaché au crime portant sur le manquement du chef militaire, une interprétation conforme à la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés.
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KARGIN AKKOÇ, Gamze, i Dilek DURUSU ÇİFTÇİ. "Türkiye’de Ekonomik Suçların Dinamikleri ve Belirleyicileri". Fiscaoeconomia 7, Özel Sayı (29.10.2023): 751–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1345839.
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The economics of crime deals with two issues: (i) the economic cost of the crime, and (ii) the economic motivations behind the crime that is committed by individuals. In this context, crime is distinguished by whether it has an economic characteristic or not. Economic crimes can be defined as non-violent crimes committed to gain profit, benefit, or social status. Understanding the dynamics of crime is crucial for policy-making to minimize the economic and social costs to society. In the last decade, the total amount of crime has been increasing continuously in Türkiye. The economic crimes accounted for approximately 60 % of total crimes until 2012. In the later years, the rate of other crimes (particularly, assault, threat, and traffic crimes) in total crimes have surpassed economic crimes, nonetheless, the number of economic crimes has also been increasing gradually and peaked in 2018. Moreover, economic crimes show regional differences in Türkiye, and revealing these disparities may provide useful insights to policymakers. Therefore, the examination of the dynamics of economic crimes at the regional level and its relationship with economic variables in Türkiye seems to be timely and important. We collect a broad economic crime data of 26 sub-regions for the 2006-2020 period. We first analyze the regional differences in property and fraud by utilizing the mapping method. We also tried to reveal the link between income, unemployment, and education level with property and fraud with dynamic panel methodology and revealed that variables have different effects on different economic crimes.
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Rudyi, Natalya K., i Natalia A. Nikonova. "Corporate Crimes in the Criminal Laws of the PRC". Public International and Private International Law 1 (29.02.2024): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3910-2024-1-46-51.
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As the market economy develops, some countries, in particular the People's Republic of China, have criminalized legal entities for corporate crimes, which are crimes committed for and/or on behalf of organizations. This paper deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of corporate crime, compares the concepts of corporate crime in Western and Eastern criminal law doctrines, presents a typology of corporate crimes in China, and analyzes the methods of combating corporate crime in the PRC. In the era of global capitalism and advanced technology, including e-commerce, we can expect a further rise in corporate crime. Corporate crime is also strongly correlated (but not equated) with other types of crime, in particular white-collar, economic, and organized crime. At the present stage, the key element in combating corporate crime in China is the improvement of legislation aimed at preventing intra-company crime and developing compliance programs to reduce the risks of unlawful behavior among employees and managers. Although the Russian legislation lacks criminal liability for legal entities, the experience of preventing and combating corporate crime in the PRC can and should be used to prevent unlawful behavior of legal entities in Russia.
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Blagov, E. V. "About the types of unfinished crime". Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, nr 3 (2.02.2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-3-31-37.
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The article is devoted to the study of the scope of the concept of an unfinished crime. In the literature, in addition to the types of unfinished crime named by the legislator (preparations for a crime and attempts at a crime), others are also distinguished (voluntary refusal of a crime, voluntarily abandoned preparation and attempt, incomplete and complete attempt at a crime). Based on the normative material (Articles 29 and 31 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), this approach is critically evaluated. At the same time, it is noted that in science, at the level of an unfinished crime, the often produced classifications of preparations for a crime and attempts at a crime do not manifest themselves in any way. The author considers this to be an inconsistency of theoretical analysis. He tries to overcome it and offers to distinguish, on the one hand, complete and incomplete unfinished crimes, on the other hand, objectively and subjectively unfinished crimes. At the same time, it is proposed to understand under complete-an unfinished crime, in which a person believes that he has done everything necessary to bring the crime to an end; under incomplete an unfinished crime, in which a person believes that he has not done everything necessary to bring the crime to an end; under objectively unfinished crimes that were not completed due to an error on the part of the persons who committed them; under subjectively unfinished crimes that were not completed due to an error on the part of the persons who committed them. Assessing the significance of the identified types of unfinished crimes, in conclusion, it is noted that they, without affecting the criminal responsibility itself, are important for its implementation, because the more completely an unfinished crime is committed, the closer it is to the finished one and the more severe punishment is permissible, all other things being equal; erroneous actions of a person indicate less public danger, which, all other things being equal, on the contrary, should entail less severe punishment.
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Wang, Zengli, i Hong Zhang. "Could Crime Risk Be Propagated across Crime Types?" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, nr 5 (4.05.2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050203.
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It has long been acknowledged that crimes of the same type tend to be committed at the same location or proximity in a short period. However, the investigation of whether this phenomenon exists across crime types remains limited. The spatial-temporal clustered patterns for two types of crimes in public areas (pocket-picking and vehicle/motor vehicle theft) are separately examined. Compared with existing research, this study contributes to current research from three aspects: (1) The repeat and near-repeat phenomenon exists in two types of crimes in a large Chinese city. (2) A significant spatial-temporal interaction between pocket-picking and vehicle/motor vehicle theft exists within a range of 100 m. Some cross-crime type interactions seem to have a stronger ability of prediction than does single-crime type interaction. (3) A risk-avoiding activity is identified after spatial-temporal hotspots of another crime type. The spatial extent with increased risk is limited to a certain distance from the previous hotspots. The experimental results are analyzed and interpreted with current criminology theories.
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Grumbles, Preslie B. "Clerical-Collar Crime: How Church Members Deal When Church Leaders Steal Church Property". Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 9, nr 1 (kwiecień 2023): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v9.i1.4.
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Christian churches will lose an estimated $59 billion worldwide to embezzlement in 2022. Embezzlement and other white-collar crimes are property theft crimes characterized by the violation of another’s trust. This Comment names white-collar crimes committed exclusively by church leaders or officials “clerical-collar crimes.” Distinguishing clerical-collar crime from white-collar crime gives weight to and promotes future consideration of the unique problems that arise when church leaders and officials commit clerical-collar crime.Although clerical-collar crime is subject to civil and criminal liability, this Comment focuses solely on victims’ experiences in bringing civil claims against perpetrators of clerical-collar crime in Texas and leaves clerical-collar crime prosecution and punishment to future study. This Comment begins by examining three reasons why churches are uniquely vulnerable to clerical-collar crime. Then, this Comment describes three civil claims church members can bring against perpetrators of clerical-collar crime, two challenges church members face in bringing those claims in Texas, and the difficulty of recovering stolen property due to the judgment-proof problem. This Comment concludes by making several recommendations to protect churches from clerical-collar crime and mitigate victims’ losses.
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Scott, Shelby M., i Louis J. Gross. "COVID-19 and crime: Analysis of crime dynamics amidst social distancing protocols". PLOS ONE 16, nr 4 (1.04.2021): e0249414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249414.
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In response to the pandemic in early 2020, cities implemented states of emergency and stay at home orders to reduce virus spread. Changes in social dynamics due to local restrictions impacted human behavior and led to a shift in crime dynamics. We analyze shifts in crime types by comparing crimes before the implementation of stay at home orders and the time period shortly after these orders were put in place across three cities. We find consistent changes across Chicago, Baltimore, and Baton Rouge with significant declines in total crimes during the time period immediately following stay at home orders. The starkest differences occurred in Chicago, but in all three cities the crime types contributing to these declines were related to property crime and statutory crime rather than interpersonal crimes.
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Lee, Jiyoung, Michael Leitner i Gernot Paulus. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Nighttime Crimes in Vienna, Austria". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, nr 7 (10.07.2024): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13070247.
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Studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of crime is crucial for accurate crime geography research. While studies have examined crime patterns related to weekdays, seasons, and specific events, there is a noticeable gap in research on nighttime crimes. This study focuses on crimes occurring during the nighttime, investigating the temporal definition of nighttime crime and the correlation between nighttime lights and criminal activities. The study concentrates on four types of nighttime crimes, assault, theft, burglary, and robbery, conducting univariate and multivariate analyses. In the univariate analysis, correlations between nighttime crimes and nighttime light (NTL) values detected in satellite images and between streetlight density and nighttime crimes are explored. The results highlight that nighttime burglary strongly relates to NTL and streetlight density. The multivariate analysis delves into the relationships between each nighttime crime type and socioeconomic and urban infrastructure variables. Once again, nighttime burglary exhibits the highest correlation. For both univariate and multivariate regression models the geographically weighted regression (GWR) outperforms ordinary least squares (OLS) regression in explaining the relationships. This study underscores the importance of considering the location and offense time in crime geography research and emphasizes the potential of using NTL in nighttime crime analysis.
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Song, Byung Ho, i Sang Cheul Han. "Efficiency plan for building a safe city through crime analysis: Facusing Pyeongtaek-si, south Gyeonggi-do". Korean Association of Criminal Psychology 18, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25277/kcpr.2022.18.2.81.
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This study is a study on the construction of a crime-safe city as a countermeasure by analyzing the occurrence of crimes due to the new urban concentration in the outskirts of the city in order to escape the urban concentration phenomenon. The subject of this study is Pyeongtaek, south Gyeonggi-do. In 2020, the number of crimes nationwide was 1,611,906, 3,108.7 per 100,000 people, and the Gyeonggi Nambu Provincial Police Agency had 379,794 crimes, which was 3,877.5 per 100,000, while Pyeongtaek City had 28,270, which was 5,510.4 per 100,000. This is more than 2,000 cases higher than the national crime rate per 100,000 people, and 1,500 cases higher than the crime rate in Gyeonggi-do. In other words, the study began with the need for an alternative for the safety and order maintenance and risk prevention of Pyeongtaek citizens due to crime. As a result, the problem with the occurrence of crimes in Pyeongtaek City is First, the occurrence of crimes due to insufficient security conditions. Second, there is a lack of CCTV, an infrastructure for crime prevention. Third, it is the deterioration of crime prevention activities through people-to-people cooperation, which is one of the police activities of the local community, which is outside the traditional police activities. Based on these problems, suggestions were made on how to increase the efficiency of the construction of a crime-safe city. First, the factors vulnerable to crime and improvement of the environment. Second, the strengthening of police patrol power in response to crime. Third, crime prevention is the duty of the police.
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Kiran P, Mounika B, Naveen P, Tejaswini N i Karthik B. "Crime data anlysis using machine learning". South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 12, nr 3 (8.07.2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/sajet.2022.12.39.
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Crime is one of the biggest and dominating problems in our society and its prevention is an important task. Daily there are huge numbers of crimes committed frequently. This requires keeping track of all the crimes and maintaining a database for same which may be used for future reference. The current problem faced are maintaining of proper dataset of crime and analyzing this data to help in predicting and solving crimes in future. The objective of this project is to analyze dataset which consist of numerous crimes and predicting the type of crime which may happen in future depending upon various conditions. In this project, Machine Learning and data science techniques are used for crime prediction of Chicago crime data set. For this supervised classification Random Forest algorithm is used. This approach involves predicting crimes classifying, pattern detection and visualization with effective tools and technologies. Use of past crime data trends helps us to correlate factors which might help understanding the future scope of crimes. In this work, various visualizing techniques and machine learning algorithms are adopted for predicting the crime distribution over an area. In the first step, the raw datasets are processed and visualized based on the need.
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Pasaribu, Juhrin. "Juridical Analysis of Criminal Sanctions for Money Laundering Proceeds of Narcotics Crimes". Enigma in Law 2, nr 1 (19.01.2024): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61996/law.v2i1.46.
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Money laundering proceeds of narcotics crimes is a criminal offense regulated in Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning prevention and eradication of the crime of money laundering. This crime is a serious crime that can endanger economic stability and state security. Criminal sanctions for laundering money from narcotics crimes are regulated in Article 3 of Law Number 8 of 2010. The criminal sanctions that can be imposed on perpetrators of this crime are in the form of a maximum imprisonment of 20 years and a maximum fine of IDR 10 billion. A juridical analysis of criminal sanctions for laundering money from narcotics crimes needs to be carried out to determine whether these sanctions are in accordance with the objectives of regulating this criminal act. The aim of regulating the crime of money laundering resulting from narcotics crimes is to prevent and eradicate the crime of money laundering, as well as to protect the interests of society and the national economy. Criminal sanctions for laundering money from narcotics crimes are in accordance with the objectives of regulating this crime. These criminal sanctions are preventive and repressive, so they can prevent and eradicate money laundering crimes, as well as provide a deterrent effect to perpetrators.
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Siqueira, Dirceu Pereira, i Lígia Maria Lario Fructuozo. "Core crimes ou as violações mais graves aos direitos humanos: a negação aos direitos da personalidade". Direito e Desenvolvimento 11, nr 1 (7.07.2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/direitoedesenvolvimento.v11i1.1231.
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O presente trabalho científico tem o intuito de realizar uma breve análise sobre o chamado core crimes, que constituem os crimes tipificados no Estatuto de Roma, instrumento fundante do Tribunal Penal Internacional. Abordará de maneira concisa o processo de criação deste órgão, destacando seu caráter permanente e complementar. Após, serão analisados os crimes previstos no rol do Estatuto de Roma, quais sejam: crime de genocídio, crimes contra a humanidade, crimes de guerra e crime de agressão. Neste contexto, será examinado, ao final, a ausência do crime de terrorismo no rol dos crimes de competência do TPI, evidenciando como poderão ser condenados os indivíduos acusados de perpetrarem este crime igualmente bárbaro visando a total proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana.
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Azhari, Faisol. "The Social Reaction for The Effort of Crime Prevention (In The Short Analizing)". Jurnal Hukum 29, nr 1 (1.06.2014): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jh.v29i1.331.
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         Really, talking about the problem of the social reaction for the crime and offenders in the development of criminology science are so important. Therefore in analizing for that case and  how to solve about crime the criminology science isn’t limmited about the background of crime only or law.      The crime prevention is also explained by Criminology. Therefore Criminology is also include the study of the social reaction against crime. Edwin H Sutherland and Cressey said that the crime prevention or the social reaction against crime include within criminology. And really, accordance with the development of criminology science it needs the other sciences to support it in analizing for crime and crime causation such as the anthropology science phsichology science sociology criminal science etc. There are several approaches analizing about the crime and the effort of crime prevention.Keywords: The crime prevention, The social reaction against crimeÂ
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Dimovski, Darko. "Crime prevention through digitalization". Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 60, nr 91 (2021): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-32144.
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Common crime prevention measures have not yielded the expected results. It is important to examine the possibilities of using the latest achievements in crime prevention. One of the available options is digitalization. Starting from the definition of digitalization as the use of digital technologies to change the business model and provide new opportunities for generating income and value, the author emphasizes that digitalization can be used as a measure to prevent crime. In this regard, some solutions for preventing crime through digitalization are embodied in the use of digital currencies, digital identities and signatures, smart devices, and mobile applications. The author elaborates on each of these solutions, focusing on specific crime prevention measures and examples from different countries worldwide. It may help crime prevention experts perceive digitalization as a measure for reducing the volume of crime. If the benefits of digitalization are put into good use, we can expect that the volume of property-related crimes, violence-related crimes and traffic delinquency will drop in the forthcoming period. On the other hand, the implementation of these measures may give rise to the commission of Internet-related crimes, thus leading to the increase in computer crime.