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Litton, Roger Anthony. "Crime, crime prevention and insurance". Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262150.
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Marshall, Hollianne. "DEFENDED NEIGHBORHOODS AND ORGANIZED CRIME: DOES ORGANIZED CRIME LOWER STREET CRIME?" Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2799.
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The literature suggests that neighborhoods with organized criminal networks would have lower crime rates than other neighborhoods or communities, because of the social control their organization exerts on residents and visitors. The strictly organized Italian-American Mafia seems to have characteristics that would translate throughout the neighborhood: People will not participate in overt illegal behaviors because they do not know who is watching, and the fear of what the Mafia might do keeps residents and visitors to the neighborhood relatively well-behaved. Using crime statistics from the NYPD and census data for neighborhood characteristics, four linear regressions were calculated. The results indicate that low socioeconomic status is the main factor explaining neighborhood crime rate variations in New York City. The percent of the population under 18 and density were also listed as influential factors for some variables. The percent of foreign-born Italians was noted as significant in the correlation models, though it is not yet clear what this might truly indicate. The proxy variable for Mafia presence was not significant, and this can either be due to inaccuracies of the measurement of the variable or a true decrease in the influence of Mafia presence after the string of RICO arrests in the 1980s and 1990s. The results imply that Mafia presence does not influence neighborhood social control, but they do reinforce social disorganization theory. The foundation of this theory is neighborhood stability; the more unstable a neighborhood is, the more susceptible the neighborhood is to crime and dysfunction. Factors like low socioeconomic status and density influence neighborhood stability. Future research should attempt to have more accurate representations of Mafia presence and neighborhood characteristics.M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
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Marshall, Hollianne Elizabeth. "Defended neighborhoods and organized crime does organized crime lower street crime? /". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002751.
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Bark, Trevor George William. "Custom becomes crime, crime becomes custom". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2006. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6872/.
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This thesis examines the changing relationship between customary activities of the poor and economic change. The social crime debate is used to illustrate the historical importance of informal economic activity, both as a survival strategy and as a means of protest. Key issues of the experience in Britain will be highlighted, and issues such as self-interest will be placed within community toleration. Ironically, social criminal activities are also in the wider interests of the class of people from which social criminals themselves originate. The change from Feudalism and the origin of capitalism (particularly industrial capitalism) created the working class. The peasantry were increasingly displaced from the land, and habits suitable for work paid in cash were inculcated and forced upon people. Customary agricultural practices were gradually whittled away, but the working class changed these into perquisites and new customary work-based appropriation. Protest became located within the official structures of the labour movement, and increasingly orientated around the wage form. The post World War II economic boom encouraged standardisation and stabilisation of products, and within society itself. The onset of economic crises, beginning in the late 1960s, had increasingly global effects, and involved new markets encouraged by European integration. This changed the nature of (un)employment relations, the composition of the working class, consumption demands and possibilities, as well as creating a large and growing informal economy. This new casual and opportunistic, official/unofficial labour market, has meant a resurgence of social crime as a normal feature of survival. Shoplifting, tobacco and alcohol smuggling will be theoretically and practically examined; social crime content assessed; and protest capacity explored. Informant narratives highlight these key features of our time. The thesis further argues that crime has returned as a central aspect of culture.
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Liu, Kit-ming. "Hong Kong crime statistics and crime indexes". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31976025.
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Liu, Kit-ming, i 廖潔明. "Hong Kong crime statistics and crime indexes". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976025.
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Ferreira, Angelita Rangel. "Crime-prisão-crime: o círculo vicioso da pobreza e a reincidência no crime". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4546.
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A utilização de práticas consideradas criminosas na busca de satisfação de necessidades leva muitos dos sujeitos que a utilizam, sobretudo, aquele cuja inserção na vida social se dá de forma subalternizada, à prisão. E, mesmo depois de cumprir pena de privação de liberdade, esses sujeitos permanecem com essas mesmas práticas, o que demonstra a ineficácia do sistema prisional em cumprir seu suposto objetivo, o de ressocializar. Assim sendo, o objetivo da presente pesquisa de mestrado é identificar, a partir das vozes daqueles que a protagonizam – homens e mulheres privados de liberdade no Centro de Remanejamento do Sistema Prisional – CERESP de Ipatinga/MG –, os fatores sociais, políticos, econômicos, históricos e culturais que os impelem a reproduzir o percurso crime-prisão-liberdadecrime, num circulo vicioso sem fim. Para tanto, compreendemos que a sociedade capitalista se organiza de tal forma que “obriga” as pessoas a criarem estratégias para sobreviver nela. Essa sobrevivência, para alguns, diz respeito à reprodução física e espiritual e, para outros, ao processo de acumulação de capital. É nessa perspectiva de satisfação de necessidades que pontuamos a criminalidade como um recurso mobilizado pelas classes sociais. Para a classe privilegiada, os atos qualificados como crime, podem ser utilizados como forma de satisfazer a necessidade de ampliação da acumulação de riqueza, de dinheiro e de poder já para a classe mais subalternizada, pode servir como forma de satisfazer a necessidade de reproduzir-se e sobreviver num sistema cujas principais categorias de análise são alienação, exploração e desigualdades. Nossos pesquisados apontam vários fatores como motivadores da reincidência no crime, mas, entendemos que eles o fazem de forma acrítica, imediata e aparente, visto estarem submersos em processos alienantes antes, durante e depois de experimentarem a privação de liberdade. Mas a análise aqui realizada busca identificar e compreender, a partir da utilização do método crítico dialético, onde reside a essência do problema da reincidência no crime.
The use of practices deemed criminal in search of satisfaction of needs leads many of the individuals that use it, especially one whose insertion in social life takes on a lesser role, to prison. And even after serving sentences of imprisonment, these remain subject to these same practices, which demonstrates the ineffectiveness of the prison system to meet its purported goal, to re-socialize. Therefore, the aim of this Master thesis is to identify, from the voices of those who are protagonists - men and women deprived of liberty in the Relocation Center of Prisons - CERESP Ipatinga / MG - the social, political, economic, historical and cultural factors that stimulate them to reproduce the route crime-prison-free-crime, a vicious circle without end. For that, we understand that capitalist society is organized so that "compels" people to create strategies to survive it. This survival, for some, concerns the physical and spiritual reproduction, and for others, the process of capital accumulation. In this prospect the crime is a satisfaction of needs and, at this, it‟s infact, stimulated by social inequality. For the privileged class, the acts qualified as criminal, may be used as a way to satisfy the need to increase the accumulation of wealth, money and power. Already to the class most undervalued, may serve as a way to satisfy the need to reproduce and survive in a system whose main categories of analysis are alienation, exploitation and inequality. Our respondents point to several factors as motivators of recidivism in crime, but we understand that they do so uncritically, immediately and ostensibly, seeing that they are submerged in alienating processes before, during and after experiencing the deprivation of liberty. But the analysis conducted here seeks to identify and understand, from the use of dialectical critical method, which is the essence of the problem of recidivism.
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Gonçalves, Piterson Balmat. "A crise do dever em crime e castigo, de Dostoiévski". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-26072016-104943/.
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Nesta dissertação procuramos evidenciar a crise do dever moral em Crime e Castigo, de Dostoiévski, exemplo da nossa própria crise contemporânea, ao mesmo tempo em que buscamos investigar os contornos de um princípio de justiça derivado do dever kantiano. A partir daí, pretendemos evidenciar como este princípio de justiça pode ser partilhado por Dostoiévski, uma vez que o romancista, no seu ideal de comunidade moral, dá continuidade ao sentido ético proposto no dever kantiano, por meio do qual supera a crise que o próprio romance lança.In this dissertation we seeks to show the crisis of moral duty in Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky, example of our own contemporary crisis, while we seek to investigate the outlines of a principle of justice brought by Kantian duty. Thereafter, we intend to show how this principle of justice can be shared by Dostoevsky, as the novelist, in his ideal of moral community, continues the ethical sense proposed in the Kantian duty, through which overcomes the crisis that spear the novel.
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Liang, Jun. "Simulating Crimes and Crime Patterns Using Cellular Automata and GIS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998053177.
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Naidu, Sam. "Crimes against nature : ecocritical discourse in South African crime fiction". UNISA Press Journals - NISC, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/53754.
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Heeding Patrick Murphy's call to critics, in his book, Ecocritical explorations in literary and cultural studies: fences, boundaries and field, to study “nature-oriented mystery novels … in order to understand the degree to which environmental consciousness and nature awareness has permeated popular and commercial fiction” (2009: 143), this article examines how highly successful author, Deon Meyer, has employed crime fiction to popularize ecological issues and debates in South Africa. In this article, Meyer's first “nature-oriented” novel, the crime thriller, Blood safari (2009), is analysed. The main question asked is whether South African crime fiction deploys ecocritical discourse for mercenary reasons or whether its engagement with environmental issues constitutes a bona fide sub-category of ecocritical literature. The same rationale – understanding how “environmental consciousness and nature awareness” manifest in one of the most popular and commercially viable genres of fiction in South Africa today – informs the broader study from which this article is drawn. Some of the findings of this study, which includes a reading of Meyer's second “nature-oriented” novel, Trackers (2011), Jane Taylor's Of wild dogs, Margaret von Klemperer's Just a dead man, and Ingrid Winterbach's literary detective novel, The book of happenstance, are referred to briefly. To conclude, the contribution of “nature-oriented” crime fiction to a “localised ecocriticism” is assessed
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Naidu, Sam. "Crime travel: a survey of representations of transnational crime in South African crime fiction". Journal of Commonwealth and Postcolonial Studies, 2016. http://jcpcsonline.com/.
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The literatures, the histories, the politics, and the arts whose focus, locales, or subjects involve Britain and other European countries and their former colonies, the now decolonized, independent nations in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, and also Australia, Canada, Ireland, and New Zealand.
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Forss, Norstedt Hampus, i Jasmine Effie Malmqvist. "Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41212.
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The purpose for this qualitative study is to examine the crime prevention strategies against youth crime within non-state actors' work. As well as obtaining views of successes and challenges of this work in practice. Youth crime is a major area of interest within criminology, and in recent years much interest has been directed at problems that arise in the so-called vulnerable areas of Sweden, where young people are at risk of being drawn into crime. Information has been gathered through semi-structured interviews with nine people representing seven different organizations / associations. The actors work with young people in one way or another through sports activities, mentor programs or independent youth centers; and most actors are active in vulnerable areas. The results show that it seems important to have committed adults in order to engage and gain trust from the young people. Further strategies for activating the young people in prosocial activities is revealed, as well as to spread good attitudes among the youths. The findings are put within the framework of criminological theories in order to discuss2021-01-13
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Dodsley, Thomas Paul. "Images of crime : young people, cultural representations of crime, and crime concern in late modernity". Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12042/.
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Set within the context of a late modern world where crime is both controlled and commodified, this thesis explores young people’s crime concerns and their opinions on the cultural representation of crime. Following a reconceptualisation and widening of the notion of fear of crime, crime concern is employed to investigate young people’s concerns regarding crime prevalence, crime management and crime representation. Encompassing a cultural criminological approach and an interpretive phenomenological attitude, this thesis utilises performative drama alongside focus groups to explore how crime concerns and the cultural representation of crime interact to inform everyday lived experience. The thesis finds that the young people in the study demonstrate an acute awareness of the processes which shape their understandings of crime. Such awareness is rooted in their sense of agency and embedded in a resistance towards the dominant discourse of problematic and risky youth. The crime concerns that the participants expressed were primarily regarding the representation and management of crime. Varying concerns around crime prevalence were identified. The findings reveal that gendered implications play a key role in shaping crime concern and forming opinions on the cultural representation of crime. The thesis concludes by reflecting upon the research process and pointing towards future directions for criminology.
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Sampaio, Álvaro Miguel do Céu Gramaxo Oliveira. "Design against crime: prevenção do crime em espaço urbano". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1145.
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Mestrado em Design, Materiais e Gestão do ProdutoO crime é parte integrante da nossa sociedade. Hoje, quando se fala de crime, associa-se habitualmente este fenómeno a um problema localizado nos espaços urbanos. Nesse sentido, o grande espaço urbano é percepcionado como um elemento propiciador de práticas marginais, contribuindo desse modo para o aumento do sentimento de insegurança existente nas sociedades. Em função disso, amplia-se cada vez mais o discurso que apela a medidas de combate e prevenção do fenómeno criminal. Neste âmbito, e assumindo o Design um papel de crescente responsabilidade social, a prevenção situacional do crime no espaço urbano está intimamente ligada a este domínio do conhecimento. Neste trabalho, a partir do enquadramento do Design Against Crime , procurámos conhecer melhor a relação entre o crime, o espaço público e a prevenção situacional. Assim, esta dissertação inicia-se com uma parte teórica, na qual se aborda o crime, as teorias explicativas deste fenómeno, a prevenção situacional e o Design Against Crime. No plano empírico, desenvolvemos um estudo cujo objectivo principal consiste na análise do fenómeno criminal no contexto do espaço público urbano e das políticas de prevenção criminal, a partir das percepções do poder político local. Procurámos, desta forma, encontrar elementos que ilustrassem a prática do Design como forma de prevenção situacional do crime. Para esse efeito, entrevistámos dez responsáveis políticos de concelhos capitais de distrito de Portugal Continental. Em termos de resultados, verificámos que, apesar de a prevenção situacional ser uma abordagem considerada pelas autarquias, o Design Against Crime é totalmente inexistente como forma de redução das oportunidades para o crime. Por fim, reflectimos sobre as principais implicações dos resultados encontrados e traçámos algumas linhas orientadoras para futuras investigações. ABSTRACT: Throughout history crime has become part of developed societies. Today, when we talk about crime, this phenomenon is always associated to a problem centred on urban spaces. Crime reflects, over all, the vision of the city and the great urban space as a propitious/suitable element for criminal actions and thus contributing to the increase of the existing feeling of insecurity in society. Therefore, more and more appealing speeches appear so that authorities can fight and prevent this criminal trend from happening. Within this scope, and assuming that Design has an important role for demanding social responsibility, the prevention of crime starts to be intimately related to this field. Taking as basis the Design Against Crime , a relation among crime, public spaces and crime prevention is established. This study has been introduced by a theoretical part, in which crime, explicative theories of this phenomenon, crime prevention and the Design Against Crime are approached. From as empirical point of view, we have developed a study whose main objective consists of an analysis of the criminal phenomenon in urban public spaces and an appraisal of the politics for criminal prevention in different city areas, with regard to find arguments which support Design as a way of crime prevention. For this purpose ten responsible politicians of capital councils of district in continental Portugal have participated. After interviewing those ten participants, we verify that, although situational crime prevention is already carried out by local autarchies, the Design Against Crime is totally inexistent as a way to reduce criminal transgressions. Finally, we have reflected on the main implications of the results and traced some lines of orientation for future inquiries.
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Boot-Matthijssen, Machteld. "Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crime : "nullum crimen sine lege" and the subject matter juridiction of the International criminal court /". Antwerpen : Intersentia, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39070062m.
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Wu, Xiaoyang. "The Portrayal of Crime in Chinese TV Crime Infotainment Programs". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175826.
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Condirston, Erin. "Traditional Crime vs. Corporate Crime: A Comparative Risk Discourse Analysis". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20315.
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With the knowledge that risk has become an omnipresent concept used to understand various social problems, this study aims to fill a perceived gap in literature by investigating the way in which risk discourse is applied to understand different categories of crime, namely traditional crime and corporate crime. It is hypothesized that risk logic
is heavily applied to the understanding of traditional crime, with minimal attribution to conversations surrounding corporate crime. The pervasiveness of risk as a technique or tactic of government renders the study of its application to different types of crime an important addition to the existing risk literature. Using the method of a comparative content analysis, the parallels and discrepancies between the ways in which risk is used to discuss traditional and corporate crime by Canadian federal criminal justice organizations are explored. The results indicate a lack of focus on risk logic with respect to corporate
crime, but demonstrate that risk discourse is perhaps not altogether absent from corporate crime discussions.
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Wai, Hing-cheung William, i 衛慶祥. "Crime prevention: the role of the district Fight Crime Committees". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977959.
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Lynn, Brianna. "Policing Farm Crime: An Exploratory Study of Agricultural Crime Units". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3820.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the practices, perceptions, and operations of agricultural crime units. To date, there has been little research conducted on policing agricultural crimes and no known research on units specializing in investigating them. The study utilizes data gathered from qualitative interviews with agricultural crime investigators across several states to fill this gap in the literature. The results allow for an examination of the fundamental practices of agricultural units, their perceptions and their experiences. In addition, they point to several implications for both policy and practice that may serve to guide our efforts to combat the problem.
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Wai, Hing-cheung William. "Crime prevention : the role of the district Fight Crime Committees /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14763886.
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Darke, Sacha. "Crime and disorder". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/91x70/crime-and-disorder.
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This thesis investigates growing use of civil and public law orders as tools of crime control by crime prevention partnerships. This development has been little explored in criminology. The proliferation of crime prevention partnerships is viewed by many criminologists as forming part of a bifurcation in criminal policy between serious crime and anti-social behaviour, in which the 'enforcement approach' of the criminal justice system is being focused upon the former and a non-legal 'partnership approach' advanced for the control of the latter. It is argued that the 'partnership approach' runs a risk of becoming an extension of and not an alternative to the 'enforcement approach' of the criminal justice system. In investigating this risk, it is intended that this thesis should contribute to criminology in two ways. The first contribution is an investigation of the theoretical potential for the local to become a site of authoritarian crime control. The second is an investigation of the extent this potential is being realised in England and Wales. Empirical research centred on the development of crime prevention strategies in implementing the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Fieldwork focused on the development of metropolitan borough s trategies in twenty-one London boroughs, and a police sector and two social housing estate strategies in the borough of Westminster. Resort to civil and publicilaw orders was found to be significant to the approach taken by the majority of London boroughs studied, including Westminster. One of the estate strategies at Westminster was found to be as authoritarian as the borough strategy, but the other estate strategy and the police sector strategy were not. Punitive views were not encountered among local practitioners on any of the three sites. Punitive views were encountered among local residents on the police sector, but not on either of the estates. Once the peculiarities of the institutions and areas studied were taken into account, it was concluded that there is a significant risk that crime prevention partnerships will take an authoritarian approach to crime control unless they are located in areas where there is a strong sense of geographical community, and their policies are shaped by local practitioners and local residents.
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Colnago, Rodrigo Henrique. "Crime e política penal: Crise do sistema prisional e alternativas às prisões". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7422.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-07A dissertação analisará a política penal a partir da crise do sistema prisional e das penas alternativas. Na primeira parte, analisaremos os elementos fundamentais que definem a estrutura social e o sistema de justiça penal. A partir de uma visão crítica da realidade, a dissertação buscará definir as relações que se estabelecem entre as circunstâncias econômicas e sociais e o sistema de justiça penal, colocando em evidência o sistema penal. A preocupação empírica de nosso estudo com as condições sociais brasileiras demonstra o impacto das desigualdades e da profunda estratificação das relações sociais sobre o sistema penal. Na segunda parte da pesquisa, examinaremos os mecanismos adotados pela teoria do direito, buscando oferecer soluções para o problema do controle social do crime e sua relação com a realidade social. A falta de adequação de uma boa parte desses instrumentos é analisada a luz da noção de crise dos paradigmas jurídicos atuais e de crise da justiça. Os limites desta crise são de finidos pela descontinuidade lógica da estrutura jurídica de tratamento das demandas. Na terceira parte do trabalho, procuraremos delimitar os contornos de uma justiça distributiva. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo discute as noções de justiça punitiva, justiça reabilitadora e justiça restauradora com ênfase na participação da comunidade (vítimas e ofensores) e do Estado. A participação na tomada de decisão de todos aqueles que foram afetados a luz da teoria da justiça social. Finalmente, os reflexos do impasse epistemológico da crise do sistema de justiça penal sobre a legitimação dos mecanismos de controle social serão igualmente objeto de nossa análise, através de um diálogo entre o sistema de justiça penal tradicional, os novos modelos de justiça (mediação, justiça restauradora, penas alternativas, desencarceramento, etc.), as condições sociais brasileiras e a idéia de justiça
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Tamburrini, Claudio Marcello. "Crime and punishment?" Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27020392.html.
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Papadopoulos, Maria. ""Crime Strikes Again..."". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Sociology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42885.
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The researcher’s interest regarding criminality has increased and there were many studies focusing on what may influence an individual to commit crime. There were even articles stating that family bonds have the strongest impact in influencing a child when it comes to developing future criminal behavior. In this qualitative study the stories are told by real individuals who have shared their experiences from childhood and adolescence to help identify the insecurities that made them commit a crime. Setting existing theories aside, the study showed that it was not the structural background that mostly impacted future criminal behavior but the individual background factors weighted the most. Individuals seemed to be more impacted by factors such as thrill seeking or bad economy. This study reflects the individual’s real stories and all included information is believed to be genuine.
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Lundqvist, Fredrik. "Unemployment and Crime". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36466.
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This study investigates the relationship between unemployment and crime by examining the large variation in unemployment in Sweden between 2007 and 2017. In this paper, I use a panel data set that consist of 3190 observations over 290 municipalities. The variation in unemployment serves as a proxy for macroeconomic events. The results suggest at best a weak effect from unemployment on violent crime and no effect from unemployment on property crime which goes against the established crime theory.
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Halbardier, Emilie. "Le crime sexuel". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111009.
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Dulieu, Héloïse. "Crime et littératures". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10057.
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Le crime se retrouve dans toutes les formes de littératures, que ce soit le théâtre, le roman classique, le roman, l'essai philosophique, ou encore la littérature jeunesse, c'est un fait. Un dialogue s'opère entre ces deux entités. Il s'exprime au départ au travers du spectacle du châtiment public. La fin de la publicité de la sanction et le plébiscite des spectateurs précipitent l'avènement d'une première littérature du crime, didactiques, les littératures dites judiciaires, initiées par le pouvoir judiciaire lui-même. Au gré du temps, d'autres littératures, profanes, sensationnelles, relatent aussi l'actualité judiciaire. Les deux rhétoriques se mélangent et s'influencent. Comme le spectacle passé, les lectures criminelles sont un succès. L'avènement de la Presse de grande distribution assure l'omniprésence du crime dans le quotidien. L'émergence de la fiction littéraire offre une autre forme de dialogue, un échange, une identité de faits entre le roman et les sciences criminelles, criminologie et criminalistique par notamment. Ce dialogue est donc utile ; didactique lorsqu'il concerne les littératures judiciaires, plus social lorsqu'il s'intéresse à la personnalité du criminelle, précurseur quand il influence les techniques d'investigation. Ce dialogue produit des effets. Des effets positifs en ce qu'il est, encore une fois, utile ; il influence la loi, la renseigne sur l'état des mœurs. A l'inverse, les effets peuvent être plus critiquables. L'omniprésence incontestée du crime dans ces formes diverses de littératures est susceptible d'engendrer une banalisation de la violence, particulièrement à l'égard des mineurs, mais aussi engendrer un effet criminogène à l'égard des plus faibles. Ce sont tous ces aspects qui sont étudiés dans la présente étudeCrime meets in all the forms of literatures, whether it is the theater, the classic novel, the novel, the philosophical essay, or still the literature youth, it is a fact. A dialogue takes place between these two entities. It expresses hitself at first through the entertainment of the public capital punishment. The end of the publicity of the penalty and the plebiscite of the spectators precipitate the advent of a first literature of the crime, the didactics, the judicial said literatures, introduced by the very judiciary. According to time, the other literatures, profane, sensational, also tell the judicial current events. Both rhetorics mix and influence. As the past entertainment, the criminal readings are a success. The advent of the Press of mass-market retailing insures the omnipresence of the crime in the everyday life. The emergence of the literary fiction offers another shape of dialogue, an exchange, an identity of facts between the n ovel and the criminal sciences, and forensic by in particular. This dialogue is thus useful; didactics when it concerns the judicial literatures, more social when it is interested in the personality of criminal, precursor when it influences the scientific investigation. This dialogue produces effects. Positive effects in the fact that he it is useful, once again; it influences the law, informs it about the state of the customs. On the contrary, the effects can be more open to criticism. The incontested omnipresence of the crime in these diverse forms of literatures may engender an everyday acceptance of the violence, particularly towards the minors, but also engender a bad influence towards the weakest. It is all these aspects which are studied in the present study
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Cartwright, Robert Oliver. "Third crime unlucky". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015729.
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This is a contemporary mystery novel set in the Eastern Cape. A town’s airstrip, situated between the golf club and the military base, acts as host to the local flying club and an active skydiving school. An amateur investigator uses unorthodox methods and the help of friends to find the cause of aeroplane fires and sabotage. His investigations lead him via geological research and insurance reports into contact with members of the aviation, property development and military fields.
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Dall'Agnol, Jury Antonio. "Vielas do crime". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94989.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Florianópolis, 2011Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T18:57:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 292130.pdf: 2559890 bytes, checksum: ab601e3aec54ac51d464de751fed1c03 (MD5)
Esta dissertação tem como proposta analisar duas obras literárias: Memórias de um rato de hotel (1912) de João do Rio e Os sete loucos e Os lança-chamas (1929/1931) de Roberto Arlt. O percurso da análise passa pelas reformas urbanas que ocorreram no Rio de Janeiro e em Buenos Aires, destacando como as vanguardas literárias usaram o cotidiano da cidade como tema para seus textos. Em seguida, o foco se volta para as obras em questão, onde através do cotejo entre notícias e imagens de jornais com as narrativas literárias dos autores é possível notar que mensagens distintas são efetivadas; nos periódicos, a imagem do criminoso desprezível e perigoso, incapaz de tomar parte na sociedade, e pela literatura, uma criminalidade romantizada que aponta o descaso das elites para com os marginalizados. Ao final, a análise prossegue buscando evidenciar como o trabalho jornalístico influenciou nas obras de João do Rio e Roberto Arlt, bem como o uso de imagens pictóricas e fotográficas foi importante para consolidar um sentido geral de uma nova sociedade baseada na ordem.
Esta disertación tiene como propuesta analice de dos obras literarias: Memorias de un ratón de hotel (1912) de João do Rio y Los siete locos y Los lanza-llamas (1929/1931) de Roberto Arlt. El recorrido del análisis pasa por las reformas urbanas que ocurrieron en el Rio de Janeiro y en Buenos Aires, destacando como las vanguardias literarias usan el cotidiano de la ciudad como tema para sus textos. Enseguida, el foco se vuelve para las obras en cuestión, donde a través del enfrentamiento entre noticias e imágenes de periódicos con las narrativas literarias de los autores es posible notar que mensajes distintos son realizadas; en los periódicos, la imagen del criminal bajo y peligroso, incapaz de tomar parte en la sociedad, y por la literatura, una criminalidad romantizada que apunta el desprecio de las élites para con las margénes. Al final, el análisis prosigue buscando poner de manifiesto como el trabajo periodístico influenció en las obras de João do Rio y Roberto Arlt, así como el uso de imágenes pictóricas y fotográficas fue importante para consolidar un sentido general de una nueva sociedad basada en la orden.
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Basso, Priscilla Mathes. "Crime e loucura". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/132409.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências Humanas, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-29T21:01:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333010.pdf: 35893758 bytes, checksum: 1c10e00803addc667dd82279566e0985 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
A presente tese de doutoramento busca identificar e analisar as configurações recentes do saber médico no campo da psiquiatria forense, do ponto de vista do seu papel nos processos de medicalização do crime. Interessou examinar, em particular, as estratégias interpretativas atuais da medicina psiquiátrica sobre a questão da periculosidade criminal e suas relações com a doença mental. A proposta de pesquisa respondeu ao interesse em analisar um conjunto de transformações bastante recentes observadas no desenvolvimento de uma prática que por mais de um século se mantinha inalterada, qual seja, a emissão de laudos de cessação de periculosidade de indivíduos detidos em estabelecimentos de custódia e tratamento psiquiátrico para cumprimento de medida de segurança em virtude de sentenças judiciais. Através desse tipo de avaliação psiquiátrica é definida a permanência, ou não, da periculosidade como atributo do individuo, sendo que a atribuição de periculosidade criminal  isto é, a probabilidade de voltar a cometer delitos com algum grau de violência em um futuro qualquer  é peça-chave da renovação do confinamento sob medida de segurança por tempo indeterminado ou até a realização de uma nova perícia. Levantou-se a hipótese de que o saber médico psiquiátrico estaria experimentando algumas transformações do ponto de vista da racionalidade na qual se sustenta e de suas articulações com estratégias biopolíticas mais amplas de gestão do crime. Entre as principais transformações, destaca-se a emergência de instrumentos padronizados de avaliação psiquiátrica da periculosidade criminal e suas conexões com a  nova penologia baseada na gestão de riscos. A partir de uma perspectiva bastante foucaultiana, formulou-se uma estratégia metodológica que compreendeu a analise de material empírico obtido através de fontes documentais, material bibliográfico e entrevistas a informantes-chave. Desse ponto de vista, foram particularmente examinados as modalidades enunciativas e o campo semântico dos modelos etiológico-terapêuticos sobre as relações entre saúde mental e comportamento criminal na psiquiatria contemporânea. Em termos de resultados, destacam-se algumas observações sobre o perfil atual das estratégias de medicalização do crime, tais como: (i) caráter não linear e contraditório dos processos de medicalização do crime, os quais também compreendem processos de desmedicalização de alguns dos seus objetos; (ii) caráter estruturante do risco como dispositivo biopolítico a respeito da emergência de instrumentos padronizados para a avaliação da periculosidade criminal; (iii) predomínio de modelos etiológicos que privilegiam fatores individuais e familiares, em detrimento de fatores sociais e estruturais, na interpretação psiquiátrica do crime; (iv) natureza profundamente moral das categorias médicas utilizadas na imputação de periculosidade criminal e (v) a convivência atual entre, de uma parte, as formas tradicionais de avaliação da periculosidade criminal, baseadas na avaliação clínica como insumo para a emissão de laudos forenses e, de outra parte, as formas de avaliação que se apoiam na aplicação de testes e de outros instrumentos padronizados de predição de comportamento e periculosidade criminais.
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Rocha, Júlia Siqueira da. "Castigo e crime". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/167953.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2016Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T04:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016Bitstream added on 2016-10-04T04:03:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 339964.pdf: 1536418 bytes, checksum: 3f481ba0f7c87ff8d830539b46f5ce0c (MD5)
A presente pesquisa permitiu defender a tese de que as instituições voltadas à proteção de adolescentes como setores especializados da justiça e a escola mobilizam saberes limitados, obtusos e preconceituosos sobre os processos atuais da adolescência, promovendo violências diversas travestidas de justiça, pois aparentam proteger e formar, mas ao contrário disso, potencializam as condutas de risco dos adolescentes criminalizados. A metodologia desenvolvida está centrada no interacionismo simbólico e inspirada na etnografia, com a combinação de uma série de recursos, sendo eles: diário de campo; análise documental; observação participante; e entrevistas. Nesta perspectiva, dezesseis adolescentes criminalizados, em situação de semiliberdade, que vivem em uma Casa de Acolhimento contam suas trajetórias de vida e ênfase na escolarização. Suas vozes ouvidas muitas vezes em entrevistas formais, em acompanhamento aos afazeres de suas vidas cotidianas, e misturadas nos atendimentos profissionais das instituições escolares e de justiça, revelam suas condutas de risco como o esforço pessoal de encontrar sentido numa sociedade hostil; como ponto de fuga para as misérias de um mundo que inclui a pobreza material, e que ultrapassa em medidas cruéis. São eles que nos contam sobre as injustiças de nascer pobre, num país em que a corrupção graça e se materializa nas instituições públicas. São eles também que nos contam como se organiza o sistema punitivo, as torturas e mortes. Algumas vozes dos profissionais do sistema de justiça e do sistema educativo foram destacadas para melhor compreensão de como as instituições se organizam e movimentam uma pseudorrealidade, em que estar na escola não assegura aprendizagem e encontrar o sistema de justiça não promove a vida boa, mas ao contrário, atuam num projeto não explícito, mas concreto de punir o já punido, de ao castigado, impor o crime e a exclusão. A análise dessas trajetórias se deu à luz da sociologia, em especial da teoria das condutas de risco de adolescentes, produzida por David Le Breton.
Abstract : The current research allowed the defense of the thesis that the institutions aimed at juvenile protection as justice and school s expert sectors mobilize limited, obtuse and prejudiced knowledge about the current adolescent processes, promoting violence disguised as justice, for they appear to protect and form, but instead potentiate the risk behaviors of criminalized adolescents. The developed methodology is centered in the symbolic interactionism, and is inspired by ethnography combining a series of resources, such as: field diary; documental analysis; participative observation; and interviews. Under this perspective, sixteen criminalized adolescents in a semi-freedom situation, living in a foster home, tell their lives and scholar trajectories. Their voices are heard uncountable times in formal interviews, in monitoring the affairs of their daily lives, and mixed in the professional services of educational and justice institutions, revealing their risk conducts as their personal efforts for finding meaning in a hostile society; as an escaping route away from the miseries of a world that includes material poverty, and that surpasses in cruel measures. They are the ones who tell us about the injustices of being born in poor families, in a country in which corruption materializes itself in public institutions. They are also the ones who tell us how the punitive system is organized, including tortures and deaths. Some voices of professionals of the educational and justice systems were highlighter for a better comprehension of how the institutions are organized and how they drive a pseudo-reality in which being at school does not guarantee learning, and in which finding the justice system does not promote a good life on the contrary, they act in a non-explicit project, but a project nonetheless concrete for punishing those already punished, for imposing crime and exclusion to the beaten ones. The analysis of these trajectories happened in the light of sociology, especially arising from the theory of adolescent s risk conducts produced by David Le Breton.
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Fish, Jacqueline T., Larry S. Miller, Michael C. Braswell i Edward W. Jr Wallace. "Crime Scene Investigation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1455775401.
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Crime Scene Investigation offers an innovative approach to learning about crime scene investigation, taking the reader from the first response on the crime scene to documenting crime scene evidence and preparing evidence for courtroom presentation. It includes topics not normally covered in other texts, such as forensic anthropology and pathology, arson and explosives, and the electronic crime scene. Numerous photographs and illustrations complement text material, and a chapter-by-chapter fictional narrative also provides the reader with a qualitative dimension of the crime scene experience.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1085/thumbnail.jpg
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Cunat, Sophie. "Le crime d'empoisonnement". Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN20002.
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Kahn, Karl. "Crime and equality, or crime and punishment? : population heterogeneity and fear of crime as determinants of redistribution preferences". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0cc102b1-c86d-4323-bfb0-3753c33baa33.
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Despite considerable research efforts, the relationship between inequality and demand for redistribution remains a highly contested topic within comparative political economy. This paper argues that a central yet widely overlooked mechanism linking macro-level income inequality to preferences for redistribution has to with the micro-level implications of certain externalities of inequality. Focusing on fear of crime, as one such externality, I argue that because (i) in- equality and crime are positively related, and (ii) because crime and fear of crime have a negative effect in individual utility, it follows that increasing in- equality should have a positive effect on support for redistribution. Importantly, however, the argument of this paper also recognises that redistribution is but one of several means through which a concern about crime can be addressed, with the most relevant alternatives being increased policing and harsher punitive measures. Drawing on literatures in criminology and political sociology, I theorise that a key determinant of this choice | between redistribution and policing/punishment as alternative approaches to dealing with crime | is the level of ethnic heterogeneity in the population. Taken together, therefore, this paper's argument implies that inequality will have differential effects on support for redistribution in different contexts: in cases where the population is homogenous, fear of crime - and by consequence inequality - will boost demand for redistribution, whilst no such effects will follow in contexts of high heterogeneity. Using a two-step statistical methodology, I analyse Eurobarometer and ESS data from 21 OECD countries and find persuasive empirical support for my theoretical expectations. Fear of crime is more strongly associated to support for redistribution when the level of population heterogeneity remains low, whilst the opposite holds true for the relationship between fear of crime and support for policing and punishment.
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Polat, Esra. "Spatio-temporal Crime Prediction Model Based On Analysis Of Crime Clusters". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608881/index.pdf.
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Crime is a behavior disorder that is an integrated result of social, economical and environmental factors. In the world today crime analysis is gaining significance and one of the most popular subject is crime prediction. Stakeholders of crime intend to forecast the place, time, number of crimes and crime types to get precautions. With respect to these intentions, in this thesis a spatio-temporal crime prediction model is generated by using time series forecasting with simple spatial disaggregation approach in Geographical Information Systems (GIS).
The model is generated by utilizing crime data for the year 2003 in Bahçelievler and Merkez Ç
ankaya police precincts. Methodology starts with obtaining clusters with different clustering algorithms. Then clustering methods are compared in terms of land-use and representation to select the most appropriate clustering algorithms. Later crime data is divided into daily apoch, to observe spatio-temporal distribution of crime. In order to predict crime in time dimension a time series model (ARIMA) is fitted for each week day, Then the forecasted crime occurrences in time are disagregated according to spatial crime cluster patterns. Hence the model proposed in this thesis can give crime prediction in both space and time to help police departments in tactical and planning operations.
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Zhong, Yueying, i 鍾月英. "Communities, crime and social capital: crime prevention in two Shenzhen communites". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245110.
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O'Malley, Craig. "Crime and consensus : elite perceptions of crime in Sheffield, 1919-1929". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14750/.
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This is a study of prevailing perceptions of crime during the 1920s. By focussing on the enunciations of the Sheffield elite some of the key factors shaping dominant attitudes to crime throughout Britain during this period are identified. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of a historically specific approach. A detailed analysis of contemporary newspaper coverage and other literary sources reveals such perceptions to be shaped by the complex interplay of broad social currents and more immediate concerns. It is argued that in the decade following the Great War crime formed a relatively minor topic of debate. There also prevailed a low-key response to offending and a markedly progressive view about crime. This optimistic conception of crime owed much to the apparent rehabilitative capacity of the offender and the perceived successes in reducing illegality through positive measures of state welfare. Yet, emphasis upon the specificities of the period reveals the primacy of contemporary political urgencies in shaping attitudes to crime. Though crime was an infrequent focus of discussion the discourse of progressive criminal reform offered one of the few areas of consensus in a society characterised by conflict. Elite enunciations about crime were intimately related to their mission of forging social consensus. Key individuals in the city repeatedly played down the extent of crime and praised the law-abiding character of ordinary people. Here is rejected the conviction that crime panics are an inevitable concomitant of economic and social crisis. Despite the profound anxiety that gripped the middle classes during this turbulent period, there prevailed amongst the Sheffield elite a markedly relaxed view of crime and criminals. Criminal and penal policy offered an exemplary model for broader welfare intervention and constructive political engagement between contending classes.
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Moller, Valerie. "Living with crime: Does crime affect victims' perceived quality of life?" Institute for Security Studies (ISS), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6027.
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Crime is thought to be a major concern that shapes the everyday lives of South Africans. But what impact does living with high levels of crime have on the mindset of ordinary citizens? A recent household crime victimisation study conducted in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality provides tentative answers to this question.
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Fresco, Joana Costa Pereira. "As burlas como crime económico: um olhar sobre o crime e características dos ofensores". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4769.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em CriminologiaA Criminalidade Económica, também muitas vezes referenciada como Crimes de Colarinho Branco centra-se numa temática de importante relevância no contexto social atual. Cada vez mais, se verifica a evolução de uma sociedade consumista, onde lucros e o ganho financeiro e monetário dos indivíduos começa a demonstrar um papel central na sua vivência e experiência do dia-a-dia. Não tão notados encontram-se crimes económicos mais pequenos, como é o caso de burla a título individual e não a título organizacional. Sendo assim, este estudo pretende abordar a temática das burlas tendo como principal alvo os seus ofensores. Pretende-se aprofundar o conhecimento relativamente aos mesmos, procurando criar uma tipologia que os possa diferenciar e caraterizar. Este estudo revelou a existência de uma tipologia ao nível do “modus operandi” destes ofensores, dando origem aos ofensores designados por ofensores oportunistas e ofensores predadores, conforme as suas caraterísticas representativas. Tornou possível ainda uma comparação entre os diferentes estudos e informações empíricas já existentes relativamente à grande Criminalidade Económica, procedendo-se a conclusões que distanciam e aproximam os ofensores cujas vítimas são na maioria indivíduos e ofensores cujas vítimas são na sua maioria corporações e organizações. Este estudo procurou ainda tentar relacionar algumas caraterísticas pessoais relativamente ao seu meio social, com caraterísticas encontradas em ofensores de Crimes de Colarinho Branco.
The economic crimes, many times referred as White Collar Crimes, develop a major role in the actual social concept. A social evolution through consumerism has been noted leading individuals to embrace profit and personal wealth as a priority. Nevertheless few attention has been drawn to smaller types of economics crimes like low profile scams. This study intents to increase knowledge about the offenders responsible for this type of crime. It also thrives to feature the common main characteristics and differences between these types of offenders through the development of a typology. It has been shown in this paper that the offenders can be grouped according to their modus operandi which led to the upbringing of the concept related to two types of offenders: the opportunistic offender and the predator offender. This study also enabled a comparison between the information acquired from the literature and the data acquired from this investigation. Thus it was possible to relate some of the personal characteristics of the offenders responsible for scams with the characteristics of the White Collar Crime offenders.
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Ramos, Cristina Vanessa Paiva. "Crimes contra o Património: o adolescente enquanto potencial transgressor no crime de dano". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4041.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos
requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em CriminologiaDe acordo com as Estatísticas Oficiais da Justiça, nos últimos anos, os crimes contra o património aumentaram gradualmente. Como tal, o presente projeto atribuirá um particular interesse à caracterização de jovens delinquentes enquanto transgressores neste tipo de crime. O estudo tem como objetivo obter o perfil de potenciais transgressores quanto ao crime de dano, bem como às suas motivações subjacentes. Para tal, procurar-se-á descrever e compreender de um modo geral, os mecanismos societários geradores da delinquência, bem como os fatores de socialização e as características de personalidade que propiciam a uma carreira criminosa. Desta forma, procedeu-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica aprofundada e a uma investigação de natureza empírica (de trato quantitativo), para dar resposta aos objetivos delineados.
According to the official statistics of Justice, in recent years, crimes against property gradually increased. As such, this project will assign a particular interest to characterize young offenders while offenders in this type of crime. The study aims to obtain the profile of potential offenders about the crime of damage, as well as their underlying motivations. For this purpose, it will seek to describe and understand in general, the mechanisms generating corporate delinquency, as well as factors of socialization and personality characteristics that provide a criminal career. Thus, we proceeded to a thorough literature review and empirical research (quantitative tract), to meet the goals outlined
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Sundberg, Jacob. "Linking crime through modus operandi. On linking Series of Crime into Single Offenders through Sructured Collection of Crime Scene Information". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25526.
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The current paper is aimed at providing an overview of the current state of research regarding the potential of linking series of crimes to single offenders through repeated modus operandi behaviors. A systematic literature review was conducted to document findings from previous evaluation research as to the predictive accuracy of crime linkage specific to residential burglary. The findings indicate that predictions of linked burglaries can be made with moderate to high predictive accuracy. In order to get an understanding of the extent to which residential burglary offenders repeat their crime scene behaviors, the findings are discussed in relation to the criminological theories Routine activities theory and the Rational Choice perspective. Future research is suggested.
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Benge, G. Jack. "Partners in crime federal crime control policy and the states, 1894-1938 /". Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1162821110.
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Benge, Guy Jack Jr. "Partners in Crime: Federal Crime Control Policy and the States, 1894 – 1938". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162821110.
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Nilsson, Linn. "The portrayal of Crime : Printed news media's representation of crime in Malmö". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45495.
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In today's modern society we are highly exposed to different media in our everyday life, and individuals may spend a large part of their time taking part in media debates, news and other information shared on different media channels. Through this, news media have become an influential factor for how individuals in today's society perceive and construct reality, and consequently the public's perception of crime. This critical analysis strives to elucidate how crime in Malmö is presented in Swedish newspapers. This report is centered on which discourses emerge throughout the chosen empirical material, how different crime types are presented and how victims and perpetrators are constructed in this material. By studying how Malmö is presented through a commonly used news media source, it is possible to uncover how collective understandings of crime are created and affirmed, which is essential in order to be able to influence this established (but arguably somewhat radical) image. Newspapers' presentation of Malmö differs from the description of other major cities in Sweden, and Malmö is often illustrated as a dangerous or unsafe city with high crime rates. The perception of crime in Malmö given through the official statistics are overshadowed by news media's accentuation of violent and lethal crime. A skewed division of crime reporting, may therefore be an important factor for the public's perception of crime in Malmö. Crimes are depicted as an effect of larger societal problems and an integral part of everyday life. Few articles dispute the established image of Malmö as dangerous, and the few who do only briefly highlight this to an extremely limited extent, resulting in the preservation and reproduction of the majority's presentation of Malmö as a dangerous or unsecure city.
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Zugschwerdt, Marc. "'Designing out Crime' – A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Crime in Umeå". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137192.
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The creation of sustainable and safe environments nowadays moves more and more into focus for urban planners and architects. Cities should be designed in a way to contribute to social cohesion, shaping an inclusive environment and focusing on the wellbeing of its citizens. Nevertheless, these processes can be undermined by public crime and the fear of crime, which is not only affecting aspects of personal safety but also affecting the people’s behaviour. Reasons why criminality occurs are manifold, impacted by a dynamic set of socioeconomic, demographic, personal but also environmental aspects. In recent years especially the impact of factors related to urban and environmental design respectively planning received rising attention in the field of crime prevention. However, the implementation of strategies regarding ‘crime prevention through environmental design’ or ‘designing out crime’ is still in its early stage in Sweden. This study aims to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of public crime for the case of Umeå in order to identify potential risk areas, which could receive particular attention regarding crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). In this sense a GIS based spatial analysis had the aim to detect statistically significant hotspots of crime and furthermore to assess the development of these hotspots over time. In order to understand the nature of public crime and criminal behaviour in Umeå in a more holistic way, also temporal aspects regarding the occurrence of crime were analysed. One particularly vulnerable neighbourhood was examined with a qualitative field observation regarding the principles of crime prevention through environmental design in order to assess in which way the built environment is designed and suited to prevent and deter criminality. Umeå displays rather clear patterns of higher crime activity, assigned to seasonal, weakly and daily periods, which are connected to higher activity in the public space. Also from a spatial perspective certain patterns are detectable with a higher vulnerability for crime at spots which generate higher activity such as shopping areas or neighbourhoods with nightlife and transport hub functions, and in general neighbourhoods with a higher building density. The neighbourhood of Ålidhem displayed thereby a high concentration of criminality, marked as a constant or even intensifying hotspot for the entire period of investigation. The results of the field observation regarding principles of CPTED are especially indicating a lack of maintenance and furthermore the street and building layout is contributing to disorientation. On the other hand, the area is in most cases well equipped for natural surveillance and provides a high amount of locations for leisure and recreation in order strengthen social cohesion.
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Quist, Theron Macay 1960. "Homelessness, crime, and the police: Crime and order maintenance on the street". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282097.
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The intent of this dissertation is to examine crime among the homeless, focusing on social context. Most research on homelessness and crime focuses on differences between rates of crime among the homeless and the domiciled. Researchers pay less attention to aspects of homeless life increasing probabilities of crime commission or police contact. The first issue examined was whether need is the primary motivator for crimes of the homeless. Given that most homeless people lack resources and yet only a minority commit crime, the key question became, "Why do some commit crime while others do not?" Information regarding a wide range of "survival" behaviors was collected by administering structured interviews to 399 homeless people in Philadelphia, Detroit, and Tucson. With these data, the relations among a variety of aspects of homeless life were examined. While alternative survival behaviors were predicted by barriers to regular work, crime was not predicted, casting serious doubt on need as the major motivator for crime in this population. This finding raised the second issue of the dissertation, "Do accepted theories of crime predict homeless crime?". Two of the theories examined (social learning and self-control theory) predicted crime in this population. Several factors are significant across the range of crimes discussed: cocaine and alcohol use, work history, staying in shelters, deviant acquaintances, non-conventional beliefs, and drug (or alcohol) abuse in the family. The third issue is the way in which the routine activities of the homeless interact with policing practices. The most significant change in patterns of homelessness is the decrease in accommodations for the extremely poor, and the related decline of space available to the homeless. The major consequence of this change is that the homeless are dislodged from areas traditionally available for use. This, combined with increases in the homeless population, compels the homeless to spend more time in prime space, or space valued by the community. This is significant, because as the numbers of homeless in prime space increases, their daily routines are more likely to bring them into contact with the police.
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Sen, Osman N. "Criminal Justice Responses to Emerging Computer Crime Problems". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2866/.
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This study discussed the issue of computer crime as it relates to the criminal justice system, specifically law enforcement. The information was gathered through several books, academic journals, governmental documents, and the Internet. First, the nature and forms of computer crime, Internet crime, and cyber terrorism were analyzed. Next, law enforcement responses were discussed. International aspects of the problem were separately pointed out. Further, detection and investigation of computer crime were examined. Problems related to the each component of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, investigators, prosecutors, and judges) were described. Specific solutions to these problems were offered. In addition, computer crime handling procedures were presented. Results indicate that computer crime will increase in the 21st century, and this problem cannot be controlled by traditional methods alone. Using new technology as preventive measures, and increasing awareness and security conscious culture will prevent the problem in the long run.
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Freitas, Idalina Maria Almeida de. "Crimes passionais em Fortaleza: o cotidiano construído nos processos-crime nas primeiras décadas do século XX". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13019.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-18Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This dissertation is centered in the analysis of the sex relationships in Fortaleza at the beginning of the XX century, above all between the years 20 and 30. The documental base of the research is constituted, mainly, with three types of sources: criminal proceedings, newspapers and written opinions of jurists. The objective of the research is to rebuild and to analyze the histories of poor and common historical subjects involved by the passion and the crime and wrapped up in work, violence and sex relationships. We still observe the moral and structural changes existing in the city between these years and the influence that they exercise on the actions of passion crimes, that are important factors and that interfere in the analysis, as well as the transforming and power-related human elements. The work was constituted in three chapters - "The Price of Betrayal: homicide as apex of a Plot"; "Multiple voices: Crime Processes"; and "Passions and Existences" , in which the relationship among the city, the day to day and the criminal proceedings is seen and reviewed in accordance with the approaches proposed in each item. Such being the case, this study does not intend to handle all the aspects of the crime in their legal characteristics, but to prioritize the actions of the day to day before and after the crime. And what are the inquietudes of this search? Would they just be related to the subject of violence or crime? There is no pretension to build a history of the victims, either to accomplish a historical essay of the feminine oppression. On the contrary. The intent is to leave explicit the game of tensions and conflicts happened in defined time and space. In this study, the search for the "truths" implies in trying to realize in the interlines the characters, urban space, fears, uses and recreations in the experience of the day to day
Esta dissertação encontra-se centrada na análise das relações de gênero em Fortaleza no início do século XX, sobretudo entre os anos 20 e 30. A base documental da pesquisa constitui-se, principalmente, com três tipos de fontes: processos criminais, jornais e escritos de juristas. O objetivo da pesquisa é reconstruir e analisar as histórias de sujeitos históricos pobres e comuns envolvidos pela paixão e pelo crime e envoltos em relações de trabalho, violência e gênero. Observam-se, ainda, as mudanças morais e estruturais presentes na cidade entre esses anos e a influência que exerceram nas ações dos crimes passionais, fatores importantes e que interferem na análise, bem como os elementos humanos transformadores e de poder. O trabalho constituiu-se em três capítulos O Preço da Traição: o homicídio como ápice de uma Trama ; Múltiplas vozes: Processos-Crime ; e Paixões e Vivências , nos quais a relação entre a cidade, o cotidiano e os processos criminais é vista e revista de acordo com as abordagens propostas em cada item. Assim, este estudo não se propõe a dar conta de todos os aspectos do crime em suas características legais, mas a priorizar as ações do cotidiano antes e depois do crime. E quais são as inquietações dessa busca? Estariam apenas relacionadas à questão da violência ou do crime? Não se tem a pretensão de construir uma história das vítimas, tampouco de realizar um ensaio histórico da opressão feminina. Pelo contrário. O intuito é deixar explícito o jogo de tensões e conflitos ocorrido num tempo e num espaço definidos. Neste estudo, a busca pelas verdades implica tentar perceber nas entrelinhas os personagens, o espaço urbano, os medos, os usos e as recriações na experiência do cotidiano
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Zuber, Franziska. "Essays on Economic Crime". St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02603009002/$FILE/02603009002.pdf.
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D'Este, Rocco. "Black markets and crime". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80052/.
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Since Becker’s seminal work (1968), economists have investigated the determinants of crime using of a cost-benefit analysis. But, while extensive research has focused on incentives related to sanctions, deterrence and legal labor market opportunities, the effects of Black Markets (i.e. markets in which goods and services are illegally traded) on crime have been generally overlooked. Two main obstacles have hindered such an analysis. First, black markets are by definition clandestine. Hence, these are very hard to measure. Secondly, these markets are not randomly assigned to geographic locations, but rather endogenously located, following existing economic trends or cross-sectional area characteristics. This PhD thesis aims to partially fill this gap. I investigate the effects on criminal activity of 1) markets for stolen goods and 2) markets for illegal drugs.