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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, in art"
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Kimanga, Davies O., Valeria N. B. Makory, Amin S. Hassan, Faith Ngari, Margaret M. Ndisha, Kennedy J. Muthoka, Lydia Odero, Gonza O. Omoro, Appolonia Aoko i Lucy Ng’ang’a. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine HIV care and antiretroviral treatment outcomes in Kenya: A nationally representative analysis". PLOS ONE 18, nr 11 (27.11.2023): e0291479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291479.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic adversely disrupted global health service delivery. We aimed to assess impact of the pandemic on same-day HIV diagnosis/ART initiation, six-months non-retention and initial virologic non-suppression (VnS) among individuals starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kenya. Methods Individual-level longitudinal service delivery data were analysed. Random sampling of individuals aged >15 years starting ART between April 2018 –March 2021 was done. Date of ART initiation was stratified into pre-COVID-19 (April 2018 –March 2019 and April 2019 –March 2020) and COVID-19 (April 2020 –March 2021) periods. Mixed effects generalised linear, survival and logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on same-day HIV diagnosis/ART initiation, six-months non-retention and VnS, respectively. Results Of 7,046 individuals sampled, 35.5%, 36.0% and 28.4% started ART during April 2018 –March 2019, April 2019 –March 2020 and April 2020 –March 2021, respectively. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the COVID-19 period had higher same-day HIV diagnosis/ART initiation (adjusted risk ratio [95% CI]: 1.09 [1.04–1.13], p<0.001) and lower six-months non-retention (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.58–0.74], p<0.001). Of those sampled, 3,296 (46.8%) had a viral load test done at a median 6.2 (IQR, 5.3–7.3) months after ART initiation. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, there was no significant difference in VnS during the COVID-19 period (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.79 [95%% CI: 0.52–1.20], p = 0.264). Conclusions In the short term, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have an adverse impact on HIV care and treatment outcomes in Kenya. Timely, strategic and sustained COVID-19 response may have played a critical role in mitigating adverse effects of the pandemic and point towards maturity, versatility and resilience of the HIV program in Kenya. Continued monitoring to assess long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care and treatment program in Kenya is warranted.
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Albeitawi, Soha, Zina Al-Alami, Khaldoun Khamaiseh, Lama Al Mehaisen, Almu’atasim Khamees i Jehan Hamadneh. "Conception Preferences during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns". Behavioral Sciences 12, nr 5 (13.05.2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12050144.
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Background: The COVID-19 lockdowns imposed new challenges to couples who were planning to conceive. In this research paper, we aimed to study the perceptions of women in Jordan during the pandemic regarding fertility behavior, the desire to use assisted reproductive technology (ART) and the awareness and beliefs of potential risks related to conception. Methods: A validated online-based questionnaire was distributed to women from April–May 2020, Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS version 22 and R software (2020); p values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The total number of participants was 814 women, with 78.2% of the participants (58.7% fertile and 76.6% infertile) believing that pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic could be risky. Among them, 16% and 40%, respectively, were trying to conceive during the pandemic, and 97.4% and 89.9%, respectively, were not willing to use ART if needed during the pandemic. Young, nulliparous women who were married for less than one year were significantly associated with the desire to conceive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: This study concluded that the fertility behavior of women in Jordan changed during the pandemic, and their desire for natural conception and for using ART declined, as they believed that there were potential risks related to conceiving during the pandemic. However, the effect was greater among the general fertile population than the infertile.
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Toptchiyska, Denitza. "Protection of privacy in the period of Covid-19 pandemic". Law Journal of New Bulgarian University 16, nr 2 (4.03.2021): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ljnbu.20.2.2.
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During the pandemic of COVID-19 in April 2020 the Ministry of Health in Bulgaria began the administration of the Virusafe contact tracking application. With the Law on Emergency Measures and Actions, declared by a decision of the National Assembly of 13th March 2020 amendments to the Electronic Communications Act were adopted. The purpose of the legislative amendments was to provide access of the competent authorities to the localization data from the public electronic communication networks of the individuals, who have refused or do not fulfill the obligatory isolation or treatment under art. 61 of the Health Act. This publication aims to analyze the main features of mobile applications for tracking the contacts of infected persons, as well as the adopted legislative changes, comparing them with the standards of personal data protection provided in the EU General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 and Directive 2002/58/EC on the right to privacy and electronic communications.
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Lockheart, Julia. "Painting and Socializing COVID-19 Dreams". International Journal of Surrealism 1, nr 2 (marzec 2024): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ijs.2024.a922369.
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Abstract: A catastrophic worldwide trauma occurred with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, which caused changes in the content of dreams worldwide. In response to this, the science art collaboration DreamsID (Dreams Interpreted and Drawn; Dreams Illustrated and Discussed) held dream salons online, from March to July 2020, to explore the effects of the pandemic on the dreams of healthcare professionals and keyworkers. In each salon a worldwide audience discussed the dream of a key worker, and the dream was painted simultaneously so as to return the dream to a visual form. Three of these dreams are described here. Each is shown to reflect metaphorically the adverse circumstances of the pandemic. The painting of each dream is reproduced, with feedback from each dreamer about this process. This article shows how, through discussion with others, the socialization of the dream results in an artistic intervention and a collaborative act of creativity. It concludes that the dream salon, as a forum, combines the dream and rational waking life of the dreamer, one of the key aims of Surrealism.
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He, Yuan, i Robert J. Vinci. "Uncertainty in the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Art of Medicine". Pediatrics 147, nr 5 (9.02.2021): e2020042937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-042937.
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Eidsaa, Randi Margrethe. "Aesthetic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: The corona performance No Problama". Routledge Open Research 2 (26.01.2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/routledgeopenres.17719.2.
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This article highlights the artistic project No Problama, which was created during the COVID-19 crisis. The discussion takes its point of departure in revisiting the project, aiming to discover new meanings, expand knowledge about art as response to crises and more profound understanding of connecting art and society when explored two years after completion. The investigation is inspired by international research on the function of art during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article includes references to art and music projects published in 2020 as creative, aesthetic responses, which reflected how people worldwide used artistic expressions to release fear and anxiety during the first months of the lockdown. The No Problama project was developed from August 2020 to May 2021 as a primary school and university collaboration in a small city close to the University of Agder in Kristiansand, Norway. The project exemplifies what was later referred to as "corona-music" or "corona-art". It is discussed as an aesthetic response to the COVID-19 pandemic using approaches from music aesthetics, music education and research in the arts. A retrospective exploration made it evident that the No Problama artistic expressions became representations of COVID-19-pandemic aesthetics. Thus, the project illustrates one path of intervention between art and crisis in a specific context where each component was developed and tailored to a situation affected by strict national health regulations.
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Osei, Eric, Hubert Amu, Gideon Kye-Duodu, Mavis Pearl Kwabla, Evans Danso, Fred N. Binka i So Yoon Kim. "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Tuberculosis and HIV services in Ghana: An interrupted time series analysis". PLOS ONE 18, nr 9 (20.09.2023): e0291808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291808.
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Introduction The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) burden, coupled with unprecedented control measures including physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns of cities, implemented to stop the spread of the virus, have undoubtedly far-reaching aftereffects on other diseases. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), a particular worry is the potential impact on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB), as a consequence of possible disruption to health services and limiting access to needed life-saving health care. In Ghana, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on disease control, particularly TB and HIV control. This study sought to contribute to bridging this knowledge gap. Method The study involved the analysis of secondary data obtained from the District Health Information Management System-2 (DHIMS-2) database of Ghana Health Service, from 2016 to 2020. Data were analysed using an interrupted time-series regression approach to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on TB case notification, HIV testing, and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) initiations, using March 2020 as the event period. Results The study showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic period, there was an abrupt decline of 20.5% (955CI: 16.0%, 24.5%) in TB case notifications in April and 32.7% (95%CI: 28.8%, 39.1%) in May 2020, with a median monthly decline of 21.4% from April-December 2020. A cumulative loss of 2,128 (20%; 95%CI: 13.3%, 26.7%) TB cases was observed nationwide as of December 2020. There was also a 40.3% decrease in people presenting for HIV tests in the first month of COVID-19 (April 2020) and a cumulative loss of 262620 (26.5%) HIV tests as of December 2020 attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. ART initiations increased by 39.2% in the first month and thereafter decreased by an average of 10% per month from May to September 2020. Cumulatively, 443 (1.9%) more of the people living with HIV initiated ART during the pandemic period, however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted TB case notifications and HIV testing and counselling services, However, ART initiation was generally not impacted during the first year of the pandemic. Proactive approaches aimed at actively finding the thousands of individuals with TB who were missed in 2020 and increasing HIV testing and counselling and subsequent treatment initiations should be prioritised.
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Alamsyah i Siti Maziyah. "The Influence of Covid-19 Pandemic on Emprak Art in Jepara". E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131704002.
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This article was to explain how the Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia from the beginning of 2020 to 2021 had an effect on Empark Art existence in Jepara. The purpose of the study was to describe analytically the impact of covid on the emprak art existence and how to make emprak art in Jepara sustainable. The method used was a descriptive qualitative and historical method. The results showed that the Covid-19 pandemic had reduced the Emprak art performance. This decline affected the artists’ creativity and economic income. On the creativity side, they rarely practice because there were no performances. This condition hampered the regeneration process. The artists, especially the younger generation, were more focused on activities outside the arts. From the economic side, the artist’s income had also decreased, and even there was no income anymore. On the other hand, the regulations of staging prohibition to prevent the spread of COVID-19 had made emprak art even worse. This was what made this art suspended. Therefore, there needs to be an effort from the artists, government, and the supporting community so that this art can survive and be sustainable. The conclusion showed that the Covid-19 pandemic had an effect on the emprak existence related to the artists’ income and regeneration process.
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Bai, Gegentuul Hongye. "Fighting COVID-19 with Mongolian fiddle stories". Multilingua 39, nr 5 (25.09.2020): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2020-0087.
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AbstractThis article examines the recontextualization of traditional Mongolian verbal art khuuriin ülger (‘fiddle story’) by Mongolian folk singers in the context of the spread of COVID-19 in Inner Mongolia, China. Drawing on the concept of intertextuality, I analyze the verbal and visual signs in 94 videos of Mongolian fiddle stories. The article argues that the minority Mongols participate in the dominant global and national discourses while at the same time creating a sense of Mongolian-ness by marrying Mongolian verbal art with public health messages related to COVID-19. The article also finds that the multivocal COVID-19 Mongolian fiddle stories are a medium to articulate the very heteroglot sense of the world in which minority Mongols dwell and to construct and reaffirm their multi-layered identities. The study contributes to our understanding of how traditional genres and symbols evolve in response to the pandemic.
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Eidsaa, Randi Margrethe. "Aesthetic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: The corona performance No Problama". Routledge Open Research 2 (31.03.2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/routledgeopenres.17719.1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article highlights the artistic project No Problama, which was created during the COVID-19 crisis. The discussion takes its point of departure in revisiting the project, aiming to discover new meanings and more profound understanding when explored one year after completion. The investigation is inspired by international research on the function of art during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article includes references to art and music projects published in 2020 as creative, aesthetic responses, which reflected how people worldwide used artistic expressions to release fear and anxiety during the first months of the lockdown. The No Problama project was developed from August 2020 to May 2021 as a primary school and university collaboration in a small city close to the University of Agder in Kristiansand, Norway. The project exemplifies what was later referred to as "corona-music" or "corona-art". It is discussed as an aesthetic response to the COVID-19 pandemic using approaches from arts-based research. A retrospective exploration made it evident that the No Problama artistic expressions became representations of COVID-19-pandemic aesthetics. Thus, the project illustrates one path of intervention between art and crisis in a specific context where each component was developed and tailored to a situation affected by strict national health regulations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, in art"
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Widman, Cecilia. "Fostering Cooperative Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic : A case study on coffee cooperatives' operations during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100539.
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This study investigates the resilience of coffee cooperatives and producer organizations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and explores their adaptations to the context in relation to their livelihood capitals. The changes to their operations are analyzed through the contexts of shocks, trends and stresses and how they perceived these threats. The topic of research is relevant given the economic and social importance of cooperatives in these communities and potential impacts to their operations during COVID-19, which is likely to have long-term impacts locally and within the global setting.There is a lack of consensus regarding the classification of cooperatives as resilient organizations, with much of the previous research focusing on financial crisis or natural disasters. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented event on a global scale with far-reaching impacts into social, economic and political spheres, and examining these effects is still a developing realm within academic research. The relationship of coffee producers and their organizations within the global commodity chains renders such organizations particularly vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 and government policy interventions. Investigating how coffee cooperatives in Honduras have been operating throughout the COVID-19 pandemic assesses their potential capacity for resilience by examining how they have been impacted and the manners in which they have overcome these challenges. This further allows for increased understanding of cooperative resilience and ways in which cooperatives’ capital have the potential to impact their resilience.This research follows an abductive qualitative case study and utilizes semi-structured interviews from various coffee cooperatives and organizations in Honduras as primary sources with existing literature as secondary sources. The interviews were conducted remotely. The findings include accounts from cooperatives and producer organizations, which focus primarily on coffee production, in addition to reports from a privately owned coffee production enterprise and a cooperative member. The Vulnerability Context and Asset Pentagon, components of the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Framework as described by the Department for International Development, were used to analyze the data, along with variables to assess organizational resilience. The study finds that investments to organizations’ human and social capital were prioritized and heavily relied upon during this crisis and the more established organizations had a larger range of resources from which to draw upon. Nevertheless, by continuing to develop and expand on human and social capital, cooperative organizations can increase their capacity for resilience.
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Lindfors, Camilla. "Long covid, support bubbles, and quarantine raves : Neologisms in English since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42539.
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Waller, Gary. "The economic impacts of Covid-19 on 4-star hotels in London and Stockholm in 2020". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45889.
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The global tourism and hospitality industry has benefitted from years of consecutive growth over recent times. However, the health crisis of Covid-19 in 2020 wiped trillions in USD off the industry’s economy taking it back to 1990 levels. Travel restrictions have been implemented across 100% of the world’s destinations at some point since the start of the pandemic, leaving many tourism organisations fighting for economic survival. The impacts to both the demand (travellers) and supply (hotels) to tourism destinations and organisations has resulted in loss of revenue and jobs globally, impacting individuals, families, tourism organisations and countries. With little or no tourism demand, the hospitality industry has been one of the biggest sectors impacted by Covid-19, with hotels bearing the brunt of the economic impacts. This paper looks to discuss if the economic impacts of crises in hotels can be limited by implementing certain strategies or crisis management techniques (CMTs). The paper contributes to the tourism and hospitality industry’s knowledge of crises and the impacts on 4-star hotels specifically, comparing two destinations in Europe, London and Stockholm, to identify if CMTs can be implemented to limit the economic impacts for future crises. This in turn will allow hotel senior managers (HSMs) to implement CMTs to reduce the economic impacts of crises in their hotels. Research is gathered from academic sources, media outlets and primary sources, offering a holistic analysis of Covid-19’s economic impacts in hotels, looking past just financial impacts but wider. A cross comparison of city hotels looks to assess differences in CMTs, gathering primary research and data from HSMs who are in the middle of the crisis and its impacts. Results determine that crises impact destinations differently and thus CMTs will alter depending upon the crisis impacts to a specific hotel or destination. However, there are many strategies that can be implemented to reduce the economic impacts, with the empirical results alluding to many successful CMTs, although these must be relevant and specific to the crisis, hotel and destination.
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Leshnak, Shelby. "The New Normal: An Examination of Home Working Environments in Post-Pandemic America". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623241499100821.
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Ta, Sofia. "COVID-19 Pandemic: To Be in the Focus of Media : A Critical Discourse Analysis of Denmark and Sweden's News Media's Reporting on the Coronavirus Pandemic in 2020". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44804.
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Aim and research questions: This study investigates how the corona pandemic COVID-19 has been noticed and presented in the news reporting of a Danish newspaper and a Swedish newspaper in their digital news feed. The study is based on the following questions: ● What discursive themes can be identified in Danish and Swedish news reporting on COVID-19 in 2020? ● What are linguistic features used in the headline of the articles in Danish and Swedishnews media? ● How can the Danish and Swedish media reports on COVID-19 be explained by discourse analysis and theoretical framework? Method and material: The study has used a qualitative method with a critical discourse analysis that uses Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional analysis model to analyze a total of 48 articles from Aftonbladet and Kristeligt Dagblad. Main result: The study results show an overview of how news media reporting from Aftonbladet and Kristeligt Dagblad shapes the COVID-19 pandemic with four discursive themes: infection, information, restriction, and immunity. They shaped the discourses onCOVID-19 through a critical perspective in relation to the actions of politicians and authorities and their handling. Linguistic features are used to construct our society during the pandemic to capture readers' attention through the headlines. These have been in the form of metaphorical and charged words that reflect either negative or positive emotional reactions. It also highlights that the media has an influence on how things look; they can consciously or unconsciously make us feel a certain way. As a result, people perceive things differently and can sometimes misunderstand information.
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Bergström, Linda. ""Det har varit en tråkigare säsong" : Elitidrottares upplevelser av förändring i motivation under våren och sommaren 2020 med Covid-19 pandemin". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Psykologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35259.
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Inom elitidrott beskrivs motivation som något essentiellt för att idrottare ska orka träna och göra det som krävs för att försöka bli bäst i världen. Motivation kan undersökas med hjälp av Self-determination theory där tre grundbehov: autonomi, tillhörighet och kompetens, måste vara uppfyllda för att en inre självbestämmande motivation ska kunna uppnås. Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på hur elitidrottares motivation förändrades under våren och sommaren 2020 när Covid-19 pandemin satte idrottsvärlden på paus med inställda tävlingar och ett uppskjutet OS. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med individuella elitidrottare genomfördes och analyserades med en teoristyrd tematisk analys. Studien kom fram till att elitidrottarna upplevde att deras grundbehov inom motivation påverkades, både positivt och negativt, av Covid-19 pandemin. Studien bidrar till ökad förståelse för elitidrottares behov under pandemin och inom vilka områden de behöver extra stöd.In elite sports, motivation is described as an essential factor an athlete must have to undergo training and to do what is required to become the world’s best. Motivation can be examined using the Self-determination theory, where three basic needs: autonomy, relatedness and competence must be fulfilled to achieve intrinsic self-determined motivation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how motivation of elite athletes changed during the spring and summer 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic put the sports world on paus with cancelled competitions and the postponement of the Olympics. Seven semi-structured interviews with elite athletes, competing in individual sports, were conducted, and analysed with a theoretical thematic analysis. This study concluded that the basic needs in motivation of elite athletes were experienced to be both positively and negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study contributes to an increased understanding of the needs of elite athletes during the pandemic and in which areas they need extra support.
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Merello, Álvaro. "Barriers and facilitators for children with special educational needs education during the COVID-19 pandemic : A systematic literature review in 2020". Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, CHILD, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52410.
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Although COVID-19 has undoubtedly altered the lives of most human beings, one could argue that the education of children with special needs has been drastically affected. Measures taken by governments and consequences of the pandemic per se have changed the notion of traditional education shifting it to a virtual plane. A total of 6 articles extracted from different databases were included in this systematic review. The aim was to explore the literature on special education and the development of children with special educational needs in relation to the barriers and facilitators they have encountered in coping with the pandemic. Findings show a significant difference between the number of facilitators and barriers found. The high number of barriers in the environment, activities and participation and mental functions, gives an overview of the obstacles that children with special educational needs have faced during the pandemic. Most of the barriers encountered appeared to be interrelated and have reshaped the way education is understood. To address this problem and try to overcome the challenges they pose, efforts must be made at higher levels of society, such as policies, laws, or government support, to ensure the proper development of children.
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Lamb, Dedra. "A Phenomenological Study Examining How the COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Way Teachers Use Technology to Deliver Instruction from March 2020 - May 2021". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3975.
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The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teacher perception of changes in the instructional delivery and learning opportunities via technology during and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 until May 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected educational organizations. School closures in March 2020 forced teachers to change their instructional delivery from an in-person platform to a virtual platform. This disruption to the delivery of instruction with the use of technology changed the way teachers plan for learning, delivery content, present learning activities, and assessment. The urgency required teachers to develop new strategies and experiment with adaptations to their traditional instructional delivery. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of teachers as they adapted their instruction to a new platform. The theoretical framework used was change theory. The research was accomplished by interviewing 11 core-content classroom teachers from different school systems. Participants described their experiences and approach to the challenges faced while teaching during the uncertainty of the pandemic. The participants in the study described factors that influenced changes in their use of technology and how the different platforms changed the way they used technology for instructional delivery. The researcher used the Change Theory Framework to code responses and identify the internal and external factors that influenced the changes.
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Gabrielle, Gillhover. ""Som att uppfinna hjulet medan det rullar" : en kvalitativ intervjustudie om svenska sjukhuskuratorers arbete, mående och hantering under covid-19-pandemin 2020". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-192477.
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The covid-19-pandemic spread across the entire world during 2020 and the hospital counselors’ workplace has during this time been in the centre of pandemic management. The aim of this study has been to investigate how hospital counselors in Sweden experience and manage their health and work during the covid-19-pandemic between January and October 2020. Eight hospital counselors have been studied using semi-structured interviews which were thematically sorted and analyzed based on Antonovsky's theory Sense of Coherence. The results showed that the counselors have experienced a different work situation with new routines such as supporting patients over the phone or while wearing personal protective equipment. The counselors have had to deal with increased patient mortality and more complicated cases that have challenged them emotionally and physically. As a consequence this has involved increased fatigue, muscle tension, worry and anxiety. At the same time, they have felt that they lacked the necessary staffing and work equipment to meet the increased demands. They have handled this by adding more importance to the collegial support and making sure to get a break from information about the pandemic in their spare time.
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Carey, Caitlin, Parisa Frost, Jon Harguindeguy, Sarah Heller, Susan Lee, Christina Smith i Eva Wang. "Art-Making During a Global Pandemic: A Collaborative Autoethnography". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/957.
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Between March 11, 2020 and May of 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) counted over 100 million cases of COVID-19, resulting in three million deaths worldwide (WHO, 2021). In order to examine the effects of art-making on social and psychological well-being, seven graduate students from the Marital and Family Art Therapy Program at LMU conducted the following study utilizing a qualitative, arts-based research approach through collaborative autoethnography (CAE). The research question — What are the effects of personal art-making on well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic? — was posed by the seven graduate student authors. The data revealed that pandemic-time art-making impacted well-being through three primary avenues: by acting as a means to cope, to adapt, and to process. Each of our emerging themes highlighted the use of art-making as a tool, and each theme described this phenomenon in a unique and pointed way. First, our art-making impacted our well-being during the pandemic by serving as a tool to cope with the stressors of the pandemic by minimizing, banishing, or making them tolerable. Going one step further than coping, art-making also served as a tool for adapting. It acted as the mediating force between the pandemic’s external impacts and our ensuing internal experiences. Finally, art-making impacted well-being throughout the pandemic by serving as a tool to process corporeal experiences, emotional experiences, and other personal realities. In order to build upon our findings, we propose future research on the impacts of personal art-making on wellness through collaborative autoethnography by participant-researchers representing diverse cultures within their social and environmental contexts.
Książki na temat "COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, in art"
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Kroft, Karina, Remko Smids i Jacob van Essen. Leeuwarden projecties 2020. Leeuwarden: Remko Smids & Karina Kroft, 2020.
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Luhrs, Cecilia Portilla, i Yuriko Elizabeth Rojas Moriyama. Detrás de las puertas. Toluca, Estado de México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021.
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Brygger, Karin. Trettiofem röster om Covid-19 och kulturen. Göteborg: Bokförlaget Korpen, 2020.
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Collective, Red Bloom Communist. Art Work During a Pandemic. [New York?]: Red Bloom Communist Collective, 2021.
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Radović, Kristina, i Slavica Božović. Dilema: 54. Hercegnovski zimski salon = Dilemma : 54th Winter salon in Herceg Novi. Herceg Novi: Gradski muzej Mirko Komnenović, 2021.
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Pak, Sŏ-yŏng. I p'an'guk e yesul: P'aendemik, misul, sangsaeng. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Yultoguk, 2021.
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Ninavale. Ninavale: Nina Kovacheva, Valentin Stefanoff : paradise is temporarily closed due to a private party, God. Weitra: Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, 2021.
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Greece) Phestival Kinēmatographou Thessalonikēs (61st 2020 Thessalonikē. A katalogos: Non catalog. Thessalonikē: Phestival Kinēmatographou Thessalonikēs, 2020.
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Salanova, Marisol, i José Luis Pérez Pont. Innovación desde el museo: Ensayos sobre emergencia cultural. Valencia: Consorci de Museus de la Comunitat Valenciana, 2021.
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Keip, Christophe. #Hurleàlavie: 521 cris à la face du confinement. Marseille: Belles Balades éditions, 2021.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, in art"
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Krafft, Andreas M., JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji, Rajneesh Choubisa, Stella Comte, Fabien Fenouillet, Valle Flores-Lucas, Tharina Guse i in. "Mastering the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: From Anxiety to Hope". W Hope across cultures, 327–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24412-4_9.
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AbstractThis chapter presents selected results of the Hope Barometer survey during the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021. Against the background of the intense feelings of stress and anxiety in these times of crisis, we first review current theories on psychological stress and coping, present results of our empirical studies during the pandemic and then focus on the role and importance of hope in relation to positive coping styles, well-being, and stress-related personal growth. A central aim of our research is to investigate the role of culture in the perception of stress and hope (as the counterpart of anxiety) and in the choice of different coping strategies, as evident in their relationship to experiences of well-being and personal growth. We compared the results of 11 countries with cross-sectional data collected in November 2019 (N = 9092), November 2020 (N = 9536) and November 2021 (N = 9093). After reporting general findings, we engage in an analysis of the most striking differences between the countries. Our results revealed that a majority of the participants experienced moderate stress levels, but with significant differences between the samples and notable changes between 2020 and 2021. Most people, especially in more collectivistic countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, India, and Portugal, remained hopeful, applied positive coping strategies, and enjoyed moderate to high levels of well-being and personal growth. Our findings highlight the importance of emotion-focused, social, and religious coping sources, besides problem-focused coping, for mastering the crisis, which are predominant in collectivistic societies.
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Murdie, Amanda. "Hindsight is 2020: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for future human rights research". W Rights at Stake and the COVID-19 Pandemic, 227–37. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003270195-27.
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Lavonen, Jari, i Katariina Salmela-Aro. "Experiences of Moving Quickly to Distance Teaching and Learning at All Levels of Education in Finland". W Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19, 105–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81500-4_4.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the teaching and learning in Finnish compulsory education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring and autumn terms of 2020 will be analyzed and discussed. First, preconditions, such as teacher and student digi-competences and digi-infrastructure for switching to distance teaching and learning, will be analyzed. Second, the organization and experiences of teaching and learning during this time are described based on representative surveys conducted during and after the spring 2020 distance teaching period. Finally, teachers’, principals’ and students’ engagement and well-being during the pandemic will be analyzed based on survey data. Preconditions for organizing effective distance teaching and learning during the 2020 spring term were appropriate teacher and student digi-competences and digi-infrastructure and availability of digi-tools. During the pandemic, teachers’ digi-pedagogy and students’ digi-competences developed. Moreover, several digi-pedagogy and co-teaching innovations were created. However, at the student level, we identified decreased engagement during the pandemic, and at the teacher and principal levels, we identified not only decreased engagement but also increased stress and even burnout. Principals suffered from teachers’ stress, whereas teachers suffered from families’ inequality in coping with distance learning. All in all, the switch to distance teaching and learning was organized effectively, but the distance-learning period weakened the equality of teaching and the conditions for learning.
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Bálint, Dóra, Réka Horeczki, Judit Kalman i Gabor Lux. "Coworking Places in Hungary During the COVID-19 Pandemic". W SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 107–14. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26018-6_11.
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AbstractA global pandemic affected the type and place of work in several ways. For coworking places it caused disruptions according to direct (e.g. measures) and indirect (e.g. urban outmigration) reasons. The present chapter focuses on how coworking places in Hungary choose different adaptation strategies to deal with the unprecedented challenge that COVID-19 accounted for. It gives insight into the Hungarian pandemic situation between 2020 and 2022, identifying restrictions and no state financial aid whatsoever which determined the playing field for coworking places. The chapter contains different sections related to the outbreak and the Hungarian coworking landscape as well as coping strategies these alternative workspaces relied on to survive the first two years of the pandemic: location change, size reduction, change of function, and relying on informal networks are the identified ones.
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Audrain, R. Lennon, Andrea E. Weinberg, Ashley Bennett, Joseph O’Reilly i Carole G. Basile. "Ambitious and Sustainable Post-pandemic Workplace Design for Teachers: A Portrait of the Arizona Teacher Workforce". W Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19, 353–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81500-4_14.
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AbstractThe professional lives of teachers are in an incredible upheaval as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has potential implications for the teaching profession and the workforce. The ambiguity of what schools will look like in the future and growing disparities of children have teachers concerned that their jobs are more untenable than ever before. In this chapter, we examine the teaching workforce year into the pandemic. We focus specifically on Arizona and explore whether teachers stayed in the profession or exited during this time of uncertainty. Our analysis suggests that, to date, the pandemic has not had a significant impact on an already dire labor market in Arizona—classroom vacancies and teaching positions filled by under-qualified individuals were no higher in January 2021 than in January 2020. We conclude by arguing that, while focusing teacher recruitment may seem like a viable solution, it alone is insufficient. Rather, in a post-pandemic world, we must build new structures that increase teacher coordination and collaboration that leverage the expertise of all educators, ultimately leading to better working and workplace conditions. This critical examination begins to shed light on teaching, learning, and the preparation for both as we move to a post-pandemic future.
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Bande, Lindita. "Lessons from Graduation Project During COVID-19 Pandemic for Future Applications, Methods, and Tools". W Future Trends in Education Post COVID-19, 77–91. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1927-7_7.
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AbstractUnited Arab Emirates University (UAEU), located in the city of AL Ain, is a well-established institution since 1976. The department of Architectural Engineering within the College of Engineering is ABET credited. The Graduating Projects (GP) are part of this curriculum. In pre-pandemic conditions, the students had regular weekly meetings with several faculty based on the project needs. During COVID-19 pandemic, the full program went into online mode. During this change, the students, faculty, and staff had to adapt to new teaching methods in a noticeably short time. This research aims to find and highlight the lessons learned during this change to the GP. The methodology starts with the analysis of two main case studies. Case study A started in fall of 2019 and ended in the spring of 2020 (partially developed in face-to-face mode (in person, on the campus) and partially online mode). Case Study B started in the fall of 2020 and ended in the spring of 2021 (online mode). The case study analysis describes the project’s main objectives and the steps taken by the students to achieve these objectives. The methodology follows the tool analysis. Since the tool used is innovative and complex, in addition to the program, the process of learning, application, and outcomes is crucial. The pandemic’s impact on students’ psychology and productivity is the following step that helps understand how the changes in society and the extensive use of virtual tools helped the students cooperate with the situation. The results showed an improvement in the student’s skills in using advanced tools to achieve the project goal. This research is an attempt in understanding how the pandemic impacted GP work. The outcomes of this study might improve the GP program in the AE Department by integrating a hybrid approach with face-to-face meetings and online training for students to achieve the project targets with more advanced tools.
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Sippel, Sarah Ruth. "Agri-investment Cashing in on COVID-19". W Beyond Global Food Supply Chains, 23–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3155-0_3.
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AbstractGlobal agri-food relationships are continuously changing. However, some periods can be perceived as critical moments when sudden events challenge established patterns and introduce new dynamics within the agri-food system. Many observers identified the food price hikes in 2007/2008 as such a “turning point”. The food price hikes were seen as a stark reminder of the fragility and volatility of the global food system and interpreted as signalling a structural crisis in agriculture and its organizational and institutional frameworks. The 2008 crisis produced both winners and losers. Among the winners were institutional investors that started engaging much more actively in the area of productive resources. Roughly ten years later, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global agri-food relationships again, perhaps even more profoundly. This chapter juxtaposes the crises of 2007/2008 and 2020/2021 and explores the role of financial actors within them. It analyses how financial investors, who emerged as powerful actors out of the 2008 crisis, responded to, and dealt with, the COVID-19 crisis. It further investigates how the pandemic has been rhetorically framed, what investment strategies were promoted, and how financial investors anticipate their engagement with agri-food in (post-)pandemic times.
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Khandelwal, Shweta. "Malnutrition and COVID-19 in India". W Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 171–201. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_9.
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AbstractWhile the world is battling the new coronavirus known as SARS-COV-2, public health and nutrition services in India are getting disrupted and derailed. It is pertinent not to overlook the existing gaps in our journey towards attaining the holistic sustainable development goals (SDGs). In fact, it is now well-established that comorbidities, especially malnutrition, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other respiratory or kidney problems exacerbate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 because of an already compromised immune system. The whole world is off track in achieving SDG 2, known as Zero Hunger, by 2030. At the current pace, approximately 17 countries including India will fail to even reach low hunger by 2030. India ranks 104 out of 117 countries as per the used metric, the global hunger index. Furthermore, these projections do not account for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may worsen hunger and undernutrition in the near term and affect countries’ trajectories into the future.The author underscores the serious adverse impacts of COVID-19 on public health, nutrition, and food security in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Estimates show that 135 million persons were hungry before the pandemic. By the end of 2020, the number will likely increase to 265 million. India carries a heavy burden of multiple forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, hunger, micronutrient deficiencies as well as overweight, and obesity. India’s public health and nutritional policies must urgently address these problems. Measures taken by the government during the pandemic to counter its negative impact on the nutrition of women, children, migrant labor, and other vulnerable populations are enumerated. The response of the international community to tackle COVID-19 related nutritional challenges and India’s policy measures for ensuring nutrition and food security are discussed.
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Iwabuchi, Kazuaki, Kouki Hodama, Yutaka Onishi, Shota Miyazaki, Sae Nakae i Kan Hiroshi Suzuki. "Covid-19 and Education on the Front Lines in Japan: What Caused Learning Disparities and How Did the Government and Schools Take Initiative?" W Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19, 125–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81500-4_5.
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AbstractWhile the COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to the education system of Japan, the government and schools took necessary measures to combat the outbreak and ensure student learning continued. The temporary school closure, following the state of emergency, continued for 2 months, from April through May of 2020. Even after the declaration was lifted in May 2020, schools adopted the new-normal way of operations. By shortening the summer break and holding alternative classes, elementary, junior, and senior high schools, except for universities, returned to normal while the COVID-19 pandemic was settling down, and ended the semester regularly in December 2020. The temporary closure, however, led to a huge disparity in implementing online classes, depending on availability of personal laptops in schools. Many private schools, and a substantial number of public schools established by innovative local governments, such as Saga Prefecture and Shibuya Ward, were successful in transitioning to online learning. However, most public schools were unable to hold online courses due to the lack of facilities both in schools and at student households. Aware of the disparities, the government brought forward a policy initiative to distribute personal PCs to all elementary and junior high school students, and to supply high-speed IT networks to each school, with an expected completion of March 2021. In this chapter, we will explore various disparities in depth, particularly underlining the relationship between ICT environments in schools and the issue of school founders. Additionally, we provide an overview on how the government and schools coped with the crisis, capitalized on the policy initiatives, and utilized available resources. As a concluding remark, we aim to leave room for optimism by taking this pandemic as an opportunity to reconsider and reimagine education. Note: This chapter has nothing to do with operations of organizations that respective authors belong to, and the views expressed in this chapter do not represent organizations’, but are authors’ own.
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Schweitzer, Dahlia. "From "Contagion" to Covid". W The Pandemic Visual Regime, 63–89. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0448.1.04.
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Proliferating for the last twenty-five years, outbreak narratives have now reached epidemic proportions. From 28 Days Later to The Walking Dead, Outbreak to Contagion, films and television shows are filled with zombie viruses, bioengineered plagues, and disease-ravaged survivors. Not only have outbreak narratives infected public discourse and affected the way we view the world, but they have, especially right now, impacted global responses to COVID-19. The way infectious viruses are appropriated by Hollywood provides insight into the viruses themselves and the world we live in. After all, few things reflect social trends and anxieties like film and television. Alarmingly, outbreak narratives are even used as “how-to manuals” of sorts. For instance, as COVID-19 took hold, journalist Mike Stuchbery tweeted that crisis response teams were reading World War Z by Max Brooks (a fictional account of a zombie plague) as a study in the effects of epidemics. My chapter examines film and television outbreak narratives, studying how the repetition of characters, images, and story lines has produced a formulaic narrative that reflects and shapes new paradigms of disease and fear, connecting those to real-life events that have unfolded worldwide over the course of 2020.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, in art"
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Petrovskaya, E. E. "BIOETHICAL PROBLEMS IN ART DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC". W SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-82-85.
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The emergency epidemiological situation caused by the COIVID-19 pandemic provoked massive epidemiological events and forced an unprecedented scale of action, which also affected assisted reproductive technologies. Due to strict quarantine measures and border closures, babies born by surrogate mothers for foreign citizens could not be given to biological parents for several months, which caused a whole range of ethical problems. The situation with the pandemic highlighted the imperfection of Russian legislation regarding surrogate motherhood and showed its inconsistency with ethical principles in relation to a child born by a surrogate mother.
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Chang, Yu Chen. "Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Taiwan’s Art Education". W The Asian Conference on Education 2021. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2186-5892.2022.18.
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Yang, Qixuan. "The Mental Health Impact of Quarantine in COVID-19 Pandemic". W 2021 International Conference on Education, Language and Art (ICELA 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220131.171.
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Suharyogi, Ifan Yoga Pratama, Agustina Djafar, Rahajeng Ayu Permana Sari i Paradita Kenyo Arum Dewantoro. "Geological Museum Innovations to Dealing with Covid-19 Pandemic | Inovasi Museum Geologi dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19". W The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-34.
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Bandung Geological Museum as the thematic earth museum in Indonesia has been established on 16 May 1929. This museum has 417,882 collections, there are mineral and rock collections, vertebrate, invertebrate, paleobotanical fossils, and artifacts. As a government museum, the Geological Museum has a duty to disseminating geological information. This article aims to identify the Geological Museum’s activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. After the temporary closure in March 2020, the museum activities were carried out virtually, including Collection Talk, Day and Night at the Museum, virtual tours, Bincang Museum, virtual geoscience socialization, and introduce the collections by social media. Museum Geologi Bandung sebagai museum kebumian di Indonesia telah berdiri sejak 16 Mei 1929. Museum ini memiliki 417.882 koleksi, berupa koleksi mineral dan batuan, fosil vertebrata, fosil invertebrata, fosil paleobotani dan artefak. Sebagai instansi yang bertugas menyebarluaskan informasi kegelogian, dimasa pandemi Covid-19, Museum Geologi berinovasi melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan edukasi dalam bentuk virtual. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah melakukan identifikasi kegiatan dilakukan Museum Geologi selama pandemi Covid-19. Pasca penutupan sementara Museum Geologi pada bulan Maret 2020, kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa kegiatan virtual diantaranya: Collection Talk, Day and Night at the Museum, virtual tour, Bincang Museum, sosialisasi kebumian secara virtual, dan pengenalan koleksi melalui sosial media.
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Pandele, Dorin Gabriel. "THE PANDEMIC COVID 19, A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR THE ROMANIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH". W 7th SWS International Scientific Conference on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2020 Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscah.2020.7.1/s17.01.
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Cardona, Manuel, Jose Cerrato i Edwin Garcia. "Mobile Robots for COVID-19 Pandemic: A State of the Art". W 2022 IEEE Central America and Panama Student Conference (CONESCAPAN). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conescapan56456.2022.9959722.
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Ashadi, Kunjung, Imam Marsudi, Azizati Rochmania, Ika Jayadi, Fifit Y. Wulandari i Gigih Siantoro. "Students Exercise Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic". W International Joint Conference on Arts and Humanities (IJCAH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201201.206.
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Christiawan, Putu Indra, Ida Bagus Made Astawa i I. Gede Astra Wesnawa. "Learn From Home in The COVID-19 Pandemic". W International Joint Conference on Arts and Humanities (IJCAH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201201.224.
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Madya, Siska Andes, i Abdurahman. "Online Learning Implementation in the Covid-19 Pandemic". W Ninth International Conference on Language and Arts (ICLA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210325.005.
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Kang, Yingyue. "Morphological Analysis and Communicative Effect on Neologisms During Covid-19 Pandemic". W 2022 3rd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange（ICLACE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220706.135.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, in art"
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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.001.
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Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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Beuermann, Diether, Nicolas L. Bottan, Bridget Hoffmann, Jeetendra Khadan i Diego A. Vera-Cossio. Suriname COVID-19 Survey. Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003266.
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This dataset constitutes a panel follow-up to the 2016/2017 Suriname Survey of Living Conditions. It measures welfare related variables before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic including labor market outcomes, financial literacy, and food security. The survey was executed in August 2020. The Suriname COVID-19 Survey is a project of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). It collected data on critical socioeconomic topics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to support policymaking and help mitigate the crisis impacts on the populations welfare. The survey recontacted households interviewed in 2016/2017 by the Suriname Survey of Living Conditions (SSLC) and was conducted by phone due to the mobility restrictions and social distancing measures in place. It interviewed 1,016 households during August 2020 and gathered information about disease transmission, household finances, labor, income, remittances, spending, and social protection programs. Data and documentation of the 2016/2017 Suriname Survey of Living Conditions can be found at: https://publications.iadb.org/en/suriname-survey-living-conditions-2016-2017 The survey was designed and implemented by Sistemas Integrales. This publication describes the main methodological aspects, such as sample design, estimation procedures, topics covered by the questionnaire, field organization and quality control. It also presents the structure and codebook for the two resulting publicly available datasets.
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut i Mürsel Doğrul, red. COVID-19 Küresel Salgın Değerlendirme Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.118.
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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and Internati- onal Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on Febru- ary 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongo- ing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observa- tion due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of avai- lable resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction."
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Marchesi, Keenan, i Patrick W. (Patrick Wade) McLaughlin. Food-away-from-home acquisition trends throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Washington, DC: USDA Economic Research Service, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8023697.ers.
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"The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the ensuing policy responses disrupted how consumers in the United States acquired food away from home, and little is known about how they continued to access these goods. This report summarizes national-level trends in dollars U.S. consumers spent from December 2019-February 2020 through April-June 2022 at quick- and full-service restaurants by service mode (on-premise, drive-thru, delivery, and carry-out) and acquisition and ordering method. Results show that while on-premises (eating inside a restaurant) spending fell at quick- and full-service restaurants, spending at full-service restaurants remained much lower than pre-pandemic spending levels. USDA, Economic Research Service researchers found that consumers quickly adapted to other service modes, like delivery or drive-thru, and this offset many of the losses observed in spending at quick-service restaurants. The authors also observed that consumers increased spending via cell phone apps for carry-out and delivery orders at both types of restaurants relative to pre-pandemic spending. In short, while consumers' restaurant spending largely returned to pre-pandemic levels, many of the ways that consumers interacted with quick- and full-service restaurants immediately following the onset of the pandemic remained."
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Bolton, Laura. WASH in Schools for Student Return During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.024.
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The literature on WASH and school re-opening during the COVID-19 pandemic is dominated by guidelines with little in the way of recent evidence or lessons learned. Analysis of data from school re-openings at the end of 2020 suggests that with mitigation measures in place community infection rates should not be affected by children returning to school. Although children carry a lower risk of infection, they do have large numbers of contact in the school environment, so hygiene and distancing measures are important. The key guidelines for WASH in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic include: children and all school staff must be educated with regards to hand hygiene; hand hygiene stations must be provided at entrances and exits; hand washing must be frequent and requires sufficient water and soap; school buses should have hand hygiene measures in place; and the school environment must be disinfected daily. Environmental, or nudge-based, cues are recommended to support behaviour change in children based on pre-COVID-19 evidence. Examples include colourful footprints leading to a handwashing facility, images of eyes above handwashing facilities, embedding toys in soap, and putting pictures of germs on surfaces.
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Kelly, Luke. Direct and Indirect Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women and Girls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.141.
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This rapid literature review finds that women have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 in several ways. As the Covid-19 pandemic began, it was widely predicted that women would face worse outcomes than men in many spheres. This was based on evidence of pre-existing inequalities (e.g. the high share of women in informal work) and evidence from earlier disease outbreaks such as Ebola. Evidence from the past year and a half supports the idea that women have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 in many of the issues investigated for this report. A wide-ranging World Bank review of evidence from April 2020 to April 2021 states that “women often appear to have lost out more than men economically and socially” (Nieves et al., 2021, p. 4). It was not possible to find evidence on the effect of Covid-19 on women’s role in the green economy and the effects of climate change (beyond calls for inclusive green growth), or on gender stereotyping in the media (although there is a small amount of literature on perceptions of women leaders during the pandemic). In all cases, the effect of Covid-19 and measures to suppress it have directly or indirectly continued or worsened pre-existing inequalities. In some instances, Covid-19 has created distinct difficulties for women (e.g. lockdowns and increased domestic violence). This report has found no evidence of Covid-19 improving the position of women in the areas of interest surveyed, beyond possible benefits from working from home for some women in high-income countries; and some suggestions that female leadership during the pandemic may lead to better perceptions of women (Piazza & Diaz, 2020). Studies also point to the intersection of gender with other factors, such as caste and ethnicity, leading to worse outcomes (Chen et al., 2021; Kabeer et al., 2021). In many cases, migrant women and women with disabilities are at an increased disadvantage. The report focuses on evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and G7 members. It is not comprehensive but surveys the available evidence focusing on global, regional or synthesis evidence to provide a more representative coverage. It, therefore, does not cover every context or provide any country case studies and overlooks variations in some countries in favour of broader trends.
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Means, Barbara, i Julie Neisler. Unmasking Inequality: STEM Course Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Digital Promise, sierpień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/102.
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This report describes the experiences of over 600 undergraduates who were taking STEM courses with in-person class meetings that had to shift to remote instruction in spring 2020 because of COVID-19. Internet connectivity issues were serious enough to interfere with students’ ability to attend or participate in their STEM course at least occasionally for 46% of students, with 15% of students experiencing such problems often or very often. A large majority of survey respondents reported some difficulty with staying motivated to work on their STEM courses after they moved online, with 45% characterizing motivation as a major problem. A majority of STEM students also reported having problems knowing where to get help with the course content after it went online, finding a quiet place to work on the course, and fitting the course in with other family or home responsibilities. Overall, students who reported experiencing a greater number of major challenges with continuing their course after it went online expressed lower levels of satisfaction with their course after COVID-19. An exception to this general pattern, though, was found for students from minoritized race/ethnicity groups, females, and lower-income students. Despite experiencing more challenges than other students did with respect to continuing their STEM courses remotely, these students were more likely to rate the quality of their experiences when their STEM course was online as just as good as, or even better than, when the course was meeting in person.
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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, Haydée Alonzo, Neulin Villanueva, Ricardo Gideon i Yvonne Flowers. The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Education Outcomes in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004836.
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The COVID-19 pandemic brought school systems to a halt across the globe. In Belize, remote learning was challenging owing to limited access to educational technologies and lack of familiarity with remote learning among teachers. This study draws on national standardized exams and specific achievement testing to assess pandemic-related learning losses at the primary education level. Based on administrative data, the study also analyzes changes in student enrollment, dropout rates, and grade repetition at the primary and secondary levels. We find that school closures resulted in significant learning losses in English language and mathematics at the end of primary education. Matching international trends, the largest losses occurred in mathematics. Among the strands of mathematics content, the one showing the most dramatic loss is number sense in primary schools and geometry in secondary schools; the achievement level in both dropped by around 55 percent. Also, in line with international trends, average student repetition and dropout rates surged at the secondary level after prolonged school closures. The largest increase in dropout and repetition levels were found in urban secondary schools: the average dropout rate increased by 51 percent in the 2020/21 school year, compared with the average rate in the year prior to the start of the pandemic, while the repetition rate increased from 6.7 percent in the 2019/20 school year to 11.6 percent in the 2021/22 school year.
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut i Mürsel Doğrul, red. The Assessment Report on COVID-19 Global Outbreak. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.119.
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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and International Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on February 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongoing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observation due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of available resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction so far."