Rozprawy doktorskie: „Covid-19 global pandemic”

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Svensson, Julia, i Wilma Vigren. "Klimatkommunikation under covid-19-pandemin". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23361.

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Att hantera konsekvenserna av klimatförändringarna är en av mänsklighetens störstautmaningar. Forskare, förespråkare och andra aktörer har länge försökt kommunicera tillallmänheten om klimatförändringar, men det tycks vara svårare än väntat. En paradox haruppstått som innebär att ju mer fakta som presenteras, desto mindre oro. Ett tydligt exempelpå var och hur det kan komma till uttryck är i medier. Ytterligare en global utmaning är denpågående covid-19-pandemin. I ett tidigt skede observerade vi att medierapporteringen påolika sätt började koppla samman covid-19-pandemin med klimatförändringarna. Syftet meddenna studie är att undersöka hur klimatkommunikationen tar sig uttryck under covid-19-pandemin via debattartiklar. Metoden för undersökningen var en latent innehållsanalys ochresultatet analyserades med hjälp av Per Espen Stoknes modell om de fem psykologiskabarriärerna samt teori om strategier inom klimatkommunikation. Resultatet visar attklimatkommunikationen uttrycktes på olika sätt genom både barriärer och strategier, men attkommunikationen till överhängande del uttrycktes genom strategier. Studien kan ökaförståelsen för hur klimatförändringar kan kommuniceras för att skapa klimatengagemangoch kan därmed fungera som en språngbräda för fortsatt forskning.
Dealing with the consequences of climate change is one of humanity's greatest challenges.Researchers, advocates and other actors have long tried to communicate to the public aboutclimate change, but it seems to be more difficult than expected. A paradox has arisen whichmeans that the more facts that are presented, the less concern. A clear example of where andhow it can be expressed is in the media. Another global challenge is the ongoing covid-19pandemic. At an early stage, we began to observe how different types of media started to linkthe covid-19 pandemic to climate change. Based on the background of climatecommunication and this observation, the purpose of this study is to investigate how climatecommunication is expressed during the covid-19 pandemic via debate articles. A latentcontent analysis was performed and the results was analyzed with Per Espen Stoknes modelon the five psychological barriers and theory on strategies in climate communication. Theresults show that climate communication was expressed in different ways through bothbarriers and strategies, but mainly through strategies. The study can further increase theunderstanding of how climate change can be communicated to create climate commitmentand can thus serve as a springboard for further research.

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Myslyvets, Vladyslava, i Владислава Мисливець. "Transformation of investments activities during the COVID-19 pandemic". Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51238.

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Impact of the Coronavirus outbreak on global FDI / Special Issue on the impact of the pandemic. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/diaeinf2020d2_en.pdf. 2. Mukha D. Transformation of Investment Policy Under Pandemic COVID-19. Banking Bulletin. 2020. – P. 59-72.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and continues to affect all economic activities. In particular, it affects the globalization of economic activity, in which investment is central. The effects of the pandemic and the economic slowdown are still ongoing, but investor portfolios are already experiencing some constraints and the need for further investment continues to grow.
Пандемія COVID-19 впливала і продовжує впливати на всю економічну діяльність. Зокрема, це впливає на глобалізацію економічної діяльності, в якій інвестиції є головними. Наслідки пандемії та уповільнення економіки все ще тривають, але портфелі інвесторів вже відчувають певні обмеження, і потреба в подальших інвестиціях продовжує зростати.

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Manse, Sarah, i Ebba Holmberg. "Challenges Leading Global Virtual Teams : a qualitative study of the Covid-19 pandemic impact". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448057.

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Earlier research has identified challenges in leading global virtual teams (GVTs). However, when the Covid-19 pandemic hit the world globally, even GVTs had to shift to work from home instead of an office. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how challenges of leading GVTs have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Identified challenges, including before the pandemic and additional ones that were recognized during it, are introduced. The thesis implements semi-structured interviews with leaders of GVTs to get results in line with the purpose. The results indicate that existing challenges have changed depending on what industry the GVT works in and what restrictions members face due to the pandemic. Additionally, the new challenges that were experienced during the pandemic are distractions, work/life balance, and dealing with isolation. Further challenges are having the right equipment to work comfortably, recruiting and onboarding new staff
Tidigare undersökningar har identifierat utmaningar med att leda globala virtuella team (GVT). När Covid-19 pandemin drabbade världen över påverkade det till och med GVT, som därefter behövde arbeta hemifrån istället för på ett kontor. Denna uppsats syftar därmed till att undersöka hur utmaningar med att leda GVTs har påverkats av Covid-19 pandemin. Utmaningar med att leda GVTs har identifierats i tidigare studier och inkluderar både innan pandemin och nya som har uppstått under den. För att undersöka detta genomförs semi- strukturerade intervjuer med ledare av GVTs. Resultaten indikerar att befintliga utmaningar har förändrats beroende på vilken bransch teamet arbetar i och vilka restriktioner medlemmarna står inför på grund av pandemin. Dessutom är de nya utmaningarna som uppkommit under pandemin distraktioner, balansen mellan arbete och fritid, och att hantera isolering. Ytterligare utmaningar är att de anställda har rätt utrustning för att arbeta bekvämt, rekrytering och att introducera nyanställda.

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Kostytska, I., V. Kostytsky, V. Sydor i A. Sukhodolska. "The Issue of Restricting Freedom of Movement in the Face of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48711.

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The conflict between anthropocentric and sociocentric activities of the State is vividly reflected in the situation that has arisen against the backdrop of the global problem – the worldwide coronavirus pandemic. The spread of epidemics and pandemics, both local and global, has been a challenge to humanity for millennia, and only the decisive steps of the authorities and the cooperation of international organizations have been able to fight against epidemics and pandemics. The socio-economic challenges of global development (imbalances in the economic development of different countries, poverty and hunger, low incomes in many countries, make it impossible to pay for medical services, buy essential medicines, provide healthy and nutritious food and provide an adequate level of immunity; ethnic movements of people; world economic crises; participation of the State in international trade and inability of the domestic economy to meet its needs, particularly public health needs; low financial provision of health care.

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Jialing, Chen. "Crisis Management Strategies for Conference Business of Hotel Industry on Gotland under Global Pandemic COVID-19". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444760.

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With the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of physical conferences has decreased which impacts hotels’ revenue from conference business. In response to the decrease in conferences and conference revenue, hotels have developed strategies to manage the loss. For each hotel, they developed different strategies according to the situation they faced. This research is going to take hotels in Gotland as samples to find out the strategies that hotels have developed in response to the loss of conference business and how these strategies developed. The result of this research showed that there were two kinds of strategies hotels have developed which are proactive and inactive strategies. In addition, hotels’ perception of COVID-19 has an impact on the development of strategies.

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Bohman, Helena, i Nina Damberg. "Barnmorskors erfarenheter av covid-19 i patientnära vård : En webbenkät". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100102.

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Bakgrund: Covid-19 är en luftburen infektionssjukdom med hög smittorisk som främst överförs via droppsmitta. Nationella samt internationella försiktighetsåtgärder har framtagits i syfte att minska smittspridningen av viruset. Folkhälsomyndigheten har skärpt rekommendationerna för gravida samtidigt som omprioriteringar görs inom hälso- och sjukvården. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka barnmorskors erfarenheter av att arbeta i patientnära vård under virusutbrottet covid-19. Metod: Studien var en tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamling har gjorts via en webbenkät som besvarats anonymt. Resultat: Av de 159 respondenter som svarat på studien upplevde majoriteten en ökad stress samt en oro att bli smittad av covid-19 och föra smittan vidare. En femtedel av barnmorskorna upplevde ett nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. Slutsats: Riktlinjer på nationell nivå för simulering, skyddsutrustning och tydlig information för barnmorskor kring arbetet i patientnära vård under covid-19 efterfrågas. Detta i syfte att skapa trygghet i arbetet, att inte bli smittade eller föra smittan vidare.
Background: Covid-19 is a highly contagious airborne infectious disease which primarily spreads via droplets when throat or nasal secretions are released into the air. Precautions have been implemented worldwide with the intent to minimize the spread of the disease. The Public Health Agency of Sweden has implemented new and improved recommendations. Purpose: The aim for this study was to investigate the midwife’s firsthand experiences working intimately with patients during the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic. Method: The study was a cross- sectional study with a quantitative method. The data was gathered throughout anonymous online questionnaires answered by midwives in Sweden. Result: Of the 159 respondents in the study, the majority reported an increased level of stress and anxiety related to becoming ill or transferring the virus to others. One in five respondents experienced a decrease in mental wellbeing. Conclusion: National guidelines for midwives regarding practice simulations, protective gear and comprehensive information concerning the work in near proximity to the patient was desired. Midwives called for this to ensure a safe working environment, and to avoid transferring the virus to their colleagues and patients.

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Moise, Maria Alexandra. "Covid-19 and gender inequality in Mexico : The unequal impact of the pandemic on women’s healthcare". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nordiska Latinamerikainstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194211.

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Healthcare systems and medical services all over the world have been facing a significant reliability crisis that has peaked in the past couple of decades from a series of criticisms regarding inequality. It is well-established that the inequality problem, especially in the Latin American region is an abiding and deep-routed phenomenon particularly in regards to gendered relationships, which has only recently been given the necessary attention. Therefore, this study investigates the equality of healthcare access from a gendered perspective, as a result of gender inequality in Mexico. The foregoing issue shall be analysed by giving an overview of the pre-existing situation in Mexico and by examining the recent data from 2020 and 2021 resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, gender inequality in the country will be analysed from a theoretical perspective, while statistical data will be used to examine the possible existence of a pattern and the societal influences on it in relation to healthcare. In times like these, when the whole planet has been affected by a pandemic, the ongoing discrimination and inequalities regarding healthcare access have been brought to the surface. Many discussions have taken place regarding racial inequality in the sector and its effects on minorities such as black or immigrant communities globally. However, the focus given to the gender inequality in the health sector and how it has been affected by the pandemic is minimal. For this reason, this study introduces an innovative and relevant perspective to the current healthcare discussion in connection to gender inequality in Mexico.

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Leffler, Lina, i Valencia Stephanie Cavieres. "Sambandet mellan covid-19 pandemin och den psykiska hälsan i åldrarna 18–44 år i Sverige : En kvantitativ enkätstudie om psykisk ohälsa kopplat till covid-19". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19869.

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Introduktion: I Sverige beräknas 25 procent i åldersgruppen 16–29 år lida av någon form av psykisk ohälsa följt av 20 procent i åldersgruppen 30–44 år (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2019d). Enligt United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (u.å.b) så är covid-19 pandemin den största hälsokrisen i vår tid och många av de välkända riskfaktorerna för psykisk ohälsa, så som stress, ensamhet och oro, kan bli allt mer förekommande. Syfte: Studien syftar till att inhämta information kring vilket samband det finns mellan covid-19 pandemin och psykisk ohälsa i åldersgruppen 18–44 år i Sverige. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie som inhämtat data genom en webbenkät där ett bekvämlighetsurval har använts. Enkäten besvarades av 157 respondenter av båda könen i åldrarna 18–44 år och resultaten analyserades med hjälp av en deskriptiv analys, korstabeller samt chi-två tester. Resultat: Resultaten visar att en ökning med 7,1 procent har skett bland de som uppger att de upplever psykiska besvär dagligen/några gånger i veckan innan pandemin (19,7 procent) jämfört med under pandemin (26,8 procent). Vidare uppger 52,2 procent av respondenterna att deras psykiska mående har försämrats till följd av pandemin. Slutsats: Den här studien visar på att det psykiska måendet kan ha försämrats till följd av covid-19 pandemin bland respondenterna. Då ett bekvämlighetsurval har använts så är studiens resultat ej generaliserbara till resterande befolkningen i åldersgruppen 18–44 år. Vidare studier inom ämnet som inkluderar fler deltagare kan vara nödvändiga för planering av framtida arbete för att förbättra den psykiska hälsan i denna åldersgrupp under och efter pandemin.
Introduction: It is estimated that 25 percent of youth between the ages 16-29 and 20 percent of the population between the ages 30-44 in Sweden suffer from some sort of mental illness (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2019d). The covid-19 pandemic is the biggest health crisis of our time and many of the well known risk factors in mental illness, such as stress, loneliness and anxiety could be on the rise, according to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (u.å.b). Aim: The purpose of the study is to collect information around the connection of the covid-19 pandemic and mental illness in the age span 18-44 in Sweden. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study that has collected data through an online survey where a convenience sample has been used. The survey was answered by 157 respondents of both sexes between the ages 18-44 and the result was analyzed with the help of descriptive analysis, cross tables and chi-square tests. Results: The result shows that there has been an increase of 7,1 percent amongst respondents that experience mental problems daily/a few times a week before the pandemic (19,7 percent) compared to the time during the pandemic (26,8 percent). Furthermore, 52,2 percent state that their mental well-being has worsened as a result of the pandemic. Conclusion: This study shows that the mental well-being of the respondents may have been worsened as a result of the covid-19 pandemic. The result of the study is not generalizable amongst the population of Sweden in the age span 18 to 44, as a convenience sample has been used. Further studies in the field that include more respondents may be necessary in the planning of future work of improving the mental health of those age group during and after the pandemic.

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Bai, Han <1997&gt. "Analysis of factors causing volatility in the mask-related stock market during the global pandemic (COVID-19)". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20001.

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Covid-19, the medical community officially recognized and discovered it as a new kind of disease for the first time on December 26th, 2019. Then it quickly spread in many countries around the world in early 2020. Wearing masks has proven to be one of the effective measure to stop the spread of this epidemic. Face masks, which are ordinary in normal life, suddenly became a precious item during the early stage of Emergency Global Pandemic. At the same time, we found that the stock price of masks-related markets in various countries have fluctuated. We will establish relevant models from the aspects of politics, the number of infected people, and the media in various countries to explore the real influencing factors behind them and the connection between various factors and the stock market.

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Urbonaite, Miglė. "Evaluation of non-pharmaceutical intervention effectiveness in Covid-19 pandemic by using excess mortality metric". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46154.

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INTRODUCTION: The study focuses on finding a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the nonpharmaceutical intervention in the face of a new pathogen entering the population. Different interventions can have different effectiveness levels in different populations; thus, studying possible correlations and effectiveness among different groups is essential. With better knowledge of the topic, the outbreak management could be done more cost-effectively, reducing the need for antibiotics, vaccines, and possible reduction of infectious diseases caused burden in developing regions. Furthermore, the study aims to determine the ways of using excess mortality as an evaluation technique for nonpharmaceutical interventions used in the Covid-19 pandemic. METHOD: The variables in time-series format were used to calculate a cross-correlation score alongside other correlation coefficient tests. With the cross-correlation, the lag will be established to estimate how the variables correlate in the timeline. In addition, the study will attempt to establish the connections between different nonpharmaceutical interventions and their strengths and different age groups. RESULTS: The most frequent lag scores identified were 1 with 16 observations and 2 with 9 observations. The highest lag score was 4, which was observed once for the dataset of Hungary. The correlation between excess mortality and different harshness of NPI's was calculated. The correlation coefficient ranges from -0.3 to -0.39, indicating an overall low to medium correlation. The highest correlation was detected with stay-at-home requirements (-0.36), workplace closing (-0.37), and gathering restrictions (-0.39). In the final step, age-based correlations were established. The correlation ranged from 0.26 – 0.36, indicating an overall medium correlation. The lowest correlation can be seen in the youngest age group, 15-64 (correlation coefficient of 0.26), while the highest correlation of 0.36 can be seen in the 75-84 age group. Surprisingly the age group 85+ had a little lower correlation than the 75-84 age group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A stronger correlation between excess mortality and stringency index was detected in the countries with a higher death per capita. The two groups of intervention effectiveness were established: more effective (school closing, workplace closing, public event limitation, gathering restriction, and stay at home requirement) and less effective (public transport limitation, restriction on internal movement, international travel control, public information campaigns, protection of elderly campaigns). This suggests that NPI effectiveness depends on population size. In the age-group-based analysis, the correlation became stronger with the age increase, indicating nonpharmaceutical intervention effectiveness against high mortality in older adults.

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Frykman, Järlefelt Johan, i Emil Svensk. "Sourcing Globally in a Locked World - : A qualitative study of the Covid-19 Pandemic Effects on Swedish LSEs Global Sourcing Operations". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105030.

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Global sourcing has made it possible for companies to purchase components from suppliers all over the world. The intention nowadays is to find the best quality at the most competitive price, distance is not as important in today’s society. Sourcing globally is natural to many companies today and has increased in recent years. This global and open-world changed when Covid-19 erupted and the world declared a pandemic situation. Cities in China decided to implement a lockdown to reduce the infection. Covid-19 has affected global sourcing operations and made it hard to receive deliveries in time. The thesis highlights different theories within global sourcing, how to ensure approved quality, and theories about digitalization/globalization. Other theories that are included in the thesis are theories about relationship management and international purchasing offices. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze what effects Covid-19 has had on these theories. Further, the thesis is a qualitative research conducted through interviews. The empirical findings discuss similarities and differences from the analysis chapter. This chapter is crucial to answering our research questions. Further, the conclusion chapter demonstrates the findings of the thesis. A conclusion is that traditional quality assurance theories are applicable also when visitations at suppliers are not possible. Lastly, global sourcing departments have had to adapt to the new situation with the pandemic.

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Arouk, Nawar. "Två ParalLella pandemier : En kvantitativ studie om fysisk aktivitet och stillasittande vanor före samt under Covid-19-pandemin". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54223.

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Bakgrund: Fysisk inaktivitet och stillasittande är två av de främsta riskfaktorerna för försämrad hälsa och det sist nämnda betraktas som en pandemi. I Mars 2020 deklarerades spridningen av Covid-19 som en pandemi. Mot bakgrund av Covid-19 pandemin har yrkesverksamma och universitetsstudenter rekommenderats att arbeta eller studera på distans om möjligt. Denna förändring i arbets- eller studiesituationen kan påverka målgruppens aktivitet och stillasittande vanor. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka eventuella förändringar i fysisk aktivitet och stillasittande vanor, att analysera sambandet gällande aktivitetsminuter före respektive under Covid-19-pandemin samt även sambandet mellan stillasittande minuter före respektive under Covid-19-pandemin. Metod: En webbenkät med en tvärsnittsstudiedesign och en kvantitativ ansats genomfördes på yrkesverksamma samt studenter med ett urval på 224 respondenter. Totalt var det 194 personer som inkluderades därav 133 var kvinnor, 60 män och en icke-binär person. Yrkesmässigt var det 109 yrkesverksamma och 85 studenter i åldrar mellan 19–65 år. Datan undersöktes med hjälp av frekvenstabeller och analyserades via Spearman’s rho. Resultat: En procentuell minskning i dagliga aktivitetsminuter med 39 minuter och en procentuell ökning i stillasittande där respondenter var mer stillasittande med 89 minuter per dag under pandemin jämfört med tidigare. Ett statiskt signifikant samband deducerades både gällande fysisk aktivitet samt stillasittande före och under pandemin.
Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are two of the main risk factors for deteriorated health, the latter is even considered a pandemic. In March 2020, the spread of Covid-19 was declared a pandemic. Considering the Covid-19 pandemic, professionals and university students were urged to work and study remotely when possible. This change in the work or study situation can affect the target group's physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate possible changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours, to analyse the relationship between the number of minutes spent on physical activity before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and also the relationship between the number of minutes spent sedentary before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: A web survey with a cross-sectional design and a quantitative approach was conducted on professionals and students with a sample of 224 respondents. A total of 194 people were included of which 133 were women, 60 men and a non-binary person. In terms of occupation, 109 were professionals and 85 were students aged between 19 and 65. The data were examined using frequency tables and analysed via Spearman's rho. Results: A percentual decrease by 39 minutes in daily physical activity and a percentual increase in sedentary behaviour as respondents were more sedentary by 89 minutes per day during the pandemic compared to earlier. A statically significant association was deducted both in terms of physical activity and sedentary before and during the pandemic.

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Шевченко, Юлія Вікторівна, Yuliya Viktorivna Shevchenko i Anna Ayrapetyan. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and on the world production of passenger aircraft". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/45128.

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The situation will also affect suppliers of aircraft parts and engines. On average, their margins will decrease from 11% to 3%. That being said, engine suppliers will be the hardest hit as airlines tend to park older aircraft, which require more maintenance to operate, due to declining traffic.
In April 2020, the IMF was forced to radically revise its forecasts for the development of the world economy. “The world has changed dramatically in the three months that have passed since the release of our last edition,” says the emergency issue of the report “World Economic Outlook: The Great Self-Isolation”. IMF estimates, the world economy to face the greatest fall since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The total loss of world GDP as a result of the so-called "Great Self-Isolation" could reach, according to the IMF, $ 9 trillion. International experts emphasize that the current crisis is unlike any previous crisis in history for several reasons.

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Andersson, Jennifer, i Sue-Ellen Njekwa. "Pandemin är inte över förran den är det överallt : En kvalitativ studie om hur experter ser på distributionen av vaccin mot covid-19 mellan hög- och låginkomstländer". Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Globala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53763.

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Covid-19-pandemin utgör ett globalt hot mot hälsa, ekonomiskt välbefinnande och politisk stabilitet. Enligt forskare är vacciner mot covid-19 en nyckel till att få ett slut på pandemin och återgå till en viss typ av normalitet. Problemet är att vaccinerna mot covid-19 har fördelats ojämnt mellan hög- och låginkomstländer. Denna studie är baserad på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer som undersöker hur experter ser på distributionen av vacciner mot covid-19 mellan hög- och låginkomstländer. Mer specifikt, vilka faktorer som de anser påverka fördelningen samt vilka åtgärder som behövs för att göra fördelningen mer rättvis. Studien är kopplad till ett teoretiskt ramverk om global rättvisa som används för att förklara varför vi människor har skyldigheter att hjälpa varandra. Denna studies resultat indikerar att majoriteten av experterna anser att fördelningen av vaccinerna har i hög grad varit ojämn eftersom höginkomstländer har anskaffat mer vacciner än låginkomstländerna. Enligt experterna kan en global ojämn fördelning av vacciner leda till konsekvenser som att det utvecklas mutationer av viruset som inte vaccinerna fungerar emot, och att pandemin således fortsätter. Den viktigaste faktorn som experterna belyste är att länder har agerat nationalistiskt och att det har varit ett högt tryck på politiska ledare att skaffa vacciner för deras befolkningar. Experterna var överens om att Covax initiativet var en bra åtgärd för att vaccinerna skulle fördelas mer rättvist även om de också påpekade utmaningar med Covax. Denna studie bidrar därför till förståelsen att det finns många faktorer som påverkar den globala fördelningen av vacciner mot covid-19, men också att det finns flera åtgärder för att göra fördelningen mer rättvis.
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a global threat to health, economic well-being and political sta- bility. According to researchers, COVID-19 vaccines are a key to ending the pandemic and return- ing to a certain type of normality. The issue is that the COVID-19 vaccines have been unevenly distributed between high- and low-income countries. This study is based on qualitative semi-struc- tured interviews exploring how experts view the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines between high- and low-income countries. More specifically, what factors that they consider to affect the distribution and what measures are needed to make the distribution more equitable. The study connects to the theoretical framework of global justice which is used to clarify why humans have obligations to help each other. The result of the study indicates that the majority of experts con- clude that the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines has been very uneven because high-income countries have obtained more vaccines than low-income countries. According to experts, an une- ven distribution of the vaccines can lead to several consequences such as the development of mu- tants which the vaccine does not work against, and thus to the pandemic continuing. The main factor pointed out by the experts is that countries have acted nationalistic and that there has been a lot of pressure on political leaders to procure vaccines for their populations. The experts agree that the Covax initiative was a good measure for the vaccines to be distributed more fairly, alt- hough they also highlighted challenges with Covax. This study therefore contributes to the under- standing that there are many factors that affect the global distribution of vaccines against COVID- 19, but also that there are several measures to make the distribution more equitable.

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Leshnak, Shelby. "The New Normal: An Examination of Home Working Environments in Post-Pandemic America". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623241499100821.

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Carey, Caitlin, Parisa Frost, Jon Harguindeguy, Sarah Heller, Susan Lee, Christina Smith i Eva Wang. "Art-Making During a Global Pandemic: A Collaborative Autoethnography". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/957.

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Between March 11, 2020 and May of 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) counted over 100 million cases of COVID-19, resulting in three million deaths worldwide (WHO, 2021). In order to examine the effects of art-making on social and psychological well-being, seven graduate students from the Marital and Family Art Therapy Program at LMU conducted the following study utilizing a qualitative, arts-based research approach through collaborative autoethnography (CAE). The research question — What are the effects of personal art-making on well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic? — was posed by the seven graduate student authors. The data revealed that pandemic-time art-making impacted well-being through three primary avenues: by acting as a means to cope, to adapt, and to process. Each of our emerging themes highlighted the use of art-making as a tool, and each theme described this phenomenon in a unique and pointed way. First, our art-making impacted our well-being during the pandemic by serving as a tool to cope with the stressors of the pandemic by minimizing, banishing, or making them tolerable. Going one step further than coping, art-making also served as a tool for adapting. It acted as the mediating force between the pandemic’s external impacts and our ensuing internal experiences. Finally, art-making impacted well-being throughout the pandemic by serving as a tool to process corporeal experiences, emotional experiences, and other personal realities. In order to build upon our findings, we propose future research on the impacts of personal art-making on wellness through collaborative autoethnography by participant-researchers representing diverse cultures within their social and environmental contexts.

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Finessi, Francesca <1998&gt. "Cities as the Leading Actors in the Global Governance and COVID-19 Pandemic Challenge? The increasingly important role of cities in coping with climate change and the relative contradiction which emerged with the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20442.

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I rischi relativi al cambiamento climatico sono sempre più incombenti nella vita quotidiana causando instabilità nel processo decisionale tra i diversi livelli e attori facenti parte dell’amministrazione e governabilità relative a questo fenomeno. Negli ultimi decenni la gestione del cambiamento climatico e dello sviluppo sostenibile è stata guidata soprattutto dalle città globali, in quanto maggiori responsabili delle emissioni totali di gas serra. Sono state create numerose istituzioni e progetti con l’obiettivo di trovare accordi generali per affrontare i rischi provocati dal cambiamento climatico. Uno degli obiettivi principali è quello di raggiungere una neutralità delle emissioni, chiamata carbon-neutrality, in particolare tramite la creazione del progetto Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance, e One Hundred Carbon Neutral Cities by 2030. Tuttavia, la pandemia globale di COVID-19 ha provocato una variazione nell’equilibrio formatosi nella governabilità delle città per quanto riguarda la gestione del cambiamento climatico, le quali hanno dovuto allentare le norme che avevano stabilito per promuovere la sostenibilità per potersi concentrare completamente sul problema della crisi sanitaria. Con la diffusione della pandemia, inoltre, si è verificato un processo di re-centralizzazione dei governi nazionali, in quanto incaricati per la deliberazione di decisioni in tempi brevi per rallentare la propagazione del virus.

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Jakupovic, Emina, i Sanna Hansen. "Covid-19 pandemins påverkan på barn och ungdomars psykiska hälsa : identifiering av riskfaktorer – en litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19811.

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Introduktion: Psykisk ohälsa hos barn och ungdomar fortsätter att öka och har blivit ett stort samhällsproblem och den höga sjukdomsbördan medför att psykisk ohälsa räknas som en folksjukdom. Covid-19 pandemin har medfört en försämring av den psykiska hälsan till följd av förändrade levnadsvanor på grund av restriktionerna för att minska smittspridningen och konsekvenserna kan påverka individer i flera år framåt. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att identifiera vilka riskfaktorer som påverkar barn och ungdomars psykiska hälsa negativt under covid-19 pandemin. Metod: Denna studie är en tematisk litteraturstudie och artiklar har framtagits med hjälp av databaserna Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Directory of Open Accsess Journals, MEDLINE EBSCO, PubMed och SpringerLink. Resultat: Fyra riskfaktorer identifierades ”fysisk inaktivitet”, ”ökad skärmtid”, ”våld i hemmet/föräldrars alkoholmissbruk” samt ”isolation/social distansering”. Även socioekonomiska faktorer utmärkte sig som betydande för psykisk ohälsa samt att flickor var särskilt utsatta för psykisk ohälsa under pandemin. Slutsats: Covid-19 pandemin har påverkat barn och ungdomars psykiska hälsa negativt, restriktionerna har medfört att smittspridningen minskat, dock till en bekostnad av en ökad psykisk ohälsa. Fler studier på ämnet behövs för att utforska vilka ytterligare konsekvenser covid-19 pandemin har fått på folkhälsan då forskningsområdet är relativt outforskat.
Introduction: Mental illness in children and adolescents continues to increase and has become a major societal problem. The prevalence and high burden makes mental illness apublic health disease. The covid-19 pandemic has led to deterioration in mental health due to changes in lifestyles due to restrictions to reduce the spread of infection. Consequences of these restrictions can affect individuals for years to come. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors that have a negative impact on children and adolescent's mental health during the covid-19 pandemics. Methods: This study was a thematic literature study and articles has been selected from the databases Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Directory of Open Accsess Journals, MEDLINE EBSCO, PubMed och SpringerLink. Conclusion: The covid-19 has had a negative effect on the mental health of children and adolescents and covid-19 restrictions have led to a reduction in the spread of the infection but at the expense of increased mental illness. More studies on the subject are needed to explore the additional consequences

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Jacobsen, Mia. "Health or Wealth during a global pandemic? : An interpretivist analysis of the World Bank Group’s COVID-19 strategy on health". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42980.

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As health transcends all borders so does the power of dominant global actors on health issues. The COVID-19 strategy of the World Bank Group will in this thesis be analyzed to demonstrate the dependency relations constructed through the World Bank Group’s health approach and its relation to Nigeria in particular. By adopting the theoretical perspective of dependency theory by Andre Gunder Frank (1969) this thesis will account for an interpretivist analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. In analyzing the World Bank Group’s projects, loans and conditions this thesis accounts for how the World Bank Group are de-prioritizing health and prioritizing private over public sectors in its approach. The analysis demonstrates how this is identified both in its overall strategy and in the case study of Nigeria. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis of the WBG’s main strategy approach and partnership framework with Nigeria it is presented how the neoliberal discourse on health and development in general contributes to dependency relations of its borrowing states. The power of the World Bank Group is identified in its ability to construct such relations through its approach practically and discursively.

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Eriksson, Karolina. "Sammanhanget och naturen : En intervjustudie med seniorer i en intervention under covid-19-pandemin". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448056.

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Seniorer är en utsatt grupp under covid-19-pandemin då de riskerar att drabbas av allvarlig sjukdom eller död till följd av covid-19. Samtidigt innebär de restriktioner som har införts för att skydda mot covid-19 stora förändringar i människors vardag och riskerar att påverka den psykiska likväl som den fysiska hälsan negativt. Naturen påverkar däremot hälsan positivt på en rad olika sätt och människan tenderar att återhämta sig mer gynnsamt i kontakt med naturen. Naturen kan även utgöra en resurs för att hantera stress under en kris på ett bättre sätt. Den salutogena teorin känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) med delarna begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet, Attention Restoration Theory samt Supportive Environment Theory har använts som teoretiska ramverk i studien. Träffpunkten flyttar ut var en intervention med syfte att öka förekomsten av enkla friluftsaktiviteter i närnatur bland seniorer med mål att främja hälsan. I studien har tolv seniorer som deltog i träffpunkter förlagda utomhus deltagit i en semistrukturerad intervju. Materialet har analyserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultatet visar att seniorerna påverkades positivt socialt, fysiskt och psykiskt på ett holistiskt sätt genom interventionen, att naturen hade en gynnsam effekt för välmående och slutligen att seniorerna hade olika förhållningssätt i pandemin. Förhållningssätten utgjordes av inre och yttre strategier där samhörighet och sysselsättning framkom som yttre strategier där träffpunkten hade en betydande roll. Implikationen är att interventioner som använder naturen som arena kan utgöra en preventiv och hälsofrämjande åtgärd för seniorer som är betydelsefull för att främja folkhälsan i en kris såsom covid-19-pandemin.
Seniors are a vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic as they are at risk of suffering from serious illness or death from COVID-19. At the same time, the restrictions that have been introduced to protect against COVID-19 have implied major changes in people's everyday lives and risk affecting the mental as well as the physical health negatively. Nature has a positive effect on health in various ways and humans tend to recover more favorably in contact with nature. Nature can also be a resource for dealing with stress during a crisis. The salutogenic theory Sense of Coherence (SOC) including the aspects of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, has been used as a theoretical framework in the study. Twelve semi-structured interviews have been carried out with seniors who participated in meeting places outdoors. The material has been analyzed with a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The results show that the seniors were influenced positively socially, physically, and mentally in a holistic way through the intervention. Furthermore, it emerged that nature has a beneficial effect for well-being and that different attitudes emerged in the pandemic among the seniors. The attitudes consisted of internal and external strategies where cohesion and carrying out activities emerged as external strategies where the meeting point had a significant role. The implication is that interventions using nature as an arena can constitute a preventive and health-promoting measure for seniors that is important for improving public health in a crisis such as COVID-19 pandemic.

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Noori, Qais. "The changes of training activity level in athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of self-determination motivation". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95254.

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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka atletens träningsnivå och motivationsnivå när de delta i idrott eller träna under COVID-19 pandemiska krisen. Metod som är användes i denna undersökning var enkätfrågor. Enkätfrågor delades in i teman bestående av; a) Generella frågor; b) Träningsrutin före och under Pandemin; c) Motivationsfaktorer som är träningsrelaterad och för att mäta motivationsnivå användes följande instrument av självbestämmande teori d) SMS-II och BREQ-2. Enkätfrågor distribuerades på nätet till atleter runt Sverige. Respondenterna (n=160) var män (n=111) och kvinnor (n=49). Resultaten visade att atleter som fortsätt med gruppträning och atleter som sluttad med gruppträning hade generals samma motivationsnivå för att delta i sport eller träna under pandemiska krisen. Som konklusion atleter som fortsatt med gruppträning visade bättre motivationsnivå och minskade inte lika mycket tränings frequency jämfört med gruppen som avslutade med gruppträning.
The purpose of this study was to research athlete’s training activity and motivation level for participating in sport and training during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Method for present research is a questionnaire which contained instruments; a) General information about athletes; b) Training routines before & during pandemic crisis; c)Training-related motivational factors and for measuring motivation level the following questionnaires of self-determination theory were used d) SMS-2 and BREQ-2. The questionnaire was published on the internet for athletes around Sweden. Respondents were (n=160) men (n=111) and women (n=49). Result showed that athletes who continued with group training and who stopped with group training in general, have same level of motivation for the sport participation and training during the pandemic crisis. Discussion Both groups showed a reduction in the training-related variables for pre - pandemic vs during pandemic. In conclusion it showed that the athletes who continued with the group training hade better motivation level and didn’t reduced with the training frequency in contrast to the group that stopped with the group training.

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Säljedal, Klara, i Johannes Danielsson. "Living your life through technology : A qualitative study about technology usage during a global pandemic". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172436.

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Social isolation is one of the main challenges for distance students. In the situation of covid- 19, on-campus university students in Sweden are faced with the same challenge, since they have been required to study elsewhere as Universities are closed for students. We asked in what way students use technology during covid-19, and which role technology has for university students. The answers to these questions are important to be able to design and implement better technology for communication and collaboration across distances. To study this, we conducted qualitative interviews and a questionnaire with university students normally studying at campus. Our findings show that university students use a variety of technologies during covid-19 to socialize, work and study, and entertain themselves. We contribute with information about which online services, functions, and hardware are seen as most important. Finally, we provide information about technology's role for university students during covid-19, such as something used to maintain your social life, studies, for entertainment and to combat boredom.

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Badiale, Maria Eugenia. "The dynamics of communication in global virtual software development teams : A case study in the agile context during the Covid-19 pandemic". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413832.

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The increase of globalization of business led to the creation of global virtual software development teams in which communication plays an important role. The lack of recent studies raises the need to investigate communication in the context of agile and the current Covid-19 pandemic. This study identifies in literature three factors present in global virtual software development teams: technology, culture, and trust. It aims to explore how they influence internal communication. A qualitative method is conducted on a case study by combining data collected from semi-structured interviews and observations. The case study is a global virtual software development team which implemented the agile Scrum methodology. The findings provide a deep understanding of the positive and negative influences of the factors on communication, including their interrelations and context. Some of the main findings are: (I) the best set up for collaboration among global team members is the combination of synchronous and asynchronous communication through technological tools, (II) cultural diversity leads to differences in the ways members communicate, (III) trust is the precondition of working collaboratively and communicating effectively, (IV) global team members need to occasionally have in-person interactions to nurture their interpersonal relations, (V) the agile Scrum methodology influences internal communication positively, (VI) each communication factor is influenced by time; thus, the theoretical framework developed for this study is updated with this addition, (VII) the Covid- 19 pandemic affects communication to a certain extent.

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Guldstrand, Gloria. "Public life in Stockholm suburban centres during the Covid-19 pandemic : Case study research of Aspudden, Bredäng and Mälarhöjden through observations and questionnaire based surveys". Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301673.

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This thesis studies Covid-19 influence on public life in three different Stockholm suburbs. Strategies to decrease the spread of Covid-19 have made people stay where they live and keep physical distance. Thereby more residents might spend more time in their suburban area and use the public realm differently than before. Similarly, current planning trends such as 1- and-15 minute cities emphasize the need for more functions in residential areas. The case study suburbs have varying characteristics. Aspudden is a very urban suburb with a high street, Bredäng a post-war modernist influenced suburb and Mälarhöjden a garden city inspired suburb. The findings suggest that people wanted to spend more time in green areas as well as socialising outside during Covid-19. Mälarhöjden appeared to use part of their suburban centre slightly more during the pandemic. The socioeconomic contexts of the different suburbs also appear to influence public life patterns during Covid-19 and more importantly put areas like Bredäng at a higher mortality risk for Covid-19 the other areas, which should be investigated further.

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Aberle, Nathalie, i Mayke Martijntje Hoekstra. "Resilience Based Crisis Management in Public Educational Institutions at the Time of Global Pandemic of COVID-19 : The Implication for Ensuring SDG 4". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18454.

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Purpose: The pursuance of the sustainable development goals, introduced by the United Nations in2015, is of absolute necessity to build a sustainable future. Resilience-based crisis management helps tosustain an organisation and pursue its goal during crises. The aim of this research was to explore thestatus quo of resilience-based crisis management within public primary- and secondary schools in theNetherlands during school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the aim was todiscover which measures were in place to safeguard the provision of SDG 4. The exploration took placeto observe the adaptation capabilities within the educational sector, which could safeguard the provisionof SDG 4. Methodology: The aim was pursued by a qualitative approach. 17 semi-structured interviews with 18people were conducted during the time of the immediate Coronavirus crisis. All interviewees heldpositions within the crisis management of primary- and secondary schools in the Netherlands. Theinterviews were then analysed by the two researchers using thematic content analysis. Results: The results suggest that:(a) Crisis management structures in the schools foster resilience, yet, leave room for improvement;(b) Crisis management processes to foster resilience are present in the schools, however, the extentvaries and especially the pre-crisis actions were limited;(c) The sustainable development goals, especially the content of SDG 4, are little known in the schools;(d) Actions and measures to provide equitable and qualitative education during the temporary schoolclosures are in place. Implications: This research adds to the young field of crisis management within schools during schoolclosures as well as the provision of SDG 4 during crises through resilience-based crisis management.Since this research is of exploratory nature, many future research opportunities derive from this research.Furthermore, it discovered the strengths and challenges of the Dutch primary and secondary educationsector and gives room for development through education on SDG 4 and resilience-based crisismanagement.

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Loinder, Arvidsson Lova. "A Healthy Performance in Times of a Pandemic : A review of the World Health Organization's policy performance in times of global public health crises". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190550.

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This paper explores WHO’s response during the COVID-19 pandemic and compares it to its response during the SARS epidemic in 2003. This is done by examining the organization’s performance through a policy output approach and theoretical perspectives of effectiveness and performance theories. The policy output approach offers an operational model that suggests studying five variables of output applied to the policy documents published by the organization. The results show that WHO has increased its performance and productivity since SARS 2003 which might indicate that the effectiveness of the organization could have increased along with it. However, in order to ultimately establish effectiveness, external factors such as compliance of member states and domestic politics needs to be considered in future studies. This study contributes to the understanding of WHO’s performance in times of crisis and can be used as background for further research on effectiveness.

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Bäckström, Pernilla. "Covid-19 pandemins konsekvenser av mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer : data från 9 länder". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19812.

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Introduktion: Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och ett brott mot mänskliga rättigheter. Under 2020-2021, påverkas hela världen av covid-19-pandemin, med restriktioner som hemkarantän och arbeta hemifrån har detta även resulterat i en social isolering, minskat socialt stödsystem samt ökat våld mot kvinnor. Vilket i sin tur innebär att situationen för våldsutsatta kvinnor riskerar att förvärras. Av de kvinnor som utsätts för våldsbrott, inträffar tre av fyra incidenter i kvinnans egen bostad. Detta innebär att för en kvinna är det hennes egna hem som i statistiken är den farligaste platsen för henne att befinna sig. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att belysa covid-19-pandemins konsekvenser av mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med en tematisk analys baserad på tio vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Resultat: Samtliga artiklar rapporterade psykiskt våld som den formen av våldshandling som både ökat och nyttjades mest av män i våld mot kvinnor, men mycket tyder på att mörkertalet för mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer i samband med covid-19 är globalt mycket större än vad som framkommit i dessa studier. Slutsats: Den aktuella studiens resultat fann ett begränsat stöd för sambandet mellan hypoteser i förhållandet mellan olika samhällsåtgärder under covid-19-pandemin och vissa socioekonomiska faktorer, på mäns våld mot kvinnor. När de socioekonomiska faktorerna påverkades av en pandemi samtidigt som den ekonomiska stressen uppkom, ökade mäns våld mot kvinnor. Psykiskt våld var den formen som rapporterades både ökat och användes mest av män i utövandet av våld mot kvinnor under covid-19-pandemin.
Introduction: Men's violence against women is a global public health problem and a violation of human rights. In 2020-2021, the entire world is affected by the covid-19-pandemic. Restrictions such as home quarantine and working from home have resulted in social isolation, reduced social support, and increased violence against women. This indicates that the situation for abused women is in danger of deteriorating. Of women who are victims of violence, three of four incidents occur in the woman's own home. This means that for a woman, her own home is the most dangerous place for her to be. Aim: This analysis aims to clarify the covid-19-pandemic's consequences of men's violence against women in intimate relationships. Methods: A systematic review with a thematic analysis based on ten scientific original articles. Results: All articles reported psychological violence as the form of violence that increased and was used the most by men in violence against women. Data indicate that the magnitude of men's violence against women in connection with covid-19 is globally large. Conclusion: The results of the current study found limited support for the hypotheses in the relationship between different society restrictions in connections with the covid-19-pandemic and socio-economic factors on men's violence against women. When the socio-economic factors were affected by the pandemic and at the same time experienced economic stress, men's violence against women increased. Psychological violence was the form of violence that was, reported to be used the most by men in their violence against women during the covid-19-pandemic

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Wallin, Hanna. "Social arbetsmiljö vid arbete hemifrån : En kvalitativ studie om upplevelser av den sociala arbetsmiljön vid arbete hemifrån under Covid-19 pandemin". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbetshälsovetenskap och psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36302.

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I och med rådande covid-19 pandemi har flera restriktioner införts som bland annat social distansering och att arbeta hemifrån om möjlighet finns, som en följd av pandemin och dess restriktioner har våra sociala kontakter minskat både på arbetet och privat. Det har tidigare rapporterats om både för-och nackdelar med att arbeta hemifrån och effekten på den arbetsrelaterade hälsan skiljer sig i tidigare forskning. Många tidigare studier som berör covid-19 och arbetshälsa är utförda i andra länder med hårdare restriktioner och andra förutsättningar, det finns därför en kunskapslucka och det upplevs också finnas behov av mer forskning kring hur förutsättningar i vår arbetsmiljö har förändrats i och med covid-19 pandemin. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur medarbetare upplever sin sociala arbetsmiljö vid arbete hemifrån under covid-19 pandemin. Denna studie är en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod och intervjuerna utfördes genom digitala kommunikationsverktyg. Studien innefattar 10 informanter som arbetar inom en kommunal sektor som i och med pandemin arbetar hemifrån. Resultatet visade att de upplevde sin sociala arbetsmiljö som väldigt annorlunda med endast digital kontakt med kollegor och chef. Upplevelser av den sociala arbetsmiljön innefattade färre sociala och spontana kontakter, dock försökte informanterna att prata kontinuerligt med sina kollegor och det upplevdes viktigt att stötta varandra. De upplevde också fördelar och nackdelar med att kommunicera via digitala verktyg men upplevelsen var att samarbetet med kollegor fungerade bra även om det fanns vissa svårigheter. Informanterna hade olika upplevelser av kontakten med chef och möjligheterna till att få stöd.
With the current COVID-19 pandemic, several restrictions have been introduced, including social distancing and working from home if possible, as a result of the pandemic and its restrictions, our social contacts have decreased both at work and in private life. There have been previous reports of both the pros and cons of working from home and the effect on work-related health differs in previous research. Many previous studies concerning COVID-19 and occupational health have been carried out in other countries with tighter restrictions and other conditions, there is therefore a knowledge gap and there is also a need for more research into how conditions in our work environment have changed with the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study is to investigate how employees experience their social work environment when working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews as a method and the interviews take place through digital communication tools. The study includes 10 informants who are working from home during the pandemic. The results showed both that the informants perceived their social work environment as very different with only digital contact with colleagues and managers. Experiences of the social work environment included fewer social and spontaneous contacts, however, the informants tried to talk continuously with their colleagues and it felt important to support each other. They also experienced the advantages and disadvantages of communicating through digital tools, but the experience was that the collaboration with colleagues worked well even though there were some difficulties. The informants had different experiences of contact with the manager and the possibilities for receiving support.

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Abdullah, Tahira. "Achieving supply chain sustainability, circular economy and sustainable decision making in wake of pandemic and recovery phase : an empirical investigation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221216_ABDULLAH_6yi49ilo384ilrpvj437qwhllx_TH.pdf.

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Les objectifs de cette étude sont d'analyser et d'évaluer la dynamique de la chaîne logistique durable en période de pandémie mondiale de covid-19. Elle a pour objet d'identifier les défis auxquels sont confrontés les professionnels de la chaîne logistique pour parvenir à sa durabilité. La recherche menée met en valeur les récentes initiatives de durabilité prises par les entreprises des secteurs de la mode et du luxe et les stratégies de chaîne logistique durable en raison des opportunités et des avantages perdus pendant la pandémie. La recherche a mis en lumière les lacunes à combler grâce aux enseignements tirés du covid-19 et redéfinit les orientations futures de la gestion durable de la chaîne logistique pour assurer la production, le consommation et l’économie circulaire durables. La recherche met en valeur les motivations de prise de décision durable des professionnels de la chaîne logistique dans le contexte économique actuel
The aim of this study is to analyze and assess the sustainable supply chain dynamics in times of covid-19 global pandemic to identify the challenges faced by supply chain professionals in achieving the sustainability in supply chain in covid-19 global pandemic, the recent sustainability initiatives taken by the companies in the luxury fashion sectors and the sustainable supply chain strategies in result of the opportunities and the lost advantages during pandemic. The research shed light on the gaps to be covered with the lessons learned from covid-19 and redefine future directions of the sustainable supply chain management to ensure sustainable production, consumption, and circular economy. The research aspired to inculcate the sustainable decision-making motives of supply chain professionals in the present context

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Hurtig, Kenny. "Att vara handbollsspelare under en pandemi : En kvalitativ studie om möjligheter och hinder att vara fysiskt aktiv och behålla motivation till lagidrott". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54207.

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Fysisk aktivitet kan genomföras genom exempelvis lagidrott vilket genererar psykiska, fysiska och sociala vinster i relation till hälsa. Som lagidrottsutövare under en pandemi har utmaningar uppstått som kräver att idrottsverksamheter behöver anpassa sig vilket också påverkar utövarna. Handboll är en sport som bedrivs inomhus med fysisk kontakt som till följd av Covid-19 pandemin både pausats och stängts ned. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur handbollsspelare upplever möjligheten att vara fysiskt aktiv under en pandemi och huruvida detta påverkar motivation i relation till lagidrotten. I studien har en kvalitativ metod tillämpats genom ett målstyrt urval där sex handbollsspelare i Västmanland intervjuades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Insamlade data transkriberades och analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att det finns upplevda möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet under Covid-19 pandemin som krävt en individuell träningsomställning och detta har möjliggjort mer tid till annat. De upplevda hindren är begränsad tillgänglighet att utöva handboll och mindre kollektiv träning som har bidragit till bristande motivation till lagidrotten. Slutsatserna visar att den sociala vinsten lagidrott genererar upplevs meningsfull vilket pandemin begränsat. Möjligheter och hinder har gjort att handbollsspelare ifrågasätter varför de tränar så mycket när det inte finns något att träna för vilket också påverkar motivation till sporten.
Physical activity can be performed through for example team sports which generate mental, physical, and social benefits in relation to health. As a team sport athlete during a pandemic, challenges have arisen that require sports activities to adapt, which also affects the athletes. Handball is a sport that is played indoors with physical contact which as a result of the Covid- 19 pandemic has both been paused and shut down. The aim of the study is to investigate how handball players experience the opportunity to be physically active during a pandemic and whether this affects motivation in relation to team sports. In the study, a qualitative method was applied through purposeful sampling where six handball players in Västmanland were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed by manifest content analysis. The results show that there are perceived opportunities for physical activity during the Covid- 19 pandemic that required an individual training adjustment, and this has enabled more time for other things. The perceived barriers during a pandemic with limited accessibility to practice handball and less collective training have contributed to a lack of motivation to team sports. The conclusion shows that the social winning teams sport generates, and which is perceived as meaningful, has been limited during the pandemic. Opportunities and barriers have made handball players questioning why they train so much when there is nothing to train for, which also affect motivation for the sport.

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Palazuelos, Prieto Antonio. "The Community-Centered Solution to a Pandemic : Risk Communication and Community Engagement for Co-Production of Knowledge in Health Emergencies and Infodemic Context". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41514.

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This research explores how community-centered solutions facilitate the success and ownership of the response actions to deal with a public health emergency, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. When an outbreak or a hazard impacts a group of people, there is a strong need for communication in order to be able to access to the right information that takes people to make the correct decision and thus to take a protective action to be safe. This approach, known as Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE)[1], allows the co-production of knowledge needed for a group of people to remain safe. For this approach, social listening tools, such as media monitoring and community feedback collection are critical understand communities’ needs. Its analysis allows to tailor a RCCE strategy that is able to substantially reduce the threat that a public health emergency poses to human lives[2]. Communities need solutions that are adapted to their needs in order to be able to deal with any emergency, including the Covid-19 pandemic. The RCCE approach empowers communities and provides them with the tools to amplify their voices. This participatory approach allows them to co-produce knowledge and get full ownership of the solutions. Nevertheless, in an environment with excess of information, it may not be easy to discern the truth from the false. Unverified information and rumors are frequent and social media channels facilitate their rapid dissemination without borders. ‘Infodemic’ refers to an excessive amount of information concerning a problem such that the solution is made more difficult. (WHO, 2020)[3] Some rumors may encourage people to take wrong decisions and perform actions that exacerbate risks during an emergency. The RCCE approach helps to promote real-time exchange of information to avoid that rumors and disinformation flourish. (WHO, 2018)[4]. It also allows to identify and implement community-centered solutions to communities’ problems. RCCE needs data to monitor and evaluate its activities and reach effectively populations in risk to encourage them to observe the health preventive measures. Lives at risk depends on the right information conveyed through the right channel at the right time. To be able to supply tailored and accurate information to those communities and engage them, evidence-based RCCE strategies are needed, respecting the socio-anthropological and cultural context of the community. This research is based on the findings from five African countries -Cabo Verde, Cameroon, the Gambia, Mozambique and Niger-, all of them seriously affected by current Covid-19 pandemic. Its conclusions help to understand the critical role that RCCE plays in health emergencies resilient recovery. [1] World Health Organization (WHO) (‎2020)‎. Risk communication and community engagement (‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎RCCE)‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ readiness and response to the 2019 novel coronaviruses (‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎2019-‎‎nCoV)‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎: interim guidance, 26 January 2020. Geneva: WHO. [2] Risk Communication is one of the eight core functions of the International Health Regulations (2005) [3] World Health Organization (WHO) (‎2020)‎. Infodemic management: a key component of the COVID-19 global response. Weekly Epidemiological Record 95 (‎16)‎, 145 - 148. World Health Organization. [4] World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). Communicating Risk in Public Health Emergencies - A WHO Guideline for Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) policy and practice. Geneva: World Health Organization.

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Andersson, Kakos Sandra. "Har de äldres aktivitetsvanor ändrats under pågående covid-19 pandemin? : En kvantitativ studie om äldres fysiska aktivitet innan och under pågående covid-19 pandemi". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54760.

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Abdimaxmud, Nagaad. "Elevhälsoteamets upplevelser av covid-19-pandemin : En kvalitativ intervjustudie". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54088.

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Andersson, Viktor, i Lydia Malm. "Gone with the Crises? : A Case Study on Aid Flows in Sweden, the United States and the United Kingdom in Times of Crises". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432339.

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Determining whether great crises in donor countries, such as the contemporary COVID-19 pandemic, alter foreign aid allotment represents an urgent research problem. This thesis aims to disentangle if and how aid is increased, reduced or remained the same during crises. The work conducted is a case study of three donor countries: Sweden, the United States and the United Kingdom. Their aid is scrutinized in relation to three crises, the Nordic crisis, the global crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic. An identified disagreement in the previous research helps create the theoretical framework guiding this study. A hypothesis is drawn from said framework, that aid allotment is to decrease during crises in donor countries. The findings of this thesis can neither confirm nor reject the hypothesis. Case-specific patterns emerge, implying a relationship between crises and alterations of aid. Seemingly, crises affect foreign aid allotment both positively and negatively, opening up for further research to verify the relationship.

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Spennare, Nina. "Äldre träningsmedlemmars fysiska aktivitet under covid-19 pandemin". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för folkhälso- och idrottssvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36840.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur äldre aktiva träningsmedlemmars fysiska aktivitet påverkats av en träningsanläggnings anpassningar till de nationella rekommendationerna under covid-19 pandemin. Metoden för datainsamling inkluderade intervjuer och en icke-deltagande observation. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med träningsanläggningens platschef samt med fyra äldre träningsmedlemmar. En konventionell innehållsanalys användes för att analysera data. Resultatet visade att träningsanläggningens anpassningar riktade till de äldre medlemmarna främst genomfördes för att inte locka dem till anläggningen. De äldre medlemmarna fann det svårt att bibehålla sina regelbundna träningsvanor utanför anläggningen, vilket resulterade i minskad träning. De äldre medlemmarna var i viss utsträckning fortsatt fysiskt aktiva utanför anläggningen, framför allt genom promenader och med stöd av tv-programmet ”Träna med Sofia”. Studiens slutsats var att de äldre träningsmedlemmarna upplevde svårigheter att bibehålla samma vanor utanför träningsanläggningen som före covid-19 pandemin. Schemalagda tider, stöd och uppmuntran från en träningsledare samt det sociala sammanhanget var viktiga faktorer för att vidmakthålla goda träningsvanor.
The purpose of the study was to investigate how older active fitness club members' physical activity was affected by one facility’s adaptations subsequent to national recommendations during the covid-19 pandemic. Interviews and a non-participatory observation were used as data collection methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the facility's site manager and with four elderly fitness club members. A conventional content analysis was used to analyze data. Results showed that facility adaptations specific to the elderly members were implemented primarily to avoid attracting them to the facility. The elderly members found it difficult to maintain their regular exercise routines outside the facility, which resulted in a reduced exercise. However, elderly members were physically active to some extent outside the facility, mainly by walking and with support of a television fitness program. In conclusion, elderly fitness club members experienced difficulties in maintaining the same exercise routines outside the facility as before the covid-19 adaptations. Scheduled activities, support and encouragement from a fitness instructor as well as the social context were important factors to maintain exercise routines.

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Vain, Olivia. "Upplevelser av COVID-19 pandemin hosvuxna i Sverige : En kvalitativ intervjustudie". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42508.

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COVID-19 pandemin har skapat omfattande implikation på alla nivåer i samhället, men är relativt outforskat. Syftet var att utforska upplevelser och erfarenheter av COVID-19 pandemin hos vuxna i Sverige, med fokus på den mentala hälsan. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes under våren år 2021 med fyra män och fyra kvinnor (24-53 år). Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades med latent innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen mynnade ut i tre huvudkategorier. Kategori 1 handlade om förändringar, begränsningar och möjligheter i det praktiska vardagslivet och i sociala sammanhang. Kategori 2 berörde mentala implikationer, vilka var kopplade till känslomässiga begränsningar och oro. Det förekom även positiva känsloaspekter i samband med pandemin. Kategori 3 beskrev kulturella aspekter och informanternas reservationer kring hur Sverige som en nation hanterade bekämpningen av COVID-19, men det fanns också hopp om framtiden och en längtan. På en högre abstraktionsnivå framträdde ett övergripande tema: Efter regn kommer solsken, som sammantaget illustrerar att även om det fanns negativa aspekter som pandemin hade medfört, var hopp om framtiden framträdande. Slutsats: Trots att informanternas livsmiljö och umgänge, liksom den mentala hälsan påverkades och upplevelser av kognitiv dissonans och tveksamheter rörande Sveriges hantering av pandemin förekom, så visade informanterna på resiliens som ingav hopp om framtiden.

Betyg i Ladok 210603.

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Manuel, Hernan Izaguirre Sotomayor. "La pandemia COVID-19 y la salud global desde la perspectiva de la bioética crítica". Facultad de Medicina Humana. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656235.

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La globalización y la salud global son consecuencias de las decisiones de los responsables de los gobiernos que generaron las políticas públicas, los modos de producción y desarrollo, sin pensar en el beneficio de las personas y del medio ambiente, actuando sin responsabilidad ética ni social al no centrarse en la persona. El derecho humano prioriza la salud y la equidad para todas las personas, valorando la igualdad en el ámbito de la política global, la globalización económica y tecnológica, y en los problemas globales relacionados al medio ambiente, el calentamiento global y flujos migratorios, cuya comprensión demanda conocer las relaciones entre salud humana, ambiente y riqueza, priorizando la supervivencia óptima de la humanidad, meta final de la bioética global, para garantizar la dignidad humana y los derechos humanos universales, incluido el derecho a la salud. “La moralidad universal es producto histórico de la experiencia humana”, al ser prácticas y lecciones aprendidas en el transcurrir del tiempo. Por consiguiente, las decisiones éticas para solucionar conflictos morales durante la pandemia deben ser racionales y no solo emocionales, circunscritas en el ámbito de lo social y de la justicia distributiva con la finalidad de salvar el mayor número de vidas basado en los principios de la ética social, contraponiendo los principios éticos del ámbito individual como la autonomía que es privilegiada cuando no perjudica a otros y la justicia que la limita cuando se priva la libertad con fines de aislamiento.

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Atak, Yesim. "Så påverkas studenter under Covid-19 : En kvalitativ studie om hur högskolestudenter uppfattar att distansundervisningen under Covid-19 pandemin påverkar deras studievillkor". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54191.

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Sedan december 2019 har samhället kommit att förändras på grund av Covid-19 pandemin. Den snabba smittspridningen förändra ett helt globalt samhälle och den 20 mars 2020 förflyttades all högskoleundervisning belägen på campus till undervisning på distans i Sverige. Detta kom att innebära en förändring för högskolestudenter och deras förutsättningar för goda studievillkor. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur högskolestudenter uppfattar att omställningen från campusundervisning till distansundervisning under Covid-19 pandemin har påverkat deras studievillkor. En kvalitativ metod valdes för att besvara studiens syfte. Insamling av data skedde med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer och urvalet av intervjupersoner var målstyrt. Intervjupersonerna bestod av sex högskolestuderande, vars campusundervisning omvandlats till distansundervisning. Materialet som samlades in analyserades med en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet påvisade att högskolestudenterna uppfattade att den snabba omställningen lett till försämrade studievillkor. Det uteblivna stödet av lärare och annan administrativ personal har lett till försämrad motivation till studierna på distans. Den snabba förändringen har lett till försämrade relationer studenter emellan som lett till försämrad samhörighet och delaktighet. Vidare visar resultatet att digitala verktyg är av stor betydelse vid undervisning på distans. Slutsatsen är att högskolestudenterna uppfattar att omställningen från campusundervisning till distansundervisning under Covid-19 pandemin har lett till försämrade studievillkor.
Since December 2019 the society has changed due to Covid-19. The rapid spread of the infection changed an entire global community and on March 20, 2020, all education located on campus was moved to distance education and came to mean a big change for university students and their study conditions. The purpose of the study was to investigate how university students perceive that the change from campus education to distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic has affected their study conditions. A qualitative method was chosen to answer the purpose of the study. Data were collected by using semi structured interviews and the selection was goal-oriented. The interviewees consisted of six university students whose campus education was changed to distance education. The collected material was analyzed with a manifest content analysis. The results showed that the university students perceived that the rapid change has led to worse study conditions. The lack of support from teachers and administrative staff has led to reduced motivation for distance education. The rapid change has led to worse relations between students, which has led to do worse affinity and participation in school. The conclusion of the study is that the university students perceive that the rapid change of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to changed study conditions for the university students.

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Hemmenbach, Annkatrin. "Covid-19-pandemin och ohälsa i gruppen äldre : Konsekvenser av ensamhet och isolering". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19980.

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Introduktion: Den alarmerande spridningen av coronaviruset (COVID-19) utgör ett allvarligt hot mot nationer och samhällen runt om i världen (WHO, 2020). Risken för att bli svårt sjuk i covid-19 ökar med ålder. Viruset som orsakar covid-19 klassas som en infektionssjukdom och smittan sprids genom små droppar som skapas när en infekterad person hostar, nyser eller andas ut. Den påminner ofta om förkylning eller influensa med feber och hosta. Flera länder svarar genom restriktioner av icke-väsentliga aktiviteter och genom så kallade lockdowns eller rekommendationer samt med åtgärder som ska förhindra virusets framfart vilket varit ett viktigt verktyg tillsammans med smittspårning. Det har inneburit stora kostnader och negativ påverkanför både samhälle , den enskilde individen och i synnerhet de äldre. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka isoleringen och ensamhet påverkan på äldre individer under Covid-19 och dess konsekvenser för hälsa och välbefinnande. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie som inkluderade 11 vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade 2020–2021 som söktes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat: Resultatet uppvisar gruppens heterogenitet men även belyser det faktum att flertalet äldre rapporterar ökad ensamhet och oro som konsekvenser av rekommendationer och åtgärder under covid-19 pandemin. Slutsats: Det finns en ökad ohälsa bland äldre individer. Många har klarat sig positivt och anpassat sig, medan andra har upplevt försämrade känslor av ensamhet och med oförmåga att anta ny teknik för att underlätta social interaktion. Att identifiera äldre individer som upplever ihållande ensamhet under pandemin kan vara avgörande för att förbättra deras allmänna välbefinnande och minska risken för ytterligare ohälsa.
Introduction: The alarming spread of the coronavirus leading to COVID-19 posed a serious threat to nations and societies around the world (WHO, 2020). The risk of becoming seriously ill with COVID-19 increases with age. The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is spread through small drops created when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. It is reminiscent of a cold or flu with fever, cough, and many other symptoms. Several countries responded by imposing restrictions on non-essential activities, lockdowns, and social distancingrecommendations, as well as others measures to prevent the virus's spread. These have been important tools along with infection tracing. However, this also has entailedhigh costs and a negative impact at the level of society, the individual and especially the elderly. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on isolation and loneliness among elderly and consequences for health and well-being. Method: A systematic literature study using the databases, PubMed and CINAHL, included 11 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020–2021. Results: The results showed that the impact of COVID-19 washeterogeneous among elderly and highlighted that most elderly people reported increased loneliness and anxiety as a consequence of national and global health recommendations and measures, such as mandated quarantine and social distancing, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 increased ill mental health among older individuals. Many have coped positively and adapted, while others have experienced worsening feelings of loneliness,especially due to an inability to adopt technologies to facilitate social interaction. Identifying elderly individuals who experience persistent loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic iscrucial to improve their overall well-being and reduce the risk of further ill mental and physical health.

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Karlsson, Sofia. "Covid-19-pandemins påverkan på våld mot kvinnor i nära relation : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20038.

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Introduktion: Våld i nära relation är ett folkhälsoproblem då ungefär var tredje kvinna som lever eller har levt i en parrelation utsatts för olika former av våld i nära relation. Våld mot kvinnor i nära relation riskerar att öka under rådande Covid-19-pandemi. Åtgärder för att minska smittspridningen av viruset som lock down och social distansering sätter redan utsatta kvinnor i en än mer utsatt situation som i sin tur kan bidra till att kvinnans redan utsatta situation kan förvärras ännu mer. Syfte: Att undersöka vilken påverkan Covid-19-pandemin har på våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie baserad på 10 originalartiklar. En tematisk analys användes. Resultat: Fyra teman och fem underteman rörande Covid-19-pandemins påverkan på våld mot kvinnor i nära relation framkom ur analysen. De teman som framkom var våld i nära relation ökar under Covid-19-pandemin, olika typer av våld i nära relation under Covid-19-pandemin, psykisk ohälsa som en konsekvens av våld i nära relation under Covid-19-pandemin, svårare att söka hjälp under Covid-19-pandemin. Slutsats: Våld i nära relation ökar under Covid-19-pandemin och samhällets åtgärder för att minska smittspridningen av viruset via lock down och social distansering är de främsta orsakerna till att våldet ökar. Redan utsatta kvinnor befaras därmed att drabbas ännu mer genom pandemins negativa konsekvenser som således gör det mycket angeläget att framhäva sambandet mellan våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer och Covid-19-pandemin i framtidas forskning.

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Hilborn, Lisa, i Alice Carlström. "Skillnader på oro under Covid-19 pandemin : en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie på den arbetande befolkningen i Sverige". Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysisk aktivitet och hälsa, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6644.

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Under 2020 har pandemin haft stor påverkan på mänskligheten och oron över det nya coronavirusets konsekvenser har stegrat. Internationella studier tyder på att psykiska besvär har ökat under pandemin. Social distansering har uppmanats och många yrkesarbetare har jobbat hemifrån för att undvika smittspridning men det finns även många samhällsviktiga yrken där yrkesarbetare dagligen måste möta människor i sitt arbete. Syfte och frågeställningSyftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns skillnader på nivå av oro mellan personer som arbetar på distans och personer som inte gör det till följd av Covid-19. ● Hur ser oronivåerna ut för yrkesarbetare under Covid-19 pandemin? ● Finns det skillnad mellan respektive grupper? ● Ökar eller minskar oron beroende på risk för exponering? Metod Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ forskningsmetod där en Google enkät har utformats för datainsamling. Enkäten består av åtta slutna frågor som var utformade för att vara enkla att besvara. För att få en bild över orosnivåer hos yrkesarbetare under en viss tidpunkt och att mäta skillnader, utformades studien som en tvärsnittsstudie. Google Enkäten samlar enkätsvaren i en Excelfil, online. Det har gjorts av praktiska, kostnadseffektiva och etiska skäl. Det gör att fysiska möten inte har behövt ske för resultatinsamlingen. Upplägget följer Folkhälsomyndighetens rekommendationer kring Covid-19 om minskade antal möten. ResultatResultatet visar en skillnad på 0,15 enhet mellan deltagarna som arbetade på distans och mellan de som inte gör det (p=0,70). Det betyder att studien inte visar några signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika grupperna. Mellan grupper som antas haft högre exponering för Covid-19 under arbetet och de som antas ha haft minst exponering för Covid-19 under arbetet finns det skillnad på 0,66 enheter (p=0,17). Det betyder att det inte heller fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan olika exponering. SlutsatsResultatet från studien visar inga skillnader i oro mellan personer som på grund av Covid-19 arbetade på distans och personer som inte gjorde det.

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Svensson, Ida, i Desirée Bard. "Upplevelser av aktivitetsbalans och dess påverkan på stress för studenter under pandemin covid-19 : En kvalitativ intervjustudie". Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52608.

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Titel: Upplevelser av aktivitetsbalans och dess påverkan på stress för studenter under pandemin covid-19. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur studenter på en svensk högskola upplever aktivitetsbalans och dess påverkan på stress under pandemin covid-19. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med 10 svenska informanter där materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet kom det fram 3 kategorier: Minskade möjligheter i att delta i aktiviteter påverkar aktivitetsbalansen, Strategier för att upprätthålla aktivitetsbalans och Relationen mellan aktivitetsbalans och stress. Resultatet visade upplevelserna av aktivitetsbalans och dess påverkan på stress hos informanterna. Slutsats: Fungerande rutiner och anpassade aktiviteter var av betydelse för upplevd aktivitetsbalans under pandemin covid-19. Upplevelsen av att pandemin påverkat aktivitetsbalans negativt var på grund av bristande rutiner och anpassningar i vardagen. Vid upplevd aktivitetsobalans sågs en verkan på stress men med tidigare erfarenhet av stresshantering kunde det undvikas.
Title: The experiences of occupational balance and its impact on stress for students during the covid-19 pandemic. Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe how students at a Swedish university experience occupational balance and its impact on stress during the pandemic covid-19. Method: A qualitative interview study was used with 10 Swedish participants and the material was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Result: The result revealed 3 categories: Reduced opportunities in participating in activities affect the occupational balance, Strategies for maintaining occupational balance and The relationship between occupational balance and stress. The results showed experiences of occupational balance and its impact on between informants Conclusion: Functioning routines and adapted activities were important for the perceived occupational balance during the covid-19 pandemic. The experience that the pandemic had a negative effect on the balance of activities was due to a lack of routines and adaptations in everyday life. In the case of perceived occupational imbalance, an effect on stress was seen, but with previous experience of stress management, it could be avoided.

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Lubbad, Salam. "Undersköterskors upplevelser av psykosocial arbetsmiljö och hälsa under Covid-19 pandemin : En kvalitativ studie". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55450.

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Previous research emphasizes the importance of the psychosocial work environment among healthcare professionals and indicates a strong link between perceived poor psychosocial work environment and ill health. Nursing staff's psychosocial work environment is characterized by a high level of stress, which reduces their control at work and leads to work situations that are characterized by tense work. To ensure a good working environment, various laws and regulations are established that employers must ensure that they are complied with. The employer is responsible for creating a safe and stress-free working environment with good working conditions where there is the opportunity for action and control. The Covid -19 pandemic places demands on healthcare in Sweden like never before and has caused changes in work at both individual and organizational level. There are clear indications that the working environment and health have deteriorated during the Covid pandemic, however, the research testifies to a knowledge gap as the problem area is limited with Swedish studies. The purpose of this study is to examine nurses experiences of their psychosocial work environment and health during the Covid-19 pandemic. A qualitative research method has been used. Selection methods are partly goal-oriented selection and partly snowball selection method. Data collection has taken place through semi-structured interviews and a manifest content analysis has applied. The results show that the assistant nurses experience a poor psychosocial work environment during the pandemic, which is characterized by deteriorating working conditions and recovery opportunities, poorer control, increased work-related stress and higher demands. Furthermore, the assistant nurses feel that the managers are lacking in their role and that the assistant nurses lack direct cooperation with their managers. However, the results indicate improved collaboration between colleagues. In addition, the work is driven by the duty to work. In summary, the assistant nurses experience a perceived poor psychosocial work environment and health during the Covid-19 pandemic overall.

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Alfredsson, Emmi, i Alexandra Lönn. "”Nytt offer för coronasmittan” : Hur skildras de lidande beroende på det geografiska avståndet i nyhetsrapporteringen kring en global pandemi?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Media- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34196.

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Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av artiklar som berör smittade av covid-19 i Kina och Sverige undersöks det om distanserat lidande kan väcka medlidande hos mottagaren på samma sätt som när det sker nära mottagaren själv. Urvalet är artiklar publicerade i Aftonbladet mellan februari till juni 2020 då viruset spred sig globalt och blev en pandemi. Uppsatsen använder sig av Lilie Chouliaraki’s teori om medlidande och Simon Cottle’s teori om mediers kommunikation i kriser. Den tidigare forskningen som belyses i denna undersökning är studier om hur medias rapportering kan påverka mottagaren. Resultatet av analysen visar att informationen inte är lika detaljerat i den distanserade rapporteringen av covid-19, därmed uppstår inte medlidande i samma utsträckning som i rapporteringen geografiskt nära mottagaren.
This essay examines through a quantitative content analysis of articles whether distant suffering can cause the recipient of the news to feel pity for the sufferers in the same way as when it occurs near the recipient. The selection of articles is published in the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet related to sufferers of covid-19, between February through June 2020 when the virus spread globally and became a pandemic. The essay uses Lilie Chouliaraki's theory of politics of pity and Simon Cottle's theory of media communication in crises. The previous research highlighted in this essay consists of studies on how media reporting in crises can affect the recipient of the news. The results of the study show that the information about the sufferer is not as detailed in the distant reporting of covid-19, therefore pity does not arise to the same extent as in the reporting geographically near the recipient of the news.

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Skårman, Erika, i Sara Swärd. "Virtualitet och Kreativitet : En kvalitativ studie om Covid-19-pandemins påverkan på globala, multikulturella teams möjlighet att vara kreativa". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447735.

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I takt med Covid-19-pandemins framväxt har de flesta företag tvingats till en mer virtuell kommunikationsform där möjligheten till traditionella, fysiska interaktioner kraftigt minskat. Denna studie undersöker hur globala, multikulturella team upplever omställningen till ett mer virtuellt arbete och hur det påverkar deras möjlighet att vara kreativa. Det har tidigare genomförts en mängd forskning på kreativitetsrelaterade utmaningar som multikulturella team ställs inför. Det saknas däremot studier på de utmaningar som virtuella globala, multikulturella team möter, vars tillgång till traditionell kommunikation är begränsad. För att studera detta har en kvalitativ studie genomförts. De tre kreativitetsrelaterade huvudkomponenterna, kulturell mångfald, kommunikation och konflikt, har undersökts. Med bakgrund i dessas samspel och förhållandet till virtualitet och kreativitet resulterar studien i att omställningen till en mer virtuell miljö upplevs, av teamen, vara hämmande för kreativitet. Framför allt avsaknaden av informell kommunikation visas vara den huvudsakliga anledningen till detta.
Along with the Covid-19-pandemic, most companies across the globe have been forced to work in a more virtual way, where access to traditional, physical interactions has been reduced. This study therefore investigates how global, multicultural teams experience the adjustment to more virtual work and how it affects their perceived possibility to be creative. Previously, numerous studies have been conducted regarding creativity-related challenges that global, multicultural teams face. However, what seems to be missing is research on the challenges that virtual global, multicultural teams face, whose access to traditional communication is limited. To examine this a qualitative study has been conducted. The three creativity-related key components, cultural diversity, communication, and conflict have been analyzed. With a background in their interplay and their liaison to virtuality and creativity, this thesis concludes that the change to a more virtual way to work is perceived by the teams to have an inhibitory effect on creativity. The deprivation of informal communication is especially shown to be the primary reason for this.

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Johansson, Emelie. "Relationsbaserat ledarskap och arbetshälsa : En kvantitativ undersökning om relationsbaserat ledarskap och arbetshälsa i distansarbete under covid-19 pandemin". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54226.

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Background: the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased teleworking in society, which affects occupational health. Leadership is important for a prosperous organization and the health of workers. Relationship-based leadership, which involves the social interaction between management and workers, has an impact on workers' occupational health. Aim: the aim is to investigate relationship-based leadership and occupational health in teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic and possible links between relationship-based leadership and workers' occupational health. Method: to answer the aim of the study, a quantitative method was applied with a cross-sectional design. The data collection was collected with a survey and the sample consisted of 82 workers in teleworking. The collected material was analyzed in SPSS and presented in frequency tables and correlation analysis. Results: the results describe that the majority feel relationship-based leadership and occupational health in teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is made clear that most people feel that relationship-based leadership has not changed during teleworking in the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a significant relationship between relationship-based leadership and occupational health. Conclusion: the conclusion is that there is a moderate positive significant relationship between relationship-based leadership and occupational health. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, occupational health, public health, relationship-based leadership, teleworking.

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Lillbacka, Frida. "Coronapandemins frammars : En kvalitativ studie om Covid- 19 pandemins effekter på arbetsliv och hälsa". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54958.

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Arbetsmiljö och arbetsförhållanden utgör centrala bestämningsfaktorer för individers hälsa och välbefinnande, både inom arbetslivet och utanför. Medarbetarnas hälsa, välbefinnande och arbetsprestation påverkas vidare av såväl kontextuella faktorer och arbetsförhållanden som av ledarskapet ledarskapsstil. Covid-19 pandemin som yttre påverkansfaktor har påskyndat den digitala samhällsutvecklingen vilket lett till förändrade arbetsstrukturer och arbetsvillkor, som medfört ökade möjligheter till ett flexibelt arbetsliv för individen men även ökade arbetsrelaterade krav och arbetsmiljörisker. En studie som belyser hur strukturer och förhållanden för ledarskap på arbetsplatser har påverkats och förändrats kan därav ses som relevant ur ett folkhälsovetenskapligt perspektiv. Syfte med denna studie var att undersöka hur chefer upplever att Covid-19 pandemin inverkar på deras verksamheters arbetsmiljö. Studien empiriska data samlades in genom sex kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer vars verksamhet till följd av Covid-19 pandemin ställt om till arbete på distans. Studiens informanter rekryterades genom ett målstyrt bekvämlighetsurval. Data transkriberades ordagrant, analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och svaren kategoriserades i 5 underkategorier och två huvudkategorier. Resultatet påvisar att Covid-19 pandemin kan ha haft en påskyndande effekt på arbetslivets digitala utveckling vilket lett till en ökad användning av IT- baserade digitala verktyg. Vidare tydliggörs att Covid-19 pandemin inverkan på verksamheters arbetsstrukturer och arbetsmiljö vilket påverkat såväl chefernas som medarbetarnas förutsättningar för hälsa och välbefinnande. Tydlig och regelbunden kommunikation chefer och medarbetare emellan samt ökad delaktighet i beslutandeprocesser kan av studiens resultat härledas till friskfaktorer som reducerar det digitala distansarbetets uppkomna risker.
Working environment and working conditions are found among the layers in the rainbow with the determinants of health. Work-related factors have been shown to be central influencing factors on individuals' health and well-being, both within working life and beyond. Employees' health, well-being and work performance are further affected by contextual factors and working conditions as well as by leadership style. Covid-19 pandemic as an external influencing factor has accelerated the digital development of society, bringing changed work structures and working conditions, which has increased opportunities for a flexible working life for the individual but also increased work-related demands and work environment risks. A study that sheds light on how structures and conditions for leadership in workplaces have been affected and changed can therefore be seen as relevant from a public health science perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate how managers feel that the Covid-19 pandemic affects the working environment of their operations. The empirical data study was collected through six qualitative semi-structured interviews with managers whose activities because of the Covid-19 pandemic shifted to remote work. The study's informants were recruited through a goal-oriented convenience sample. Data were transcribed verbatim, analyzed by a qualitative content analysis and the responses were categorized into 5 subcategories and two main categories. The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic may have an accelerating effect on the digital development of working life, which led to an increased use of IT-based digital tools. It is further clarified that the Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on companies' work structures and work environment, which has affected both managers' and employees' conditions for health and well-being. Clear and regular communication between managers and employees as well as increased participation in decision-making processes can be derived from the results of the study to health factors that reduce the risks of distance working.

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Sandell, Moa. "Den saken är klar, vad som än sker så kommer samhället aldrig vara sig likt efter det här : Människors erfarenheter av coronapandemin". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448479.

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Bakgrund: Tidigare pandemier har haft negativa konsekvenser för både människan och samhället. Pandemihanteringen behöver anpassas till den lokala kontexten och åtgärderna kräver förändringar av människornas beteenden. För att dessa ska kunna implementeras på ett fördelaktigt sätt krävs det information om människors upplevelser och uppfattningar i en pandemikontext. Syfte: Att studera erfarenheter gällande coronapandemin och dess konsekvenser hos människor som lever i en ö-värld. Metod: Studiens deltagare (n=21) rekryterades från Ålands Covidkohort (ÅCK). Datainsamlingen skedde genom fyra fokusgruppintervjuer och dessa analyserades med hjälp av systematisk textkondensering. Resultat: Tre kategorier identifierades genom analysen. Den första kategorin handlar om både positiva och negativa förändringar gällande arbete, studier, vardag och det sociala livet. I den andra kategorin tar deltagarna upp oron för både framtiden och anhöriga, samt den psykiska påverkan som pandemin har lett till. Den sista kategorin handlar om erfarenheter kring pandemihanteringen, förvirring och frustration kopplat till denna, tilliten till myndigheter samt en gemensam strävan att stoppa pandemin. Slutsats: Ålands egenskap av ö-värld har påverkat människornas erfarenheter av pandemin. Ön är positionerad mellan två länder och pandemin har påverkat förhållandet till dessa.Litenheten har bidragit till ett socialt tryck och en ansvarskänsla. Det är viktigt att ta hänsyn till den lokala kontexten samt vilken fas pandemin befinner sig i vid framtida studier.
Background: Previous pandemics have had negative effects on both people and society. Pandemic management needs to be adapted to the local context and the measures require a behavioral change. To implement these measures in a beneficial way, information about people's experiences and perceptions in a pandemic context are required. Aim: To study experiences regarding the corona pandemic and its consequences on people living on an island. Method: The study was conducted on Åland and participants (n = 21) were recruited from Åland's Covid cohort (ÅCK). Data were collected through four focus groups interviews, and these were analyzed using systematic text condensation. Results: Three categories were identified through the analysis. The first category deals with both positive and negative changes regarding occupation, everyday life and social life. In the second category, the participants address their worry, both for the future and their relatives, as well as the psychological impact due to the pandemic. The last category deals with experiences of pandemic management, the confusion and frustration associated with it, trust in authorities and a joint effort to stop the pandemic. Conclusion: The fact that Åland is an island has affected people's experiences of the pandemic. The island is situated between two countries its relationship to these has been affected due to the pandemic. The littleness has contributed to social pressure and a sense of responsibility. It is important to consider the local context and the phase of the pandemic when conducting future studies.

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Ryttare, Julia. "Hur elevhälsoarbetet påverkats av distansundervisningen under covid-19-pandemin : En kvalitativ studie om skolsköterskors och skolkuratorers upplevelser i gymnasieskolan". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för folkhälso- och idrottssvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-37066.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur elevhälsoarbetet fungerat vid kommunala gymnasieskolor under covid-19 pandemin. Metoden var kvalitativ och bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet innefattade totalt fyra personer, varav två var skolsköterskor och två var skolkuratorer. Samtliga var anställda vid kommunala gymnasieskolor i en mellansvensk kommun. Data från intervjuerna analyserades genom konventionell innehållsanalys. Resultatet av analysen ledde till de fyra huvudkategorierna Flexibelt arbete, Kontakt och tillgänglighet, Elevhälsans insats och Hur arbetet fungerade. Huvudresultatet visade att elevhälsoarbetet krävde mer planering och i lägre grad innefattade elevkontakt. Att tillgodose elevers behov var en större utmaning än normalt och somliga insatser inte kunde genomföras. Det fanns både positiva och negativa aspekter i arbetet under perioden, men det fungerade bättre än förväntat. Resultatet visade även att det var svårare att upptäcka elever som mådde dåligt, att elevhälsans tillgänglighet kunde uppfattas olika av olika elever samt att distansundervisningen uppfattades ha en betydande negativ påverkan på majoriteten eleverna. Studiens slutsats var att det finns brister i elevhälsoarbetet under distans-undervisning även om det fungerade bättre än förväntat. Hindren som uppstått kan ha lett till att elever inte kontaktat elevhälsan och att hjälpen varit mindre effektiv än normalt. Eftersom skolan är en viktig arena för folkhälso- och hållbarhetsarbete behöver ämnet studeras vidare för att utveckla ett bättre fungerade digitalt elevhälsoarbete.
The purpose of this study was to investigate school nurses’ and school counselors’ experiences of the impact of distance education on student health service during the covid-19 pandemic. The method had a qualitative approach and consisted of semi-structured interviews. The sample included a total of four people, two of whom were school nurses and two were school curators. All were employed at municipal upper secondary schools in a central Swedish municipality. The data from the interviews was analyzed through conventional content analysis. The results showed that that the student health work required more planning and to a lesser extent included student contact, meeting students’ needs was a bigger challenge than usual, and some efforts could not be implemented. The informants experience was, however, that it worked out better than expected. In conclusion, the result showed that there are shortcomings in how student health services function during distance education even if it worked out better than expected. As school is an important arena for public health and sustainability work, further research on the subject is required to develop the functionality of digital student health work.

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Määttä, Brobacke Hevi. "Självskattad stress under Covid-19 pandemin : En kvantitativ studie om stress, socialt stöd, samt gränssättning mellan arbete och fritid hos distansarbetande kommunanställa". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54078.

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