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Batakou, Mahuwetin Sylvie. "Le risque environnemental et l'assurance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE3002.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironmental risk is defined as the damage to the environment caused by the activities of companies that give rise to their responsibilities, which are the source of ecological damage or ecological harm and oblige them to take measures to repair or even prevent it. The enshrinement by liability law for so-called pure ecological prejudice, i.e. those caused to the environment itself, has obliged insurers to structure themselves and offer adequate guarantees. Beyond environmental liability as provided for in the Environmental Code, henceforth, on the basis of Articles 1246 et seq. of the Civil Code, any person, and consequently any company, and not only those whose activity constitutes a risk for the environment, must repair the damage caused and put in place, if necessary, measures to prevent such damages. These costs, which are borne by him and are likely to affect his financial survival, cannot be assumed without recourse to insurance. This one can then be used to cover and pay for pure ecological damages. Insurance plays an essential downstream role, but also an upstream role by enabling and promoting the prevention of environmental risk. In this way, environmental risk insurance is fully in line with the current sustainable development approach. However, while traditional insurance is the technique best suited to effectively repairing damage caused to the environment, it alone cannot cover environmental risk. There are substantial, temporal and financial limitations in environmental insurance contracts, requiring consideration of the implementation of a multifaceted compensation system. As a result, the complementary intervention of other compensation mechanisms, particularly a compensation fund, is indispensable. At the end of our study, the crucial role of the insurer in repairing environmental damages is highlighted. However, it must be included in a broader and rethought compensation mechanism, consisting of the establishment of an insurance obligation on the one hand and a special compensation fund on the other
Selmi, Farhat. "Options, couverture et optimisation quartique des risques extrêmes". Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020020.
Pełny tekst źródłaKengne, Gabriel. "Le contrat d'assurance-credit pour la couverture des risques d'exportation". Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05D014.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrench exporters are often obliged to deliver goods abroad or execute the services they were contracted for without receiving full payment. By doing so, they grant the buyer with a credit. These exporters, concerned about protecting their sales, appeal inescapably to several legal techniques -among them the credit-insurance contract- to reinforce the solvency of the foreign debitor or to protect themselves against the non-payment of the debt. Our study will show that the credit-insurance contract for exports, considered as an engagement with en insurer in return of paying a bonus, to compensate the garantors, in the case of nonpayment of the debts by a determined foreign buyer, in a situation of bankrupt or lack of payment, represents an efficient technique to protect the credit to exports, against the failure to pay by the foreign debitor. The efficiency of this protecting technique depends upon the strict observation of the rules that control it, raising from common law and specific measures. This specificity is recognised by certain european directives that impose prudential rules to credit insurers and contribute at the same time to the efficient protection of the contract subscribers of the credit-insurance contract to exports
Crescenzo-d'Auriac, Marie-Béatrix. "La couverture des risques catastrophiques en assurance terrestre de choses". Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020001.
Pełny tekst źródłaDamages resulting from disasters either natural or human (political or technological) used to be insufficiently taken into account. Consequently, the public powers, in the eighties, prompted the insurers to enlarge the insurance field : they were, thus, entrusted, on behalf of national solidarity with the compensation for some definite public calamities (natural disasters and terrorism)
Crescenzo-d'Auriac, Marie-Béatrix. "La Couverture des risques catastrophiques en assurance terrestre de choses". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613185s.
Pełny tekst źródłaJantchou, Mbakop Prévost. "Facteurs de risques environnementaux et maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales". Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaDong, Siwei. "Réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate en anesthésie : épidémiologie et risques environnementaux". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0171/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaImmediate hypersensitivity reactions occurring during anesthesia remains a major concern for anesthesiologists. The drugs most frequently responsible for anaphylaxis are neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). The purpose of this study is to determine the current epidemiology and to identify environmental factors that may explain the high frequency of allergic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents that can occur without any prior exposure. In the first part of the thesis, a national survey describing the epidemiology of anaphylaxis during anesthesia between 2005 and 2007 in France was carried out. The value of testing specific IgE against NMBA was confirmed.The occurrence of immediate allergic hypersensitivity reaction when first exposure to an NMBA during induction led to evoke the existence of cross-sensitization with substances present in environment and having a quaternary ammonium compound. Different hypotheses have been proposed including exposure to cosmetics and / or disinfectants, exposure to antigens encountered in phosphorylcholine yeasts, or parasites, or exposure to a derivative opiate, pholcodine. In the second part of the thesis, two occupational populations, hairdressers apprentice exposed to chemical agents containing ammonium ions, baker and pastry maker exposed to allergens yeast and parasites were compared with the general population to search for differences regarding the prevalence of specific IgE antibody against NMBA. At the end of this work, hairdressers exposed to cosmetics agents appears to be a risk factor for developing specific IgE antibodies against NMBA and we demonstrated for the first time the hypothesis of the ross-sensitization between repeated exposures to cosmetics products containing quaternary ammonium and NMBAs
Coste-Villena, Isabelle. "Risques environnementaux parasitaires d'origine hydrique et incidence de Toxoplasma Gondii". Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMM201.
Pełny tekst źródłaFofana, Lazeni. "Modélisation, prévision et couverture du risque de contagion financière". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD028.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis Ph.D thesis focuses on modeling, forecasting and hedging financial contagion. After an overview of the theoretical foundations and spread mechanism relating to financial contagion, we introduce modeling based on nonlinear cointegration and non-linear causality models in which the variables and the error term in the correction model error obey at the dynamics of autoregressive regime change process of type TAR and M-TAR to catch the contagion effect. An extension of this model to conditional probabilistic forecasting framework was done through Bayesian belief networks, to enhance the predictive power. Then we show how a financial institution can hedge its portfolio against this risk by new specifications. Therefore, we offer a purely static hedging strategy in a regulatory perspective using generative models Vines-copula, a semi-static hedging strategy based on risk budgeting and dynamic hedging strategy based on mutually exciting jumps diffusion process. These new models are tested empirically on set of market indices
Zawali, Naima. "La couverture des risques extremes de catastrophes naturelles : analyse théorique et empirique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to better understand the determinants of natural catastrophe insurance systems in the world, as well as of individual behavior towards these risks. We also compare the efficiency of different public intervention forms in catastrophe risk management. Our data come from international organizations, research centers and one controlled experiment. From the typology of countries in terms of flood insurance that we elaborate it appears that the publicly provided flood insurance system is globally dominant and mainly applied in low-income countries with high risk exposure. Mixed public / private system are mainly applied in rich countries with low risk exposure. Concerning insurance demand, the willingness to pay for insurance is significantly lower for catastrophe risks than for other, standard risks, regardless of probability and amount of loss. Comparing different public intervention systems, we show that the most efficient measure is insurance premium subsidy but its costs can be very high for individual whose risk perception is biased
Gonçalves-Gojosso, Christine. "Les risques environnementaux dans l'entreprise sous les aspects pénaux et assurantiels". Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT3011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe parallel between insurance and criminal law can appear surprising the disciplines so much seem opposite. However, the study of these matters in the context of the environmental constraints imposed on the companies highlights of many common points. Guided by the same philosophy, the disciplines use of the same means to arrive at the same ends among which prevention. In the case of supervening of an environmental damage, they are complementary. They thus allow the company, author potential of a damage, to make the environmental risk controllable. For as much, they do not manage to neutralize any risk, is because of an insufficiency or imperfection which is their own, is because of an external pressures related to the risks themselves. In fact then, the victims suffer from it
Gabrielle, Benoit. "L'évaluation environnementale des agrosystèmes: une approche intégrée pour gérer les risques agri-environnementaux". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011435.
Pełny tekst źródłaMes recherches s'inscrivent dans cette problématique, et sont centrées sur l'évaluation des systèmes de grandes cultures, avec une approche intégrée sous forme de bilan environnemental. Le bilan prend en compte de façon simultanée les impacts des pratiques culturales sur les milieux sol, eau, et atmosphère, pour un niveau de production donné, permettant ainsi de minimiser les transferts de pollution entre compartiments. Les impacts envisagés concernent les éléments carbone et azote, ainsi que les pesticides, à la fois pour les échanges gazeux, la rétention dans les sols et le rejet vers les eaux souterraines. La quantification des pertes environnementales repose sur une modélisation des cycles bio-géochimiques dans les systèmes sol-plante.
Le développement de modèles intégrés de simulation des processus d'émission de polluants, avec un accent particulier sur les échanges gazeux, a constitué la majeure partie de mon activité, et dans ses différentes facettes: intégration de processus, test sur jeux de données expérimentales, extrapolation dans le temps et dans l'espace, et enfin application au diagnostic environnemental dans des contextes finalisés. Ces derniers ont impliqué des domaines comme les bio-énergies, le recyclage de déchets urbains en agriculture, ou l'introduction de cultures tolérantes aux herbicides à large spectre.
La conclusion de ces analyses est que les marges de manoeuvre sont: i/ relativement faibles si l'on raisonne les pratiques de façon incrémentale dans le paradigme actuel, relativement intensif, ou ii/ intéressantes mais uniquement sur certains enjeux (eg, effet de serre pour bio-énergie), les autres enjeux étant plus difficiles à quantifier car tributaires des contextes locaux. Mes recherches futures vont donc porter sur une approche plus systémique des productions ou fonctions évaluées, intégrant des disciplines comme la micro-économie ou l'agronomie, et se déroulant dans un territoire décrit de façon explicite.
Aragon, Jean-Claude. "La place de la protection sociale complémentaire dans la couverture des risques vieillesse et maladie". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10014.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhereas the Social Security is facing recurring financial difficulties and the quality of its benefits is affected by several reforms, the spread of supplementary social protection schemes is reaching new levels. The latter constitute a complex set of institutions and operators, combining collective and individualized forms of solidarity. The framework of this evolution has historically been structured around notions of « employees’ supplementary collective guaranties », their minimal level and management. To domestic law has been added EU law’s influence through regulatory intervention in matters relating to competition, classification schemes, solvency of operators, equal treatment or free movement of workers. This research focuses on supplementary protection for the two risks that are by far the heaviest financially speaking : old-age pensions and health insurance. The singular organization of their different levels of complementary protection, composed of mandatory and optional schemes, is continually being called on by several issues. These include administration costs, access to entitlements, portability and readability for both insured and companies, as well as the high number of actors involved in the functioning of the system. Successive parametric reforms have enabled the adaption of the system to its moving environment with acceptable results and compatibility with the principle of solidarity, encouraging to pursue on this path. The complexity, weak readability and financial sustainability oft he system however tip the scale in favor of an re-organization of its structure. Should successive and some what isolated reforms of a complex system be pursued at the expense of ever-higher political costs ? Conversely, should we substitute « systemic » reforms to a logic of successive « parametric » ones ? Would it respond to growing financing needs ? Answers to these questions will shorty be provided by the government, expected to address the issue in 2019
Mefteh, Salma. "Les expositions aux risques financiers et les déterminants de la couverture : le cas des entreprises françaises". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090039.
Pełny tekst źródłaTwo main classes of theories explain why risk management activities are undertaken by firms. The first one relies on the risk aversion of corporate insiders and states that managerial agency costs may influence the corporate hedging decision. The second one is based on shareholders value maximization and states that hedging can enhance the firm value by reducing various costs implied by highly volatile cash flows. In this study, we examine derivatives holdings by French firms to identify which of the proposed incentives and imperfections lead to corporate hedging. We also explore the effect of hedging on the extent of asymmetric information faced by the firm. We investigate whether the derivatives use determine analysts' earnings forecasts errors. A part of our research investigates the foreign exchange exposure of French exporting firms before and after the introduction of the euro. The determinants of the estimated exposure are finally examined
Lasmoles, Olivier. "La gestion des risques maritimes environnementaux : contribution au renforcement de la protection de l'environnement marin". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010261/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe impact of the maritime catastrophes of recent years such as Erika, Prestige, and Deepwater Horizon, has confirmed the concerns regarding marine pollution, both with the general public and political decision-makers. Has no lesson been learned from these events? Calls for greater awareness for environmental protection have had little impact on the practices of transporters and shipowners. Violations of the marine environment must be halted as soon as possible, using suitable and effective methods. Maritime law, which relates to navigation by sea, is no longer able to protect the environment because it is based on principles of civil responsibility. Changes in obligations suggest that this should be replaced by principles derived from common law on the environment, based on criminal responsibility. In the first part, the identification of maritime risks, both old and contemporary, demonstrates that in spite of some developments in technology and an increase in its complexity, it remains fundamentally identical, with the backdrop of the sailor, the navigator, acting within the framework of an organization. In the second part, the analysis of the treatment of technical risks demonstrates, firstly, the capacity of maritime law to reform, taking the lead from good practice derived from the offshore industry. Secondly, the analysis of legal risks confirms that maritime law, in spite of its imperfections, has the resources to reform and respond to contemporary expectations in environmental matters
Louzon, Maxime. "Développement d’indicateurs chimiques et biologiques pour l’évaluation des risques environnementaux des sites et sols contaminés". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD040.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of the sustainable management of polluted sites and soils, the overall objective of this thesis was to improve environmental (ERA) and human health (HHRA) risk assessments.Threshold guide values (TGV) were determined ex situ in the land snail for metal(loid)s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) as well as global indicators, such as ex situ indices of sum of excess transfer (GSET) and ecotoxicological risk (GERITOXE). These indicators were applied to 68 various contaminated soils and showed that it is not necessarily the most contaminated soils that present the highest risk. In addition, it was highlighted that excess metal(loid) transfers to snail are, unlike non-anomalous transfers from the soil geochemical background, more influenced by the total concentration than by the physico-chemical properties of the soils. Beyond these influences, the question also arose of the influence of site specificities on the bioavailability of contaminants to the snail. This was investigated in an inter-laboratory test leading to the standardization of the in situ and ex situ approaches (ISO 24032). It was evidenced that transfers are generally higher ex situ than in situ, except for few metals (e.g., Cd and Mo). This enable to discern the respective interests of in situ and ex situ ERA methods and the answers obtained according to scientific questions and management perspectives. The relationships between bioavailable concentrations and specific ecotoxicological effects for the snail were studied at different levels of organization (life history traits and genomic stability) to refine the interpretation of the global indicators developed. The relevance of the coupling of the micronucleus assay with the random amplification technique of polymorphic DNA for the assessment of genotoxicity in hemocytes was demonstrated. The study of telomere dynamics in the land snail has been developed and has revealed novel patterns. A strong telomere attrition during growth from the juvenile to the sub-adult stage was characterized, followed by a maintenance of telomere length during adult life. Although genotoxic damage has been identified and associated with health alterations to snails exposed to metal- and PAH-contaminated soils, their telomeres are not shortened in hemocytes. In the context of the applicability of the One health initiative to the management of polluted sites and soils considering both human and environmental health, the study of exposures with the relationships between bioaccessibility to humans and bioavailability to the snails of As, Cd and Pb in contaminated soils revealed strong convergences. Concerning the links between risk levels, it was shown that soils identified as "at risk" for human health could present a low or even absence of transfer of contaminants to snails and therefore an absence of environmental risk, offering alternative management perspectives.In conclusion, the results obtained pave the way towards the research of fundamental relationships between environmental and toxicological bioavailability at different levels of biological organization and the identification of the respective interests of field and laboratory approaches in risk assessments in relation to management issues. Approaches to combine environmental and health assessment methodologies are proposed in the aim to better manage environmental pollutions. Finally, the indicators developed within the framework of this thesis strengthen the positioning of targeted chemical and biological characterization tools at the site scale
Denieul, Myriam. "Procéduralisation de la décision publique face aux risques sanitaires et environnementaux posés par les produits". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB033.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the past few years, procedures have multiplied for structuring and framing the decision-making process of public entities when they are confronted with environmental and health-related risks caused by products. This trend first emerged in the US, and then spread over in the EU and in France. The patchy and disorganised development of such procedures yet begs the question of a common procedural framework for public decision-making when dealing with risks, and of its associated consequences. In this view, two main categories of procedures can be distinguished. The first one applies to the scientific assessment of risks, and its consequences for the final decision. Those procedures have been stirred by external drivers, namely successive health and environmental crisis, the ever-growing necessity to cope with situations characterised by scientific uncertainty, or by influences at the supranational level. The second category covers procedures aiming at assessing the impacts of the contemplated decision, and at ensuring participation from the public. The development of this second category results more of a deliberate choice than a constraint, and the respective weight of such procedures within the decision-making process is also more limited. This so-called 'proceduralisation' facilitates the judicial review of risks-related decisions, and requires a more pragmatic approach when examining procedural irregularities. This research aims to highlight key general principles that public decision-makers may use when confronted to identified or suspected risks
Russo, Chantal. "De l'assurance de responsabilité à l'assurance directe : contribution à l'étude d'une mutation de la couverture des risques". Nice, 1999. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D48.
Pełny tekst źródłaGlatron, Sandrine. "Représentations cognitives et spatiales des risques et des nuisances pour les citadins". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565920.
Pełny tekst źródłaMavoungou, Jean Kernaïse. "ATechniques d'évaluations et déterminants de l'efficacité de couverture contre les risques de taux par les contrats financiers à terme". Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA122008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe diversity of hedging models reveals the complexity of the hedging phenomenon and his applications in finance, by considering it within the overall framework. Our study deals with the question relating to hedging when hedge instrument and the deliverable instrument are not matched, by determinating dynamics rollover hedge-ratio which estimate the optimal moment for rolling a hedge in latest contract expires and move it as soon as a next contract becomes available or liquid. We also address the phenomenon of market microstructure (liquidity bid-ask spreads, transactions costs) equilibrium with endogenezing prices in studying the effects of delivery basis on equilibrium spot-prices with crucial implications for market efficient tests. Using this model, we want to explicit hedgers and speculators behaviour in financial market and to derive the equilibrium assets prices and futures portfolios holding, sufficient and necessary conditions are derived under which, investors hold mean-variance efficient portfolios. The methodologie proposed here constitutes a fondation in the economie of decisions making under uncertainty. We have
Titova, Yulia. "Risques du secteur bancaire européen : l'interdépendance, le rôle des produits dérivés de couverture et de trading et la régulation". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe financial crisis started in 2007 has raised a number of issues including systemic risk and its regulation, and the role of derivatives in the banking sector. The thesis discusses these questions in the light of the European banking sector. ln particular, we show that the interdependence of the individual risks measured by copula functions increased significantly at the onset of the crisis that resulted in a spectacular upsurge in VaR (Value-at-Risk) of the European banking sector. We have also established that starting from 2003 the risk dependence pattern has been symmetric, that is characterized by equal probabilities of simultaneous increases and decreases of banking risk returns. ln accordance with regulation of global systemically important banks adopted in 20 Il, banks which play a significant role in the stability of the financial system should face capital surcharges. By applying game theoretical approach, we find that the side effect of such measures would be an increase in market interest rates and a decrease in loan supply. Besides regulation of systemic risk, derivatives are a matter of concern. The thesis aims at finding empirical evidence for these arguments. Contrary to the majority of previous studies that do not document the relevance of derivatives for banking efficiency, we find a positive impact of both hedging and trading derivatives on efficiency. The scale of operations with derivatives measured by notion al amounts does not increase the volatility of return in the banking sector. However, the credit risk of derivatives, especially in the case of trading contracts, proxied by positive fair values contributes to higher volatility
Tsiba, Jean-Kevin Aimé. "L'exploitation minière dans la région du Haut-Ogooué (Gabon) : contribution à l'étude des impacts environnementaux". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0361.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation is about the consequences of manganese and uranium mining on the environment in Gabon, especially in the Haut-Ogooué province. The extraction of manganese in Moanda, conducted by the Comilog company (a subsidiary of the French ERAMET), has both radically altered the landscape and caused chemical pollution in the local ecosystems. The extraction of uranium, formerly conducted by Comuf (a subsidiary of Areva, then known as COGEMA) has caused severe environmental damage, both in terms of abnormally high radioactivity and landscape alteration. In both cases, the confrontation of nature and society has seen an ever increasingly rapid transformation of nature due to the growth of human activity. Such manmade hazards have potentially fatal consequences. The environmental crisis created by the two mining projects has caused anger in the local population and the civil society at large, with people blaming the government and the companies concerned for not handling the hazards in the area responsibly enough or soon enough. This dissertation suggests several avenues to improve the local quality of life in Moanda (manganese mining) and Mounana (uranium mining) in the perspective of sustainable development. Those suggestions include the creation of public structures such as the “mine police” and of analysis laboratories in charge of environmental data
Ben, Khediri Karim. "L'utilisation des instruments financiers dérivés pour la gestion des risques de l'entreprise". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN0652.
Pełny tekst źródłaNoël, Guillaume. "Indexation dans les bases de données capteurs temps réel : application à la surveillance de phénomènes environnementaux et de risques naturels". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0091/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis's aim is to provide the specialists in environmental phenomenon monitoring systems with a method for structuring, querying and fast accessing to spatio-temporal data in real time using various criteria, in particular spatial and temporal ones. More precisely, we focus on the indexing of an « in memory » database for masses of spatio-temporally referenced data with time constraints for the index updating and queries. The measurements collected by a sensor network must be indexed according to the source sensor and the date of measurement. Moreover, the most recent data are usually considered as more interesting, a specificity that is usually not featured in existing indexing systems. Three indexing solutions are proposed. They differ from the existing solutions by storing the data from sensors in dedicated substructures. “Access substructures” are used to link a query to a set of sensors. The first proposal, the PoTree, aims at « in-memory » indexing of spatio-temporal data issued from a network of fixed real time sensors. The second, the PasTree, aims at « in-memory » indexing of spatiotemporal data issued from a network of agile real time sensors, i. E. Of which the sensors have a restricted mobility. It allows for a multi-criterion access to the data, using spatial references or sensor identifiers. The last proposal, the Spatio-temporal Heat (StH) aims at « in-memory » indexing of spatio-temporal data issued from a network of agile real time sensors. The main innovation of this structure is the integration of a database saturation management by offering a mechanism allowing a progressive transfer of the data towards a warehouse
Tamtam, Fatima. "Sources et devenir des antibiotiques dans le bassin versant de la seine : première approche pour une évaluation des risques environnementaux". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066521.
Pełny tekst źródłaVallette, Chloé. "L'environnement s'invite en ville : l'action collective face aux risques environnementaux dans la Grande Aire Métropolitaine de San José (Costa Rica)". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1695.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Quebrada Seca River opens a desolate breach in the Great Metropolitan Area (GAM) of San José, Costa Rica’s capital. This small river, corseted between buildings, shows its grey rocks and brown dirt to neighbouring houses’ windowless walls. Clues of abandonment are everywhere. Yet, several collectives gathering inhabitants, technicians and scientists, take action in order to reduce environmental risks linked to Quebrada Seca (flooding, erosion, pollution). In formulating the tangible problems they are affected by in terms of environmental risks (Mormont, 2009), these collectives strongly criticize the urban socio-political organization. They question the accuracy of administrative territories and of communal identities. They propose specific types of territorial organization, and original collective commitment forms. Our thesis is that dealing with environmental risks allow these city dwellers to create a particular kind of urbanity (Capron and Monnet, 2000), a way of living together, that go beyond urban planning’s strict projections
Vanuls, Caroline. "Travail et environnement : regards sur une dynamique préventive et normative à la lumière de l'interdépendance des risques professionnels et environnementaux". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1048.
Pełny tekst źródłaCette étude s’inscrit autour du rapport travail/environnement à la lumière de l’interdépendance des risques. L’histoire des catastrophes industrielles montre qu’il n’existe pas de frontière entre les risques professionnels et environnementaux. Dans ce contexte, prend naissance la notion de risque mixte. Dans une société où les dangers se multiplient avec les progrès technologiques, a émergé une politique d’anticipation des risques. Les entreprises prennent conscience d’un rôle à jouer dans cette politique en tant qu’entités génératrices de risques industriels. Elles développent des démarches socialement responsables, connues sous le nom de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise, destinées à concilier les intérêts économiques avec les droits fondamentaux de l’environnement et les droits fondamentaux des travailleurs. Reposant sur les piliers du développement durable, le caractère transversal de la RSE résonne avec la mixité des risques et apporte une réponse de nature globale. Dans le prolongement de cette nouvelle responsabilisation, les droits du travail et de l’environnement renforcent les obligations de sécurité de l’employeur et de l’exploitant. Sous le prisme de la prévention, les deux ensembles juridiques se rejoignent dans une démarche commune d’anticipation. Le droit du travail se saisit du risque environnemental et s’emploie à le maîtriser. Le droit de l’environnement est mis au service de la protection des travailleurs qui semblerait réceptive à la précaution en milieu professionnel. La convergence de l’esprit de protection animant ces deux droits ne conduirait-elle pas à l’émergence d’un droit commun à l’environnement et au travail : un droit du risque
Noël, Guillaume Laurini Robert. "Indexation dans les bases de données capteurs temps réel application à la surveillance de phénomènes environnementaux et de risques naturels /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=noel.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarrault, Julia. "Les pratiques de jardinage face aux risques environnementaux et sanitaires des pesticides. Les approches différenciées de la France et du Québec". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859540.
Pełny tekst źródłaBourrelly, Stéphane. "Modélisation et identification de facteurs environnementaux géographiques liés à des risques morbides : Application aux séquelles développées après le traitement d'une leucémie : Cohorte LEA". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2026/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is an interdisciplinary approach combining Geography, Epidemiology and Statistics. It is a methodological thesis applying to a public health issue. The concept consist in developing a dialectical adapted to the geographic health and proposing or transposing probabilistic methods, geostatistical and datamining instruments, to model and to identify geographic environmental factors related to morbid risks. In this research the environment is considered in its integrity. It is described by spatiotemporal indicators: physicochemical, health and socioeconomic. The geographical environment of the individual and medical characteristics of targeted populations is also taken into account. Heuristic proposals aim to identify environmental health determinants, or contributing risk factors. The methods have been implemented or adapted to the issue. They are applicable and reproducible in all diseases studied in Geographic Health. In order, to illustrate these proposals, they are applied to squeals observed following the treatment of childhood leukemia - Cohort LEA. In developed countries, access to effective treatments leads to an increase of squeals incidence. Those have an impact on the quality of life. Therefore, post-cancer and children's health have positioned themselves at the core of social concerns in Europe and in France. Beyond the scientific goals, contributions in public health are expected. The idea is to provide operational space indicators to politicians in order to help them to take collective health measures. And for health professionals to be able to offer individual medical solutions, devoted to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors of the populations due to their geographical location. In consequence, to improve access to a good environmental health
DELETRAZ, Gaelle. "Géographie des risques environnementaux liés aux transports routiers en montagne. Incidences des emissions d'oxydes d'azote en vallées d'Aspe et de Biriatou (Pyrénées)". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003245.
Pełny tekst źródłaRuel, Martine. "Une approche de gestion des risques environnementaux le cas de la zone d'influence et de coopération du Parc National Kouchibouguac, Nouveau-Brunswick". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0018/MQ46792.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeletraz, Gaëlle. "Géographie des risques environnementaux liés aux transports routiers en montagne : incidences des émissions d'oxydes d'azote en vallées d'Aspe et de Biriatou (Pyrénées)". Pau, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003245.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis evaluates the impact of road pollution on mountain ecosystems (acidification and eutrophisation) and shows that geographic approach is complementary to that of the chemists or biologists. Two valleys have been chosen for field studies : Biriatou and the Aspe valley (Somport). Road atmospheric pollution studies raise many methodological difficulties. To study the effects of this pollution, it must be first charted. We describe the model of spatial diffusion of pollution used. The method integrates topography. We have established a cartography of nitrogen deposits for the two studied sectors. Then, this thesis talks about impacts. The evaluation of the deposition is not sufficient to determine the risk. Each ecosystem has specific characteristics (buffer capacity of soil, type of vegetation). The critical loads differ according to the environmental conditions. The definition of the risks areas needs the comparison of the levels of pollution and environmental conditions
Ruel, Martine. "Une approche de gestion des risques environnementaux : le cas de la zone d'influence et de coopération du Parc National Kouchibouguac, Nouveau-Brunswick". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaYao, Kouadio Assemien François. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour une meilleure évaluation des impacts environnementaux de l'industrie extractive". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG001.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn increasing demand of mineral resources is associated with modern society development. In parallel, mining projects face strong oppositions both from public and from environment protection agencies, due to the potential impacts associated with ore extraction. In order to conciliate the needs of producing raw materials and of taking into account the preservation of the quality of the environment, it is necessary to assess the environmental impact previous to the start of the mining activities. The Environmental Impact Assessment procedure helps to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a project. Although Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is mandatory, the regulations do not impose any impact assessment method. Thus, EIA practitioners are free to use the method that suits them and their own expertise to estimate the environmental impacts of a project. The main purpose of this work is to propose a method to more effectively evaluate the environmental impacts of the mining industry. To achieve this, two approaches have been explored: the Mining Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology (MEIAM) developed in this thesis and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a standardized methodology. MEIAM is based on the risk analysis approach and makes it possible to evaluate the impacts taking into account the climatic and geological conditions and the initial state of the zone. LCA is a standardized technique that assesses the impacts produced on the site and those generated off-site but whose generating activities are related to the system studied. These methods were implemented on a gold mine in Côte d’Ivoire.MEIAM, taking into account the particular characteristics of the study area, showed high impact results for both surface water and groundwater pollution, mainly at the operation and post-closure stages. This study has also shown that pollution sources with high level impacts include tailings, soils previously contaminated by dust fallout and mining works. Regarding the LCA, which is in essence an overall method, it has made it possible to highlight quite significant off-site impacts. For on-site effects, the study showed that the impacts on human health are mainly due to metal emissions from operation activities (ore processing and tailings management as well as blasting). Finally, our work showed that all the impacts were better taken into account by a combination of MEIAM and LCA in the EIA procedures
LORTHOIS, PELISSIER CATHERINE. "Enquete cas-temoins : sur les facteurs de risques professionnels et environnementaux pouvant induire des syndromes myelodysplasiques dans la region nord-pas-de-calais". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M303.
Pełny tekst źródłaBourrelly, Stéphane. "Modélisation et identification de facteurs environnementaux géographiques liés à des risques morbides : Application aux séquelles développées après le traitement d'une leucémie : Cohorte LEA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is an interdisciplinary approach combining Geography, Epidemiology and Statistics. It is a methodological thesis applying to a public health issue. The concept consist in developing a dialectical adapted to the geographic health and proposing or transposing probabilistic methods, geostatistical and datamining instruments, to model and to identify geographic environmental factors related to morbid risks. In this research the environment is considered in its integrity. It is described by spatiotemporal indicators: physicochemical, health and socioeconomic. The geographical environment of the individual and medical characteristics of targeted populations is also taken into account. Heuristic proposals aim to identify environmental health determinants, or contributing risk factors. The methods have been implemented or adapted to the issue. They are applicable and reproducible in all diseases studied in Geographic Health. In order, to illustrate these proposals, they are applied to squeals observed following the treatment of childhood leukemia - Cohort LEA. In developed countries, access to effective treatments leads to an increase of squeals incidence. Those have an impact on the quality of life. Therefore, post-cancer and children's health have positioned themselves at the core of social concerns in Europe and in France. Beyond the scientific goals, contributions in public health are expected. The idea is to provide operational space indicators to politicians in order to help them to take collective health measures. And for health professionals to be able to offer individual medical solutions, devoted to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors of the populations due to their geographical location. In consequence, to improve access to a good environmental health
Yao, Kouadio Assemien François. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour une meilleure évaluation des impacts environnementaux de l'industrie extractive". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn increasing demand of mineral resources is associated with modern society development. In parallel, mining projects face strong oppositions both from public and from environment protection agencies, due to the potential impacts associated with ore extraction. In order to conciliate the needs of producing raw materials and of taking into account the preservation of the quality of the environment, it is necessary to assess the environmental impact previous to the start of the mining activities. The Environmental Impact Assessment procedure helps to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a project. Although Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is mandatory, the regulations do not impose any impact assessment method. Thus, EIA practitioners are free to use the method that suits them and their own expertise to estimate the environmental impacts of a project. The main purpose of this work is to propose a method to more effectively evaluate the environmental impacts of the mining industry. To achieve this, two approaches have been explored: the Mining Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology (MEIAM) developed in this thesis and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a standardized methodology. MEIAM is based on the risk analysis approach and makes it possible to evaluate the impacts taking into account the climatic and geological conditions and the initial state of the zone. LCA is a standardized technique that assesses the impacts produced on the site and those generated off-site but whose generating activities are related to the system studied. These methods were implemented on a gold mine in Côte d’Ivoire.MEIAM, taking into account the particular characteristics of the study area, showed high impact results for both surface water and groundwater pollution, mainly at the operation and post-closure stages. This study has also shown that pollution sources with high level impacts include tailings, soils previously contaminated by dust fallout and mining works. Regarding the LCA, which is in essence an overall method, it has made it possible to highlight quite significant off-site impacts. For on-site effects, the study showed that the impacts on human health are mainly due to metal emissions from operation activities (ore processing and tailings management as well as blasting). Finally, our work showed that all the impacts were better taken into account by a combination of MEIAM and LCA in the EIA procedures
Mézière, Patrick. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation des risques sanitaires et environnementaux des produits de construction : cas d'illustration avec deux usages du PVC dans le bâtiment". Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0121/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, in the field of building, there does not exist systematic and unified approach to assess environmental and sanitary risks of building products considered during their setting up, their use phase and their end-of-life. Therefore, we aim at suggesting a methodology allowing to assess this type of risks. The developed methodology applies to a building product considered in its "use scenario" (standard EN 12920). It is composed of five main parts : 1 – inventory of the assessment scenarios, 2 – description of the assessment scenarios, 3 – organisation into a hierarchy of each assessment scenario and identification of priority scenarios, 4 – characterisation of the assessment scenarios, 5 – synthesis of the assessment. We test its applicability using a PVC cladding and a PVC floor covering as examples. Specific tests elaborated to assess emission of pollutants from PVC building products in water and air show that, for PVC cladding, emissions phenomena in water are mainly controlled by the solubility of species contained in this cladding. Moreover, the role of the degradation phenomena of the material, in particular UV action, is very important. Risks linked to the exposition of cladding to rain are acceptable. For the original PVC floor covering, VOC quantities in air decrease rapidly and risks associated to this type of emission are juged acceptable. Nevertheless, physico-chemical ageing phenomena that can occur during its use were not considered. Applicability of the proposed methodology is globally demonstrated. Moreover, we discuss the limits and prospects of our work
Mézière, Patrick Moszkowicz Pierre. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation des risques sanitaires et environnementaux des produits de construction cas d'illustration avec deux usages du PVC dans le bâtiment /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=meziere.
Pełny tekst źródłaRobert, Elodie. "Les risques de pertes en terre et en eau dans le bassin versant de la Doubégué (Burkina Faso) : pour une version intégrée". Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01090397.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Doubégué catchment area (500 km2) belongs to the Bagré Lake catchment, wich is the main dam in Burkina-Faso. The agro-pastoral activies dominate in the region, which experienced profound modifications during the last thirty years : ranking from the physical sphere (climate change) to the human prevailing one (new populations, new activities, building of a dam, and a creation of a lake, exacerbation of the conflicts, agrarian and decentralization reforms). These changes had thus important repercussions on the physical and human environment, to the point that they modified the landscape of this region in Burkina Faso. This thesis attempts then to understand the processes which have been and are still currently running in this catchment area in the region Central-East, by leaning on relevant studies from both “hard” and social sciences. So, it draws up an inventory of the land use, the types of current erosion phenomena and of turbides presence in Doubégué catchment area. The turbidity is also an indicator of the risk for their health encountered by the populations. Meanwhile, this thesis has for objective to take into account and to know on one hand how the populations are aware of the current processes modifying the resources such as vegetation, lands and water, and on the other hand the solutions applied and wished by the population. Eventually, this thesis aims at the implementation of solution to reach an integrated Management in the Doubégué catchment area. These solutions have to be sustainable to protect the environmental and to help also the socioeconomic development of this region in the Bissa Country
Kröger, Edeltraut. "Facteurs de risque occupationnels et environnementaux de la démence : l'étude sur la santé et le vieillissement au Canada". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19995.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiedel, Marc. "Approche chronobiologique et chronopsychologique de la profession de sapeur-pompier : vers une chronoprévention des risques". Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of biological and psychological rhythms on the firefighters (FF) activity. The 1st part of our study was performed on FF’s interventions databases. 24-h pattern of lag time (LT), duration in min between a call and departure of service vehicle for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and 24 pattern of relative risk of work-related injuries (WRIRR) of FF (which takes into account the number of at-risk FF/unit time), were assessed on a 4y span.. This analysis revealed a 24-h variation in LTOHCA and in WRIRR, with both a nocturnal peak. The stability of the LTOHCA rhythm between years and seasons and its weak relationship with the OHCA 24-h pattern favored the hypothesis of an endogenous component or origin. Moreover, for the same FF population, LTOHCA and WRIRR patterns were positively correlated : the hypothesis of a common mechanism linking performance and accidents seemed to be validated. The 2cd part assessed the differences in τ, of 16 coexisting rhythms of 30 healthy FF of mostly comparable average age, body mass index, career duration, chronotype—morningness/eveningness. Data of the self-assessed 16 circadian rhythms were gathered continuously throughout two 8-d spans, in winter and in summer. The desynchronization ratio (DR: nb of variables with τ≠24.0h/nb of variables x100) served to ascertain coexistence of rather strong and weak circadian oscillators, fro which the gradient reflects interindividual differences in FF’s DR. These différences are consistent with the hypothesis of an inherited origin of a differential propensity to circadian desynchronization. It pointed also the fact that, although a nocturnal trough of WRIRR and LTOHCA was confirmed, the rhythms of performance were inexistants for most of the FF of our study, refuting the classical hypothesis of a standalone link between variations of performance and accidents. These results also put into perspective new possible explanations of black time. We propose the 24 h pattern of WRIRR, particularly of FFs and other highly skilled self-selected cohorts, is more strongly linked to circadian rhythms of fatigue and sleepiness than cognitive performance. Other possible explanations –suppressed expression of circadian rhythms and/or unmasking of ultradian periodicities in cognitive performance in specific circumstances, e.g., highly stressful work, competitive, or life-threatening settings, are also discussed. Furthermore, the whole study allows to consider new paths in chronoprevention of risks in the FF profession, based upon the study of biological, psychological and social rhythms. This study was supported by the Fire Departement of Saône et Loire (France), the French National Fund for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases of the French National Pension Fund for Administrative Division Officials, and was approoved by a regular ethics comittee
Maison, Dominique Antoine. "Information et prise de décision dans la gestion des risques sanitaires environnementaux : Les apports de l'intelligence économique et territoriale Exemples de l'Organisation Mondiale de la santé et de la Guyane française". Toulon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUL0011.
Pełny tekst źródłaWould it be short and magnetic waves, nanotechnologies or more traditionally fields like air or drinking water quality, environmental health topics has now gained a fully-fledged part in public debates. All through the development of civilisations, intuitions or descriptions have identified the effect of the human environment on health. Nevertheless, health and environment are more prone to be considered as distinct fields than as a single corpus. Sanitary aspects are often seen as a minor part of public health, a domain often considered mainly as the management of health care systems, with the physician as an emblematic figure. Now, the social demand has been increasing after that effect of environment on health has been heavily questioned such as for microwaves, soil or air contaminants. Necessity arises to define, implement and be accountable for public policies in that matter. This work deals with this approach seen under the information aspects: their nature, gathering, building and final use in the decision process. Specifically, we will assess the possible inputs of techniques and methods developed by economic and territorial intelligence. In a first part, we set the theoretical framework for environmental health: technical fields, problem formulating. This step conditions widely the handling of problems and thus public policies. Those policies in France do rely on actors and intervention tools the functions of which are presented through some significant examples. They show the limits of institutional and technical knowledge, finally set aside in many cases to make the final decision. Among the reasons are the lack of understanding for the technical features of environmental health, as well as the incapacity to work out the whole set of data needed to make a decision. Moreover, the shattering of public stakeholders falls sometimes into rivalry and bickering and reflects the lack of understanding of environmental health as a corpus, not as punctual stakes. The always heavier influence of international institutions on norms and regulations is neither anticipated nor taken into account, in France at least. All those reasons participate in shrinking the scope of the decisions on the one hand; on the other hand they do strip the deciders from their role in benefit of bureaucratic and supranational actors. Go-between decisions and intermediate steps are in cause. Corps of civil servant emerged from this process, developing distinct interests and ambitions, that may different from the common interest and using technical pretexts. Recently, a u-turn has been taken in that respect, purely political and organisational decisions being made on behalf of technical inputs. A result of this first part of our reflexion is the growingly intricate weight of territories interests, would it be global with the World Health Organization or European with the EU, besides “traditional” territories as the state and local territories that still have to affirm themselves. In order to identify the links created by information through those different territories and set of interest, we take the example of a remote French territory in South America, French Guiana. Regulations implemented there result from WHO, EU, French national state with some consequences and lack of adaptation due to specific local settings. Classical “top down” approaches are all the more useless that local reality differs from common settings. We do propose 3 case-studies to illustrate this hypothesis. We also use those studies to try to identify causes of failures or success. Among them is the necessity to identify key information that is able to push the decider to take a decision. Technical aspects are not enough under that aspect. Formalized participation of stakeholders and beneficiaries can help and should be systematically used, starting upstream any program and being able to confer some kind of sustainability. But more, there is a need to develop an integrated sanitary intelligence at the territory scale, the only way to encompass fully the many impacts of environment on health for public policies
Marega, Oumar. "Changements socio-environnementaux et évolution des pratiques agropastorales en Afrique sahélienne : étude comparée entre le Ferlo (Sénégal), le Gourma (Mali) et le Fakara (Niger)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC228/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a biophysical context characterized by important socioenvironmental changes, the main objective of this PhD is to understand how much agropastoral practices modulatein space and time the vulnerability and adaptability of agroecosystems and sahelians agropastoral societies. To reach this target, this question has been applied at macro-regional scale, relying on three micro-regional study areas: Ferlo (Senegal); Gourma (Mali) and Fakara (Niger) in which perceptions and representations of societies have been studied in a sample of villages and camps. The method developed in this PhD has two components: 1) remote sensing mapping based on satellite image processing, and 2) geo-textual analyses based on lexicometry from semi-structured interviews. The remote sensing mapping allowed to diagnose micro-regional and local scales on land cover change since the 70s until 2010. The diagnosis, based on a multiscale approach, shows intra and inter regional contrasts in the evolution of soil cover by vegetation that invite to nuance observations indicating a greening of Sahel. The articulation of remote sensing with field investigations helped to understand, first the evolution of plant resources, then to consider the variety of responses from the Sahel rural societies to the 70’s and 80’s climate crisis, and to the recent socio-economic changes experienced by sahelian countries. Through lexicometry, geo-textual analysis based on semi-structured interviews allowed to approach the livestock farmer’s perception about the vulnerability and resilience of natural resources. Thanks to the expressed perceptions, the adaptive practices were identified in their variety. It enabled to show the sociospatial reconfigurations in the trajectories of agricultural and pastoral activities that partly explain the contrasts within and between regions observed in Ferlo, Gourma and Fakara
Olivero, Julie. "Entreprises et management environnemental : pratiques de gestion dans les établissements à risques règlementés situés sur le littoral français". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1072.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe increasing societal awareness and the intensification of the regulation make henceforth strategic environmental issues for pollutant sites. Included within the scope of the CSR, this thesis aims to understand the management decision of environmental risks within risky sites located in French densely populated coastal areas. It analyses the ways of evaluating, managing and communicating about environmental risks, also called “industrialo-environmental risks” (IER), and identifies motivations and difficulties of these actions as described by managers. The research is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework: the work on the individual decision under risk, the stakeholder theory, and the neo-institutionalism. The research methodology is divided into two times: a qualitative study of 19 interviews with textual analysis, and a survey of 196 sites by questionnaire. Results emphasize that, despite a collective awareness of environmental issues, IER have been significantly managed since only a decade. If regulatory stakeholders and leaders' values primarily guide risky sites towards a more "responsible" management, the complexity of regulation and the lack of information explain the slowing of environmental initiatives (EMS, EMAS eco-audit, partnerships). The surveyed sites adopt reactive approaches of regulatory compliance. Costs, lack of human and financial resources, and the low perception of the immediate benefits are considered as barriers to the pursuit of more ambitious environmental activities. Thus, the IER management appears more as a way to legitimize and sustain activities as an economic advantage
Riga, Candia. "Calcul fonctionnel non-anticipatif et applications en finance". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066737/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis develops a mathematical framework for the analysis of continuous-time trading strategies which, in contrast to the classical setting of continuous-time finance, does not rely on stochastic integrals or other probabilistic notions.Using the `non-anticipative functional calculus', we first develop a pathwise definition of the gain process for a large class of continuous-time trading strategies which includes delta-hedging strategies, as well as a pathwise definition of the self-financing condition. Using these concepts, we propose a framework for analyzing the performance and robustness of delta-hedging strategies for path-dependent derivatives across a given set of scenarios. Our setting allows for general path-dependent payoffs and does not require any probabilistic assumption on the dynamics of the underlying asset, thereby extending previous results on robustness of hedging strategies in the setting of diffusion models. We obtain a pathwise formula for the hedging error for a general path-dependent derivative and provide sufficient conditions ensuring the robustness of the delta-hedge. We show in particular that robust hedges may be obtained in a large class of continuous exponential martingale models under a vertical convexity condition on the payoff functional. We also show that discontinuities in the underlying asset always deteriorate the hedging performance. These results are applied to the case of Asian options and barrier options. The last chapter, independent of the rest of the thesis, proposes a novel method, jointly developed with Andrea Pascucci and Stefano Pagliarani, for analytical approximations in local volatility models with Lévy jumps
Huteau, Charlotte. "Le déplacement en zones côtières : entre anticipation et gestion des risques naturels : perspectives juridiques". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROD002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoastal areas have always been attractive for their economic potential and their touristic and residential interest. They have been massively settled in countries all over the world. However, while coastlines are weakened by human impact, they are also subject to degradations due to climate change. Besides the sea-level rise, often emphasized by the media, we must consider the erosion caused by storms and hurricanes. The current context is strongly marked by the question of the environmental displaced persons who do not have any status. This situation can be illustrated by the small island states whose territory is threatened by the sea-level rise. Thus, the issue of managing these problems in respect with human rights arises to an increased extent. The challenge of this work, supported by different country profiles: Bangladesh, USA, France, Small Island States (including the Maldives, Kiribati, Tuvalu), is to seek the root causes of this dilemma that has become so intense that it leads to displacement, and then to promote and facilitate adaptation in-situ or adopt new displacement policies that are no longer perceived as a failure but as an adaptation strategy towards risks. This change of perspective intends to mobilize legal tools from various branches of law (Urbanism, Insurance, Liability and humanitarian law, etc.). It also intends to respect principles to ensure anticipation and acceptance of the approach by the people. With the study of these examples, we must identify these commons elements and take into account the specificities of each country and each community
Elabidi, Houda. "La prise en compte des facteurs ESG (environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance) dans l'appréhension du risque opérationnel : le cas du secteur bancaire en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080058.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the adaptation of their governance models, methods and management processes. In this context, financial institutions are more and more involved in processes of expression, influence and standardization that interfere with their own vision and the ability to act. Such a context could not support either passivity or inaction and should, on the contrary, encourage financial institutions to develop more sophisticated risk management processes and to promote better application. However, the emergence of new sources of risk has made it more difficult to analyze the overall risk incurred by these institutions, hence the need to detect, control and limit it rapidly. This is why a social and governance environmental analysis makes it possible to diversify the sources of information, to refine and qualify the financial evaluation by non-financial criteria, but which participate fully in the development policy in the financial sector. This strengthens the role of risk governance in establishing guidelines and setting a framework for using a more comprehensive approach to risk management. In many cases, information on environmental, social and governance risks is overlooked by financial institutions, especially banks
Mieulet, Elise. "La prolifération de moustiques vecteurs sur le littoral méditerranéen et dans les départements français d’Amérique : enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3095.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France,the human-mosquito relationship and the mosquito control policies show differentiated stories and features from one territory to another.Thus,if in FDA mosquitoes never ceased being epidemic factors,however,on the Mediterranean coast until recently they no longer represented a Health risk.Indeed,in the FDA,since their implementation,mosquito control campaigns have always been conducted for a sanitary purpose through vector control campaigns.Meanwhile,in metropolitan France,aiming to reduce the nuisance,these policies were initially implemented to ensure the inhabitants comfort.But,starting from 2004,following the durable installation of the Asian tiger mosquito on the French Mediterranean coastline and the progressive widening of its distribution area,the context evolves and,from now on,the metropolitan France is potentially exposed to health risks hitherto circumscribed to tropical areas.Mobilising the theoretical frameworks of environmental,health and risks sociologies,and based on a corpus gathering qualitative (311 interviews and direct observations) and quantitative data (1415 questionnaires),this PhD analyses the recombining of the relationship between environmental and health challenges in light of the vector mosquitoes proliferation.It initially focuses on the place and status of the insect within the different populations.Then, the socio-economic factors influencing the individual vulnerability of exposure to the insect are studied.The third part is devoted to the expectations and requests of the inhabitants regarding the public management of the mosquitoes’ proliferation.Finally, a diachronic analysis centered on the Alps-Maritimes region is developed