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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Country life, kenya"
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Alwala, Bernard. "Regaining the values and Appealing to Religious Resources for Social Transformation in Kenya: A Critical and Appreciative Perspective". East African Journal of Traditions, Culture and Religion 5, nr 1 (24.08.2022): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajtcr.5.1.806.
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Religion creates a complex part of Kenya as a country. In Kenya, almost all aspects of life; social, political, and commercial life are punctuated with religious lexes and rituals. Whereas Kenya and Africa as a whole are immersed in religiosity, poverty, ethnic politics, tribalism, and bribery are prevalent in African countries and the list cannot be complete without mentioning them. The inquiry thus arises as to whether African religiosity gives inducement to corruption and poverty or religion contributes to people’s involvement in corruption, poverty, and tribalism and how can religion be used to transform the country? By using the concept of religion, this paper will explore in what sense religion can be said to be a way of life for Africans; investigate why there is a loss of religious morals in the contemporary Kenyan society. Thereafter, the study will sort to appreciate the role religion can perform in the social change in Kenya and how resources of religion can be reclaimed and involved in the change of the Kenyan society. The paper will argue that even though religion seems to be a predicament to social disharmony expressed in issues such as corruption, conflict, and poverty in Kenya, it remains a vital constituent of ‘Africanness’ and may well contribute to social transformation by permeating the economic, political, and social life of the people.
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Mungara, David, i Wesley Too. "Preparing Future Doctors for Palliative and End of Life Care in Kenya: Cross-sectional Survey". Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing 9, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.1798.
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Purpose: The main aim of this study was to assess how prepared are Kenyan doctors in delivering palliative and end of life care to chronic and life-threatening conditions.
Methodology: Cross-sectional survey was used to assess doctor’s palliative and end of life practices. Multi-center (three-mission referral and teaching hospitals in Kenya): Tenwek, Kijabe, and Chogoria were used to collect data from 96 medical practioners. Medical doctors with at least 6 months managing patients with chronic conditions (cancer, HIV/AIDS and other life-threatening conditions) were recruited into the study. The quantitative data was analysed using an independent t-test. All ethical considerations were addressed.
Findings: Majority of doctors interviewed were generalists who had managed chronic diseases. Majority had basic concepts of palliative care and end of life care. Those who had received prior training in palliative care were better in performance’s score on knowledge questions regarding palliative care and end of life. Medical doctors were knowledgeable on psychological distress and opioids effects domains as compared to delirium and dyspnea domains. Among those who were knowledgeable in palliative care and end of life care were doctors trained outside Kenya, those who were senior with more experiences (>10 years), over 40 years and had further training after their undergraduate
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study seeks to develop training tailored to Kenyan doctors and Physicians on end-of-life care practices in selected counties then roll-out to the rest of the counties in the country in collaboration with Ministry of Health Kenya and also provide opportunities for doctors to develop palliative and end-of-life care skills especially for resident and junior doctors. This study will also form basis for policy development on palliative and end-of-life care practices in Kenya, which currently is non-existent. End-of-life care Policy would aid in clinical application of good practices surrounding palliative and end-of-life care which should be implemented in Kenya. This study advocates inclusion of end-of-life care training modules in a standardized curriculum for undergraduate as part of training and preparing future Kenyan doctors. Further, this study can be considered as current Physician’s approach to end-of-life care practices in Kenya which then can be a basis to develop guidelines and standards addressing end-of-life which is fraught with ethical and medical dilemmas carried by healthcare professionals.
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Ukpokodu, I. Peter. "Theatre and Political Discord: Theatre Rebels of Zimbabwe and Kenya". Theatre Research International 23, nr 1 (1998): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300018198.
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Though the world is aware of the political activities of the Nigerian playwright, Wole Soyinka, it might be difficult to find a better example of the relationship between a nation in a state of socio-political chaos and the arts in an African country than that of Ngugi wa Thiong'o's Kenya as exemplified in Matigari:Matigari, the main character [in Ngugi wa Thiong'o's Matigari], is puzzled by a world where the producer is not the one who has the last word on what he has produced; a world where lies are rewarded and truth punished. He goes round the country asking questions about truth and justice. People who had read [Matigari] started talking about Matigari and the questions he was raising as if Matigari was a real person in life. When Dictator Moi [President of Kenya] heard that there was a Kenyan roaming around the country asking such questions, he issued orders for the man's arrest. But when the police found that he was only a character in fiction, Moi was even more angry and he issued fresh orders for the arrest of the book itself.
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Mugo, Aram, Anthony Odek i Paul Omato Gesimba. "Effects of Innovation Culture on the Performance of Genge Music Production Companies in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya". African Journal of Empirical Research 4, nr 2 (16.10.2023): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.58.
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The Kenya Vision 2030 identifies music and performing arts as one of the sectors that can contribute towards transforming Kenya into a globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life by 2030. In particular, the Genge music industry has the potential to create employment for many young people in the country due to the appeal that this music genre has to youth. However, Genge music production companies have not been effective in creating stable employment and entrepreneurial opportunities for many young people. In this regard, the study sought to examine the effect of innovation culture on the performance of Genge music production companies in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study made use of the convergent parallel research design that combined quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The quantitative component of the study targeted a population of 252 workers in six Genge music production companies located in Starehe Sub-County, while the qualitative component targeted 10 directors of the Music Copyright Association of Kenya (MCSK) and Kenya Association Music Producers (KAMP). A sample of 70 workers was selected using the proportionate random sampling method for the purposes of collecting quantitative data using survey questionnaires. On the other hand, qualitative data was collected using interview guides from six directors of the MCSK and KAMP that were selected purposively. Findings revealed that Genge music companies have performed relative well in terms of generating revenues to meet their costs, signing new artists, and increasing revenues from music streams. However, the firms have not excelled when it comes to providing adequate remuneration to artists. The study found a statistically significant positive association between the performance of Genge music production companies and innovation culture (β =.607, t = 5.785, p =.002). The finding led to the conclusion that inculcating an innovation culture would enhance the performance of the Genge music production companies. The study recommends that policymakers at the State Department of Culture and Heritage should enhance enforcement of copyright law to promote innovation culture. If implemented, the recommendation will be of benefits to Kenyan youth interested in making a career in the music production value chain, either as artists, sound engineers, videographers, song writers, or marketers, among other music production professions.
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Okinyi, Fredrick Otieno, Joshua Dower, Germaine Serubuga Makory, Christy Orndorff, Jarred Gallegos, Edwin Indalo, Helena Musau i in. "Integration and delivery of palliative and supportive care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, nr 34_suppl (1.12.2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.97.
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97 Background: Pediatric palliative care (PC) and end-of-life (EoL) planning and support for children, families, and providers are under-developed in Kenya. PC providers in Kenya want to build advocacy and teams to support children with life-threatening or limiting diseases and their families. Methods: KEHPCA in collaboration with UoN/KNH and US pediatric PC providers solicited applications from across the country to participate in a weeklong “train-the-trainer” workshop. The program was entirely devoted to pediatric PC and EoL care and is the “first-like” workshop to our knowledge. The program incorporated a variety of teaching and training tools that were used to support children, their families and caregivers suitable for the Kenyan setting. The cases of 7 children (7 mos. to 11 yrs) served as the focal point for training including extensive role-play scenarios. Results: The workshop convened 9-13th July 2018 in Nairobi. KEHPCA selected 31 providers from among 130 across Kenya to participate and included medical officers, nurses, pharmacists, psychosocial workers, spiritual care, and a school teacher. Expectations were identified by participants at the start, pre- and post-conference surveys were completed, and the identical survey was submitted twice to more than 5,000 physicians listed in the Kenya Board of Medicine directory. There is a lack of awareness of the importance of PC by physicians listed in the directory responding to the same survey. The workshop was well received and ways forward identified. Conclusions: There is consensus among participants that there are five critical gaps in pediatric PC in Kenya: 1) PC requires an interdisciplinary team; 2) interdisciplinary family visits are seldom done; 3) there is a need to facilitate EoL and serious illness conversations with families/guardians and children as appropriate (adolescents in particular); 4) identify ways to support the legacy of infants and young children who pass away; and 5) a clear desire to support the healthcare team. These observations will form a solid departure point for developing programs and ways forward for Kenyan children with life-threatening illnesses. [Supported in part by: KEHPCA and NIH grant nos.: D43 TW009333.]
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Wangai, Mukami. "Religious Pluralism in Practice: Defining Secularism in Kenya’s Headscarf Cases". Strathmore Law Journal 3, nr 1 (1.08.2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v3i1.59.
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Present day Kenyan society represents a plurality of peoples, ideas and consequently, approaches to life, a state well embodied in the Constitution of Kenya. The apparent diversity presents challenges to the preservation of the multi-coloured nature of the society and at the same time guaranteeing rights and freedoms as envisaged by the 2010 Constitution. The preamble to the Constitution reconciles the two interests by celebrating the ‘ethnic, cultural and religious diversity’ of Kenya and envisioning an existence ‘in peace and unity as one indivisible sovereign nation’. A marriage of diversity and peaceful coexistence requires tolerance in order to balance competing rights. Within Kenya’s plural society, the most visible religion freedom disputes have been between the Christian majority and Muslim minority. Present constitutional clashes between the two religions date back to the Constitution of Kenya, 1963 (Independence Constitution) and its 1969 revision (Repealed Constitution), which granted Kadhis’ courts limited jurisdiction within a 10-mile coastal strip of the country. Following heated debate on matters of religious pluralism during the constitutional review process, the 2010 Constitution introduced a more accommodative framework for religious freedom. These matters will be analyzed in the following lines.
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Chuah-Petiot, Min S. "Data to the bryoflora of Mount Kenya, Kenya". Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 10, nr 1 (1.12.1995): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.10.1.8.
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194 species of bryophytes, belonging to 61 families are reported from Mount Kenya, of which 38 species are new for Mount Kenya and 30 records are new for the whole country, marked by * and ** respectively. The montane forests between 1600 and 3300m. asl., contain the greatest diversity of life forms and species. This is due to the abundant rainfall providing adequate humidity at relatively low temperature and altitude, coupled with frequent cloud cover. All vegetation belts above the montane forests experience large diurnal fluctuations in temperatures, intense solar radiation, added by the fact that the rainfall is relatively low and erratic or at times fall in the form of hail or snow resulting in a low diversity of species and life forms except in very sheltered habitats such as rock crevices in rocky outcrops. Solifluctions soil conditions occuring between 3850 and 4450m. asl. exhibit moss balls growth forms. The summits of Batian (5199m.), Nelion (5188m.) and Lenana (4985m.) harbour small cushions of Grimmia affinis and Andreaea cucullata. The greatest number of species are found in the wetter southern, south-western and south-eastern slopes unlike the drier northern, north-western and north-eastern slopes of the mountain. Species commonly found in the wetter areas are Bryum preussii, Bryum keniae, Prionodon ciliatus, Hypopterygium viridissimum, Plagiochila barteri, Plagiochila squamulosa, Radula recurvifolia, Porella hoehnelii, Dumortiera hirsuta while Pterogonium gracile, Leptodon smithii and Hedwigia ciliata are characteristic of the drier areas.
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Mwangi, Teresia Wambui, i Michel Mutabazi. "Analysis of Human Development of Kenya". International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability 11, nr 4 (15.04.2023): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijdes.13/vol11n44573.
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Kenya, like many other countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, still has problems with poverty, inequality, health, education, and environmental concerns, all of which limit its capacity for full human progress. The aim of this study was to analyse the human development of Kenya using the HDI index. HDI is a composite measurement of human well-being that includes data on life expectancy, income, and education. This study specifically analyzed the trends in HDI of Kenya since 2012 to 2022 and compared it with other countries in East African Community. A multidimensional concept was investigated using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research of human development was concentrated on Kenya and the countries of the East Africa Community, basing on secondary data from existing Governmental and Non-Governmental publications. The geometric mean of the normalised indices for life expectancy, GNI, and education makes up the HDI. The life expectancy at birth is used to evaluate the health dimension, while the mean number of years spent in school for persons 25 years and older and the anticipated number of years spent in school for young children are used to evaluate the education dimension. The measure of the standard of life is the gross national income per person. Kenya is a country with a medium level of human development, ranked 152nd out of 189 nations in 2022 with HDI of 0.598. A number of factors, including inequalities, influence the HID in Kenya. The results of this analysis highlight Kenya's accomplishments in terms of human development over the previous ten years. Kenya had the highest HDI score in East African Community, followed by Tanzania and Uganda. For the recommendation the policymakers and stakeholders can apply these findings to design targeted strategies and policies that address regional differences, promote gender equality, and further boost human development in Kenya and East African Community.
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Njore, Catherine M., Charles Mwangi Kimari i Kuria Thiong’o. "Initiative aiming to introduce children to maps in Kenya". Proceedings of the ICA 2 (10.07.2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-93-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The age at which one is introduced to cartography and map making skills has been identified as a major factor in creating interest and awareness in mapping, more so when incorporated in the education system. Additionally, participation of children in various cartographic arts and maps competitions develops their cognitive knowledge and skills. Despite this information, Kenya continues to lag behind in the incorporation of qualified cartographic products into the education curriculum. The objective of this project therefore was to sensitize the various education stakeholders in the country on the need to develop childrens’ cognitive skills and abilities at an early stage in their life. The project, which is at its initial stage, formulated under a book club called “ThinkWords” mainly targets primary school children (4&ndash;10 years) and is currently working with one of the schools based in Nyeri County, Kenya as a pilot project. The children are engaged in various activities which include maps and their uses. Currently the “ThinkWords” club has a membership of 50, which is inclusive of children and their teachers. The ultimate goal of the project is to convince the relevant education stakeholders in the country on the importance of introducing cartography in schools, by sharing the children’s work with the relevant government authorities and stakeholders on need of children themed maps in terms of symbology. The project is then envisioned to be rolled out to other parts of the country and eventually lead to the inclusion of cartographic training skills into the education system.</p>
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Kiche, Justus Odongo. "Effectiveness of Information Communication Technology on Education in Kenyan Universities". East African Journal of Information Technology 6, nr 1 (18.10.2023): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajit.6.1.1525.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been growing faster and having influence in society and daily life. It has been a vital instrument in giving higher education to the people. Integration of ICT assisted lectures to the global requirement to replace traditional lecturing methods with a technology-based lecturing and learning tools and facilities. ICT has a major role in giving access to information. Its application and having skills, knowledge and expertise was very critical. In the 21st century, the issue of ICT has made the level of education escalate in our Kenyan Universities. ICT has been considered as one of the main elements in transforming the country to the future development. Educational Sustainable development was the development that met the education needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations. As examples of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there was need to improve education status within our country. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ICT in universities of Kenya. The study was grounded on Constructivist learning theory. The researcher adopted a mixed methodology approach to carry out the study, since it had both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Concurrent triangulation design was used. The study was carried out in Nairobi County. The researcher used a questionnaire and an interview schedule to collect views on the effectiveness of ICT on education in universities of Kenya. Secondary data were obtained from books, journals, published and unpublished reports from education centres, libraries, and web-based materials. The collected qualitative data were organized into themes and contents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the quantitative data obtained. That specifically mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistical analysis of correlation to test the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The study justified that there was an important positive association between all the measures of ICT and education in universities of Kenya. The results showed that ICT had impact on lecturers and the students. Findings further indicated that lecturers used ICT tools and facilities to lecture. The university management to provide resources to train lecturers on ICT matters
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Country life, kenya"
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Mykkänen, Tina. "An Assessment of Returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters’ Commitment to Reintegrate : A Case Study of Kwale County, Kenya". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75957.
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The preoccupation in the past decades with theorizing radicalization in order to prevent violent extremism has left deradicalization undertheorized. As the number of returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs) is expected to increase as a result of the anticipated military and intelligence advancement on terrorism, the reintegration imperative stresses the urgency to develop comprehensive reintegration and deradicalization strategies. This study seeks to contribute to filling the research deficit begging for empirical data informed by FTFs’ experiences of, and challenges in, reintegration, through qualitative interviews with returning FTFs in Kwale County, Kenya; a county producing a relative majority of Kenyan recruits to Al Shabaab who are now offered amnesty on return to their county of origin. The Life Psychology framework, which assumes an inherent human strive to obtain a good life, i.e. life embeddedness, is adopted for the analysis. The study finds that returnees commit to reintegration in the absence of other alternatives, due to economic incentives and longing for acceptance. It confirms that the process requires the societal motivation in facilitation, but will fail without the sustained commitment of the returning FTF. The study further establishes that returning FTFs are not able to obtain a flow in life embeddedness, which would indicate inability to reintegrate. Yet, many of the interviewed returning FTFs express the contrary, which challenges the concept of life embeddedness as an indicator for reintegration. The study further challenges the general assumption that deradicalization is a precondition for reintegration, as it finds that radicalized individuals are able to reintegrate into communities of origin without deserting held radical beliefs, if those communities share radical sentiments. This study contributes to filling the deficit in empirical data, which when advanced will work to avert security threats posed by returning FTFs and enable utilizing the potential of the phenomenon to counter violent extremism.
Książki na temat "Country life, kenya"
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Grant, Huxley Elspeth Joscelin. Out in the midday sun: My Kenya. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 1986.
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Grant, Huxley Elspeth Joscelin. Out in the midday sun: My Kenya. London: Chatto & Windus, 1985.
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Grant, Huxley Elspeth Joscelin. Out in the midday sun: My Kenya. New York, NY: Viking, 1987.
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Isak, Dinesen. Out of Africa. Bath: Chivers, 1986.
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Isak, Dinesen. Out of Africa. London: Century Hutchinson, 1985.
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Isak, Dinesen. Out of Africa. London: Penguin, 1998.
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Grant, Huxley Elspeth Joscelin. In der Hitze des Mittags: Rückkehr nach Afrika. Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 1989.
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Grant, Huxley Elspeth Joscelin. The flame trees of Thika: Memories of an African childhood. London: Chatto & Windus, 1987.
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Isak, Dinesen. Out of Africa. London: Century, 1985.
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Isak, Dinesen. Yuan li Feizhou: Out of Africa. Wyd. 2. Taibei Shi: Huang guan chu ban she, 1986.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Country life, kenya"
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Niohuru, Ilha. "Country Demographics". W Healthcare and Disease Burden in Africa, 7–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19719-2_2.
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AbstractBeing the youngest and the fastest growing population, Africa is facing an increasing financial burden on healthcare and education expenditure. This chapter investigates the population, population growth, population density, urbanization rate, life expectancy, median age, fertility rate, gender equality, and economy of the eight sampled countries (Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tunisia). The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of factors that contribute to the financial burden while influencing patients’ decisions relating to healthcare, and the performance of the healthcare system. Poverty and gender inequality in Africa negatively affect the education level, which as a result influences the healthcare system, as it constructs an obstacle for the healthcare workers to provide information to the patients, and for the patient to access preventative and medical treatments. This chapter focuses on education and gender equality in education. It investigates the school enrollment rate, drop-out age, literacy rate, and government expenditure on education.
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Maguta, John Kibe, Daniel M. Nzengya, Chrocosiscus Mutisya i Joyce Wairimu. "Building Capacity to Cope with Climate Change-Induced Resource-Based Conflicts Among Grassroots Communities in Kenya". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2611–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_131.
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AbstractKenya is among the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change-related stresses and extreme events. According to FAO, over 75% of the country is classified as arid and semiarid with rainfall availability and amounts quite unevenly spread across the different parts of the country. The country has very skewed distribution of water sources with the western area being relatively well endowed with abundant water resources. The exponential growth in the country’s population over the years, together with rapid environmental degradation and poor water resource development programs, have worsened the country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Ethnic conflicts over land resources are common-place in Kenya’s rural areas where majority of the people live and the effects of extreme climate change events are likely to exacerbate resource-based conflicts. In this chapter we explore the extent of climate change-induced resource conflicts in three counties along rainfall availability gradient, namely, Kiambu County which experiences relatively high rainfall and also high urban population, Machakos County, which generally experiences modest rainfall availability, and Makueni County regarded to be one of the most arid and semiarid counties in the country. Data were collected in 2017 using a closed ended questionnaire. Between-subjects MANOVA design was used to examine relationship between independent and dependent variables. Qualitative results of the open-ended question reveal that climate change impacts can be diverse, particularly for vulnerable regions such as arid and semiarid regions such as Makueni County. In this county, respondents mentioned nine ways climate change had impacted communities, with the most frequently mentioned impact being increasing food insecurity followed by increasing water shortages. Machakos followed with seven impacts mentioned starting with increased water shortages followed by scarcity of pasture. In Kiambu County, only four impacts were mentioned with food insecurity being frequently mentioned among the list of impacts of climate change in the county. Results of the descriptive and inferential statistics reveal that resource-based conflicts vary along the hydrological gradient. In Machakos County, resource-based conflicts are perceived to have risen during the last 5 years (M = 3.92, SD = 0.66), followed by Makueni (M = 4.10, SD = 0.670). Kiambu residents do not consider resource-based conflicts to have risen during the last 5 year, (M = 2.50, SD = 1.38). Differences in severity of climate related conflicts are statistically significant, F2, 76 = 12.78, p <0.01. Also, climate change is strongly perceived to be a factor in the rise of resource-based conflicts in Machakos County (M = 4.10, SD = 0.67). In Makueni County as well, climate change is perceived to be a significant contributor to resource-based conflicts (M = 3.98, SD = 1.70). These findings have relevance on county and national policies targeted to build capacity to cope with climate change induced resource-based conflicts among grassroot communities in Kenya.
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Kuria, Peter, Josiah Gitari, Saidi Mkomwa i Peter Waweru. "Effect of conservation agriculture on soil properties and maize grain yield in the semi-arid Laikipia county, Kenya." W Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 256–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0015.
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Abstract Low and unreliable rainfall, along with poor soil health, is a main constraint to maize production in the semi-arid parts of Kenya that account for over 79% of the country's land area. In the vast county of Laikipia, farmers continue to plant maize despite the predominantly low quantities of precipitation. Participatory farmer experimentation with Conservation Agriculture (CA) was undertaken for six consecutive growing seasons between July 2013 and December 2016 to determine the effectiveness of CA as a method of improving soil properties and enhancing maize yields with the limited rainfall quantities received in these parts of Kenya. The main CA practices tested include chisel tine furrow opening (ripping) and live legume (Lablab purpureus) cover crop, as well as maize stover mulches, all implemented under varying inorganic fertilizer rates. The research was done across 12 administrative locations of Laikipia County where soils are mainly Phaeozems and Vertisols with a clay-loam texture. The research design used was researcher-designed and farmer-managed. In each of the 12 trial sites, participatory farmers' assessments and field days were carried out as a way of outreach to the bigger farming communities around the trial sites. The research findings obtained demonstrated that the use of CA impacts positively on soil properties and is a viable practice for enhancing maize yields in these moisture deficit-prone parts of the country. Soil chemical analysis assessment results showed that CA impacted positively on a number of soil mineral components including organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and pH. Midseason chlorophyll content assessment of the maize crop showed that there was good response to fertilizer application, as well as to mulching with crop residues for soil cover. Maize grain yield data also showed that the use of a CA package comprising chisel tine ripping combined with mulching by plant residues and use of mineral fertilizer resulted in a two- to threefold increase in grain yields above the farmer practice control. Mean maize grain yield in farmer practice plots was 1067 kg ha-1 compared with the CA-treated plot with mineral fertilization that yielded 2192 kg ha-1.
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Githiora, Chege. "Kenya: Language and the Search for a Coherent National Identity". W Language and National Identity in Africa, 235–51. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199286744.003.0013.
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Abstract Kenya is only forty-three years old as an independent, republican nation-state. It is a plural society that encompasses within its boundaries a diverse population of ethnic nations. Contemporary Kenya, like other nations of Africa, is engaged in a search for cohesion, unity, and a collective identity as a modern nation. This quest shapes its general policy of cultural and linguistic pluralism that recognizes the rights of all languages and cultures of the communities found within state boundaries. In this type of situation, language plays a central role in defining or mediating the ongoing formations and expressions of social identity. Individuals have complex multiple identities, involving region, language, socio-economic class, gender, and political and economic factors as well as religious and ethnic ones. Kenyan ‘national’ identity is necessarily a recent phenomenon because the idea of ‘Kenya’ as a country is a modern construction, invented purely by European imperial and colonial interests. Forged from at least forty-two different ethno-linguistic groups, their members have retained strongly grounded, localized identities which primarily are defined in terms of language, but also through claims to specific physical spaces, external community linkages, economic roles and practices – all within new boundaries and altered ways of life.
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Hamidi, Foad, Patrick Mbullo Owuor, Michaela Hynie, Melanie Baljko i Susan McGrath. "Potentials of Digital Assistive Technology and Special Education in Kenya". W Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 125–51. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2565-3.ch006.
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Technology specifically designed for people with disabilities is important in lowering boundaries to education, employment and basic life needs. However, the growth of a vibrant tech sector in Kenya has had little effect on the prevalence of digital assistive technology in the country. In this chapter, the authors report on initial explorations undertaken in Kisumu, Kenya to identify existing strengths, relationships, and gaps in access to digital assistive technology. The goal was to explore opportunities for initiatives in participatory design of assistive technology, using an international community/academic partnership. Relevant literature and projects from the areas of Information and Computer Technology for Development (ICT4D), Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Critical Disability Studies are reviewed and, these theories are grounded in the authors' experience working with stakeholders in the region. The conclusion discusses promising future directions for participatory and collaborative research in Kenya, and more broadly in the East African context.
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Dudziak, Mary L. "Discriminating Friends". W Exporting American Dreams. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691152448.003.0005.
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This chapter details events following Marshall's arrival in Kenya in 1963. It had been three years since Marshall had last been to the country. In early 1960, independence had been a demand. Now it was an inevitability, with ceremonies scheduled for December. Jomo Kenyatta, still in detention in 1960, his influence feared by the British and Americans, had instead emerged as a moderating voice after his release in 1961. He had carried the Kenya African National Union (KANU) to power, and was now prime minister during the colony's short period of self-rule. As for Marshall, bruising Court of Appeals confirmation hearings were now behind him. The civil rights lawyer had settled into life on the court.
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Merriman, Anne, Germans Natuhwera i Eve Namisango. "Spirituality, Culture, Traditions, and Other Beliefs Affecting Cancer Care, Uganda". W Global Perspectives in Cancer Care, 367–81. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197551349.003.0036.
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Spirituality, culture, traditions, and other beliefs affecting cancer care vary with time. Today, in 2021, they are most affected by poverty and, more recently, by COVID-19 and lockdowns. This chapter discusses how, on three continents, beliefs, sometimes changing with time and circumstances, affect cancer care and access to curative or palliative services. It also explores how a person’s approach to cancer care is affected by country of origin, culture, traditions, spiritual beliefs, life experience, family, and community approaches, as well as by income and the availability of curative or palliative services. It is based on those countries where author A.M. has lived and worked on three continents—Southeast Asia, Europe, and Africa—and in seven countries—Ireland, the United Kingdom, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Nigeria, Kenya, and Uganda. It also draws on the lived experience in Africa of authors E.N. and G.N. A.M.’s experience of practicing, researching, and teaching medicine on three continents draws attention to why one approach does not fit all.
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Steinberg, Paul F. "A Planet of Nations". W Who Rules the Earth? Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199896615.003.0011.
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On December 24, 1989, a man named Charles Taylor marshaled a band of armed rebels in the northern part of Liberia, a small country on the coast of West Africa. Carpeted in green jungle crossed by the occasional red dirt road connecting remote ramshackle towns, Liberia had never managed to attract much attention from the outside world. It carried none of the economic clout or strategic importance of continental powers like Kenya and South Africa. To outsiders, Liberia figured as little more than a historical curiosity, the place where freed American slaves settled and founded Africa’s first independent republic in 1847. Nor did Charles Taylor’s activities attract much notice. Military coups are a common occurrence throughout Africa, as much a part of reality as the tropical downpours that bring life to a temporary standstill in thousands of villages across the landscape before people tentatively poke out their heads and resume their daily activities. But this time something was different. Instead of racing to the capital and storming the presidential palace—as the incumbent dictator, Samuel Doe, had done a decade earlier—Taylor and his men were slow and deliberate in their progress, taking control of one town after the next. Rumors spread that the rebels were supported by Libya, a country that exercises much greater influence throughout the African continent than most people realize. Ultimately Charles Taylor would orchestrate a catastrophic civil war in Liberia, a conflict that would engulf neighboring Sierra Leone and lead to one of the worst humanitarian crises of the past century. At the time I was serving as a Peace Corps volunteer in Liberia, where my wife and I were assigned to work in President Doe’s hometown of Zwedru, a remote place that could only be reached through days of travel along roads with mud pits the size of swimming pools or, alternatively, in a single-propeller plane that the tropical air currents would toss about like a toy in a bathtub. It was in Liberia that I first came to appreciate how national governance impacts the lives of billions of people every day.
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Kipkosgei Murgor, Daniel. "Integrating Local Farmers Knowledge Systems in Rainfall Prediction and Available Weather Forecasts to Mitigate Climate Variability: Perspectives from Western Kenya". W Climate Change in Asia and Africa - Examining the Biophysical and Social Consequences, and Society's Responses. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96504.
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This chapter examines relevant studies and examples on integrating farmer’s traditional knowledge systems in rainfall prediction with available weather forecasts to mitigate impact of changing climate among rainfall dependent farmers in Western Kenya. The chapter combines the results of a study conducted in Western Kenya among maize and wheat growing farmers in Uasin Gishu County and perspectives from other related studies within the Eastern and Southern part of Africa. The chapter details how farmers have navigated the impact of changing climate on the farming enterprise that is largely dependent on rainfall. The findings reveal that farmers in western Kenya have experienced crop losses during planting and harvesting seasons due to prevailing variations in weather patterns. This is corroborated by over 340 (87.8%) of farmers in Uasin Gishu county of Kenya who agreed so and further stated that they had experienced changes in rainfall patterns and even the timing for maize and wheat growing had become uncertain and contrary to what they have known over time in the recent years. Similarly, like other findings in the reviewed studies in this chapter, the Kenyan farmers (84.9%) agreed strongly that they applied their local indigenous knowledge and experience gained over time to predict rainfall onset and cessation dates thus making key farming decisions. Relying heavily on traditional weather forecasting by farmers is catastrophic now due to changes on the environment associated to environmental degradation; ecosystem disturbance and changing climate which have seen important traditional predictor indicators disappear or lost completely from the environment. Although over 90% of the Kenyan farmers in average belief in use of weather forecast information, integration of this information is not effective because of its adaptability, format and timing challenges. The same is true for farmers in some countries within the region. Importantly, provision of context-specific and downscaled weather forecast information to support farmer’s resilience is crucial. Most studies and programmes reviewed in this chapter agree that there is synergy in integrating local knowledge systems and available weather forecast information for better weather prediction. It is critical that policymakers, practitioners or key stakeholders and forecasters (both from the meteorological services and indigenous groups) converge and agree on weather prediction if they are to support farmers in managing climate risk or uncertainties.
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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki. "Green Energy Technologies as the Road Map to Sustainable Economic Growth in Kenya". W Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 167–84. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4915-5.ch009.
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Kenya, just like other developing countries of the world, is energy deficient. Power supply is characterized by flaws including inaccessibility by marginalized rural communities, high cost of electricity, power outages, and over-reliance on biomass and hydropower sources. Despite these trends, the country has great potential to produce green energy including wind, biofuels, solar, and geothermal power in excess of the entire country's demand. This chapter explores the status of each of these green energy sources and their production potential using in Kenya. Findings show that the production capacity for all of the sources is high though limited tapping and harnessing of these energy resources is done. This could be attributable to lack of exploitation technology and expertise, huge capital investments involved and the uncertainty on the effects of these renewable energy sources to food and water security. For optimal exploitation, Kenya must invest in the energy sector hugely to enhance technical know-how on its development and cater for the associated financial opportunity costs.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Country life, kenya"
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Oruko, Happiness, John Kutna, Anne Gitimu, Yvonne Opanga i Esther Wambui. "Assessing The Role of Multi-Sectoral Platforms and Their Influence on Nutrition Outcomes in West Pokot County, Kenya". W 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.s.d-04.
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Background: Various actors continue to implement food and nutrition security interventions in West Pokot. SMART Survey Report, 2022 indicates higher stunting rates of 43.2% against 26% at national level. Multisector approach offers comprehensive strategies to enhance food systems as well as food and nutrition security (FNS) through addressing underlying and basic causes of malnutrition which seem to be missed out in most nutrition interventions. The paper highlights the functionality of multi-sectorial platforms (MSP) and their influence on FNS issues in West Pokot County. Methods: A cross sectional design utilizing qualitative data collection methods was utilized. 25 Key Informant Interviews with purposively selected representatives from line ministries and implementing partners were conducted. Additionally, 9 FGDs with Community Based Organizations and Community Health Volunteers were conducted. Qualitative data was audio recorded, translated, transcribed verbatim and coded using MAXQDA version 22. Data was analyzed thematically through deductive and inductive methods. Results: Key findings indicated lack of awareness on existence and objectives of multi-sectoral platforms and County FNS priorities among stakeholders. There was minimal evidence of stakeholder participation in development of FNS priorities at subcounty and community levels, poor dissemination of FNS priorities and the MSP terms of reference. At the community level, food security was limited due to high food prices, poor road networks for food distribution as well as cultural practices that limit consumption of certain foods. It was also noted that some community members also lack awareness on food preservation leading to food wastage. Facilitating factors for MSP functionality included availability of well-established government structures and technical capacity of various stakeholders. Barriers included: inadequate financial and human resources to support MSP, minimal capacity to coordinate MSP and failure to prioritize MSP by stakeholders. Proposed sustainability mechanisms included: Need to strengthen government commitment to fund and convene MSPs, improve capacity of stakeholders to coordinate MSP, and institutionalize MSP in line ministries. Conclusion: There is need to improve inclusivity of all stakeholders in MSP processes including design, implementation and monitoring. To ensure sustainability, there is need to enhance government commitment and stakeholder contribution in co-funding MSP activities. Key Words: Stunting, Multi-sectoral platform, Food and Nutrition Security, co-funding, Sustainability
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Madeda, Hilda Mziri, Patricia Mbogoh i Evalyne Ngirigacha. "Association of Nutritional Status, Feeding Patterns, and their Covariates among Lactating Adolescents 15-19 Years Attending Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya". W 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-36.
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Adolescent birth rate per 1000 adolescents aged 15-19 is a global phenomenon that translates to greater proportion in early pregnancy and lactation in this group. The prevalence of pre-mature pregnancy in Kenya is at 31.1%. This cohort is at a high risk of nutritional status when they become pregnant due to competition of nutrients. 69.2% of households in Kilifi County consume food at a borderline putting them at risk of malnutrition. The objective of this study was to investigate association of nutritional status, feeding patterns, and their covariates among lactating adolescents aged 15-19. The research approach was both qualitative and quantitative. Respondents attending kilifi hospital, able to provide consent and residing in kilifi were selected for inclusion. Interviews were used to collect data on lactating adolescents’, breast feeding practices and anthropometry to determine their nutritional status. The 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaires aided in obtaining data on nutrients and energy requirements. Data Analysis was done using Nutri-servey and Excel to analyzed all food items consumed, SPSS determined feeding patterns, lactation practices while Logistic Regression explained association between independent and dependent variables. The study findings indicate most adolescent lactating mothers have normal body eight. They may have had stunted growth because height had a Mean of 160 cm below global expected height of 163cm for women aged 18. Insufficient dietary intake and feeding patterns greatly influenced growth. Dietary intake was not uniform due to no monitoring or enough education on nutritional requirements. Essential nutrients missed out in the dietary management of adolescent lactating mothers that impacted on low exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Majority of the respondents did not carry out exclusively breastfeeding. Dietary patterns like snacking, low consumption of fruits and faulty dieting, were most likely the cause for low EB patterns. Key words: Lactating adolescent mothers, nutritional status, feeding patterns, lactating practices, Covariat
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C, Timanoi, Mwanja M i Arasio A. "Utilization of one health ‘Kimormor’ Multi-Sectoral Outreaches for enhanced Nutrition Interventions in Migratory Pastoral Communities of Turkana County, Kenya." W 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.s.d-03.
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Background: According to the Integrated Phase Classification for acute malnutrition, Turkana County was ranked at critical phase (15-30% GAM rates of 27%, or ‘critical phase’ and Integrated Phase Classification 3 as food security insecure or ‘crisis phase (SMART Survey Jan 2023). Turkana County SMART Nutrition surveys 2018-2022 indicated increased stunting rates from 17.4% in 2018 to 21.9% in 2022, while in Jan 2023 the rates reduced to 21.6% due to the increased nutrition surveillance and response by various partners. Amidst the climate change crisis posed by drought and flush floods, a multi-sectoral approach in addressing maternal, child health and nutrition gaps is critical for better health outcomes for more than 50% of the population which is pastoral. This paper highlights the utilization of Kimormor Multisector Outreaches to respond to the unique needs of migratory pastoral communities in Loima Sub County, Turkana County. USAID Imarisha Jamii Intervention • To enhance health care seeking for migratory populations, Amref Health Africa in Kenya implemented the Kimormor One Health Approach. • This co-created model encompasses a multisectoral approaches on maternal and child health (MNCH) outcomes. • Through Kimormor, human and animal health is delivered to pastoral communities. • Multi-Sectoral Interventions are integrated into the Mobile Outreaches which follow the communities in their mapped migratory routes and waterpoints. Results: Through the Kimormor one health integrated outreach for one site out of 5 sites, 184 children and 40 Pregnant and lactating women (PLW) were screened for malnutrition out of these 10 and 96 children were severely malnourished and moderately malnourished respectively.25 PLWIDs were malnourished and enrolled into supplementary feeding Program (SFP). 129 children got dewormed, and 136 (under 5yrs) received Vitamin A supplementation. 16 children were fully Immunized.174 adults were able to be registered for National ID's and NHIF membership. A total of 4196 Shoats were dewormed and vaccinated against PPR disease. Conclusion • Implementation of Kimormor One health Outreach contributed to uptake of nutrition services like Vitamin A supplementation,deworming,continous growth monitoring and screening for malnutrition. • Other Multi-sector servivices which would otherwise have not been achieved in a static approach include animal health, NHIF enrollment, and maternal and child health aervices • Partnership and resource pooling among different sectors were effectively achieved which made implementation of the initiative possible. Recommendation • There is need to scale up an innovative kimormor one-health approach for migratory populations in other sub counties.
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Mkamburi, Kilian M., Evayline M. Nkirigacha, Patricia M. Mbogoh i Jackin N. Nanua. "Are Deep Frying Practices Employed by Food Vendors in Mtwapa and Junju Communities of Kilifi County Safe? An Exploratory Study". W 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15.
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Background: Deep fat frying practices are shown to influence the concentration of toxic aldehydes in frying oils and the fried foods. Consumption of foods with high amounts of toxic aldehydes is linked with increased risks of developing chronic diseases such as some forms of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and diabetes. Surveys from low and medium-income countries have shown high concentrations of toxic aldehydes in food and frying oil samples from food vendors. There are limited studies in Kenya investigating deep frying practices and whether they promote generation of toxic aldehydes or not. This study determined the common deep-frying practices employed by food vendors in Mtwapa and Junju locations in Kilifi County and determined the concentrations of toxic aldehydes in in-use frying oils randomly collected from food vendors in the study area. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Food vendors (n=90) who deep fried their foods were interviewed on deep frying practices like the type of frying oil and pan make and shape, temperature regulation, frying duration, type of foods fried, recycling and storage of frying oil among other practices. Oil samples from mahamri and fish (n= 20) were collected from the field and chemically analysed in triplicates for primary oxidation status expressed in peroxide values and the concentration of toxic aldehydes expressed in Peri-anisidine values (PAV) using SPECTRO UV-18 MRC at absorbance of 350nm. Results: Frequently fried foods were Mahamri (38%, n=41), viazi karai (30.6%, n=33), and fish (10.2%, n=11). All respondents used frying oils of unknown smoking point, 95% used pans that formed rust, all used trial-and-error when regulating frying temperatures, on average recycled their oil three times characterized with poor storage and 73% discarded their oil when the color changed to dark brown. Sixty percent of the mahamri oil samples and 70% all of fish oil samples had PAV above Codex recommended limits of 8.0 mEq/Kg. Conclusions: Deep fat frying practices reported in the present study portray unsafe practices that promote formation of toxic aldehydes. The high toxic aldehydes observed from the majority of the chemically analysed oil samples corroborate the findings that the deep-frying practices are unsafe and therefore, might be exposing the public to toxic aldehydes linked with undesirable health outcomes. Existing literature further supports these conclusions. Keywords: Deep frying practices, concentration of toxic aldehydes, generation of toxic aldehydes, deep fried foods, frying oils
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Li, Huimin. "Africa Petroleum Fiscal Evolvement and Impacts on Foreign Investment: Illustrations from Nigeria". W SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2567973-ms.
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ABSTRACT With plenty of latest discoveries witnessed from East Africa, the petroleum atlas reshaping is expected where some new faces (e.g. Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, etc.) may play emergent roles besides traditional oil countries in Africa. Due to general lack of infrastructure construction and capital investment, it still need some time for large-scale commercial production and the involvement of international oil companies is indispensable in the process. Dramatic price drop has tremendously stricken both governments and international oil companies (IOC) in oil-producing countries since 2014. The effectiveness in which governments and IOCs adjust to this reality will determine the extent and the pace of future development of these countries’ oil sectors. Most IOCs were struggling to cut capital expenditure and control operating cost to survive, and how to maintain and attract investment is regarded as huge challenges by many governments in the downward scenario. Apart from resource factors, petroleum fiscal terms are one of the key factors in the investment decision for IOCs. The attractiveness of fiscal contracts has a fundamental effect on profitability of petroleum projects, and thus an important indicator for evaluating investment feasibility in the country. The paper gives an overview on fiscal transformation in most Africa oil countries, some of them were trying to increase government share in oil profits to support social expenditures, and others have provided fiscal incentives to absorb further investment in the oil sector. It shows that fiscal policies in the countries where national economy relies more on oil revenues are less stable during the past decade. Some upstream projects in Nigeria are illustrated to show the impacts of different contract terms on economic benefits. Thus with new government's coming into power, most IOCs are holding back further investment and expecting negotiation with the authorities for confirmation on fiscal terms applied in their assets to avoid potential contractual risks, like PIB, Side letter, etc. The implications regarding petroleum regime are summarized based on the experience from Nigeria for emerging countries in East Africa, relatively stable fiscal policy with some incentives to encourage exploration activities would be helpful to petroleum industry. Lastly, investment suggestions are presented with priorities to promote business development in the area.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Country life, kenya"
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Ross-Larson, Bruce. Why Students Aren’t Learning What They Need for a Productive Life. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe13.
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The RISE program is a seven-year research effort that seeks to understand what features make education systems coherent and effective in their context and how the complex dynamics within a system allow policies to be successful. RISE had research teams in seven countries: Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam. It also commissioned research by education specialists in Chile, Egypt, Kenya, Peru, and South Africa. Those researchers tested ideas about how the determinants of learning lie more in the realm of politics and particularly in the interests of elites. They focused on how the political conditions have (or have not) put learning at the center of education systems (mostly not) while understanding the challenges of doing so. Each country team produced a detailed study pursuing answers to two central research questions: Did the country prioritize learning over access, and if so, during what periods? What role did politics play in the key decisions and how? The full studies detail their analytical frameworks, their data, and sources (generally interviews, government internal documents and reports, and other local and international publications), and the power of their assessments, given their caveats and limitations. Country summaries extract from the full studies how leadership, governance, teaching, and societal engagement are pertinent to student outcomes (see the next page). This synthesis, in line with Levy 2022, draws on the country summaries to detail the salience of goals of national leaders, alliances of stakeholders, missions of education bureaucracies, and expectations of society.
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Abuya, Timothy, i Wangari Ng'ang'a. Report: Getting it Right! Improving Kenya’s Human Capital by Reducing Stunting—A Household Account. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1064.
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In the last two decades, Kenya has attained middle-income status and established a diverse and private-sector-driven economy. On several socIo-economic indicators, such as education, gender equality, and democracy, Kenya scores much higher than its peers. More than two-thirds of Kenyans are under 35 years of age, thus the country’s development hinges on the quality of its youth—their levels of education and skills, their values and attitudes, and the quality of their health and productivity. While Kenya’s investments in the development of its human capital positions the country well to sustain accelerated growth, the trajectory is threatened by high rates of malnutrition, which contributes to the country’s disease burden and has a large effect on socio-economic development. About 26 percent of children in Kenya are stunted, and evidence indicates that poor nutrition in early life can create consequences for learning and future productivity. Women who were stunted as children are likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies, which is associated with higher levels of morbidity and mortality. This report analyzes the status of stunting in Kenya from a household perspective and points to pathways for addressing it.
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Diouf, Awa, Marco Carreras i Fabrizio Santoro. Taxing Mobile Money in Kenya: Impact on Financial Inclusion. Institute of Development Studies, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.030.
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Many people argue that mobile money has the potential to increase financial inclusion and improve the livelihoods of poor people in Africa. However, while many African governments impose specific taxes on mobile money transactions, very little is known about their effect on the use of mobile money services. This study assesses the short- and long-term impact of the tax on money transfer fees that the Kenyan government introduced in 2013. The tax, more specifically an excise duty, was imposed on fees incurred in all money transactions, including mobile money. It was introduced at 10 per cent and increased to 12 per cent in 2018. Our analysis has two parts. We use country-level data to see if the tax affected the use of mobile money – transaction values and volume – and the number of active mobile money agents. In addition, we use four rounds of nationally representative survey data to estimate changes in the use of mobile money after introduction of the tax. We find that the excise duty did not have a significant impact on different aggregated indicators relating to the use of mobile money. However, survey data shows that the tax may have reduced the rate of increase in use of mobile money services affected by the changes in tax, such as sending and receiving money, compared to services that were not, like savings and paying bills. Importantly, while the amounts transacted may not change, users send and receive money within households less regularly. In addition, the tax seems to have a more detrimental impact on poorer households, which were less likely to be financially included before the tax was introduced. Larger households also show more negative effects after the tax. URI
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Bolton, Laura. Lessons for FCDO Climate Change Programming in East Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.085.
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This rapid review synthesises evidence on FCDO climate projects across the East African region in the following countries; Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. This review established that sector stakeholders in countries like Rwanda lacked climate impact information. This highlights the need of providing the right information in the right form to meet the end users need. The above case studies have shown the need for consistent and harmonised future climate projections that are country specific. According to a study undertaken in Tanzania and Malawi, understanding the likely future characteristics of climate risk is a key component of adaptation and climate-resilient planning, but given future uncertainty it is important to design approaches that are strongly informed by local considerations and robust to uncertainty. According to the findings from the research, policy incoherence, over-reliance on donor funding, change in leadership roles is a barrier to adaptation. There is also an urgent need for mechanisms for sharing experience and learning from methodologies, technologies, and challenges. Further, Stakeholder dialogue and iterative climate service processes need to be facilitated. This review also explores approaches to communicating climatic uncertainties with decision-makers. Particularly, presentation of data using slide-sets, and stories about possible futures.
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Kahima, Samuel, Solomon Rukundo i Victor Phillip Makmot. Tax Certainty? The Private Rulings Regime in Uganda in Comparative Perspective. Institute of Development Studies, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.001.
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Taxpayers sometimes engage in complex transactions with uncertain tax treatment, such as mergers, acquisitions, demergers and spin-offs. With the rise of global value chains and proliferation of multinational corporations, these transactions increasingly involve transnational financial arrangements and cross-border dealings, making tax treatment even more uncertain. If improperly structured, such transactions could have costly tax consequences. One approach to dealing with this uncertainty is to create a private rulings regime, whereby a taxpayer applies for a private ruling by submitting a statement detailing the transaction (proposed or completed) to the tax authority. The tax authority interprets and applies the tax laws to the requesting taxpayer’s specific set of facts in a written private ruling. The private ruling offers taxpayers certainty as to how the tax authority views the transaction, and the tax treatment the taxpayer can expect based on the specific facts presented. Private rulings are a common feature of many tax systems around the world, and their main goal is to promote tax certainty and increase investor confidence in the tax system. This is especially important in a developing country like Uganda, whose tax laws are often amended and may not anticipate emerging transnational tax issues. Private rulings in Uganda may be applied for in writing prior to or after engaging in the transaction. The Tax Procedures Code Act (TPCA), which provides for private rulings, requires applicants to make a full and true disclosure of the transaction before a private ruling may be issued. This paper evaluates the Ugandan private rulings regime, offering a comparative perspective by highlighting similarities and contrasts between the Ugandan regime and that of other jurisdictions, including the United States, Australia, South Africa and Kenya. The Ugandan private rulings regime has a number of strengths. It is not just an administrative measure as in some jurisdictions, but is based on statute. Rulings are issued from a central office – instead of different district offices, which may result in conflicting rulings. Rather than an elaborate appeals process, the private ruling is only binding on the URA and not on the taxpayer, so a dissatisfied taxpayer can simply ignore the ruling. The URA team that handles private rulings has diverse professional backgrounds, which allows for a better understanding of applications. There are, however, a number of limitations of the Ugandan private rulings system. The procedure of revocation of a private ruling is uncertain. Private rulings are not published, which makes them a form of ‘secret law’. There is no fee for private rulings, which contributes to a delay in the process of issuing one. There is understaffing in the unit that handles private rulings. Finally, there remains a very high risk of bias against the taxpayer because the unit is answerable to a Commissioner whose chief mandate is collection of revenue. A reform of the private rulings regime is therefore necessary, and this would include clarifying the circumstances under which revocation may occur, introducing an application fee, increasing the staffing of the unit responsible, and placing the unit under a Commissioner who does not have a collection mandate. While the private rulings regime in Uganda has shortcomings, it remains an essential tool in supporting investor confidence in the tax regime.
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Kenya: Communities support adolescent reproductive health education. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1004.
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Young people in Kenya have limited knowledge of reproductive health (RH) and face many challenges in their transition to adulthood. Chief among these challenges is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among adults and its increasing incidence among rural youth. In 1999, FRONTIERS initiated a three-year project in Kenya to test the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of interventions to improve adolescent RH. The project, implemented jointly with the Kenyan government and the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), was part of a four-country study that examined ways to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. The study took place in six rural communities in Kenya’s Western Province. Two sites received community and health interventions. Two additional sites also received a third school-based intervention, in which teachers, peer educators, and guidance counselors were trained to teach a “life skills curriculum” that included modules on RH, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS. Two control sites received the prevailing government services. As noted in this brief, community, health, and school interventions in rural Kenya increased understanding and discussion of adolescent RH, including prevention of HIV/AIDS, and encouraged safer sexual behavior among young people.
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he Lion, the Leopard, the Hyena and the Fox: Pastoralist Researchers on the Uganda/Kenya Border. Institute of Development Studies, maj 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.014.
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We are continuing from our previous book, One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: Pastoralist Researchers on the Uganda/Kenya Border. That book showed the insecurity in Karamoja and Turkana in 2023. When we showed the first book to the government officials in Karamoja and Kam pala, they said, it’s a very nice thing. When we gave it to the Turkana County Government and Members of Parlia ment, they also complimented it. In the face of the problems, pastoralist leaders have decided a new strategy. This second book records what we learned from May 2023 to March 2024. For instance, a new Brigade Commander was appointed to Kotido. He had sittings with young people. He came among them, not like any other soldier to be feared. He found people, he sat, he shared. Even the warriors who feared the army were willing to meet him. In this book we characterise governments, security forces, raiders and thieves as animals who live among us. When we are living with lions, leopards, hyenas, and foxes in the bush, we get to know them and how they live. Then we assess ourselves. Are we the ones that are confusing the animals and causing any of them to act dangerously? It is as if we have been trying to attack these animals, but they have escaped us. We look at our own skills, strengths, and weaknesses. What energy do we have? It is not an easy thing to move from here. We must find ways to coax these animals to bring them to good relations with us.