Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Coulombic electromagnetic forces”
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1
Bowen, N. L. "The Electromagnetic Considerations of the Nuclear Force". Advanced Electromagnetics 6, nr 4 (14.11.2017): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v6i4.665.
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This paper explores how the electromagnetic energies of the quarks within the nucleus affect the behavior of the nuclear force. By examining the electromagnetic energies and forces, many questions about nuclear behavior can be answered and many insights into the nucleus can be gained. Previous theoretical models for the nuclear force include only the Coulomb electric forces, but with a disregard of the electromagnetic characteristics of the quarks. By incorporating the electromagnetic energies and forces into nuclear theory, this model has been able to achieve predictions of binding energy better than any previous model, doing so by using only one variable instead of five. This model also directly unifies the nuclear force to the electromagnetic force.
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Calabrese, Allegra, Djamal Gacemi, Mathieu Jeannin, Stéphan Suffit, Angela Vasanelli, Carlo Sirtori i Yanko Todorov. "Coulomb forces in THz electromechanical meta-atoms". Nanophotonics 8, nr 12 (25.10.2019): 2269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0314.
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AbstractThanks to their large sensitivity to electromagnetic fields, microelectromechanical systems are becoming attractive for applications in the THz band (0.1–10 THz). However, up to date all THz electromechanical systems couple electromagnetic fields to mechanical motion only through photothermal dissipative forces: such mechanism allows for sensitive detection but prevents applications that require coherent transfer of information. In this work, we present a THz electromechanical meta-atom where the coupling between an electromagnetic mode and the displacement of a metallic micro-beam is substantially controlled by a conservative Coulomb force due to charge oscillations in the nanometric-size capacitive part of the meta-atom. We present experiments, performed at room temperature, which allow distinguishing and precisely quantifying the contributions of conservative and dissipative forces in the operation of our electromechanical resonator. Our analysis shows that the Coulomb force becomes the dominant contribution of the total driving force for high-order mechanical modes. Such system paves the way for the realization of coherent THz to optical transducers and allows the realization of fundamental optomechanical systems in the THz frequency range.
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Shiratani, Masaharu, Masahiro Soejima, Hyun Woong Seo, Naho Itagaki i Kazunori Koga. "Fluctuation of Position and Energy of a Fine Particle in Plasma Nanofabrication". Materials Science Forum 879 (listopad 2016): 1772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1772.
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We are developing plasma nanofabrication, namely, nanoand micro scale guided assembly using plasmas. We manipulate nanoand micro objects using electrostatic, electromagnetic, ion drag, neutral drag, and optical forces. The accuracy of positioning the objects depends on fluctuation of position and energy of a fine particle (= each object) in plasmas. Here we evaluate such fluctuations and discuss the mechanism behind them. In the first experiment, we grabbed a fine particle in plasma using an optical tweezers. The fine particle moves in a potential well made by the optical tweezers. This is a kind of Brownian motion and the position fluctuation can be caused by neutral molecule collisions, ion collisions, and fluctuation of electrostatic force. Among theses possible causes, fluctuation of electrostatic force may be main one. In the second experiment, we deduced interaction potential between two fine particles during their Coulomb collision. We found that there exist repulsive and attractive forces between them. The repulsive force is a screened Coulomb one, whereas the attractive force is likely a force due to a shadow effect, a non-collective attractive force. Moreover, we noted that there is a fluctuation of the potential, probably due to fluctuation of electrostatic force. These position and potential energy fluctuations may limit the accuracy of guided assembly using plasmas.
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Burns, Joseph A. "Physical Processes on Circumplanetary Dust". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 126 (1991): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100067099.
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AbstractThe life cycles of grains in circumplanetary space are governed by various physical processes that alter sizes and modify orbits. Lifetimes are quite short, perhaps 102-104years for typical circumplanetary grains of 1 micron radius. Thus particles must be continually supplied to the circumplanetary complex, probably by the grinding down of larger parent bodies in collisions. Dust is eroded gradually through sublimation and through sputtering by the magnetospheric plasma but also is catastrophically destroyed through hypervelocity impacts with interplanetary micrometeoroids. Orbits evolve through momentum transfer (light drag, plasma or Coulomb drag, and atmospheric drag), and through resonant gravitational and electromagnetic forces. Plasma drag is generally the most effective evolution mechanism, with the possible exceptions of exospheric drag at Uranus and of electromagnetic schemes for some conditions. Since grains become charged (with typical electric potentials of a few volts), they undergo associated orbital perturbations: variable electromagnetic forces can cause the systematic drain of energy (orbital collapse) or, at specific (resonant) orbital locations can force large orbital inclinations/eccentricities. Solar radiation induces a periodic orbital eccentricity that can reach substantial values for 1 micron particles distant from the giant planets.
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Popov, Igor. "On electromagnetic radiation of individual charges". Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences, nr 2 (21.07.2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-7-13.
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The aim of the study is to establish the conditions for synchrotron radiation based on significant differences between tangential and centripetal accelerations of electric charges. From the fact that electromagnetic radiation carries away energy, it follows that the energy of the radiating system changes during radiation. Related to this is the following well-known rule: a change in energy is equal to work done. Three relevant theorems are proved. Theorem 1 states that a tangentially accelerated electric charge emits electromagnetic waves. Theorem 2 states that a normally accelerated electric charge does not emit electromagnetic waves. It is a well-known circumstance that the centripetal force does not perform work (since the scalar product of orthogonal vectors must be equal to zero). The proofs of Theorems 1 and 2 are performed in terms of forces. For electric charges, the transition to the terms of accelerations is carried out in accordance with Theorem 3which states that an electric charge satisfies Newton's second law. The tangential acceleration of an electric charge leads to the emission of electromagnetic waves. Generalization of the phenomenon of radiation to acceleration in general, including. normal charge acceleration, is false. The cause of synchrotron radiation should be sought in the tangential acceleration due to Coulomb interactions between the beam charges.
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Dodig, Hrvoje. "Direct Derivation of Liénard–Wiechert Potentials, Maxwell’s Equations and Lorentz Force from Coulomb’s Law". Mathematics 9, nr 3 (26.01.2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9030237.
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In this paper, the solution to long standing problem of deriving Maxwell’s equations and Lorentz force from first principles, i.e., from Coulomb’s law, is presented. This problem was studied by many authors throughout history but it was never satisfactorily solved, and it was never solved for charges in arbitrary motion. In this paper, relativistically correct Liénard–Wiechert potentials for charges in arbitrary motion and Maxwell equations are both derived directly from Coulomb’s law by careful mathematical analysis of the moment just before the charge in motion stops. In the second part of this paper, the electrodynamic energy conservation principle is derived directly from Coulomb’s law by using similar approach. From this energy conservation principle the Lorentz force is derived. To make these derivations possible, the generalized Helmholtz theorem was derived along with two novel vector identities. The special relativity was not used in our derivations, and the results show that electromagnetism as a whole is not the consequence of special relativity, but it is rather the consequence of time retardation.
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Temmen, Hubert, i Paola Caracciolo. "The Electrolytic Actuator-An Effect Dominated by Dissipative Currents". Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (kwiecień 2009): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.311.
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For a conductive, elastic matter in thermodynamic equilibrium the LORENTZ force, which includes the COULOMB force for charged systems, is the only macroscopic interaction between the electromagnetic field and the matter. If irreversible currents such as diffusion and ionic currents are observed, these currents and their coupling can dominate the behaviour. Then, to describe that system it is necessary to start with a macroscopic description, which remains valid outside of the equilibrium. A macroscopic description of these currents is used to deduce a very simple model for an electrolytic actuator.
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BASTRUKOV, SERGEY, i PIK-YIN LAI. "ON THE SURFACE GYROMAGNETIC PLASMONS IN A METAL SPHERE". Surface Review and Letters 13, nr 01 (luty 2006): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x06007937.
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It is argued that in the long wavelength limit of electromagnetic, far infrared, field optical response of an ultrafine metal particle threaded by uniform magnetic field can be properly modeled by equations of semiclassical electron theory in terms of the surface inertial-wave-like oscillations of free electrons driven by Lorentz restoring force. The detailed calculation of the frequency of size-independent gyromagnetic plasmon resonances computed as a function of multipole degree of electron cyclotron oscillations is presented. This spectrum is derived in juxtaposition with the canonical Mie's spectral formula for the surface plasmon resonances caused by the Coulomb-force-driven plasma oscillations of conduction electrons.
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ICHINOSE, WATARU. "ON THE FEYNMAN PATH INTEGRAL FOR NONRELATIVISTIC QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS". Reviews in Mathematical Physics 22, nr 05 (czerwiec 2010): 549–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x1000403x.
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The Feynman path integral for regularized nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics is studied rigorously. We begin with the Lagrangian function of the corresponding classical mechanics and construct the Feynman path integral. In the present paper, the electromagnetic potentials are assumed to be periodic with respect to a large box and quantized through their Fourier coefficients with large wave numbers cut off. Firstly, the Feynman path integral with respect to paths on the space of particles and vector potentials is defined rigorously by means of broken line paths under the constraints. Secondly, the Feynman path integral with respect to paths on the space of particles and electromagnetic potentials is also defined rigorously by means of broken line paths and piecewise constant paths without the constraints. This Feynman path integral is stated heuristically in Feynman and Hibbs' book. Thirdly, the vacuum and the state of photons of given momenta and polarizations are expressed concretely as functions of variables consisting of the Fourier coefficients of vector potentials. It is also proved rigorously in terms of distribution theory that the Coulomb potentials between charged particles naturally appear in the above Feynman path integral approach. This shows that the photons give rise to the Coulomb force.
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Trzetrzelewski, Maciej. "On the Equivalence Principle and Relativistic Quantum Mechanics". Foundations of Physics 50, nr 11 (6.10.2020): 1253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-020-00388-8.
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AbstractEinstein’s Equivalence Principle implies that the Lorentz force equation can be derived from a geodesic equation by imposing a certain (necessary) condition on the electromagnetic potential (Trzetrzelewski, EPL 120:4, 2018). We analyze the quantization of that constraint and find the corresponding differential equations for the phase of the wave function. We investigate these equations in the case of Coulomb potential and show that physically acceptable solutions do not exist. This result signals an inconsistency between Einstein’s Equivalence Principle and Relativistic Quantum Mechanics at an atomic level.
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Lieb, Elliott H., i Michael Loss. "The Thermodynamic Limit for Matter Interacting with Coulomb Forces and with the Quantized Electromagnetic Field: I. The Lower Bound". Communications in Mathematical Physics 258, nr 3 (2.06.2005): 675–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-005-1365-y.
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Kowalski, Marian. "The quantum and electromagnetic process of photon emission by the hydrogen atom". Physics Essays 34, nr 2 (7.06.2021): 116–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-34.2.116.
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Light emitted from atoms during transitions of electrons from higher to lower discrete states has the form of photons carrying energy and angular momentum. This paper considers the process of emission of a single photon from the hydrogen atom by using quantum theory and Maxwell's equations [W. Gough, Eur. J. Phys. 17, 208, 1996; L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965); J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (John Wiley & Son, New York, 1975, 1982); P. M. Morse and H. Feshbach, Methods of Theoretical Physics (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1953)]. The electric and magnetic fields of a photon arise from the time-dependent quantum probability densities of the orbit and the spin current. This paper is an extension of the semiclassical description of photon emission published by the author earlier in 1999 [M. Kowalski, Phys. Essays 12, 312 (1999)]. In the semiclassical approach, the Coulomb force and a radiation resistance force have been taken into account to get time-dependent emission of the photon. In both the quantum and semiclassical cases, the transition takes place within a time interval equal to one period of the photon's wave. The creation of a one-wavelength-long photon is supported by the results of experiments using ultrafast (ultrashort) laser pulses to generate excited atoms, which emit light pulses shorter than two photon wavelengths [F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 163 (2009); H. Kapteyn and M. Murnane, Phys. World 12, 31 (1999)].
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Vejella, Sujitha, i Sazzadur Chowdhury. "A MEMS Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Power Sensor with a Fe-Co-B Core Planar Inductor and a Vibrating Diaphragm Capacitor". Sensors 21, nr 11 (3.06.2021): 3858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113858.
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The design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) ultra-wideband (UWB) RMS power sensor is presented. The sensor incorporates a microfabricated Fe-Co-B core planar inductor and a microfabricated vibrating diaphragm variable capacitor on adhesively bonded glass wafers in a footprint area of 970 × 970 µm2 to operate in the 3.1–10.6 GHz UWB frequency range. When exposed to a far-field UWB electromagnetic radiation, the planar inductor acts as a loop antenna to generate a frequency-independent voltage across the MEMS capacitor. The voltage generates a coulombic attraction force between the diaphragm and backplate that deforms the diaphragm to change the capacitance. The frequency-independent capacitance change is sensed using a transimpedance amplifier to generate an output voltage. The sensor exhibits a linear capacitance change induced voltage relation and a calculated sensitivity of 4.5 aF/0.8 µA/m. The sensor can be used as a standalone UWB power sensor or as a 2D array for microwave-based biomedical diagnostic imaging applications or for non-contact material characterization. The device can easily be tailored for power sensing in other application areas such as, 5G, WiFi, and Internet-of-Things (IoT). The foreseen fabrication technique can rely on standard readily available microfabrication techniques.
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Dmitriyev, Valery. "Mechanical model of the Lorentz force and Coulomb interaction". Open Physics 6, nr 3 (1.01.2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11534-008-0052-y.
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AbstractThe centripetal and Coriolis accelerations experienced by a cart traveling over a rotating turntable are usually calculated proceeding from the known kinematics of the problem. Respective forces can be regarded as due to the entrainment of the cart in the moving solid environs. We extend the approach to the general case of a particle entrained in the flow of the surrounding medium. The expression for the driving force on the particle obtained from the kinematics of the entrainment prescribed appears to be isomorphic to the Lorentz and Coulomb force on a positive electric charge. The inverse direction of the electromagnetic force on a negative charge implies that a growing applied flow induces the upstream motion of the particle. A possible microscopic mechanism for it may be the Magnus force dynamics of a kink in a vortex tangle. The loop on a straight vortex filament can be taken as a model of the electron, the loop with a cavitation models the positron. The Lorentz force is concerned with the Coriolis acceleration. The Coulomb interaction is due to the centripetal or centrifugal force that arises in the turbophoresis of the kink in the perturbation field generated in the medium by the center of pressure.
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Wang, Ling Jun. "Ether Dynamics and Unification of Gravitational and Electromagnetic forces". Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 14.12.2020, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol20is13pg1.
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Recently we have presented a theory of unification of gravitational and electromagnetic fields based on the generalization of Newton’s law to include a dynamic term similar to the Lorentz force of electrodynamics[1]. The unification is convincing. The generalization based on similarity of Newton’s law and Coulomb’s law, however, is speculative although reasonable and compelling. In this article, we have presented a derivation of the dynamic term of gravitation based on our newly proposed ether dynamics, which removes the speculative nature of dynamic term and perfects the unification theory. It turns out that the gravitational interaction is transmitted through the space medium ether. An object in ether is in direct contact with the ether, causing it to move like a highly viscous and incompressible fluid. The movement of ether propagates thorough space like a continuous medium, exerting a force on any object in ether.
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Wang, Ling Jun. "Ether Dynamics and Unification of Gravitational and Electromagnetic forces". Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 14.12.2020, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol20is13pg1.
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Recently we have presented a theory of unification of gravitational and electromagnetic fields based on the generalization of Newton’s law to include a dynamic term similar to the Lorentz force of electrodynamics[1]. The unification is convincing. The generalization based on similarity of Newton’s law and Coulomb’s law, however, is speculative although reasonable and compelling. In this article, we have presented a derivation of the dynamic term of gravitation based on our newly proposed ether dynamics, which removes the speculative nature of dynamic term and perfects the unification theory. It turns out that the gravitational interaction is transmitted through the space medium ether. An object in ether is in direct contact with the ether, causing it to move like a highly viscous and incompressible fluid. The movement of ether propagates thorough space like a continuous medium, exerting a force on any object in ether.
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Wang, Yun-Che, Jing-Wen Chen, Lun-De Liao, Hong-Chang Lin i Chi-Chuan Hwang. "Relativistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Laser Ablation Process on the Xenon Solid". Journal of Heat Transfer 131, nr 3 (27.01.2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3056607.
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The phenomena of Coulomb explosion require the consideration of special relativity due to the involvement of high energy electrons or ions. It is known that laser ablation processes at high laser intensities may lead to the Coulomb explosion, and their released energy is in the regime of kEV to MeV. In contrast to conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we adopt the three-dimensional relativistic molecular dynamics (RMD) method to consider the effects of special relativity in the conventional MD simulation for charged particles in strong electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, we develop a Coulomb force scheme, combined with the Lennard-Jones potential, to calculate interactions between charged particles, and adopt a Verlet list scheme to compute the interactions between each particle. The energy transfer from the laser pulses to the solid surface is not directly simulated. Instead, we directly assign ion charges to the surface atoms that are illuminated by the laser. By introducing the Coulomb potential into the Lennard-Jones potential, we are able to mimic the laser energy being dumped into the xenon (Xe) solid, and track the motion of each Xe atom. In other words, the laser intensity is simulated by using the repulsive forces from the Coulomb potential. Both nonrelativistic and relativistic simulations are performed, and the RMD method provides more realistic results, in particular, when high-intensity laser is used. In addition, it is found that the damage depth does not increase with repeated laser ablation when the pulse frequency is comparable to the duration of the pulse. Furthermore, we report the time evolution of energy propagation in space in the laser ablation process. The temporal-spatial distribution of energy indirectly indicates the temperature evolution on the surface of the Xe solid under intense laser illumination.
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Jonson, Jan Olof. "The Use of Finite Differences on Electric Currents Gives Credit to Coulomb‟s Law as Causing Electromagnetic Forces, thereby Explaining Electromagnetic Induction". International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, 2013, 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2013.v3.301.
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Witała, H., R. Skibiński, J. Golak i W. Glöckle. "Momentum space 3N Faddeev calculations of hadronic and electromagnetic reactions with proton-proton Coulomb and three-nucleon forces included". European Physical Journal A 47, nr 3 (marzec 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2011-11030-7.
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Berhulov, Anton. "MAGNETIC AEROSPACE ENGINE (FULL VERSION)". International scientific journal "Internauka", nr 1(101) (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25313/2520-2057-2021-1-6839.
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Subject of interstellar flights remains actual taking into account limitedness of the terrestrial resources, overpopulation of the planet, and demographic, sociopolitical and ecological problems at the planet. A constructive solution is submitted of the construction of a spacecraft moving with acceleration resting upon electromagnetic fields of the Solar system and the Galaxy. Calculation of the current intensity within the circuit and charge value at the object's useful surface necessary for the achievement of acceleration equal to 1g at arbitrary direction in the space is conducted. A method of levitation in magnetic fields of planets (superposition of magnetic fields of a star and a planet) and interplanetary space (superposition of magnetic fields of galaxies) without using the Coulomb force is proposed.
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Schuler, Michael, Daniele De Bernardis, Andreas Läuchli i Peter Rabl. "The vacua of dipolar cavity quantum electrodynamics". SciPost Physics 9, nr 5 (9.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphys.9.5.066.
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The structure of solids and their phases is mainly determined by static Coulomb forces while the coupling of charges to the dynamical, i.e., quantized degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field plays only a secondary role. Recently, it has been speculated that this general rule can be overcome in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), where the coupling of dipoles to a single field mode can be dramatically enhanced. Here we present a first exact analysis of the ground states of a dipolar cavity QED system in the non-perturbative coupling regime, where electrostatic and dynamical interactions play an equally important role. Specifically, we show how strong and long-range vacuum fluctuations modify the states of dipolar matter and induce novel phases with unusual properties. Beyond a purely fundamental interest, these general mechanisms can be important for potential applications, ranging from cavity-assisted chemistry to quantum technologies based on ultrastrongly coupled circuit QED systems.