Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Cotton leaf curl virus

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Cotton leaf curl virus”

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Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 27 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Cotton leaf curl virus"

1

Briddon, R. W., i P. G. Markham. "Cotton leaf curl virus disease". Virus Research 71, nr 1-2 (listopad 2000): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00195-7.

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Pan, Li-Long, Xi-Yun Cui, Qun-Fang Chen, Xiao-Wei Wang i Shu-Sheng Liu. "Cotton Leaf Curl Disease: Which Whitefly Is the Vector?" Phytopathology® 108, nr 10 (październik 2018): 1172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-18-0015-r.

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Cotton leaf curl disease is one of the most significant constraints to the production of cotton. In the past decades our understanding of the begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) causing the disease has improved, but little is known regarding transmission of these viruses by the different species of whiteflies in the Bemisia tabaci complex. We compared transmission efficiency of cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), one of the major begomoviruses associated with cotton leaf curl disease, by four whitefly species, of which two are indigenous to Asia and two are invasive worldwide. Only the indigenous Asia II 1 species was able to transmit this virus with high efficiency. By quantifying the virus and using immunoflorescence assays, we found that the differential transmission was associated with the varying efficiency of CLCuMuV to cross the midgut of various whitefly species. Further, we verified the role of coat protein in the whitefly transmission of CLCuMuV. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the virus coat proteins, we found that most begomoviruses associated with cotton leaf curl disease might share similar whitefly transmission characteristics. These findings advance our understanding of the nature of cotton leaf curl disease and provide information for the development of control and preventive strategies against this disease.
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Khan A, I., M. Hussain, S. Rauf i M. Khan T. "Inheritance of resistance to Cotton leaf curl virus in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)". Plant Protection Science 43, No. 1 (7.01.2008): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2347-pps.

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Resistance to <i>Cotton leaf curl virus</i> (CLCuV) in three cultivars of cotton was investigated in crosses with a susceptible cultivar using generation mean analysis. No single gene of major effect controlled resistance to Cotton leaf curl virus in the three crosses. The mean number of effective factors controlling resistance in cross LRA-5166 &times; S-12 was estimated to be at least five. Estimates of broad and narrow sense heritability indicate that effects by the environment were larger than those of genetic components. Epistasis was significant in two crosses. Additive gene effects contributed more to resistance than to susceptibility in contrast with dominance gene effect. Reciprocal differences were detected in the cross with LRA-5166. Estimates of genetic gain ranged form low to moderate. Thus, a breeding method that makes use of additive variance should be used because much of the variances for resistance are additive, whereas dominance effects, at least in these crosses, tended to contribute to susceptibility.
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Akhter, Fizza, i Muhammad Tahir. "Cloning and Partial Characterization of Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus From Khanewal". NUST Journal of Natural Sciences 3, nr 1 (7.02.2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53992/njns.v3i1.24.

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Begomoviruses are a serious threat to cotton production throughout the world. In Pakistan, enormous crop losses occur as a result of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by begomoviruses. Molecular characterization of begomoviruses has made possible the identification and analysis of begomoviruses prevalent in a host plant. Infected cotton leaf sample (C-59) was obtained from area around Khanewal during 2011. The total DNA was isolated from the infected sample by Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. An expected size band of approximately 1100bp, covering coat protein region of the virus, was amplified using universal primers. The amplified product was T/A cloned and sequenced to its entirety. DNA sequence showed 99% nucleotide sequence identity to each of Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus ((CLCuBuV; Accession No HF549Begomoviruses are a serious threat to cotton production throughout the world. In Pakistan, enormous crop losses occur as a result of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by begomoviruses. Molecular characterization of begomoviruses has made possible the identification and analysis of begomoviruses prevalent in a host plant. Infected cotton leaf sample (C-59) was obtained from area around Khanewal during 2011. The total DNA was isolated from the infected sample by Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. An expected size band of approximately 1100bp, covering coat protein region of the virus, was amplified using universal primers. The amplified product was T/A cloned and sequenced to its entirety. DNA sequence showed 99% nucleotide sequence identity to each of Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus ((CLCuBuV; Accession No HF549184)) and Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKV; Accession No AJ002449)). Since CLCuBuV is a recombinant of CLCuKV and Cotton leaf curl Multan virus and the coat protein region of CLCuBuV was derived from CLCuKV that is most probable reason that the available sequence showed identity with CLCuBuV as well as CLCuKV. A complete characterization of full length virus will determine whether isolate C-59 is CLCuBuV or CLCuKV. Literature indicates that there is no existence of CLCuKV within the region and CLCuBuV is dominating within Indo-Pak184)) and Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKV; Accession No AJ002449)). Since CLCuBuV is a recombinant of CLCuKV and Cotton leaf curl Multan virus and the coat protein region of CLCuBuV was derived from CLCuKV that is most probable reason that the available sequence showed identity with CLCuBuV as well as CLCuKV. A complete characterization of full length virus will determine whether isolate C-59 is CLCuBuV or CLCuKV. Literature indicates that there is no existence of CLCuKV within the region and CLCuBuV is dominating within Indo-Pak
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5

Monga, Dilip. "Cotton leaf curl virus disease: an overview". Agricultural Research Journal 53, nr 4 (2016): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2016.00093.4.

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Saeed, Muhammad, Rob Briddon, Athanasios Dalakouras, Gabi Krczal i Michael Wassenegger. "Functional Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus/Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite RNA Silencing Suppressors". Biology 4, nr 4 (23.10.2015): 697–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology4040697.

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Yasmin, S., N. I. Raja, S. Hameed i J. K. Brown. "First Association of Pedilanthus leaf curl virus, Papaya leaf curl virus, Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus, and Papaya leaf curl betasatellite with Symptomatic Chilli Pepper in Pakistan". Plant Disease 101, nr 12 (grudzień 2017): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-17-0883-pdn.

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Hameed, U., M. Zia-Ur-Rehman, H. W. Herrmann, M. S. Haider i J. K. Brown. "First Report of Okra enation leaf curl virus and Associated Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite and Cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite Infecting Cotton in Pakistan: A New Member of the Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Complex". Plant Disease 98, nr 10 (październik 2014): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0345-pdn.

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important and widely cultivated crop in Pakistan, upon which many rely for economic security. Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is caused by a complex comprising of more than eight species in the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) with associated betasatellite and alphasatellites. During 2011, characteristic symptoms of leaf curl disease were widespread (>40%), and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) vector of the leaf curl complex was abundant in commercial cotton fields in Burewala, Pakistan. Symptoms included vein thickening, upward or downward leaf curling, and foliar enations. To test for the presence of a begomovirus(es), total DNA was extracted from 100 mg of symptomatic leaf tissues from five different plants (isolates CLCuDBur1 to 5) using the CTAB method (1). Total DNA extracts were used for rolling circle amplification (RCA) using TempliPhi DNA Amplification Kit (GE Healthcare). Of the five field isolates, the RCA product for only one, CLCuDBur3, digested with HindIII, produced an apparently full-length ~2.7 kb fragment, suggesting that CLCuD-Bur3 represented a distinct isolate. The 2.7-kb fragment was cloned into the plasmid vector pGEM-3Zf+ (Promega, Madison, WI). To test for the presence of associated alphasatellites and betasatellites, the PCR primers, AlphaF/R and BetaF/R (2), were used to amplify the putative 1.4-kbp molecules. The resultant 1.4-kb PCR products were ligated into the pGEMT-Easy vector and cloned. Cloned inserts for each were subjected to DNA sequencing, bidirectionally. The cloned monopartite, helper begomovirus genome (HF567945), one betasatellite (HF567946), and one alphasatellite (HF567947) sequences were determined and found to be 2,742, 1,358, and 1,376 bases long, respectively. Pairwise sequence comparisons were carried out for each using the 10 most closely related species or strains (identified in GenBank using BLASTn) using MEGA5 software. The CLCuDBur3 genome sequence shared its highest identity (99.6%) with Okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV) (KC019308), so CLCuDBur3 is a variant of OELCuV, a begomovirus reported previously from Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) (okra) plants in India. The betasatellite and alphasatellite shared their highest nt identity at 96 and 98.7% with Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) (AM774311) and Cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMA), respectively (misnamed as CLCuBuA in GenBank) (FN658728). Additionally, the HindIII-digested RCA products were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization using a DIG-labeled DNA probe specific for the intergenic region of either Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV) or OELCuV. The OELCuV, but not the CLCuBuV, probe hybridized with HindIII digested RCA products (CLCuDBur3 genome), confirming the presence of OELCuV and the absence of CLCuBuV, the latter being the most prevalent begomovirus species infecting cotton in Pakistan. This is the first report of OELCuV infecting cotton plants in Pakistan, underscoring the discovery of yet another begomovirus member of the CLCuD complex. Further, the possible co-infection of cotton by OELCuV and other recognized species of the CLCuD complex could facilitate further diversification (potentially, through recombination) and lead to the emergence of new variants with the potential to cause damage to the cotton crop in Pakistan. References: (1) J. J. Doyle and J. L. Doyle. Focus. 12:13, 1990. (2) M. Zia-Ur-Rehman et al. Plant Dis. 97:1122, 2013.
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Akbar, Fazal, Rob W. Briddon, Franck Vazquez i Muhammad Saeed. "Transcript mapping of Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus and its cognate betasatellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite". Virology Journal 9, nr 1 (2012): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-9-249.

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Cai, J. H., K. Xie, L. Lin, B. X. Qin, B. S. Chen, J. R. Meng i Y. L. Liu. "Cotton leaf curl Multan virus newly reported to be associated with cotton leaf curl disease in China". Plant Pathology 59, nr 4 (1.07.2010): 794–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02266.x.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Cotton leaf curl virus"

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Nadeem, Athar, Zhongguo Xiong i Merritt Nelson. "Cotton Leaf Curl Virus, A Threat to Arizona Cotton?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210328.

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A serious virus disease of cotton in Pakistan is distantly related to cotton leaf crumple in Arizona. It is much more destructive on cotton than leaf crumple, and has never been found in the western hemisphere. Cotton leaf crumple in Arizona causes only modestly damaging midseason infections, while leaf curl, has had a major impact on the crop in Pakistan. Modern transportation and the increasing movement of living plants in global trade has resulted in them recent introduction of a similar disease of another crop to the western hemisphere.
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Ahmad, Aftab, Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman, Usman Hameed, Rao Abdul Qayyum, Ammara Ahad, Aneela Yasmeen, Faheem Akram i in. "Engineered Disease Resistance in Cotton Using RNA-Interference to Knock down Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala and Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite Expression". MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626109.

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Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) is caused by a suite of whitefly-transmitted begomovirus species and strains, resulting in extensive losses annually in India and Pakistan. RNA-interference (RNAi) is a proven technology used for knockdown of gene expression in higher organisms and viruses. In this study, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) construct was designed to target the AC1 gene of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bu) and the beta C1 gene and satellite conserved region of the Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). The AC1 gene and CLCuMB coding and non-coding regions function in replication initiation and suppression of the plant host defense pathway, respectively. The construct, V b, was transformed into cotton plants using the Agrobacterium-mediated embryo shoot apex cut method. Results from fluorescence in situ hybridization and karyotyping assays indicated that six of the 11 T-1 plants harbored a single copy of the V beta transgene. Transgenic cotton plants and non-transgenic (susceptible) test plants included as the positive control were challenge-inoculated using the viruliferous whitefly vector to transmit the CLCuKoV-Bu/ CLCuMB complex. Among the test plants, plant V beta-6 was asymptomatic, had the lowest amount of detectable virus, and harbored a single copy of the transgene on chromosome six. Absence of characteristic leaf curl symptom development in transgenic V beta-6 cotton plants, and significantly reduced begomoviral-betasatellite accumulation based on real-time polymerase chain reaction, indicated the successful knockdown of CLCuKoV-Bu and CLCuMB expression, resulting in leaf curl resistant plants.
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Mansoor, Shahid. "Cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan : molecular characterisation, diagnostics, and genetically engineered virus resistance". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302196.

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Wilson, F. Douglas, Judith K. Brown i G. D. Jr Butler. "Natural Resistance of Cotton to Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204556.

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Cultivars and germplasm lines of cotton, Gossvpium hirsutum L., differed in response to infection by the cotton leaf crumple virus (CLCV). The most widely grown cultivars in Arizona and southern California, 'Deltapine 90' and 'Deltapine 61', are susceptible, while ' Cedix', developed in El Salvador, and 'Coral', developed in Nicaragua, are highly resistant or immune. Nineteen other lines from a resistance breeding project in Nicaragua showed highly variable responses.
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Behjatnia, Seyyed Ali Akbar. "Characterisation of DNA replication of tomato leaf curl geminivirus /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ACP/09acpb419.pdf.

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Brown, J. K., i M. R. Nelson. "Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus, A Whitefly-Transmitted Geminivirus Cotton in Arizona". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204079.

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Dang, Thi Van. "Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance in Solanum lycopersicum through transgenic approaches". Hannover Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1003999433/34.

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Williams, Brett Robert. "Development of a novel rep-inducible tomato leaf curl virus expression system". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16539/1/Brett_Williams_Thesis.pdf.

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Pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) strategies, particularly those based on post-transcriptional gene silencing, have been used with great success for the generation of transgenic plants with resistance to RNA viruses. In contrast, a suitable strategy for transgenic resistance to ssDNA plant viruses, including those viruses belonging to the Geminiviridae, has remained elusive. Further, there is no convincing evidence that either post-transcriptional gene silencing, or pathogen-derived resistance in general, would be broadly applicable to ssDNA plant viruses. Researchers at QUT have been developing a novel resistance strategy against ssDNA viruses based on virus-activated expression of a stably integrated suicide gene. The strategy, based on InPAct (In Plant Activation) technology, relies on a "split" suicide gene cassette being arranged in such a way that expression of a lethal ribonuclease (barnase) is dependent on the virus-encoded replication-associated protein (Rep). Upon infection, Rep mediates the release of the construct resulting in the reconstitution of a transcribable and translatable episomal suicide gene expression cassette. The research for this PhD describes the development of an InPAct vector designed to confer resistance to Tomato leaf curl begomovirus (ToLCV), a major cause of disease in Solanaceous crops in the tropics and subtropics. ToLCV-based InPAct vectors were constructed based upon two ToLCV isolates from Australia and North Vietnam. Prior to the generation of InPAct cassettes, the entire ToLCV-[Au] and ToLCV-Vie intergenic regions (IRs) were embedded within the castorbean catalase intron of a β-glucuronidase expression vector to determine the effect of the IR upon transcript processing. Using transient reporter gene assays in tobacco NT-1 cells, it was demonstrated that the ToLCV IRs both contained cryptic intron splice sites which interfered with efficient transcript processing and GUS expression. A series of truncations to the IRs were subsequently made to identify the potential cryptic intron splice sites and/or interfering sequences in both the ToLCV-[Au] and ToLCV-Vie IRs. The final truncated IRs, which were used in the construction the InPAct cassettes, comprised approximately 100 bp and appeared to contain all the necessary cis-acting elements required for efficient rolling circle replication (RCR). Using histochemical GUS assays and Southern analyses, the InPAct cassettes were shown to be activated and replicated only in the presence of the cognate viral Rep. GUS expression levels were shown to be further enhanced in the presence of the ToLCV replication-enhancer protein (REn) and by the addition of the Tobacco yellow dwarf mastrevirus origin of second strand synthesis into the cassette. Under these conditions, Rep-activated GUS expression from the InPAct vectors was found to reach levels similar to that of the benchmark CaMV 35S promoter. Fifteen independent transgenic lines containing the ToLCV-[Au] and -Vie InPAct-GUS cassettes were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. Using agroinfiltration and histochemical assays, Rep-mediated activation of the InPAct cassettes and subsequent GUS expression was demonstrated in 11 out of the 15 lines tested; six of which showed expression levels equivalent to, or higher than, that obtained using a CaMV 35S promoter control. Evidence for activation of the integrated InPAct cassettes at the molecular level was provided by Southern analyses, with showed both linear and open circular forms of the replicating InPAct episome in genomic DNA extracted from infiltrated leaf tissue. Following the demonstration of Rep-activatable reporter gene expression and episomal replication of the ToLCV-based InPAct-GUS vectors using transient and stable tobacco transformation assays, new ToLCV-based InPAct vectors were designed to express the lethal RNase, barnase, in an attempt to generate virus resistant plants. Although transient assays in NT-1 cells demonstrated some "leaky" expression of barnase from the InPAct vectors, the level of barnase-mediated cell death from the InPAct vectors was found to be significantly increased in the presence of the cognate Rep and REn. Thirteen independently transformed tobacco lines containing the ToLCV-[Au] InPAct-barnase cassette were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. However, agroinfiltration of these plants with ToLCV Rep and REn failed to activate a barnase response. Subsequent molecular analyses on two transgenic lines revealed that both contained mutations in the barnase-coding gene in a region known to encode the active site. These mutations were presumed to result from the leaky barnase expression during initial stages of the Agrobacterium transformation which would favour the selection of barnase mutant InPAct plants. To overcome the problems associated with leaky expression of barnase, a barstar-expression cassette was included in the ToLCV-[Au] InPAct-barnase cassette. Transient assays in non-transgenic tobacco leaves demonstrated that the basal levels of barstar expressed from the modified InPAct vector were sufficient to negate the effects of leaky barnase expression. Importantly, however, the level of barnase expression in the presence of Rep and REn was shown to be sufficient to overcome the basal levels of barstar. Seventeen independently transformed lines were generated with the ToLCV-[Au] InPAct-barnase/barstar cassette, and analysis of one line revealed the presence of an uncorrupted barnase-coding region. Using transient agroinfiltration assays, seven of the transgenic lines showed varying levels of cognate Rep and REn-activated, barnase-induced cell death. Fifteen transgenic lines were challenged with ToLCV-[Au] by injection of recombinant Agrobacteria containing an infectious ToLCV clone. Unfortunately, all lines displayed typical ToLCV symptoms and tested positive for virus by PCR at 28 days post-inoculation. The inability of the InPAct cassette to confer resistance to ToLCV may have been due to one or a combination of factors, including (i) a delay in barnase-induced cell death, (ii) homology-dependent silencing of the integrated cassette, (iii) generally low-level, Rep-activated barnase expression or (iv) excessive virus load due to the artifical method of inoculation. This study details the first report of a ToLCV-based InPAct system for Rep-induced transgene expression in planta. Despite failing to generate ToLCV-resistant plants, the research findings will provide a solid foundation to develop a more effective InPAct vector and ultimately assist in the generation of transgenic plants with resistance to ToLCV and potentially other ssDNA plant viruses, particularly the begomoviruses.
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9

Williams, Brett Robert. "Development of a novel rep-inducible tomato leaf curl virus expression system". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16539/.

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Pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) strategies, particularly those based on post-transcriptional gene silencing, have been used with great success for the generation of transgenic plants with resistance to RNA viruses. In contrast, a suitable strategy for transgenic resistance to ssDNA plant viruses, including those viruses belonging to the Geminiviridae, has remained elusive. Further, there is no convincing evidence that either post-transcriptional gene silencing, or pathogen-derived resistance in general, would be broadly applicable to ssDNA plant viruses. Researchers at QUT have been developing a novel resistance strategy against ssDNA viruses based on virus-activated expression of a stably integrated suicide gene. The strategy, based on InPAct (In Plant Activation) technology, relies on a "split" suicide gene cassette being arranged in such a way that expression of a lethal ribonuclease (barnase) is dependent on the virus-encoded replication-associated protein (Rep). Upon infection, Rep mediates the release of the construct resulting in the reconstitution of a transcribable and translatable episomal suicide gene expression cassette. The research for this PhD describes the development of an InPAct vector designed to confer resistance to Tomato leaf curl begomovirus (ToLCV), a major cause of disease in Solanaceous crops in the tropics and subtropics. ToLCV-based InPAct vectors were constructed based upon two ToLCV isolates from Australia and North Vietnam. Prior to the generation of InPAct cassettes, the entire ToLCV-[Au] and ToLCV-Vie intergenic regions (IRs) were embedded within the castorbean catalase intron of a β-glucuronidase expression vector to determine the effect of the IR upon transcript processing. Using transient reporter gene assays in tobacco NT-1 cells, it was demonstrated that the ToLCV IRs both contained cryptic intron splice sites which interfered with efficient transcript processing and GUS expression. A series of truncations to the IRs were subsequently made to identify the potential cryptic intron splice sites and/or interfering sequences in both the ToLCV-[Au] and ToLCV-Vie IRs. The final truncated IRs, which were used in the construction the InPAct cassettes, comprised approximately 100 bp and appeared to contain all the necessary cis-acting elements required for efficient rolling circle replication (RCR). Using histochemical GUS assays and Southern analyses, the InPAct cassettes were shown to be activated and replicated only in the presence of the cognate viral Rep. GUS expression levels were shown to be further enhanced in the presence of the ToLCV replication-enhancer protein (REn) and by the addition of the Tobacco yellow dwarf mastrevirus origin of second strand synthesis into the cassette. Under these conditions, Rep-activated GUS expression from the InPAct vectors was found to reach levels similar to that of the benchmark CaMV 35S promoter. Fifteen independent transgenic lines containing the ToLCV-[Au] and -Vie InPAct-GUS cassettes were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. Using agroinfiltration and histochemical assays, Rep-mediated activation of the InPAct cassettes and subsequent GUS expression was demonstrated in 11 out of the 15 lines tested; six of which showed expression levels equivalent to, or higher than, that obtained using a CaMV 35S promoter control. Evidence for activation of the integrated InPAct cassettes at the molecular level was provided by Southern analyses, with showed both linear and open circular forms of the replicating InPAct episome in genomic DNA extracted from infiltrated leaf tissue. Following the demonstration of Rep-activatable reporter gene expression and episomal replication of the ToLCV-based InPAct-GUS vectors using transient and stable tobacco transformation assays, new ToLCV-based InPAct vectors were designed to express the lethal RNase, barnase, in an attempt to generate virus resistant plants. Although transient assays in NT-1 cells demonstrated some "leaky" expression of barnase from the InPAct vectors, the level of barnase-mediated cell death from the InPAct vectors was found to be significantly increased in the presence of the cognate Rep and REn. Thirteen independently transformed tobacco lines containing the ToLCV-[Au] InPAct-barnase cassette were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. However, agroinfiltration of these plants with ToLCV Rep and REn failed to activate a barnase response. Subsequent molecular analyses on two transgenic lines revealed that both contained mutations in the barnase-coding gene in a region known to encode the active site. These mutations were presumed to result from the leaky barnase expression during initial stages of the Agrobacterium transformation which would favour the selection of barnase mutant InPAct plants. To overcome the problems associated with leaky expression of barnase, a barstar-expression cassette was included in the ToLCV-[Au] InPAct-barnase cassette. Transient assays in non-transgenic tobacco leaves demonstrated that the basal levels of barstar expressed from the modified InPAct vector were sufficient to negate the effects of leaky barnase expression. Importantly, however, the level of barnase expression in the presence of Rep and REn was shown to be sufficient to overcome the basal levels of barstar. Seventeen independently transformed lines were generated with the ToLCV-[Au] InPAct-barnase/barstar cassette, and analysis of one line revealed the presence of an uncorrupted barnase-coding region. Using transient agroinfiltration assays, seven of the transgenic lines showed varying levels of cognate Rep and REn-activated, barnase-induced cell death. Fifteen transgenic lines were challenged with ToLCV-[Au] by injection of recombinant Agrobacteria containing an infectious ToLCV clone. Unfortunately, all lines displayed typical ToLCV symptoms and tested positive for virus by PCR at 28 days post-inoculation. The inability of the InPAct cassette to confer resistance to ToLCV may have been due to one or a combination of factors, including (i) a delay in barnase-induced cell death, (ii) homology-dependent silencing of the integrated cassette, (iii) generally low-level, Rep-activated barnase expression or (iv) excessive virus load due to the artifical method of inoculation. This study details the first report of a ToLCV-based InPAct system for Rep-induced transgene expression in planta. Despite failing to generate ToLCV-resistant plants, the research findings will provide a solid foundation to develop a more effective InPAct vector and ultimately assist in the generation of transgenic plants with resistance to ToLCV and potentially other ssDNA plant viruses, particularly the begomoviruses.
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Brown, J. K., i M. R. Nelson. "Host Range Study of the Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219771.

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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.
Cotton leaf crumple (CLC) is incited by a whitefly- transmitted plant virus that infects primarily species within the genus Gossvpium. An extensive host range study was undertaken to identify other hosts which could serve as virus reservoirs in cotton growing areas. More than 20 plant species within the Leguminosae and Malvaceae were identified as CLCV hosts, some of which may be important in the epidemiology of the disease both in cotton and in newly recognized host crop species.
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Książki na temat "Cotton leaf curl virus"

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Czosnek, Henryk, red. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4769-5.

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Asghar, Hashmi Ali, red. A Research compendium on cotton leaf curl viral disease and its vector-whitefly. Islamabad: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 1993.

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Pathak, Dharminder, Satnam Singh, Harish Kumar, Gomti Grover i Navneet Kaur, red. Cotton Some: Insights. The Crop Improvement Society of India, 2023.

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Czosnek, Henryk. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease. Springer, 2008.

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Czosnek, Henryk. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease: Management, molecular biology, breeding for resistance. Springer, 2007.

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Czosnek, Henryk. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease: Management, Molecular Biology, Breeding for Resistance. Czosnek Henryk, 2010.

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Czosnek, Henryk. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease: Management, Molecular Biology, Breeding for Resistance. Springer London, Limited, 2007.

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Części książek na temat "Cotton leaf curl virus"

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Mann, R. S. "Bemisia tabaci Interaction with Cotton Leaf Curl Virus". W The Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interaction with Geminivirus-Infected Host Plants, 69–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1524-0_4.

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Sohrab, S. S. "Development of Virus Resistance Transgenic Cotton Using Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Antisense ßC1 Gene". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 293–305. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8952-2_24.

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Arora, Rupesh Kumar, i Paramjit Singh. "Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease Status in Bt Cotton Hybrids in Punjab, India". W Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Development, 223–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90549-1_14.

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Ali, Safdar, M. Aslam Khan, Shahbaz Talib Sahi, M. Atiq i A. Hannan. "Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease Predictive Model Based on Environmental Variables". W Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes, 323–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8824-8_13.

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Brown, Judith K., i Zulqurnain Khan. "Breeding Cotton for Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Resistance". W Cotton Breeding and Biotechnology, 171–97. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003096856-11.

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Cohen, Shlomo, i Moshe Lapidot. "Appearance and Expansion of TYLCV: a Historical Point of View". W Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease, 3–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4769-5_1.

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Ghanim, Murad, i Vicente Medina. "Localization of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in its Whitefly Vector Bemisia Tabaci". W Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease, 171–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4769-5_10.

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Wege, Christina. "Movement and localization of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Viruses in the Infected Plant". W Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease, 185–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4769-5_11.

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Castillo, Araceli G., Gabriel Morilla, Rosa Lozano, Dominique Collinet, Ana Perez-Luna, Alaa Kashoggi i Eduardo Bejarano. "Identification of Plant Genes Involved in TYLCV Replication". W Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease, 207–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4769-5_12.

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Gorovits, Rena, i Henryk Czosnek. "Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses in Tomato Breeding Lines Resistant and Susceptible to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus". W Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease, 223–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4769-5_13.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Cotton leaf curl virus"

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Anwar, Sohail, Abdul Rahim Kolachi, Shadi Khan Baloch i Shoaib R. Soomro. "Bacterial Blight and Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Detection Using Inception V4 Based CNN Model for Cotton Crops". W 2022 IEEE 5th International Conference on Image Processing Applications and Systems (IPAS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipas55744.2022.10052835.

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MOSTAFA, MD, MOHAMMAD NURUL, NADRA TABASSUM i SUJAY KUMAR. "Molecular diagnosis of tomato leaf curl virus disease". W Third International Conference on Advances in Bio-Informatics, Bio-Technology and Environmental Engineering- ABBE 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-060-6-02.

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Naisam, Amjith. "Homeopathic Management of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus Using Psorinum". W HRI London 2019—Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: Presentation Abstracts. The Faculty of Homeopathy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702121.

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Oh, Sungchan, Akash Ashapure, Thiago G. Marconi, Jinha Jung i Juan Landivar. "UAS based Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) disease detection system". W Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping IV, redaktorzy J. Alex Thomasson, Mac McKee i Robert J. Moorhead. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518703.

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Lozovaya, E., Y. Prikhodko, T. Zhivaeva, E. Karimova i Y. Shneyder. "Diagnostic methods of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Russian Federation". W MODERN SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGIES FOR CREATING DRUGS AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (MOSM2020): PROCEEDINGS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068960.

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Kashima, Takayuki. "Suppressive mechanism of the acetylated glyceride BEMIDETACHTMEC on tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112449.

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Agustika, Dyah Kurniawati, Endah Malika, Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat, Agus Purwanto, Doina Daciana Iliescu i Mark Stephen Leeson. "Spectra Dimensional Reduction Coupled with Machine Learning for the Detection of Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus". W 2023 International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispa58351.2023.10279370.

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Azehoun Pazou, Mahugnon Geraud, Abdou-Aziz Sobabe, Naboua Kouhoundji i Corine Dovonou. "Detection of bacterial spot and yellow leaf curl virus in tomato leaves images using deep learning". W 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecet52533.2021.9698677.

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Raina, Harpreet Singh. "Understanding the role of bacterial endosymbionts in transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease byBemisia tabaci". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111918.

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Yu, Xin, Jun Li, Jinheng Zhang, Zhende Chen i Yongliang Lv. "Correlation between spectral vegetation indices and parameters of biochemical of tomatoes under yellow leaf curl virus stress". W 2012 4th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2012.6874277.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Cotton leaf curl virus"

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Citovsky, Vitaly, i Yedidya Gafni. Nuclear Import of the Tomato Yellow Curl Leaf Virus in Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568765.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of cultivated tomato, causing up to 100% crop loss in many parts of the world. In Israel the disease is well known and has an economic significance. In recent years viral symptoms were found in countries of the "New World" and since 1997, in Florida. Surprisingly, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV interaction with the host plant cells. This proposal was aimed at expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TYLCV enters the host cell nucleus. The main objective was to elucidate the TYLCV protein(s) involved in transport of the viral genomic DNA into the host cell nucleus. This goal was best served by collaboration between our laboratories one of which (V.C.) was already investigating the nuclear import of the T-DNA ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens, and the other (Y.G.) was studying the effect of TYLCV capsid protein (CP) in transgenic plants, hypothesizing its involvement in the viral nuclear entry. Three years of our collaborative work have provided signifcant data that strongly support our original hypothesis of the involvement of TYLCtr CP in viral nuclear import. Furthermore, our results have laid a foundation to study fundamental, but as yet practically unresolved, questions about the role ofthe host cell factors in the nuclear import of geminiviruses within their host plant. As a result, this research may lead to development of new approaches for plant protection based on control of TYLCV import to the host plant cell nucleus.
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Czosnek, Henryk Hanokh, Eran Pichersky, Dani Zamir, Yehezkiel Antignus i Shlomo Cohen. Molecular Approaches for Breeding Tomato Resistant to the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7568073.bard.

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Lapidot, Moshe, i Vitaly Citovsky. molecular mechanism for the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance at the ty-5 locus. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604274.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of tomato that causes extensive crop loss worldwide, including the US and Israel. Genetic resistance in the host plant is considered highly effective in the defense against viral infection in the field. Thus, the best way to reduce yield losses due to TYLCV is by breeding tomatoes resistant or tolerant to the virus. To date, only six major TYLCV-resistance loci, termed Ty-1 to Ty-6, have been characterized and mapped to the tomato genome. Among tomato TYLCV-resistant lines containing these loci, we have identified a major recessive quantitative trait locus (QTL) that was mapped to chromosome 4 and designated ty-5. Recently, we identified the gene responsible for the TYLCV resistance at the ty-5 locus as the tomato homolog of the gene encoding messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota (Pelo). A single amino acid change in the protein is responsible for the resistant phenotype. Pelo is known to participate in the ribosome-recycling phase of protein biosynthesis. Our hypothesis was that the resistant allele of Pelo is a “loss-of-function” mutant, and inhibits or slows-down ribosome recycling. This will negatively affect viral (as well as host-plant) protein synthesis, which may result in slower infection progression. Hence we have proposed the following research objectives: Aim 1: The effect of Pelota on translation of TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to test the effect Pelota may or may not have upon translation of TYLCV proteins following infection of a resistant host. Aim 2: Identify and characterize Pelota cellular localization and interaction with TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to characterize the cellular localization of both Pelota alleles, the TYLCV-resistant and the susceptible allele, to see whether this localization changes following TYLCV infection, and to find out which TYLCV protein interacts with Pelota. Our results demonstrate that upon TYLCV-infection the resistant allele of pelota has a negative effect on viral replication and RNA transcription. It is also shown that pelota interacts with the viral C1 protein, which is the only viral protein essential for TYLCV replication. Following subcellular localization of C1 and Pelota it was found that both protein localize to the same subcellular compartments. This research is innovative and potentially transformative because the role of Peloin plant virus resistance is novel, and understanding its mechanism will lay the foundation for designing new antiviral protection strategies that target translation of viral proteins. BARD Report - Project 4953 Page 2
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Levin, Ilan, John Thomas, Moshe Lapidot, Desmond McGrath i Denis Persley. Resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato: molecular mapping and introgression of resistance to Australian genotypes. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613888.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes. Although first identified in the Mediterranean region, it is now distributed world-wide. Sequence analysis of the virus by the Australian group has shown that the virus is now present in Australia. Despite the importance of the disease and extensive research on the virus, very little is known about the resistance genes (loci) that determine host resistance and susceptibility to the virus. A symptom-less resistant line, TY-172, was developed at the Volcani Center which has shown the highest resistance level among all tested varieties. Preliminary results show that TY-172 is a good candidate to confer resistance to both TYLCV and to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in Queensland conditions. Furthermore, Segregation analysis has previously indicated that the resistance is determined by 2-3 genes. In this proposal we aimed to substantiate that TY-172 can contribute to resistance breeding against TYLCV in Queensland, to develop DNA markers to advance such resistance breeding in both Israel and Queensland, and to exploit these markers for resistant breeding in Australian and Israeli lines. To map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling TYLCVresistance in TY172, appropriate segregating populations were analyzed using 69 polymorphic DNA markers spanning the entire tomato genome. Results show that TYLCV resistance in TY172 is controlled by a previously unknown major QTL, originating from the resistant line, and four additional minor QTLs. The major QTL, termed Ty-5, maps to chromosome 4 and accounts for 39.7-to-46.6% of the variation in symptom severity among segregating plants (LOD score: 33-to-35). The minor QTLs, originated either from the resistant or susceptible parents, were mapped to chromosomes 1, 7, 9 and 11, and contributed 12% to the variation in symptom severity in addition to Ty-5. Further analysis of parental lines as well as large F₁, BC₁F₁, F₂ and BC₁F₂ populations originating from crosses carried out, in reciprocal manner, between TY172 and the susceptible processing line M-82 (LA3475) during spring-summer 2010, indicated that: (1) the minor QTLs we have previously identified are in effect not reproducible, (2)Ty-5 alone can yield highly resistant plants with practically no extra-chromosomal effects, and (3) the narrow-sense heritability estimate of resistance levels, attributed to additive factors responsive to selection, does not significantly deviate from 1. All of these results point to Ty-5 as the sole resistance locus in TY172 thus significantly increasing the likelihood of its successful molecular dissection. The DNA markers developed during the course of this study were transferred together with the TY172 genotype to Queensland. TY172 was crossed to a panel of Australian genotypes and the resulting populations were subjected to segregation analysis. Results showed that resistant locus, Ty-5, is highly reproducible in the Australian conditions as well. The Australian group was also able to make improvements to the marker assays by re-designing primer pairs to provide more robust PCR fragments. The Ty-5 locus has now been introgressed into elite Australian germplasm and selection for TYLCV resistance has begun. Cumulatively, our results show that Ty-5 can be effectively used, together with the TY172 genotype to expedite TYLCV resistance breeding and improve our understanding of the genetics that underline the response of tomato to TYLCV. Contributions to agriculture include: (1) the development of tools for more efficient resistance breeding, allowing the incorporation of resistance to local tomato varieties in Australia, Israel and elsewhere; and (2) establish a solid framework for a future attempt to clone the genes that encode such resistance. The latter will enable to decipher the resistance mechanisms that could be applied to other geminiviruses in tomato and possibly in other plant species.
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Citovsky, Vitaly, i Yedidya Gafni. Viral and Host Cell Determinants of Nuclear Import and Export of the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, sierpień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585200.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of cultivated tomato, causing up to 100% crop loss in many parts of the world. In Israel, where TYLCV epidemics have been recorded since the 1960' s, this viral disease is well known and has been of economic significance ever since. In recent years, TYLCV outbreaks also occurred in the "New World" - Cuba, The Dominican Republic, and in the USA, in Florida, Georgia and Louisiana. Thus, TYLCV substantially hinders tomato growth throughout the world. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV interaction with the host tomato cells. The present proposal, a continuation of the project supported by BARD from 1994, expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TYLCV enters the host cell nucleus for replication and transcription and exits it for the subsequent cell-to-cell spread. Our project sought two objectives: I. To study the roles of the viral capsid protein (CP) and host cell factors in TYLCV nuclear import. II. To study the roles of CP and host cell factors in TYLCV nuclear export. Our research toward these goals have produced the following major achievements: . Developed a one-hybrid assay for protein nuclear export and import (#3 in the List of Publications). . Identified a functional nuclear export signal (NES) in the capsid protein (CP) of TYLCV (#3 in the List of Publications). . Discovered homotypic interactions between intact TYLCV CP molecules and analyzed these interactions using deletion mutagenesis of TYLCV CP (#5 in the List of Publications). . Showed developmental and tissue-specific expression of the host factor required for nuclear import of TYLCV CP, tomato karyopherin alpha 1, in transgenic tomato plants (#14 in the List of Publications). . By analogy to nuclear import of TYLCV ,identified an Arabidopsis VIPI protein that participates in nuclear import of Agrobacterium T -complexes via the karyopherin alpha pathway (#4,6, and 8 in the List of Publications). These research findings provided significant insights into (i) the molecular pathway of TYLCV entry into the host cell nucleus, and (ii) the mechanism by which TYLCV is exported from the nucleus for the cell-to-cell spread of infection. Furthermore, the obtained knowledge will help to develop specific strategies to attenuate TYLCV infection, for example, by blocking viral entry into and/or exit out of the host cell nucleus. Also, as much of our findings is relevant to all geminiviruses, new anti- TYLCV approaches developed based on the results of our research will be useful to combat other members of the Geminivirus family. Finally, in addition to the study of TYLCV nuclear import and export, our research contributed to our understanding of general mechanisms for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and nucleic acids in plant cells.
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Czosnek, Henryk Hanokh, Dani Zamir, Robert L. Gilbertson i Lucas J. William. Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by Combining Expression of a Natural Tolerance Gene and a Dysfunctional Movement Protein in a Single Cultivar. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573079.bard.

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Background The tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCV) has been a major deterrent to tomato production in Israel for the last 20 years. This whitefly-transmitted viral disease has been found in the Caribbean Island in the early 1990s, probably as an import from the Middle East. In the late 1990s, the virus has spread to the US and is now conspicuous in Florida and Georgia. Objectives Because of the urgency facing the TYLCV epidemics, there was a compelling need to mobilize scientists to develop tomato variety resistant to TYLCV. The major goal was to identify the virus movement protein (MP) and to express a defective from of MP in a cultivar that contained the natural Ty-1 resistance gene. The research included 1. cloning of the TYLCV isolate from the Dominican Republic (DR) which is (or a close variant) also present in the continental USA; 2. ddefining the role of the MP; 3. mutating the putative MP gene; 4. introducing the modified gene into an advance Ty-1 line; 5. testing the transgenic plants in the field. The pressing threat to tomato production in the US resulted in an extension of the objectives: more emphasis was placed on characterization of TYLCV i the DR, on determination of the epidemiology of the virus in the DR, and on using new TYLCV resistance sources for tomato breeding. Achievements and signification 1. The characterization of TYLCV-DR allowed for more effective TYLCV management strategies that are now implemented in the DR. 2. The identification of the TYLCV MPs and, more importantly, insight into their function has provided a model for how these proteins function in TYLCV movement and support the targeting of one or more of these proteins in a dominant lethal strategy to engineer plants for TYLCV resistance. 3. The transgenic plants that are being generated with wild-type and mutated TYLCV MPs will serve to test the hypothesis that interference with one or more of the TYLCV movement proteins will be a strategy for generating TYLCV-resistant plants. 4. The fine mapping of the resistance Ty-1 gene allowed eliminating deleterious chromosome segments from the wild tomato genitor L. chilense. It may in a near future allow the cloning of the first geminivirus resistance gene. 5. Another resistance source from the wild tomato species L. hirsitum was introgressed into the domesticated tomato, resulting in the production of resistant breeding lines. Implications 1. The monitoring of TYLCV in whiteflies has been applied in the DR. These tools are presently being used to assist in the evaluation of the host-free period and to help select the appropriate locations for growing tomatoes in the DR. 2. An overall strategy to obtain resistance against TYLCV has been used. The expression of wild-type or mutated TYLCV MPs in transgenic tomato is another addition to the arsenal used to fight TYLCV, together with marker assisted breeding and mobilization of additional resistant genes from the wild.
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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck i Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.

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Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.
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Valverde, Rodrigo A., Aviv Dombrovsky i Noa Sela. Interactions between Bell pepper endornavirus and acute viruses in bell pepper and effect to the host. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598166.bard.

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Based on the type of relationship with the host, plant viruses can be grouped as acute or persistent. Acute viruses are well studied and cause disease. In contrast, persistent viruses do not appear to affect the phenotype of the host. The genus Endornavirus contains persistent viruses that infect plants without causing visible symptoms. Infections by endornaviruses have been reported in many economically important crops, such as avocado, barley, common bean, melon, pepper, and rice. However, little is known about the effect they have on their plant hosts. The long term objective of the proposed project is to elucidate the nature of the symbiotic interaction between Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) and its host. The specific objectives include: a) to evaluate the phenotype and fruit yield of endornavirus-free and endornavirus-infected bell pepper near-isogenic lines under greenhouse conditions; b) to conduct gene expression studies using endornavirus-free and endornavirus-infected bell pepper near-isogenic lines; and c) to study the interactions between acute viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus Potato virus Y, Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, and Tobacco etch virus and Bell pepper endornavirus. It is likely that BPEV in bell pepper is in a mutualistic relationship with the plant and provide protection to unknown biotic or abiotic agents. Nevertheless, it is also possible that the endornavirus could interact synergistically with acute viruses and indirectly or directly cause harmful effects. In any case, the information that will be obtained with this investigation is relevant to BARD’s mission since it is related to the protection of plants against biotic stresses.
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Antignus, Yehezkiel, Ernest Hiebert, Shlomo Cohen i Susan Webb. Approaches for Studying the Interaction of Geminiviruses with Their Whitefly Vector Bemisia tabaci. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604928.bard.

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The DNA of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCB) was detected in its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, by dot spot hybridization as early as 1 h after acquisition access. The retention of the virus nucleic acid in the vector was at least 23 days after a 48 h acquisition access. However, the retention of TYLCV coat protein did not exceed 10 days. No replicative forms of TYLCV could be detected in B. tabaci, indicating a non-propagative relationship with the vector. Whiteflies were not able to accumulate naked virion ssDNA, virus cloned dsDNA, or virions with impaired coat protein. Deletion, frameshift, and single amino acid mutations were inserted into open reading frames (ORFs) V1 and V2 (Coat protein) of TYLCV. The ability of these mutants to replicate, to spread and to induce symptoms was tested both in leaf disks and in intact plants. No replication was found in tissues that were infected with a deletion mutant that lacked the carboxy half of the coat protein gene. Residual amounts of ssDNA and dsDNA were detected i tissues infected with a frameshift mutant in which an early termination at the extreme part of the protein. Two other mutants in which a single amino acid was changed in the overlapping part of V1 and V2 were able to spread systemically but infections remained symptomless and the production of ssDNA and dsDNA were significantly lower. These mutants were acquired and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Procedures for the the dissection, fixation and embedding of whiteflies were developed. The anatomy and ultrastructure of the salivary gland and the midgut of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (a vector and non-vector of geminiviruses respectively) was studied and described. Monoclonal antibodies against bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) with narrow and broad spectrum were prepared. Transmission studies of tomato mottle geminivirus (TMoV) by B. tabaci were carried out. These studies were essential for a further work aimed to understand the interaction of geminiviruses with the insect and their localization in its tissues. To enable the production of transgenic plants procedures were developed for tomato transformation with both Agrobacterium and microparticle bombardment.
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Gafni, Yedidya, i Vitaly Citovsky. Inactivation of SGS3 as Molecular Basis for RNA Silencing Suppression by TYLCV V2. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593402.bard.

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The Israeli isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus(TYLCV-Is) is a major tomato pathogen, causing extensive crop losses in Israel and in the south-eastern U.S. Yet, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its interaction with tomato cells. One of the most interesting aspects of such interaction is how the invading virus counteracts the RNA silencing response of the plant. In the former BARD project, we have shown that TYLCV-Is V2 protein is an RNA silencing suppressor, and that this suppression is carried out via the interaction of V2 with the SGS3 component of the plant RNA silencing machinery. This reported project was meant to use our data as a foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which V2 affects the SGS3 activity. While this research is likely to have an important impact on our understanding of basic biology of virus-plant interactions and suppression of plant immunity, it also will have practical implications, helping to conceive novel strategies for crop resistance to TYLCV-Is. Our preliminary data in regard to V2 activities and our present knowledge of the SGS3 function suggest likely mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of V2 on SGS3. We have shown that V2 possess structural and functional hallmarks of an F-box protein, suggesting that it may target SGS3 for proteasomal degradation. SGS3 contains an RNA-binding domain and likely functions to protect the cleavage produces of the primary transcript for subsequent conversion to double-stranded forms; thus, V2 may simply block the RNA binding activity of SGS3. V2 may also employ a combination of these mechanisms. These and other possibilities were tested in this reported project.
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