Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Correction de refraction

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Correction de refraction”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 20 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Correction de refraction"

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Rees, W. G., i R. E. Donovan. "Refraction correction for radio-echo sounding of large ice masses". Journal of Glaciology 38, nr 129 (1992): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000003713.

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AbstractThis paper presents a simple mathematical formula for correcting radio-echo-sounding data from an ice sheet or glacier for the effects of varying refractive index. The method requires some knowledge of the variation of refractive index with depth. In rare cases this may be known from direct measurement, but it can be estimated from the density profile. If even this is unknown, we show that the corrections can be estimated to an accuracy of about 3% of the depth to bubble close-off (i.e. to about ±12 m for dry-snow conditions), and that the size of the refraction correction for a glacier or ice sheet with a flat bed is typically 6–10 m under these conditions.
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Rees, W. G., i R. E. Donovan. "Refraction correction for radio-echo sounding of large ice masses". Journal of Glaciology 38, nr 129 (1992): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003713.

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AbstractThis paper presents a simple mathematical formula for correcting radio-echo-sounding data from an ice sheet or glacier for the effects of varying refractive index. The method requires some knowledge of the variation of refractive index with depth. In rare cases this may be known from direct measurement, but it can be estimated from the density profile. If even this is unknown, we show that the corrections can be estimated to an accuracy of about 3% of the depth to bubble close-off (i.e. to about ±12 m for dry-snow conditions), and that the size of the refraction correction for a glacier or ice sheet with a flat bed is typically 6–10 m under these conditions.
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Wu, Zhen, Junzhou Huo, Haidong Zhang, Fan Yang, Shangqi Chen i Zhihao Feng. "Vision Measurement Method Based on Plate Glass Window Refraction Model in Tunnel Construction". Sensors 24, nr 1 (22.12.2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24010066.

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Due to the harsh environment of high humidity and dust in tunnel construction, the vision measurement system needs to be equipped with an explosion-proof glass protective cover. The refractive effect of the plate glass window invalidates the pinhole model. This paper proposes a comprehensive solution for addressing the issue of plane refraction. First, the imaging model for non-parallel plane refraction is established based on dynamic virtual focal length and the Rodriguez formula. Further, due to the failure of the epipolar constraint principle in binocular vision systems caused by plane refraction, this paper proposes the epipolar constraint model for independent refractive plane imaging. Finally, an independent refraction plane triangulation model is proposed to address the issue of triangulation failure caused by plane refraction. The RMSE of the depth of field errors in the independent refraction plane triangulation model is 2.9902 mm before correction and 0.3187 mm after correction. The RMSE of the positioning errors before and after correction are 3.5661 mm and 0.3465 mm, respectively.
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Ocansey, Stephen, Rufaida Amuda, Carl Halladay Abraham i Emmanuel Kwasi Abu. "Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles". BMJ Open Ophthalmology 8, nr 1 (kwiecień 2023): e001202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001202.

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ObjectiveSelf-refracting spectacles (SRSs) have different optical and mechanical designs, which may affect the refractive outcome, depending on the experience of the end user. This study compared the performance of two SRS among children in Ghana.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study of two Alvarez variable-focus SRS designs was conducted. A total of 167 children (mean age 13.6±1.6 years) identified as having refractive error were recruited from 2465 students who underwent screening. Subjects completed self-refraction using FocusSpecs, and Adlens, autorefraction and cycloplegic subjective refraction (CSR) (gold standard). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare visual outcomes and accuracy of refraction and graphically illustrated using Bland-Altman plots.ResultsEighty (47.9%) urban and 87 (52.1%) rural children were analysed and only about one-quarter 40 (24.0%) wore spectacles. The proportion who achieved visual acuity of ≥6/7.5 with FocusSpec, Adlens, autorefraction and CSR among urban schools were 92.6%, 92.4%, 60% and 92.6%, while those in rural schools were 81.6%, 86.2%, 54.0% and 95.4%, respectively. The mean±SD spherical equivalent errors for urban and rural schools using FocusSpec, Adlens and CSR were −1.05±0.61 D, –0.97±0.58 D and −0.78±0.53 D; and −0.47±0.51 D, –0.55±0.43 D and −0.27±0.11 D, respectively. The mean differences between the two self-refraction spectacles for urban and rural schools were not statistically different (p>0.00) but differed significantly when both were compared with the gold standard (CSR) (p<0.05).ConclusionBackground and refraction experience of school children did not significantly affect self-refraction.
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Nováček, Ladislav Viktor, Marie Němcová, Kristýna Sičová, Kateřina Tyx, Pavel Rozsíval, Jan Němčanský i Pavel Studený. "Simultaneous Presbyopia and Astigmatism Correction with a Novel Trifocal Toric Intraocular Lens—A One-Year Follow-Up". Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, nr 14 (19.07.2022): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144194.

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The current investigation evaluates the efficiency of the trifocal toric Liberty 677MTY intraocular lens (IOL) in correcting preoperative corneal astigmatism in cataract patients demanding spectacle independence. The retrospective evaluation included 28 eyes of 15 patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism of at least 1.0 Dioptre (D). All patients were followed up for one year postoperatively. Residual refractive errors and visual acuities at multiple distances were measured. Binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity defocus curves were plotted. Visual functions and patient satisfaction were assessed. The efficiency of astigmatism correction was determined using the vector analysis method. The mean spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) improved from 2.72 ± 1.62 D to 0.10 ± 0.48 D. The cylindric refraction decreased from 1.18 ± 0.45 D to 0.16 ± 0.31 D. Vector analysis proved efficient astigmatism correction with a centroid of 0.10 ± 0.34 D at 161°. Ninety-two percent of eyes resulted within 0.5 D from the target refraction. Visual acuities were 0.1 logMAR or better from +1.0 to −3.5 D defocus values. Visual tasks could be performed without major difficulties. Our patients were highly satisfied. Refractive and visual outcomes with the investigated presbyopia-correcting toric IOL are predictable and the lens provides excellent trifocal vision.
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Mezad-Koursh, Daphna, Ari Leshno, Tomer Ziv-Baran i Chaim Stolovitch. "Refractive Changes Induced by Strabismus Corrective Surgery in Adults". Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2680204.

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Purpose. To investigate refractive changes after strabismus correction procedures among adults.Methods. Retrospective chart review of adult patients who had horizontal recti muscles surgery with preoperative and postoperative cycloplegic refraction measurements. The preoperative refraction was mathematically subtracted from the postoperative refraction, and the induced refractive changes were statistically analyzed. Vector analysis was used to examine the magnitude of the toric change. The proportion of clinically significant refractive change was evaluated as well.Results. Thirty-one eyes from 22 subjects met the criteria and were included in the final analysis. A significant postoperative refractive change of the spherical equivalent towards myopia and a change of the astigmatism in the with-the-rule direction were observed. In a subset of 9 cases a third cycloplegic refraction measurement demonstrated stable refraction compared to the 1-month postoperative measurement. In 10 cases of single eye surgery, significant refractive changes were observed only in the operated side when compared to the sound eye. The induced surgical refractive change was of clinical significance (≥0.5 D) in 11 eyes of 9 patients (40.9% of patients).Conclusions. Refractive changes are a significant side effect of horizontal strabismus corrective surgery among adults. Therefore, patients should be informed about it prior to surgery and should be rerefracted in the postoperative period.
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Gurmizov, Е. P., К. B. Pershin, N. F. Pashinova i А. Iu Tsygankov. "Keratorefractive Surgery for Residual Refractive Error Correction in Pseudophakic Patients". Ophthalmology in Russia 17, nr 2 (23.06.2020): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2020-2-209-215.

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Purpose. Evaluation of the visual and refractive results of additional correction using LASIK and PRK methods in patients with residual refractive error after previous cataract surgery. Patients and methods. The prospective open study included 57 patients (79 eyes) who previously underwent cataract phacoemulsification (n = 37) or refractive lensectomy (n = 42) with various IOL models implantation (2012–2017). The average age of patients was 50.8 ± 13.9 (19–79) years. Operations LASIK (91.1 %) and PRK (8.9 %) were carried out according to standard methods. In 6 cases, femtosecond laser supported by laser correction. The target refraction ranged from –0.25 to 0.25 D in most (97.5 %) cases. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 9 months. Results. The patients were divided into groups according to the type of residual refractive error (Group 1 — myopia, group II — emmetropia and group III — hyperopia). Statistically significant differences were determined for the species of previously implanted IOLs — in group II, the frequency of monofocal IOLs was significantly higher (p < 0.05). In group II, the values of the cylindrical component of refraction were significantly higher compared with groups I and III (p < 0.05). In group I, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the spherical component of refraction from –1.36 ± 0.92 to –0.2 ± 0.8 D was observed. In patients of group II, there was a slight increase in the spherical component of refraction from 0 ± 0.20 to 0.25 ± 0.29 D (p > 0.05). In group III, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease was observed in the spherical component of refraction from 1.27 ± 0.69 to 0.43 ± 0.49 D. When analyzing the cylindrical component of refraction in group I, its decline was noted from –0.69 ± 0.5 to –0.38 ± 0.46 D (p > 0.05). In group II, the largest decrease in the cylindrical component was observed from –1.6 ± 1.0 to 0.03 ± 1.10 Dptr (p < 0.01). In all the studied groups, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in UCFVA was revealed in the postoperative period. Indicators K1 and K2 did not significantly change. Conclusion. The high efficiency of the correction using the LASIK, PRK and femtoLASIK methods on pseudophakic eyes with the achievement of the target refraction in most of the studied cases was shown. This method can be used as an alternative to spectacle and contact correction in patients with residual refractive error after cataract phacoemulsification and refractive lensectomy with IOL implantation.
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Chen, Kaijian, Zongli Hu, Jihan Zhou, Ting Yu, Jie Xu, Ji Bai i Jian Ye. "Vector Analysis of the Effects of FS-LASIK and Toric ICL for Moderate to High Astigmatism Correction". Journal of Ophthalmology 2018 (25.07.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6952710.

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Purpose. To estimate the treatment effectiveness of femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and Toric implantable collamer lens (Toric ICL) for moderate and high astigmatism via vector analysis.Materials and Methods. The study involved 44 eyes from 44 patients who had a preoperative refractive cylinder ≥1.0 diopters (D) and underwent bilateral FS-LASIK or Toric ICL surgery. The examinations included corrected distance visual acuity measurement and subjective refraction before and 3 months after surgery. The astigmatic changes were estimated using vector analysis.Results. No statistically significant differences were found in cylindrical refraction and percentage of spherical equivalent within 0 D, ±0.50 D, ±1.00 D, and ±1.50 D between the FS-LASIK and Toric ICL groups at 3 months after surgery. The parameters of the vector analysis included intended refractive correction, surgically induced refractive correction, error vector, correction ratio, error ratio, error of magnitude, and error of angle, with no significant differences between the groups. However, error ratio the of the off-axis correction in the FS-LASIK and Toric ICL groups was 4.11 ± 3.02 and 8.11 ± 3.82, respectively, and the difference was significant (t = −2.46,p=0.02).Conclusion. Both FS-LASIK and Toric ICL were effective for correcting moderate and high astigmatism, although Toric ICL might produce a larger error of angle than FS-LASIK when an off-axis correction occurs.
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Kasyanov, A. A. "Tactics of Two-Stage IOL Implantation in Difficult Refractive Cases". Ophthalmology in Russia 18, nr 3 (1.10.2021): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2021-3-415-421.

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In a number of complex refractive cases, the achievement of an accurate refractive result cannot be guaranteed. Simultaneous implantation of a toric or multifocal IOL for the correction of complex ametropias may be accompanied by a significant deviation from the target refraction. The tactics of two-stage implantation with the usage of an additional Sulcoflex IOL for the final correction of astigmatism and possible residual spherical ametropia allows achieving emmetropia. In our study, this method was used in 15 patients with difficult refractive cases. Toric, multifocal, and multifocal toric Sulcoflex IOL were used. Implantation of all Sulcoflex modifications was performed through a 2.4 mm temporal incision using wound assisted technology. In cases of high degree hypermetropia, preventive iridectomy was performed using a 23G vitrectome. The target refraction was achieved in the entire observation group. In the postoperative period, no significant level of ophthalmic hypertension was registered. No cases of introlens opacification, iridocyclitis, or rotational instability were registered either.The method of two-stage IOL implantation allows achieving the target refraction in difficult refractive situations with almost guaranteed accuracy. The calculation method provides good predictability of the refractive result. This technology significantly expands the indications for intraocular correction using toric and multifocal IOL, as well as the limits of correction of high degree astigmatism. Our Sulcoflex IOL implantation experience has shown their high efficiency and safety.
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Ejukonemu, Barbie O. M. "Refracting The Diseased Eye". Bayero Journal of Nursing and Health Care 3, nr 2 (11.09.2022): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bjnhc.v3i2.9.

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Refractive error refers to ocular refractive status where images of objects of regard do not fall on the retina in a relaxed eye - the ametropic eye. Thus, objects are perceived as blur. Refractive error is an aberration in an otherwise normal physiological phenomenon and not a disease. Uncorrected refractive errors are the second most causes of blindness after cataract and the cause of almost half of visual impairment. Clinical refraction is a careful scientific procedure employed to correct refractive error. Given that refractive error is the most common reason patients present to the eye care practitioner, a lot of attention must be given to refraction. When an irreversible eye disease co-exist with refractive error, then correction of refractive error under this circumstance; refracting the diseased eye (RDE) become very challenging and painstaking. There will be likelihood of irregularities in the transparent refractive surfaces of the eye due to disease or surgery which make refraction difficult both for the patient and the examiner. Personal clinical experience of the author who is a low vision consultant and review of related literature from textbooks and journals are brought to bear in this article. This paper is a review of the RDE algorithm with delineation of these steps to enable an effective refractive endpoint for the eye with disease. The paper will enable young Optometrists to deal with refractive error masquerading irreversible eye disease. It is also an essential reading for the low vision Optometrist in mastering the art and science of low vision refraction.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Correction de refraction"

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Dia, Amadou Sall. "Quantitative ultrasound imaging of human cortical bone". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04650855.

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L'ostéoporose est une maladie caractérisée par une réduction de la masse osseuse et une augmentation de la porosité. Elle affaiblit les os et peut conduire à des fractures de fragilité. Globalement, 1/3 des femmes de plus de 50 ans et 1/5 des hommes de plus de 50 ans subiront des fractures liées à l'ostéoporose, contribuant à plus de 8,9 millions de fractures annuelles dans le monde. Ces fractures peuvent être prévenues si elles sont détectées et traitées suffisamment tôt. Plusieurs techniques ont été développées pour évaluer la qualité osseuse, l'échographie émergeant comme une option peu coûteuse, portable et sûre. L'imagerie par ultrasons du cortex des os longs permet l'évaluation de la qualité osseuse en estimant l'épaisseur corticale et la vitesse d'onde ultrasonore, des biomarqueurs de la résistance mécanique et du risque de fracture. Cependant, des défis se posent avec l'augmentation de la porosité corticale dans l'os ostéoporotique, rendant difficile la détection de la surface interne (endosteum) et limitant la qualité de l'image. L'objectif de ce travail est de concevoir une technique de reconstruction d'images capable d'améliorer les images échographiques de l'os cortical. Cela passe par la compréhension des facteurs influençant la qualité de l'image. Pour ce faire, des ensembles de données échographiques synthétiques et expérimentaux ont été générés. Nos résultats démontrent l'estimation réussie de l'épaisseur corticale et de la vitesse d'onde ultrasonore en utilisant l'imagerie par ultrasons pour un os cortical homogène. L'estimation in vivo de la vitesse d'onde au cortex tibial de sujets sains a atteint une précision de moins de 3%. Cependant, pour les os dégradés, une porosité corticale accrue et une taille de pore vasculaire plus grande créent un bruit qui obscurcit la visibilité de l'interface endostéale. Un nouvel algorithme de formation de faisceau spéculaire corrigé de la réfraction a été proposé pour améliorer la visibilité de l'interface endostéale. L'application de cet algorithme à la fois à des ensembles de données ex vivo et in vivo a révélé une visibilité améliorée par rapport à la formation de faisceau Delay-and-Sum (DAS) traditionnelle. Ce travail offre une meilleure compréhension des facteurs affectant le contraste des images échographiques osseuses et propose de considérer les diffuseurs comme des réflecteurs spéculaires pour améliorer la visibilité de l'interface endostéale. En évaluant la spécularité de l'interface endostéale, il devient possible d'évaluer potentiellement la rugosité de l'endosteum. Cela ouvre la voie à la conception de nouveaux quantificateurs de qualité mécanique osseuse. L'imagerie échographique osseuse montre des promesses dans l'identification et le suivi des personnes présentant une faible qualité mécanique osseuse corticale à risque de fracture ostéoporotique
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and an increase in porosity, weakening the bones and potentially leading to fragility fractures. Globally, one-third of women over the age of 50 and one-fifth of men aged over 50 will experience osteoporosis-related fractures, contributing to over 8.9 million fractures annually worldwide. Early detection and treatment can prevent these fractures. Several techniques have been developed to assess bone quality, with ultrasound emerging as a cost-effective, portable, and safe option. Ultrasound imaging of the cortex of long bones allows for the evaluation of bone quality by estimating cortical thickness and ultrasonic wave-speed, which are biomarkers of mechanical strength and fracture risk. However, challenges arise with increased cortical porosity in osteoporotic bone, making it difficult to detect the inner surface (endosteum) and limiting image quality. The aim of this study is to design an image reconstruction technique to enhance ultrasound images of cortical bone. This involves understanding the factors influencing image quality. Synthetic and experimental ultrasound datasets were generated to achieve this. The results demonstrate successful estimation of cortical thickness and ultrasonic wave-speed using ultrasound imaging for homogeneous cortical bone. In vivo estimation of wave-speed at the tibial cortex of healthy individuals achieved a precision of less than 3%. However, for degraded bones, increased cortical porosity and vascular pore size create speckle that obscures the visibility of the endosteal interface. A novel refraction-corrected specular beamforming algorithm was proposed to improve the visibility of the endosteal interface. Application of this algorithm to both ex vivo and in vivo datasets revealed enhanced visibility compared to traditional Delay-and-Sum (DAS) beamforming. This study provides a better understanding of factors affecting bone ultrasound image contrast and proposes considering scatterers as specular reflectors to enhance endosteal interface visibility. By evaluating the specularity of the endosteal interface, it becomes possible to potentially assess the roughness of the endosteum. This opens a way for designing new bone mechanical quality quantifiers. Bone ultrasound imaging shows promise in identifying and monitoring individuals with low cortical bone mechanical quality at risk of osteoporotic fracture
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Feurer, Denis. "Géométrie 3D des lits de rivière par stéréophotogrammétrie à travers l'eau". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818380.

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Les considérations environnementales occupent une place croissante dans l'opinion publique ainsi que dans les politiques nationales et internationales. Le cas de la rivière en est un exemple particulièrement frappant : au centre d'enjeux multiples et pour certains hautement stratégiques (énergie, irrigation), elle est le théâtre d'un conflit d'usages donnant lieu à l'établissement de compromis particulièrement fins pour la gestion de la ressource. Dans les approches les plus courantes, la description de l'état et du fonctionnement d'un hydrosystème tel que celui de la rivière est effectuée par la mesure de variables physiques ou la mise en relation des variables d'intérêt avec les paramètres physiques quantifiables caractérisant le milieu (modèles hydrauliques, modèles hydrobiologiques). L'objectif de ce travail est donc de proposer une réponse à la question de la mesure de la géométrie de la rivière par télédétection. On s'attache tout d'abord à décrire le contexte particulier de la rivière mentionné plus haut puis à effectuer un état de l'art faisant ressortir une lacune pour la restitution du relief immergé par stéréo à travers l'eau avec des moyens légers. On propose ensuite une méthode complète d'acquisition d'images et de traitements permettant d'estimer le relief immergé de rivière. Le travail effectué repose sur la mise en oeuvre de moyens technologiques légers permettant une grande flexibilité pour l'acquisition des données. On se base sur les méthodes de stéréorestitution du relief, pour lesquelles on propose une adaptation au contexte spécifique de la photogrammétrie à travers l'eau. Enfin, on met en place des méthodes de correction des mesures brutes intégrant des contraintes a priori (cohérence hydraulique ; cohérence spatiale) pour la correction de l'effet de réfraction. L'application de la méthode développée en conditions opérationnelles sur une rivière peu profonde à fond de galets montre que la mesure du relief immergé par stéréophotogrammétrie est possible, et permet une représentation de la topographie du lit d'une qualité compatible avec les modèles hydrobiologiques (modèles habitat-poisson). On a ainsi développé, testé, validé et determiné les conditions d'application d'une méthode de mesure de la géométrie de la rivière par télédétection originale et complémentaire des technologies existantes.
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3

O'Leary, Claire Iris. "The correction of borderline refractive and heterophoric anomalies". Thesis, City, University of London, 2009. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17552/.

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The core function of optometrists is the prescribing of spectacles in order to alleviate symptoms and improve visual function. Most commonly, the spectacles are used to correct refractive errors and, less frequently, they are also used to correct a decompensated heterophoria. Whilst identifying and diagnosing a marked refractive error or decompensated heterophoria is relatively straightforward, the management of marginal or borderline cases is much more difficult, for there is no clear cut-off point between normality and abnormality. The literature search in this thesis reveals a lack of evidence-based research on the criteria for determining when a refractive or prismatic correction is required. The aim of the present research was to investigate at what point optometrists currently decide to prescribe spectacles in borderline cases, and to see if current prescribing habits relate to the advice given in the literature. Further aims were to investigate whether the correction of borderline refractive errors and decompensated heterophoria improves reading performance, and to investigate any association between an improvement in reading performance and symptoms. A practitioner survey was given to practitioners attending CET events during 2001 and to the UK Optometry E-mail discussion list. A wide variety of prescribing criteria were reported from the 37 respondents, and the presence of symptoms greatly influenced the decision to prescribe. Practitioners reported that their likelihood of prescribing when symptoms are present exceeded 50% for: horizontal aligning prism of ≥ 1.5Δ, vertical aligning prism ≥ 1.0Δ, hypermetropia of ≥ +0.75, reading additions of ≥ +0.75DS and astigmatism of ≥ -0.75DC. For asymptomatic patients, practitioners’ likelihood of prescribing exceeded 50% for: reading additions of ≥+1.50DS and astigmatic corrections of ≥-1.50DC. In the absence of symptoms, optometrists would not regularly correct any degree of hypermetropia or aligning prism up to the limits of the survey. In a prospective clinical trial, 58 subjects with decompensated heterophoria and 208 subjects with borderline refractive errors had their reading performance assessed with the Wilkins Rate of Reading Test both with the refractive or prismatic lens in place and with a placebo control lens using a double-masked randomised design. Analysis of the data indicated that prescribing prism for decompensated exophoria of 2Δ, a reading addition of +1.00DS and correcting oblique cylindrical errors is likely to result in an improvement in reading performance. Correlations between symptoms and the change in reading performance with small refractive or prismatic corrections were very weak. It is concluded that the correction of borderline decompensated heterophoria and refractive errors can improve rate of reading. Guidelines are suggested for the correction of these anomalies that are based on the present data on visual performance, as well as the literature on the effect of these anomalies on symptoms.
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Noma, Regina Kazumi. "Problemática da correção óptica em escolares: acesso, comparecimento, necessidade e uso de óculos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5149/tde-07122011-131618/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A falta da correção óptica recentemente foi reconhecida como importante causa de baixa visão e parece ser um problema fácil de ser resolvido com o uso de óculos. No entanto, a falta da correção óptica é um problema complexo do seu diagnóstico ao tratamento, envolvendo a procura e alcance da assistência médica, além da confecção e uso dos óculos. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a frequência da necessidade de correção óptica em escolares; determinar a influência do absenteísmo no estudo da frequência da necessidade de correção óptica e suas causas; determinar o impacto da reconvocação dos faltosos na cobertura do atendimento oftalmológico; verificar cobertura oftalmológica prévia; verificar uso da correção óptica prescrita e causas de abandono de óculos. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico. Escolares de 7 a 10 anos do ensino público de Guarulhos foram triados e encaminhados para exame oftalmológico na Campanha Olho no Olho 2006 e 2007. RESULTADOS: Foram triados 40.197 escolares e encaminhados 11.741 escolares com suspeita de problemas visuais. O absenteísmo na primeira convocação foi 42.5% e na reconvocação foi 62.2%. A Campanha alcançou 73.6% dos escolares encaminhados. A reconvocação ampliou a cobertura do projeto em 16.1%. A falta de orientação (não ter recebido aviso ou guia de encaminhamento) foi a razão mais frequente (35.6%) alegada para o não comparecimento, seguida de trabalho (20.6%) e doença (12.4%). A necessidade de óculos não foi fator associado ao comparecimento. Para 60.2% dos escolares foi a primeira oportunidade de exame ocular, sendo que 27.3% procuraram mas não tiveram acesso a consulta médica. Dos 1.379 escolares que já haviam feito exame, 48.3% utilizaram o SUS e 1.029 receberam prescrição de óculos em exame prévio. Destes, 899 (87.4%) fizeram os óculos e apenas 590 (57.3%) usavam os óculos no dia do exame. Dos óculos doados na Campanha, 84.7% dos escolares utilizavam a correção óptica após um ano. A estimativa da frequência da necessidade de correção óptica, na população estudada, foi de 6.9%. CONCLUSÕES: O erro refracional não corrigido foi a maior causa de baixa acuidade visual entre os escolares. A Campanha foi a primeira oportunidade de exame ocular para a maioria dos escolares. Existe uma parcela de pais que não leva seus filhos para exame, mesmo com oferecimento de facilidades (acesso, transporte, alimentação, duas oportunidades diferentes de exame gratuito realizado em fins de semana e doação de óculos). O absenteísmo poderia ser evitado em 87,1% dos casos, com melhor estruturação da primeira convocação. A reconvocação não é recomendada quando os recursos financeiros são escassos
INTRODUCTION: The lack of optical correction was recently recognized as an important cause of low vision and it seems to be an easy problem to be solved with the use of spectacles. However, it is a complex problem from its diagnosis to treatment, which includes medical assistance searching and finding, and spectacles acquisition and use. PURPOSES: To determine the frequency of optical correction need; to determine the impact of the recall of those absent in the ophthalmologic service coverage and its causes; to check the previous ophthalmologic coverage; to check the use of the prescribed optical correction and causes to neglect the use of spectacles. METHOD: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Students between 7 and 10 years old of public education from Guarulhos were screened and referred to ophthalmologic exam in the Eye to Eye Campaign 2006 and 2007. RESULTS: 40.197 students were screened and 11.741 (29,2%) were referred with suspicion of visual problems. The absenteeism in the first call was 42.5% and in the recall 62.2%. The Campaign reached 73.6% of the referred students. The recall expanded the project coverage in 16.1%. The lack of guidelines (parents did not receive notification or referral guide) was the most frequent reason (35.6%) provided by parents for the non attendance, followed by work (20.6%) and disease (12.4%). The need of glasses was not related to the attendance. For 60.2% of the students, it was the first opportunity for ophthalmological exam, whereby 27.3% searched but did not have access to a medical visit. Among the 1.379 students who had already performed an exam, 48.3% used the Public Health System and 1.029 received prescription of glasses in the previous exam. From those, 899 (87.4%) made their glasses and only 590 (57.3%) were wearing glasses on the day of the exam. From the donated spectacles in the Campaign, 84.7% of the students were using the donated optical correction after one year. The estimate of optical correction need within the studied population was 6.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The uncorrected refractive error was the main cause of low visual acuity among students. The Campaign was the first opportunity of ocular exam for most of them. A significant number of parents did not take their children for ophthalmological exams, even when facilities (access, free transportation, meal, two different opportunities of free exam over the weekend and spectacle donation) were offered. For 87.1% of the absenteeism cases, the difficulties could have been overcome via improved structuring of the first call. A recall is not recommended when financial resources are low
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Armstrong, Deborah. "The Role of vision and refractive correction changes in dizziness". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16956.

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Dizziness is a common, multifactorial problem that causes reductions in quality of life and is a major risk factor for falls, but the role of vision is a very under-researched area. This study aimed to investigate any link between dizziness and vision and to establish if changes in spectacle lens correction could elicit dizziness symptoms. A link between dizziness and self-reported poor vision was indicated in the epidemiological literature as shown by a systematic review, provided lightheadedness was not included in the definition of dizziness. Cases of individuals who reported vision-related dizziness were investigated to determine potential areas of research for this thesis and subsequently two studies investigated the effects of refractive correction changes on dizziness status. The first study was limited by logistical problems, although it highlighted limitations in the short form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory that was used to quantify dizziness. Results of an optometry practice recheck study found that oblique cylindrical changes were significantly more likely to be associated with dizziness symptoms than other spectacle lens changes. It also highlighted that optometrists do not ask/record about dizziness symptoms with only 4% of records including “dizziness” as a problem when 38% of patients reported dizziness symptoms when directly asked. All studies highlighted a need for a patient-reported outcome measure to be designed to assess vision-related dizziness. Literature review, interviews with experts and patients and focus groups led to the development of a pilot questionnaire and subsequently a 25-item Vision-Related Dizziness instrument, the VRD-25. This was validated using responses from 223 respondents, with 79 participants completing the questionnaire a second time to provide test-retest data. Two subscales of VRD-12-frequency (VRD-12f) and VRD-13-severity (VRD-13s) were shown to be unidimensional and had good psychometric properties, convergent validity and test-retest repeatability. The VRD-25 is the only patient-reported outcome measure developed to date to assess vision related dizziness and will hopefully provide the platform to further grow this under-researched area that seems likely to provide important clinical information.
College of Optometrists sponsored the research with a Postgraduate Research Scholarship
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Koivula, Annemari. "Long-term results of phakic refractive lenses for correction of myopia and hyperopia /". Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-424-2/.

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Tang, Maolong. "Corneal mean curvature mapping application in laser refractive surgery /". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1094593446.

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Salmon, Anne. "Higher-order aberrations in amblyopia : an analysis of pre- and post-wavefront-guided laser refractive correction". Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/25159/.

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For more than a century it has been known that the eye is not a perfect optical system, but rather a system that suffers from aberrations beyond conventional prescriptive descriptions of defocus and astigmatism. Whereas traditional refraction attempts to describe the error of the eye with only two parameters, namely sphere and cylinder, measurements of wavefront aberrations depict the optical error with many more parameters. What remains questionable is the impact these additional parameters have on visual function. Some authors have argued that higher-order aberrations have a considerable effect on visual function and in certain cases this effect is significant enough to induce amblyopia. This has been referred to as ‘higher-order aberration-associated amblyopia’. In such cases, correction of higher-order aberrations would not restore visual function. Others have reported that patients with binocular asymmetric aberrations display an associated unilateral decrease in visual acuity and, if the decline in acuity results from the aberrations alone, such subjects may have been erroneously diagnosed as amblyopes. In these cases, correction of higher-order aberrations would restore visual function. This refractive entity has been termed ‘aberropia’. In order to investigate these hypotheses, the distribution of higher-order aberrations in strabismic, anisometropic and idiopathic amblyopes, and in a group of visual normals, was analysed both before and after wavefront-guided laser refractive correction. The results show: (i) there is no significant asymmetry in higher-order aberrations between amblyopic and fixing eyes prior to laser refractive treatment; (ii) the mean magnitude of higher-order aberrations is similar within the amblyopic and visually normal populations; (iii) a significant improvement in visual acuity can be realised for adult amblyopic patients utilising wavefront-guided laser refractive surgery and a modest increase in contrast sensitivity was observed for the amblyopic eye of anisometropes following treatment (iv) an overall trend towards increased higher-order aberrations following wavefront-guided laser refractive treatment was observed for both visually normal and amblyopic eyes. In conclusion, while the data do not provide any direct evidence for the concepts of either ‘aberropia’ or ‘higher-order aberration-associated amblyopia’, it is clear that gains in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity may be realised following laser refractive treatment of the amblyopic adult eye. Possible mechanisms by which these gains are realised are discussed.
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Earl, Thomas Anthony. "Characterisation of turbulence in an open channel flow and in a fountain with tomographic PIV". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12814.

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This work aims to improve the understanding of the fundamental characteristics of environmental flows by interpreting the turbulence in a 3D measurement domain. This thesis primarily describes the Tomographic PIV technique and the results of three experimental investigations of environmental flows. Two experiments were conducted in an open channel flow, divided into four sequential, identical pools, by a combination of regular grids. The first set of TPIV measurements were in the water column, while the second set of measurements were made along the channel bottom. The instantaneous structures in the flow were visualised and the turbulent kinetic energy k, energy dissipation ε and vorticity ω were analysed; their decay along the streamwise direction was revealed. Ejections (Q2) and sweeps (Q4) were identified along the channel bottom. A major contribution that resulted from the investigation pertains to the vibration correction of the cameras. TPIV measurements were taken of a regime of turbulent, forced fountain flows. The fountains were created by injecting a salt-water solution through a circular opening into the bottom of a reservoir of a water-ethanol solution, with their refractive indices carefully matched. The evolution of the fountain in its initial stages was captured and described in a series of chronological measurement volumes. Measurements of the fully developed fountains captured the large scale structures and their characteristics were analysed by considering the topology of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor. The TPIV system was designed and built in-house at the University of Sydney. The experimental investigations described in this work revealed some interesting features of the environmental flows. The applicability and versatility of TPIV for these flows were demonstrated. The measurements allowed for the quantification and visualisation of the turbulence in the flows and hence shed light on the physics behind them.
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Renner, Kimberly. "Academic Performance of Oyler School Students after Receiving Spectacle Correction". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491593613366446.

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Książki na temat "Correction de refraction"

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Epstein, Robert L. I can see!: The baby boomer's guide to corrective eye surgery. McHenry, Ill: Center for Corrective Eye Surgery, 2001.

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Armstrong, Franette. Beyond glasses!: The consumer's guide to laser vision correction. Danville, CA: UC Books, 1998.

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Armstrong, Franette. Beyond glasses!: The consumer's guide to laser vision correction. Danville, CA: UC Books, 1997.

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Wang, Ming. Surgical Correction of Presbyopia: The Fifth Wave. SLACK, Incorporated, 2019.

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Cleary, Georgia, Allon Barsam i Eric Donnenfeld. Refractive surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199672516.003.0004.

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In a perfect optical system, a point source of light is focused onto a single point on the image plane; in the eye, light is focused on the retina. Optical aberrations are caused by imaging system imperfections which cause deviations in the transmission of light, preventing the convergence of light to a single point of focus. In recent years an increased understanding of higher-order wavefront aberrations has allowed improvements in both the measurement and treatment of refractive error. This chapter discusses refractive surgery. It details refractive error, aberrations, and presbyopia, along with preoperative evaluation for refractive surgery, laser refractive surgery, other corneal refractive procedures, refractive lens surgery, intraocular lenses, phakic intraocular lenses, and presbyopia correction.
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Refractive keratotomy for cataract surgery and correction of astigmatism. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 1994.

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Guenther, B. D. Modern Optics Simplified. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842859.001.0001.

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This textbook is designed for use in a standard physics course on optics at the sophomore level. The book is an attempt to reduce the complexity of coverage found in Modem Optics to allow a student with only elementary calculus to learn the principles of optics and the modern Fourier theory of diffraction and imaging. Examples based on real optics engineering problems are contained in each chapter. Topics covered include aberrations with experimental examples, correction of chromatic aberration, explanation of coherence and the use of interference theory to design an antireflection coating, Fourier transform optics and its application to diffraction and imaging, use of gaussian wave theory, and fiber optics will make the text of interest as a textbook in Electrical and bioengineering as well as Physics. Students who take this course should have completed an introductory physics course and math courses through calculus Need for experience with differential equations is avoided and extensive use of vector theory is avoided by using a one dimensional theory of optics as often as possible. Maxwell’s equations are introduced to determine the properties of a light wave and the boundary conditions are introduced to characterize reflection and refraction. Most discussion is limited to reflection. The book provides an introduction to Fourier transforms. Many pictures, figures, diagrams are used to provide readers a good physical insight of Optics. There are some more difficult topics that could be skipped and they are indicated by boundaries in the text.
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(Editor), Ronald Krueger, Scott MacRae (Editor) i Raymond Applegate (Editor), red. Wavefront Customized Visual Correction: The Quest for Super Vision II. Slack Incorporated, 2003.

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Lasik Vision Correction: An Overview of Refractive Errors and Their Treatment with the Excimer Laser (Doctor Patient Series). MedWorld Publishing, 2000.

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Margetts, George. Margetts's Longitude Tables; for Correcting the Effect of Parallax and Refraction, on the Observ'd Distance Taken Between the Moon and the Sun, or a Fixed Star,. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Części książek na temat "Correction de refraction"

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Dong, Yuhua, i Jifeng Ding. "Atmospheric Refraction Correction of Optical Measuring Single Station Using Reference GPS Data". W Advances in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, 61–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31528-2_10.

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Ely, T., P. K. Predecki, X. Zhu, M. Eatough, R. Goehner i R. Lucernoni. "Measurement of the Refraction Correction for Asymmetric Grazing Incidence Xrd from Rough Surfaces and Powders". W Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 381–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5377-9_42.

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Geffen, David I. "Refractive Inlays". W Surgical Correction of Presbyopia, 53–58. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003526667-8.

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Martén, Lisa, David I. Geffen, Tracy Schroeder Swartz, Monica Youcefi, Amanda J. Setto i Paul J. Dougherty. "History of Refractive Surgery". W Surgical Correction of Presbyopia, 3–8. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003526667-2.

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Neatrour, Kristin, Lisa Sitterson i George Waring. "Overview of Refractive Lens Exchange". W Surgical Correction of Presbyopia, 77–86. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003526667-11.

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Nevyas-Wallace, Anita, Cynthia J. Roberts, Robert Weinstock i Neel R. Desai. "Corneal-Based Astigmatism Correction". W Refractive Lens Exchange, 73–84. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003526285-10.

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Ianchulev, Sean. "Intraoperative Aberrometry". W Intraocular Lens Calculations, 673–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_45.

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AbstractIntraoperative aberrometry (IA) has advanced high-precision ocular biometry from the clinic into the surgical suite. Additional optical biometric data during cataract surgery can enhance surgical decision-making and help improve fidelity and refractive outcomes of IOL implantation. This is particularly timely in the age of premium IOLs and higher patient expectations for reduced post-surgical refractive errors, spectacle independence, and astigmatism correction. IA is one of the first examples of automated biometric systems with cloud-based connectivity in ophthalmology.
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Kim, Eric J., i Mitchell P. Weikert. "Using Vector Analysis to Calculate Surgically Induced Astigmatism and Refractive Change". W Surgical Correction of Astigmatism, 7–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56565-1_2.

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Li, Yanxing. "Corrections for Atmospheric Refraction in Precise Leveling". W Sea Surface Topography and the Geoid, 178–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7098-7_20.

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Gross, Erik, i Seema Somani. "Variable Spot Scanning and Wavefront-Guided Laser Vision Correction". W Aberration-Free Refractive Surgery, 171–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18161-0_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Correction de refraction"

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Yu, Wenkang, i Fengxun Gong. "Analysis and Correction of Atmospheric Refraction Effects on MLAT". W SAE 2023 Intelligent Urban Air Mobility Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-7070.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The non-uniformity of the atmospheric medium induces the refraction effect in signal propagation, causing the bending of propagation paths and a propagation velocity slower than the speed of light. Consequently, it affects the time of arrival and, in turn, influences the performance of Multilateration systems(MLAT). This research analyze the influencing factors of atmospheric refraction and employs Innsbruck sounding data to fit a refractive index profile. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance in predicting the refractive index for the Innsbruck region compared to the three traditional models: the three-segment model, the exponential model, and the double exponential model. Furthermore, this study unveils the impact of atmospheric refraction on time difference observations and the mechanism leading to positioning errors. To address this, a novel atmospheric refraction correction algorithm based on the Taylor method is introduced and its effectiveness is verified.</div></div>
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Servos, James, Michael Smart i Steven L. Waslander. "Underwater stereo SLAM with refraction correction". W 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2013.6696833.

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Verliac, M., i T. Sarniak. "Refraction correction on a sonic calibration". W 54th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201410631.

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A. S. Al-Shuhail, A. "Refraction Statics Correction in Sand Dunes". W 68th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2006. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402198.

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Holst, Roger, Stephen Jumper i Howell Pardue. "An interactive seismic refraction statics correction method". W 1985 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. SEG, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892672.

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Hou, Xichang, Zeyuan Feng i Qingpo Ma. "Joint application of refraction static correction and tomographic inversion static correction". W Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference and Exposition. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3603576.

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Zhang, Haotong, Yongheng Zhao i Huoming Shi. "Atmospheric refraction effect and its correction in LAMOST". W SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, redaktor Jacobus M. Oschmann, Jr. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.550852.

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Tao, Guo, i Zhou Ning. "The precision inspection of waves refraction correction method". W 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsn.2011.6013860.

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Medina, L., N. Gonzalez-Salido, J. Camacho, M. Perez-Liva, J. L. Herraiz i J. M. Udias. "Refraction correction in Full Angle Spatial image Compounding". W 2016 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gmepe-pahce.2016.7504650.

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Hayashi, Koichi, i Hideki Saito. "Automatic correction of velocity structures in seismic refraction prospecting". W SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1826445.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Correction de refraction"

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Atkinson, E. A. Regional mapping and qualitative petroleum resource assessment of the Magdalen Basin, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331452.

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The Geological Survey of Canada conducted a broad regional study of the Magdalen Basin in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, as part of the Marine Conservation Targets initiative. MCT is a national initiative to protect more of Canada's offshore areas, and resource assessment and related regional mapping are part of the review process. This study assembled a large seismic and geologic database that allowed new regional mapping of several key horizons in this basin. Digital seismic data was donated by industry, and reprocessing undertaken both in-house and with contractors. Wells were correlated and tops from literature were used to indentify regional reflection packages. Regionally consistent two-way time interpretations add to confidence. Depth conversion used regional time-depth functions from literature, which were developed from refraction data, with a residual correction for the water column. Nine regional depth maps and eight isopach maps were produced, including Pre-Horton Basement, Horton Group Isopach, Base Windsor Group, Top Salt, Top Bradelle Formation, Bradelle / Cumberland Isopach, and Top Cable Head Formation. These maps illustrate that the Pre-Horton basement is about 15 km deep in the centre of the basin. Two main trends are visible in the Horton Grabens, which may relate to basin formation, and no significant reactivation of deeper Appalachian structure is observed. In the basin centre, the more robust Base Windsor Unconformity horizon reaches about 12 km deep, and a key reservoir and source sequence in the Bradelle Formation reaches 7 km. These maps are useful for considering regional stratigraphy. The new mapping also constrained basin models and became the input for our Qualitative Petroleum Potential map. Basin modelling reveals scenarios where oil may be preserved. The petroleum potential of the region is highest north of Îles de la Madeleine and southeast of Îles de la Madeleine and northwest of Cape Breton.
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Vittitoe, C. N., i R. L. Schmidt. Refractive aiming corrections for satellite observation of stars. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/451209.

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