Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Corps Bavaria (Munich, Germany)”
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Kruse, Christian. "Preparing for an Emergency: Building and Organisational Measures". Atlanti 25, nr 2 (20.10.2015): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.2.61-70(2015).
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Using the example of Bavaria, the article provides a summary of the building measures contributing towards the means to deal with emergencies in the archiving area. In a second part, the current situation regarding the establishment of emergency networks between archives and other cultural institutions in Germany is described. In Bavaria, emergency networks are currently being prepared in Augsburg and Munich.
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Wilson, Johnnie B. "A foxy loxy and a lallapalagram". Teaching Children Mathematics 16, nr 8 (kwiecień 2010): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.16.8.0492.
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It is easy to fall into the trap of thinking that teaching mathematics should greatly differ from teaching language arts. The subjects are usually scheduled separately in the school day. Classroom teachers at Munich International School in Starnberg, Bavaria, Germany, did not pay much attention to what language means to learning and teaching mathematics—until their geometry students offered language surprises that reminded their teachers how important language is.
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Maehle, Andreas-Holger. "Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany". Gesnerus 68, nr 1 (11.11.2011): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-06801004.
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Comparing two public medical affairs which involved disciplinary proceedings and libel actions, one from Bavaria and one from Prussia, this article analyzes the dynamics behind legal conflicts over doctors’ professional ethics in Imperial Germany. In both the case of Dr Maurice Hutzler, who com mitted suicide after conflicts with senior colleagues at the Gisela Children’s Hospital and a sentence of the court of honour of the Munich Medical District Society, and the Berlin “patient trade” affair, in which the medical professors Ernst von Leyden, Hermann Senator, Karl Anton Ewald and Carl Posner were accused of having made payments to middlemen for bringing them lucrative private patients, notions of personal and professional honour played a central role. The Munich case highlighted shortcomings of the Bavarian medical court of honour system, which was less developed than its Prussian counterpart. The analysis of the two cases suggests that the ethics of medical practice in early twentieth-century Germany should be viewed as part of a culture of honour.
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Utesch, Matthias Christoph. "A Successful Approach to Study Skills: Go4C´s Projects Strengthen Teamwork". International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 6, nr 1 (22.02.2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i1.5359.
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The Pupils´ Academy of Serious Gaming at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) deploys the business game Go4C as a tool to learn study skills. Especially, the project management feature of Go4C is a reliable instrument to successfully strengthen teamwork skills of students at the upper vocational schools of Bavaria/ Germany. We enable the pupils to change their learning perspective from school student to university student by participating in a regular course at TUM based on project-based learning with Go4C. The goal is to learn how to self-assess and develop those activities which are important for one´s personal study skills at an early stage before leaving school.
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Legge, Jr., Jerome S. "Opór wobec procesów w sprawie zbrodni wojennych: masakra w Malmédy, niemieckie Kościoły a kontrwywiad amerykański CIC". Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, nr 9 (1.12.2013): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.586.
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War crimes trials roused considerable resistance in Germany. Here the author analyzes opposition to the Malmédy Trial, conducted at Dachau in 1946, citing documents made available under the 1998 Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act – in particular those of Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop of Munich Johannes Neuhäusler and regional Protestant bishop Theophil Wurm of Württemberg. These clergymen helped reduce sentences and obtain clemency for perpetrators. Munich lawyer and activist Rudolf Aschenauer, a close associate of Neuhäusler, coordinated a large network devoted to thwarting the convictions of the former Waffen-SS men. The author traces U.S. Army Counterintelligence Corps (CIC) monitoring of both Aschenauer and the bishops.
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Lüdecke, Cornelia. "Neumayer’s impact on meteorology in Germany". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 123, nr 1 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs11035.
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When Georg von Neumayer (1826–1909) had a practical training with Johann von Lamont (1805-1879) at the observatory at Bogenhausen (today part of Munich), he learnt not only about astronomical observations and the construction of instruments, but also about magnetic and meteorological measurements, as well as the organisation of networks of stations and the importance of publication of measured data and their analysis. When he became first Director of the Deutsche Seewarte (German Maritime Observatory) in Hamburg (1876–1903) he subsequently introduced weather telegraphy and synoptic meteorology and installed a workshop for the development and calibration of meteorological and magnetic instruments and compasses. He also initiated the establishment of a weather service in Bavaria and the aerological (kite) station at Groß Borstel close to Hamburg (1903). Under his guidance the Deutsche Seewarte soon took over a leading role in Germany, which was confirmed in Neumayer’s membership in the International Meteorological Committee (1879–1888). Finally he became the founding President of the Deutsche Meteorologische Gesellschaft (German Meteorological Society) in 1883. This can be regarded as a further important step for the institutionalisation of meteorology as a discipline in Germany.
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Walter, Elias, Leonard von Bronk, Reinhard Hickel i Karin Christine Huth. "Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Care during a National Lockdown: A Retrospective Observational Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 15 (28.07.2021): 7963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157963.
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The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has challenged dental health professions. This study analyzes its impact on urgent dental care in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Munich and Bavaria, Germany. Patient numbers without and with positive/suspected COVID-19 infection, their reasons for attendance, and treatments were retrospectively recorded (February–July 2020) and linked to local COVID-19 infection numbers, control measures, and numbers/reasons for closures of private dental practices in Bavaria, Germany. Patient numbers decreased within the urgent care unit and the private dental practices followed by a complete recovery by the end of July. While non-emergency visits dropped to almost zero during the first lockdown, pain-related treatments were administered invariably also in patients with positive/suspected COVID-19 infections. Reasons for practice closures were lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of employees, staff’s increased health risks, and infected staff, which accounted for 0.72% (3.6% closures in total). Pain-driven urgent dental care remains a constant necessity even in times of high infection risk, and measures established at the beginning of the pandemic seem to have provided a safe environment for patients as well as oral health care providers. PPE storage is important to ensure patients’ treatment under high-risk conditions, and its storage and provision by regulatory units might guarantee a stable and safe oral health care system in the future.
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Astramowicz-Leyk, Teresa. "Instytucje i organizacje w Monachium na rzecz uchodźców – wybrane aspekty". Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie 39, nr 3 (2023): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm20230306.
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Russia’s war in Ukraine has been ongoing since 2014, but initially Russian actions took the form of a hybrid war. Ukraine was in peaceful relations with the rest of the world when Russia seized Ukraine’s Crimea without a declaration of war and waged war in Donbass. Its full-scale scope, launched on February 24, 2022, was unprecedented in post-war Europe and caused several million people living in the invaded country to leave Ukrainian territory. The purpose of this article is to show how organizations and institutions in Munich are addressing the influx of refugees into the city, including refugees from Ukraine. As a research hypothesis, it was assumed that in Germany, including Munich, the German experience of 2015 and subsequent years in accepting newcomers from the Middle East played a huge role in solving the problems of refugees from Ukraine after February 24, 2022. The basic research problems are contained in questions such as: what changes in asylum law have been made in Germany by the federal government; who in the city of Munich is entitled to assistance and what benefits does it cover?; what is the assistance to refugees provided by the Office for Housing and Migration in Munich?; what does the Office for the Prevention of Homelessness do?; what are the tasks of the Local Mediation Office?; what are the competencies of the so-called Social Service for the Deaf?; what is the scope of activities of the Office of Return Assistance?; what are the return offices in Bavaria?; what are the activities of the Office for Intercultural Work?; what is the scope of activities of the Foreign Qualification Development Service Center? The leading research method used in the research conducted is institutionallegal analysis.
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Planert, Ute. "From Collaboration to Resistance: Politics, Experience, and Memory of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in Southern Germany". Central European History 39, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 676–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000227.
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Travelers strolling through Stuttgart's Old Town who pause before Württemberg's royal residence can hardly fail to notice the Victory Column. Thirty meters high, it towers over the square and proclaims Crown Prince Wilhelm's victories against the armies of Napoleon in 1814. Erected in 1841, the Victory Column marked the Silver Jubilee of Wilhelm's reign, by that time a much-loved regent. Eight years earlier, at the twentieth anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig, the Bavarian king Ludwig I dedicated a memorial to the dead of the Russian Campaign. Evidently cast from the metal of French cannons, the massive obelisk dominates a crossroads in Munich—roads named after victorious battles fought during the Wars of Liberation. With their military campaigns engraved in stone, the two monarchies, Württemberg and Bavaria, demonstrated their zealous opposition to the French Emperor.
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Koswara, Aang, i Syauqy Lukman. "Communication competence of Indonesian workers in intercultural interaction in Munich and Canberra". Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi 10, nr 2 (29.12.2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41976.
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The discourse of intercultural communication competence is increasingly important in the globalized world. However, there need to be more studies reported on the communication competence of Indonesian workers in intercultural interaction, particularly in the host country Germany and Australia. This study investigates communication competence in the intercultural interaction of Indonesian workers in two cities, Munich and Canberra. It focuses on intercultural challenges encountered by Indonesian workers working at different corporations and organizations in Munich and Canberra. Using qualitative methods, we examine Indonesian workers' intercultural awareness, sensitivity, and language competence in the host cities. This ethnographic study is based on interviews and informal conversations with Indonesian workers in Munich and Canberra and observations through the engagement of the researchers in the various Indonesian Diaspora community in the two cities. Based on thematic analysis, two empirical findings are essential to everyday intercultural interaction. First, intercultural awareness and sensitivity explain the knowledge and experiences of Indonesian workers on local rules and regulations, culture, and history of the host cities. Second, language competence describes the ability of Indonesian workers to understand the accents and dialects (German Bavaria and English Australian) and to overcome language barriers in everyday work and community life. The study concludes that participants have different experiences implementing communication competence in everyday interaction. It depends on the intercultural interaction intensity of Indonesian workers with their colleagues and the local community.
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Fisher, Alexander J. "THESAURUS LITANIARUM: THE SYMBOLISM AND PRACTICE OF MUSICAL LITANIES IN COUNTER-REFORMATION GERMANY". Early Music History 34 (23.09.2015): 45–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127915000066.
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AbstractA venerable form of petitionary prayer, the litany emerged as a key aural expression of Counter-Reformation Catholicism around the turn of the seventeenth century, particularly in the confessionally contested borderlands of the Holy Roman Empire. Its explicit projection of the dogma of sanctoral intercession, rejected soundly by Protestant theologians, helped to make the litany a flashpoint for religious controversy. Especially in the duchy of Bavaria, the northern bastion of the Counter-Reformation, the litany flourished in a wide variety of monophonic and polyphonic forms that reflected its fluid position on a spectrum between oral and written traditions. This essay explores the usage and significance of the litany in Counter-Reformation Germany, focusing especially upon the Thesaurus litaniarum (Treasury of Litanies, 1596) by Georg Victorinus, music director of the Munich Jesuits. Intimately connected with currents of Catholic reform in German-speaking lands, this great anthology illustrates the varied and creative ways in which composers responded to the litany’s distinctive ebb and flow of titles and petitions to holy intercessors.
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Loidl, Verena, Kerstin Ziegler, Dagmar Hoppmann, Christian Wagner, Urban M. Fietzek, Andrés O. Ceballos-Baumann i Eva Grill. "Implementation and the effects of a Parkinson Network Therapy (PaNTher) on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients: study protocol of an mixed-method observational cohort study in outpatient care". BMJ Open 13, nr 11 (listopad 2023): e075338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075338.
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IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) represents the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. It is characterised by complex motor and non-motor symptoms that lead to considerable disability. Specialised physiotherapy has been shown to benefit patients with PD. TheParkinson Netzwerk Therapie(PaNTher) was created to improve access to specialised physiotherapy tailored to care priorities of PD patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability and needs of the PaNTher network by neurologists and physiotherapists involved in the network in outpatient care.Methods and analysisThis is a mixed-method, prospective, pragmatic non-randomised cohort study of parallel groups, with data collection taking place in Bavaria, Germany, between 2020 and 2024. Patients with PD insured by theAllgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Bayern(AOK Bayern) living in Bavaria will be recruited for study participation by network partners. Patients in the intervention group must reside in Munich or the surrounding area to ensure provision of specialised physiotherapy in close proximity to their place of residence. Controls receive care as usual. Six and 12 months after baseline, all patients receive a follow-up questionnaire. Mixed-effect regression models will be used to examine changes in impairment of activities of daily living and quality of life of patients with PD enrolled in the programme over time compared with usual care. Qualitative interviews will investigate the implementation processes and acceptability of the PaNTher network among neurologists and physiotherapists. The study is expected to show that the PaNTher network with an integrative care approach will improve the quality and effectiveness of the management and treatment of patients with PD.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee at the medical faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (20-318). Results will be published in scientific, peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.
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Mordzilovich, Anna A. "The General and the Nuncio: the history of relationship between Erich Ludendorff and Eugenio Pacelli". Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, nr 1 (2022): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-1-276-287.
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The relationship between German general Erich Ludendorff (1865–1937) and Eugenio Pacelli (1876–1958), the apostolic nuncio in Germany and the future Pope Pius XII (1939–1958) are studied. The research is based on the numerous E. Ludendorff’s memoirs and reports that E. Pacelli sent to Rome. The relationship between the general and the archbishop can be described as mutual animosity. The clashes of these historical figures are studied in the context of political events in Munich in the first half of the 1920s. Much attention is paid to E. Ludendorff’s anti-Catholic statements and their impact on the public opinion in Bavaria after the Beer Hall Putsch trial. For the nuncio, these events served as yet another proof that nationalism was the main threat of the 20th century. It is concluded that further study of this issue will help deepen the understanding of the Weimar Republic’s political and religious life.
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Schill, Helen, Uta Christine Wölfle, Reinhard Hickel, Norbert Krämer, Marie Standl, Joachim Heinrich i Jan Kühnisch. "Distribution and Polarization of Caries in Adolescent Populations". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 9 (3.05.2021): 4878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094878.
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The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of adolescents with severe caries to analyze the prevalence of caries and to visualize the unequal distribution. Data from three epidemiological studies (10- and 15-year-olds: GINIplus and LISA cohorts in Munich, Bavaria; 12-year-olds: LAGZ survey in Bavaria, Germany) with 2875 adolescents were available for analysis. All individuals were examined according to the WHO standard. Statistics included the calculation of mean dmft/DMFT values (standard deviation), Significant Caries Index (SiC) values, Specific Affected Caries Index (SaC) values, and Lorenz curves. Overall caries-free status was 58.6% in primary and 83.9% in secondary teeth (10-year-olds), 61.5% (12-year-olds), and 64.6% (15-year-olds). The proportion of 12- and 15-year-olds with at least four DMFTs was 9.4% and 8.3%, respectively. In addition, eight 15-year-olds with DMFT values ≥8 (0.6%) were registered. The SaC/SiC values amounted to 1.8/0.9 DMFT (10-year-olds), 2.6/2.8 DMFT (12-year-olds), and 2.5/2.5 DMFT (15-year-olds). The mean DMFT values in the upper 1% of subjects were 4.2 DMFT (10-year-olds), 8.5 DMFT (12-year-olds), and 8.5 DMFT (15-year-olds). Thus, caries is not equally distributed throughout adolescence, but individuals with severe caries are rare. Nevertheless, further interdisciplinary research seems to be needed to clarify potential risk factors.
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Nistor, Adina-Lucia. "Rumänische Suffixnamen auf -ean(u) in Deutschland". Philologica Jassyensia 37, nr 1 (28.06.2023): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.60133/pj.2023.1.07.
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This study aims to document Romanian surnames in Germany derived with the suffix -ean(u), starting from the telephone database of Deutsche Telekom from 2005. The morphological contrast between the variants that take an article and the ones that do not shows their similar distribution on the map, specifically in southern and western Germany, in the states of Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hessen and North Rhine-Westphalia, in the areas of important industrial and university centres such as Munich, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Ingolstadt, Stuttgart, Freiburg, Mannheim and Frankfurt. This picture of the spread of Romanian surnames derived with the suffix -ean(u) is similar to that of the surnames ending in -escu, as well as to that of other foreign surnames, such as the Turkish, Italian, Portuguese or Greek ones, which proves the settlement of immigrants in the same highly industrialized areas of Germany. The most frequent surnames ending in -ean(u) in Germany are Muntean(u) (88+80), Ardelean(u) (65+14), Mărginean (23), Ungurean(u) (21+31), C(î|â)mpean(u) (18+11), Oltean(u) (12+22). Historically, the Romanian names derived with the suffix -ean(u) appear in the 15th century (e.g. Coman Făgărășanul 1437–1446), are derived from toponyms and indicate the place of origin of the first named. The onomastic suffix -ean(u), of Slavic origin, is present in all historical Romanian provinces, theform -ean, with no article, being much more frequent in Transylvania.
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Zwicker, Lisa Fetheringill. "Contradictory Fin-de Siècle Reform: German Masculinity, the Academic Honor Code, and the Movement against the Pistol Duel in Universities, 1890–1914". History of Education Quarterly 54, nr 1 (luty 2014): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12045.
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The pistol remains the weapon of cripples, the senile, and those infected with a communicable disease. The murder instrument of the highwayman, the dastardly, insidious pistol, is the preferred weapon of the officer.—Hugo Böttger, Editor of theBurschenschaftliche BlätterEven though fraternity men glorified their duels with swords, a series of frivolous pistol duels with deadly ends led students to organize a movement against pistol duels that swept German universities in 1902 and 1903. Students argued that pistol duels violated the rules of reason, morality, and religion—and were thus also purportedly un-German. Male students organized assemblies, made passionate speeches, and passed resolutions in opposition to the pistol duel. They then sent these resolutions to the War Ministers in Prussia, Bavaria, and Saxony. Burschenschaft fraternity men built on their long tradition of liberal political activism and convened assemblies in Berlin, Bonn, Breslau, Freiburg, Giessen, Greifswald, Halle, Kiel, Königsberg, Leipzig, Marburg, Munich, Rostock, and Tübingen and passed resolutions inspired by the movement. Some of these assemblies drew large numbers of students, for example, 600 students in attendance in Leipzig, 1,500 in Munich, and 1,500 in Freiburg. In Berlin, leaders of 67 organizations representing 2,400 members signed petitions against the pistol duel. Other universities not included were majority Catholic institutions, such as Münster or Würzburg, where the opposition to all forms of the duel was even stronger as a result of the Catholic Church's prohibition against dueling. Reaching universities throughout Germany, this movement united students from across the political spectrum.
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Niehaus, Konstantin. "Augschburgerisch auf Facebook: Enregisterment und Mediatisierung eines urbanen Dialekts". Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik 73, nr 1 (4.09.2020): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfal-2020-2037.
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AbstractThis article examines language and local identity in an urban space analysing the enregisterment of a local variety at one of the most relevant dialect borders in Germany: the Bavarian city of Augsburg which is in close proximity to both Upper Bavaria and Bavaria’s capital Munich. The local dialect of Augsburg mixes Swabian-Alemannic and Bavarian features and it is because of this mix that Swabians, the group to which the Augsburgians are generally deemed to belong to, are often regarded not to be ‘proper’ Bavarian speakers. Augschburgerisch has become a stylized register with authenticated sociolinguistic features and can thus be employed to construct local identity and index a stereotyped group of speakers, e. g. that local dialect speakers are down-to-earth but grumpy and close-lipped towards strangers. This study examines Augsburgian on social media by qualitatively analysing posts from a local Facebook group. In these posts, authentification practices are used to resolve the ambiguous nature of what it means to be ‘Bavarian’ and the intricacies imposed on the speakers by the border situation while also highlighting the users’ creativity via ironic role alignments.
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Zelenka, Tomáš. "Construction of a Geophysical Observatory in Fürstenfeldbruck in Germany". Advances in Science and Technology 108 (27.07.2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.108.17.
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The article deals with the construction of a geophysical observatory in the town of Fürstenfeldbruck, Bavaria, Germany. The observatory is being built for the Technical university in Munich. The main function of the observatory is to measure changes in the Earth ́s spin rate or, its axes deviations etc., which can occur with physical impulses in a form of, for example, an earthquake or nuclear explosion etc. Measuring such physical phenomena is important and the data is used to adjust navigation of satellites orbiting the Earth. As there were installed unique measuring tools in the building, the construction materials and building process itself has had to be carefully chosen and though through. The observatory is placed underground and has shape of a tetrahedron. The top of the construction is oriented in direction to the Earth ́s centre. To secure the pit the sprayed shotcrete was used and reinforced with AR Glass. To anchor the pit horizontally they also used the AR Glass. After finishing the pit, the central shaft was built and situated vertically from the top of the tetrahedron in direction to the Earth ́s surface and to the top of the tetrahedron base. Under a layer of concrete, there is a PE HD pipe DN 630 in every wall to connect the tetrahedron top with the base tops. There are several concrete shafts situated in each top tetrahedron base and also, at half of the span between the tetrahedron base tops. All these concrete shafts on the ground are interconnected by plinth beam with one another. The plinth beam contains three PE HD pipes DN 140. This type of construction was chosen as there is laser circling in the tetrahedron base, its top, and between tetrahedron top and base. In every shaft there is installed a measuring instrument, which is very sensible when in contact with steel parts. The sensibility to steel was a reason for employing only glass reinforcement GFK in every concrete part of this construction.
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Gensichen, Jochen, Isabel Zöllinger, Ildiko Gagyor, Anita Hausen, Michael Hölscher, Christian Janke, Thomas Kühlein i in. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people in need of care or support: protocol for a SARS-CoV-2 registry". BMJ Open 13, nr 5 (maj 2023): e071134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071134.
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IntroductionPeople in need of care or support are severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We lack valid data of long-term assessments. We present a register study to detect the physical and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people in need of care or support in Bavaria, Germany. To describe the persons’ life conditions comprehensively, we assess the perspectives and needs of the respective care teams too. Results will serve as evidence-based source to manage the pandemic and long-term prevention strategies.Methods and analysisThe ‘Bavarian ambulatory COVID-19 Monitor’ is a multicentre registry including a purposive sample of up to 1000 patient–participants across three study sites in Bavaria. The study group consists of 600 people in need of care with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Control group 1 comprises 200 people in need of care with a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, while control group 2 comprises 200 people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test but are not in need of care. We assess the clinical course of infection, psychosocial aspects and care needs using validated measures. Follow-up is every 6 months for up to 3 years. Additionally, we assess up to 400 people linked to these patient–participants (caregivers, general practitioners (GPs)) for their health and needs. Main analyses are stratified by level of care I–V (I=minor/V=most severe impairment of independence), inpatient/outpatient care setting, sex and age. We use descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse cross-sectional data and changes over time. In qualitative interviews with 60 stakeholders (people in need of care, caregivers, GPs, politicians), we explore interface problems of different functional logics, of everyday and professional perspectives.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board of the University Hospital LMU Munich (#20-860) and the study sites (Universities of Wurzburg and Erlangen) approved the protocol. We disseminate the results by peer-reviewed publications, international conferences, governmental reports, etc.
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Rauhut, Oliver W. M., Christian Foth i Helmut Tischlinger. "The oldestArchaeopteryx(Theropoda: Avialiae): a new specimen from the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary of Schamhaupten, Bavaria". PeerJ 6 (26.01.2018): e4191. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4191.
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The iconic primeval birdArchaeopteryxwas so far mainly known from the Altmühltal Formation (early Tithonian) of Bavaria, southern Germany, with one specimen having been found in the overlying Mörnsheim Formation. A new specimen (the 12th skeletal specimen) from the earliest Tithonian Painten Formation of Schamhaupten (Bavaria) represents the so far oldest representative of the genus. The new specimen shows several interesting anatomical details, including the presence of a postorbital in contact with the jugal, the presence of a separate prefrontal and coronoid, and opisthocoelous mid-cervical vertebrae. Based on observations on the new specimen, we discuss several problematic issues concerningArchaeopteryx, including the monophyly and diagnosis of the genus, the absence/presence of the sternum, the position of the gastralia, and variation in morphometrics and dental morphology in that genus. Based on a new diagnosis for the genusArchaeopteryx, the Berlin, Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Munich, Daiting, Thermopolis, 11th, and 12th specimens can be referred to this genus with high certainty. The Maxberg specimen is very probably also anArchaeopteryx, based on overall similarity, although none of the diagnostic characters can be evaluated with certainty. The ninth specimen (‘chicken wing’) might beArchaeopteryx, but cannot be referred to the genus with any certainty. In comparison with other paravians, the presence of distally thickened anterior pectoral ribs indicates that a rather large cartilagenous sternum was present in this taxon. In contrast to non-opisthopubic theropods, opisthopubic taxa, such asArchaeopteryxand many other paravians, have the posterior end of the gastral basket preserved at about half-length of the pubis, which might reflect the post-mortem collapse of enlarged abdominal air sacs in these taxa. Specimens that can be referred toArchaeopteryxshow a high amount of variation, both in the morphometrics of the limb bones as well as in the dentition. In respect to the latter aspect, variation is found in tooth number, spacing, orientation, and morphology, with no two specimens showing the exact same pattern. The significance of this variation is unclear, and possible explanations reach from high intraspecific (and possibly ontogenetic and/or sexual dimorphic) variation to the possibility that the known specimens represent a ‘species flock’ ofArchaeopteryx, possibly due to island speciation after the initial dispersal of the genus into the Solnhofen Archipelago.
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Augensen, Harry J., Brian D. Mason i William I. Hartkopf. "Wulff Dieter Heintz (1930-2006)". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S240 (sierpień 2006): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307006321.
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Wulff Dieter Heintz, Professor Emeritus of Astronomy at Swarthmore College, passed away at his home on 10 June 2006, following a two-year battle with lung cancer. He had just turned 76 a week earlier. Wulff was one of the leading authorities on visual double stars, and was also a chess master. A prominent educator, researcher, and scholar, Wulff was noted for being both succinct and meticulous in everything he did. Wulff Heintz was born on 3 June 1930 in Würzburg (Bavaria), Germany. Naturally left-handed, the young Wulff's elementary school teachers forced him to learn to write “correctly” using his right hand, and so he became ambidextrous. During the 1930s, Wulff's family saw the rise of Adolph Hitler and lived under the repressive Nazi regime. Conditions were austere, and it was often difficult to find fuel to keep the house warm. As a teenager during World War II, Wulff listened to his family radio for any news from the outside world. He used to say that he loved the blackouts during the bombing runs because it made it much easier to see the stars. One night, an incendiary bomb landed on the roof of his family home, and Wulff climbed up to the roof and extinguished it. The next morning, he saw that his high school had been completely leveled by Allied bombs. As Germany continued to suffer massive losses on the Russian Front, primarily due to unexpectedly severe winters, teenage boys were inducted into the military and sent off to replenish the troops. To avoid an uncertain fate, Wulff hid out in a farmhouse in the countryside outside Munich. When the Allied troops invaded Germany in 1945, the young Wulff volunteered to translate information from the American and British soldiers to the local villagers. During this time, the soldiers taught Wulff how to smoke cigarettes, a habit which he continued until his final days, even after having been diagnosed with lung cancer.
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Δόνος, Δημοσθένης Αρ. "Προσωπογραφία του Franz Xaver von Predl". Πρεβεζάνικα Χρονικά, nr 53-54 (31.12.2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/prch.28279.
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Στις 6 Φεβρουαρίου 1833 ο Όθων φθάνει στο Ναύπλιο, την τότε πρωτεύουσα του νεοσύστατου ελληνικού κράτους, συνοδευόμενος από το βαυαρικό επικουρικό στρατιωτικό σώμα το οποίο κατά τα έτη 1833-1835 πραγματοποίησε πολλές αποστολές ανά την τότε ελληνική επικράτεια. Ο αριστοκρατικής καταγωγής Franz Xaver von Predl, ο οποίος υπηρέτησε στο σώμα ως αξιωματικός, μετά την επιστροφή του στη Βαυαρία δημοσίευσε τα ενθυμήματά του από την Ελλάδα.Το παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζει για πρώτη φορά μια σχολιασμένη μετάφραση και ιστορική ανάλυση των κεφαλαίων που αφιερώνονται στη χρονική περίοδο κατά την οποία ο v. Predl βρισκόταν με το τάγμα του στη Βόνιτσα και επισκέφτηκε στην αντίπερα όχθη του Αμβρακικού κόλπου –ο οποίος τότε αποτελούσε τη συνοριακή γραμμή μεταξύ των δύο επικρατειών– την τελούσα υπό οθωμανική κυριαρχία Πρέβεζα, όπως και την αρχαία Νικόπολη.Επιπλέον, η αφήγηση του Predl αντιπαραβάλλεται με τις εντυπώσεις περιηγητών που επισκέφθηκαν την περιοχή κατά την ίδια περίπου περίοδο αλλά και με όσα καταγράφονται στα γνωστά, αλλά μεταγενεστέρως εκδοθέντα ενθυμήματα του Χριστόφορου Νέεζερ, ο οποίος υπηρέτησε επίσης στην ίδια περιοχή ως αξιωματικός του επικουρικού σώματος. Τοιουτοτρόπως, αποκομίζει κανείς μια εξαιρετικά εναργή ιστορική και κοινωνική εικόνα αυτού του μεθοριακού χώρου.Αbstractn the 6th February 1833, Otto of Bavaria, the elected king of Greece,arrived at Nauplion, then capital of the newborn kingdom of Greece,accompanied by a Bavarian auxiliary corps that between 1833 and 1835 undertookvarious missions to many regions of the Greek state. Franz Xavervon Predl, a Bavarian aristocrat, served at this corps as first lieutenant, andimmediately after his return to Germany published a book about his Greekadventure. This article provides for the first time an annotated translation andhistorical analysis of the chapters concerning Predl’s stay with the army atthe town of Vonizza as well as his visits in the Ottoman town of Preveza andthe nearby ancient Nicopolis, all located in the region of Ambracian Gulf,then a borderline zone between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
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Artizov, A. N., i S. V. Kudryashov. "French Documents on the Beginning of the World War II". MGIMO Review of International Relations, nr 3(66) (28.07.2019): 202–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-202-246.
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The Federal archival agency, the Russian Ministry of foreign affairs and the Russian Historical Society organized in 2018 a large-scale historical documentary project (an exhibition and online publication) on the background and consequences of the Munich Agreement (November 1937 – March 1938)11 This year marked by the 80th anniversary of the beginning of Second World War the project is to be continued in the form of an exhibition and an online publication of archival documents. We offer our readers some French documents. They are stored at the Russian State Military Archive in the fund «The Ministry of War of France. Military districts, fortified areas, army, corps, divisions, regiments, brigades, military educational institutions and other military organizations» (RGVA. F. 198k).) The fund contains materials on the activities of the French highest military bodies and their units, as well as documents on the headquarters and garrisons of the French military fortresses. These documents were moved from Germany to Moscow after the end of World War II and subsequently were incorporated into the foreign funds of RGVA. In 1993–1994 on the basis of bilateral intergovernmental agreement on cooperation in the field of state archives, identification and return of archival documents and on the basis of the Federal Law of April 15, 1998 No. 64-ФЗ «On Cultural Values Moved to the USSR as a Result of the Second World War and Located on the territory of the Russian Federation» the documents of the 198k fund were transferred to France. The most valuable of the them were microfilmed; their copies are kept in the RGVA on the rights of originals. The two documents being published in this issue of MGIMO Review of International Relations are part of the 198k fund (second inventory), containing documents from French military attachés in European countries, which focus on their political and economic situation, armed forces, countries occupied by Germany, foreign and domestic USSR policy, the state of the Red Army, as well as intelligence reports of the 2nd bureau of the General Staff of the French army. Both documents: Note by the French military attaché in the USSR O.-A. Palace to the Minister of National Defense and the Minister of War of France E. Daladier about the strategic situation in Eastern Europe and its influence on the position of the USSR government on the conclusion of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet agreement on mutual assistance of July 13, 1939 (RGVA. F. 198. Op. 2. D. 466. L. 43–50) and the Report of the French Military Attaché in Poland F. Musse to the Minister of National Defense and the Minister of War of France E. Daladier on the influence of Poland on the course and results of the Anglo-French-Soviet negotiations of August 24, 1939 (RGVA. F. 198k. Op.2. D. 292. L. 148–166) are published in Russian translation for the first time.
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Kater, Michael H. "Nazism and the Third Reich in Recent HistoriographyMichael N. Dobkowski and Isidor Wallimann, eds., Towards the Holocaust: The Social and Economic Collapse of the Weimar Republic, Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1983, 422 pp., cloth.Thomas Childers, The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933, Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1983, xiv, 367 pp., cloth.Lawrence D. Stokes, ed., Kleinstadt und Nationalsozialismus: Ausgewählte Dokumente zur Geschichte von Eutin 1918-1945, Neumünster: Karl Wachholtz Verlag, 1984, 1032 pp., cloth.The Third Reich, 1933-1939: A Historical Bibliography, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio Information Services, 1984, xii, 239 pp., cloth.Ian Kershaw, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich: Bavaria 1933-1945, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983, xv, 425 pp., cloth.Hartmut Mehringer et. al., Die Parteien KPD, SPD, BVP in Verfolgung und Widerstand (=Bayern in der NS-Zeit V), Munich and Vienna: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, xvi, 677 pp.Elke Fröhlich, Die Herausforderung des Einzelnen: Geschichten über Widerstand und Verfolgung (=Bayern in der NS-Zeit VI), Munich and Vienna: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 262 pp." Canadian Journal of History 20, nr 1 (kwiecień 1985): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.20.1.85.
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"Federal Republic of Germany: Court of Appeals of Munich Decision in X Company and Attorney Y v. Bavaria". International Legal Materials 28, nr 6 (listopad 1989): 1570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900017290.
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Heese, Helena, Adine Marquis, Michaela Diercke, Inessa Markus, Stefanie Böhm, Jasmin Metz, Katharina Katz, Manfred Wildner i Bernhard Liebl. "Results of the enhanced COVID-19 surveillance during UEFA EURO 2020 in Germany". Epidemiology and Infection 150 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268822000449.
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Abstract In general, mass gatherings might pose a risk to the public health (PH). The UEFA EURO 2020 tournament (EURO 2020) was one of the first mass gathering events since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Germany. To allow early detection and response to any EURO 2020-associated impact on the COVID-19-related epidemiological situation, we initiated enhanced surveillance activities using the routine surveillance system in collaboration with the regional PH authority of Bavaria. Several preventive measures regarding the attendance of football matches and public viewing were implemented according to state regulations. We describe the results from the enhanced surveillance during the EURO 2020. In total, five cases who had attended a football match in the stadium of Munich, nine cases, who attended a football match in a stadium outside of Germany, and 123 cases in association with public viewing events were identified by enhanced surveillance. Concluding, the EURO 2020 seems to not have had a major impact on the COVID-19 pandemic development in Germany. Health measures for stadium visitors and the restriction of large public viewing events may have potentially contributed to the low case numbers detected, emphasising the need of appropriate PH surveillance and regulations to limit the potential risk to PH during mass gathering events.
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Rotter, Gabriele, Lisa Schollbach, Sylvia Binting, Christina Dornquast, Johannes Scherr, Florian Pfab i Benno Brinkhaus. "Use of Complementary Medicine in Competitive Sports: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study". Complementary Medicine Research, 4.11.2020, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511247.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although complementary medicine is frequently used in Germany, there is almost no information about complementary medicine use in competitive sports. The aim was to assess the use of complementary medicine among elite athletes in Germany. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional study among athletes was performed between March 2012 and September 2013. Athletes of both sexes who visited a sports medical outpatient clinic in Munich, Bavaria were included. Data about the use of complementary medicine were collected by means of a standardized measurement instrument, the German version of the international complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 334 athletes (female 25%, mean age 20.2 ± 6.6 years) who completed all 4 sections of the questionnaire, 69% reported the use of at least one type of complementary medicine within the last 12 months. 505 athletes (female 26%, mean age 20.5 ± 7.0 years) completed at least one section of the questionnaire entirely. Within 12 months, the osteopath (11%), herbal medicine (17%), vitamins/minerals (32%), and relaxation techniques (15%) were the most frequently visited/used in relation to the respective sections of the questionnaire. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Complementary medicine is frequently used by athletes in Germany. The efficacy, safety, and costs of complementary medicine should be investigated in clinical trials among athletes in the future.
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Hanke, Kirsten, Stefan Fiedler, Christina Grumann, Oliver Ratmann, Andrea Hauser, Patrycja Klink, Karolin Meixenberger i in. "A Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreak Among People Who Inject Drugs in Munich, Germany, Is Associated With Consumption of Synthetic Cathinones". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, nr 6 (27.05.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa192.
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Abstract Background Needle and syringe sharing among people who inject drugs (PWID) can result in a rapid regional spread of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variant. Such outbreaks have been identified recently in several countries and have raised public health attention because of an association with new psychoactive substances (NPS). Methods Dried serum spots from approximately 60% of newly diagnosed HIV cases in Germany in 2013–2018 were received together with statutory notification data. Samples were sequenced in the pol-region, genotyped, and viral phylogenies were analyzed. For selected samples, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) status and the presence of NPS were determined. Results An outbreak of closely related 27 subtype C infections with a core of 11 cases with almost identical sequences was identified using phylogenetic analyses. The first case of the outbreak was diagnosed in 2015, and the last one was in 2018. With exception of 3 infections, all were reported from Munich, the capital of the federal state of Bavaria. Of 26 analyzed outbreak members, 24 (92.3%) had a resolved or viremic HCV coinfection. In 8 of 18 (44%) cases, α-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone and/or the related substance α-pyrrolidinoheptiophenone was identified. Conclusions Despite harm reduction services in place, HIV outbreaks of considerable size can occur in PWID. The establishment of a real-time molecular surveillance is advised to rapidly identify outbreaks and target prevention measures.
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Hohl, Hannah Tuulikki, Christian Heumann, Camilla Rothe, Michael Hoelscher, Christian Janke i Guenter Froeschl. "COVID-19 Testing Unit Munich: Impact of Public Health and Safety Measures on Patient Characteristics and Test Results, January to September 2020". Frontiers in Public Health 10 (22.03.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.856189.
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To assess the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions, the number of reported positive test results is frequently used as an estimate of the true number of population-wide infections. We conducted a retrospective observational analysis of patient data of the Corona Testing Unit (CTU) in Munich, Bavaria, Germany between January 27th, and September 30th, 2020. We analyzed the course of daily patient numbers over time by fitting a negative binomial model with multiple breakpoints. Additionally, we investigated possible influencing factors on patient numbers and characteristics by literature review of policy papers and key informant interviews with individuals involved in the set-up of the CTU. The 3,963 patients included were mostly young (median age: 34, interquartile range: 27–48), female (66.2%), and working in the healthcare sector (77%). For these, 5,314 real-time RT-PCR tests were conducted with 157 (2.94%) positive results. The overall curve of daily tests and positive results fits the re-ported state-wide incidence in large parts but shows multiple breakpoints with considerable trend changes. These can be most fittingly attributed to testing capacities and -strategies and individual risk behavior, rather than public health measures. With the large impact on patient numbers and pre-test probabilities of various strategic and operational factors, we consider the derived re-ported incidence as a poor measurement to base policy decisions on. Testing units should be prepared to encounter these fluctuations with a quickly adaptable structure.
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Siemensmeyer, Tobias, Cornelia Spengler, Klaus Schwenk i Hans Jurgen Hahn. "GroundCare - Invertebrates as indicators for untreated water and intrusion of surface water in water supply systems". ARPHA Conference Abstracts 1 (19.10.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aca.1.e30410.
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Functioning, healthy groundwater ecosystems are essential for high quality drinking water, and they minimize costs of processing groundwater for drinking purposes. GroundCare is a multidisciplinary project, which is led by the Helmholz Institute in Munich, Germany and funded by the BMBF (German federal Ministry of education and Research). The aim is to parametrize and to quantify groundwater ecosystem services as a basis for sustainable water management and water pollution control by biomonitoring. In other words: the development of biological assessment techniques. Multiple parameters are evaluated (physico-chemical parameters, microbial and fauna community composition, ecotoxicological effects). Invertebrate fauna is investigated at five sites all across Germany. During the project, molecular identification through DNA Barcoding and Metabarcoding of groundwater invertebrates is being implemented and compared to traditional morphological bio-assessment. The subterranean fauna can be used as bio-indicators to validate groundwater conditions, in particular surface water intrusion. For the water suppliers, surface water intrusion means an increased risk of contamination. The discrimination of epigean from stygobiotic fauna is the simple and basic idea of this approach. A very specific kind of water treatment is used by the water works in Würzburg (Bavaria), one of the fife study sites, which is located directly along the Main river bank. Uncommonly, they use part time river bank filtration if land-side groundwater levels are low. Another possibility is the extraction of Main River water by near-bank wells, followed by intensive water treatment and then the water is infiltrated again. The question asked was, whether the fauna indicates this specific situation or not. In the area, three types of subsurface waters can be distinguished, which are land-side groundwater, riverbank water and artificially infiltrated Main river water. Representative bores were sampled four times over one year for invertebrates. First results clearly show that the faunal patterns reflect these different hydrological situations.
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Brüntrup, Godehard. "Editorial: „Special Focus on Holm Tetens’s ‚Thinking God‘ (‚Gott denken‘)“". Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 59, nr 4 (23.11.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nzsth-2017-0026.
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SummaryIn Germany, Holm Tetens is an influential analytic philosopher of science, mind, and logic. For many years he had been arguing within the widely accepted framework of naturalism and atheism. It came, to put it mildly, as a surprise to the entire philosophical community in Germany when he published a book defending theism in 2015. In this book “Thinking God” he claims that physicalism is an incomplete account of reality, because the mental and ideal realm cannot be reduced to the physical realm. As an alternative, he develops a version of theistic idealism which stands in the tradition of “panentheism”. Human subjectivity is fully embedded into the all-encompassing divine subjectivity. In dealing with the problem of theodicy, he then argues that the hope for eternal life and salvation by a supremely good being makes life more meaningful, esp. because it offers a prospect for justice to the countless victims of history. To Tetens, the worldview of naturalism and the worldview of theistic idealism are on the one hand both equally rational and defensible. On the other hand, both cannot be defeated by knock-down arguments. In closing, he urges his peers in philosophy to take the question of God seriously again. Shortly after the publication of the book, the Catholic Academy of Bavaria and the Munich School of Philosophy jointly organized an international master class on Tetens’s views which was taught by himself. The papers published in this issue grew out of this master class. For each paper by a young scholar there is also a reply by Tetens. The following editorial addresses specifically the German-speaking audience. It was thus not translated into English. All original papers discussing Tetens’s views and his replies to these, however, were written in English for the sake of reaching a larger worldwide readership.
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Boyko, Zoia, Nataliia Horozhankina i Serhii Ivantsov. "HOTEL MANAGEMENT AS A COMPONENT OF THE COUNTRY'S HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY)". Market Infrastructure, nr 75 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/infrastruct75-39.
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Dissertation studies of Ukrainian scientists devoted to the development of the hotel industry are considered. Ukrainian researchers pay considerable attention to the issues of the development of the country's hotel industry, its management, improvement of the quality of hotel services, spatial optimization of establishments, etc. A detailed analysis of the hotel industry of the countries of the world has not been found in the works of domestic scientists. The dynamics of the number of overnight stays in tourist facilities in Germany for the period 2018–2022 were considered. It was established that during this period the maximum rate of overnight stays fell on 2019 and amounted to 495.6 million units. A significant decrease in the number of overnight stays (about 40%) occurred in 2020 and 2021, which is due to restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, when there was a ban on accommodation for tourists from November 2020 to December 31, 2021, and for business travelers were allowed to live only if their stay was "absolutely necessary". In 2022, about 450.8 million overnight stays of tourists were recorded in tourist facilities in Germany. This indicator is only 9% less than in 2019, which indicates the active travel of tourists and the restoration of the functioning of accommodation facilities. An analysis of the number of overnight stays made by domestic and foreign tourists for the period 2018–2022 in the country's tourist accommodations was carried out. It was established that the number of nights spent by domestic tourists is higher. An analysis of hotels in Germany by star category was carried out. It was established that the most represented star category among German hotels is three stars, the second place was occupied by four-star hotels. Spatial analysis of the number fund by federal states of Germany was carried out. The leader in the number of hotel rooms is the region of Bavaria (39%), the last position is occupied by the region of Baden-Württemberg (0.1%). The leading cities in terms of number of hotels are highlighted: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Frankfurt. These megacities control one third of the total room stock of the country's hotel market.
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Diehl‐Schmid, Janine, Sarah Kohl i Monika Trojan. "The DECIDE‐initiative: A multi‐dimensional project aiming to reduce sedative drugs of patients with dementia in long term care". Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S20 (grudzień 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.073121.
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AbstractPrescription prevalence of sedative drugs – mostly used for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms ‐ in patients with dementia in Germany is approximately 40%. Since sedative drugs cause a variety of adverse effects and might reduce quality of life significantly, the aim must be to use sedative drugs only as much as necessary and as little as possible.The DECIDE initiative was founded at the Department of Psychiatry at the Technical University of Munich and funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of Health. DECIDE uses a multidimensional approach to raise awareness among all stakeholders in the health care system for a more conscious and responsible use of sedative medication in people with dementia and thus to sustainably reduce the frequency of prescriptions.The DECIDE initiative includes a webpage (www.decide.bayern) with thorough and comprehensive information for informal and formal caregivers, legal guardians, nursing staff and doctors; a telephone hotline for patients and caregivers; network building; awareness campaigns; and continuing education.A particular important component of the DECIDE‐initiative is the DECIDE LTC‐visits. So far, 30 randomly chosen LTC facilities in Bavaria have been visited by a medical specialist for gerontopsychiatry. In each facility the gerontopsychiatrist offered a training event for the nursing home staff in order to explain behavioral symptoms, non‐pharmacological interventions, and the effects and side effects of sedative drugs, as well as the potential for deprescribing. In each attending LTC facility the prescription prevalence of sedative drugs was assessed. Medical and nursing records were checked in order to find out, if deprescribing – according to a deprescribing algorithm that was recently developed within the DECIDE project (Roßmeier et al., 2022, Nervenarzt) ‐ could be recommended. The prescribing prevalence as assessed in 1492 residents with dementia was 51%. In 70 out of 202 residents describing could be recommended and was discussed with the treating physician.One year follow‐up visits will show if the DECIDE initiative is able to sensitize physicians and nursing homes to the problem of sedating psychopharmacotherapy and the potential for deprescribing, reflected then in a lower prescription prevalence.
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Sapoutzis, Nikolaos, Antonius Schneider, Tom Brandhuber, Pascal O. Berberat i Marjo Wijnen-Meijer. "Programs to encourage working as a general practitioner in rural areas: why do medical students not want to participate? A cross-sectional study". BMC Medical Education 22, nr 1 (17.08.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03688-x.
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Abstract Background In many countries, not enough students are interested to work as general practitioners in rural areas. To solve this problem, several, sometimes partly extracurricular, programs have been developed. Most of these programs are based on continuity, which means that students stay in a rural region for an extended period of time, by completing clerkships. Although the effects of these programs are positive, it is often difficult to motivate students to participate. The purpose of the present study is to get insight into the reasons why students choose not to participate in these programs. Methods We carried out a questionnaire study among medical students in the clinical phase of the Technical University of Munich in Germany. First, we asked the students whether they actively informed themselves about the program which aims to reduce the shortage of general practitioners in rural areas in Bavaria. Furthermore, the questionnaire focused on the reasons for not participating in this program. Results Based on the answers of 442 students from study years 3–6, the most frequently chosen reason for not participating in the program is “identification with another discipline” with 61.0%, directly followed by “not willing to commit long-term” (56.1%). In third place is “personal connections to another region” with 30.5%. In the open comments, we find the same reasons: many students do not want to commit to a certain direction too early. In addition, students indicate that the number of regions where this program is offered is too limited for them. Conclusions Offering programs to prepare and motivate students for work as general practitioners in rural areas can contribute to increasing the pool of future general practitioners. To encourage students to participate in such a program, it is important to consider the motives of students. Many students who might be interested in general practice do not choose to take part in such a program because they do not want to commit to a particular specialty or region at an early stage. It is important to take these insights into account when designing and implementing these programs.
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Нелипович, С. Г. "Periodization of Military Operations on the Russian Front During the First World War". Istoricheskii vestnik, nr 44(2023) (26.06.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.35549/hr.2023.2023.44.011.
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На основе изучения комплекса источников и сложившейся исторической литературы предложена новая периодизация действий на Русском ТВД в 1914–1917 гг. – по кампаниям, в которых действия сторон подчинялись единой цели; названия кампаний предложены как по сезону (месяцам) действия, так и по географическому принципу – по наиболее важному пункту приложения военных усилий сторон (Лодзинская, Горлицкая). Уделено внимание изменению в ходе отдельных кампаний или операций решаемых вооруженными силами сторон задач, замыслов командования, способов вооруженной борьбы, перемещениям сил и средств. Приводится описание трех кампаний: общее наступление армий Центральных держав на Русском ТВД (июль–август 1915 г.), осенняя кампания 1915 г. на русском фронте (сентябрь–ноябрь 1915 г.), зимне-весенняя кампания 1916 г. Летняя кампания 1915 г. (июль–август) была ознаменована общим наступлением армий Центральных держав. Германскими войсками группы армий П. фон Гинденбурга в ходе летней Праснышской и Риго-Шавельской операций было нанесено поражение армиям правого крыла Северо-Западного фронта. Группа армий А. фон Макензена в ходе Висло-Бугской (Брестской) операции создала угрозу окружения русских армий между Вислой и Бугом, достигла Волыни и Полесья. Русские войска оставили Варшаву, потеряли крепости Ивангород, Рожан, Ковно, Новогеоргиевск, Осовец, Брест-Литовск. Германский Генеральный штаб в лице Э. фон Фалькенхайна считал достигнутой цель действий, намеченную на декабрьском совещании 1914 г. После захвата Вильно и Гродно в сентябре германское Главнокомандование начало выводить войска с русского фронта для операций во Франции и на Балканах (10 корпусов). Австро-венгерские Северные армии начали Луцко-Ровненскую операцию, но их наступление было вскоре остановлено, и армии Юго-Западного фронта перешли в контрнаступление. С конца сентября и германские войска групп армий Гинденбурга и принца Леопольда Баварского также перешли к обороне, отражая контрудары армий Северного и Западного фронтов. Инициатива была отдана противником русским войскам, но понесенные потери вынуждали их воздерживаться от активных действий до пополнения и восстановления сил. Взаимное истощение сил привело к первому длительному периоду затишья на Русском фронте с середины ноября 1915 г. до конца мая 1916 г. Этот период затишья делится на два этапа. На первом – до конца января 1916 г. – стороны предпринимали время от времени активные действия для улучшения занимаемых рубежей. Второй этап связан с подготовкой и осуществлением наступления армий Северного и Западного фронтов – Нарочской операции в марте 1916 г., закончившейся неудачей, и подготовкой генерального наступления к лету 1916 г. Для настоящего исследования автором привлечены и введены в научный оборот фонды военных архивов России, Австрии, Венгрии, Германии, уровня от высших штабов и органов государственной власти и управления до отдельных частей (полков, батальонов) включительно, изданные и неизданные именные списки потерь противоборствующих армий. Based on new sources and the established historical literature, an innovative periodization of actions in the Russian Theater of war Operations in 1914–1917 is proposed. This approached is according to campaigns in which the actions of the parties were subordinated to a single goal. The names of the campaigns are proposed both by season (months) of action and by geographical principle – according to the most important point of application of the military efforts of the parties (Lodz, Gorlitskaya). Attention is focused upon the changes in the course of individual campaigns or operations of the tasks solved by the armed forces, the plans of the command, methods of armed struggle, and movements of forces and capabilities. The Russian Theater of Operations (July-August 1915), the autumn campaign of 1915 on the Russian front (September-November 1915), and the winter-spring campaign of 1916 are described in three campaigns: the general offensive of the armies of the Central Powers on the Russian Theater of Operations (July-August 1915), the autumn campaign of 1915 on the Russian front (September-November 1915), and the Summer Campaign of 1915 (July-August) were marked by a general offensive of the armies of the Central Powers. The German troops of the P. von Hindenburg army Group defeated the armies of the right wing of the Northwestern Front during the summer Prasnysh and Rigo-Chavel operations. The army group of A. von Mackensen during the Vistula-Bug (Brest) operation created a threat of encirclement of the Russian armies between the Vistula and Bug, and reached Volhynia and Polesie. Russian troops left Warsaw, and lost the fortresses of Ivangorod, Rojan, Kovno, Novogeorgievsk, Osovets, Brest-Litovsk. The German General Staff, represented by E. von Falkenhayn, believed that the goal of action outlined at the December 1914 meeting had been achieved. After the capture of Vilna and Grodno in September, the German High Command began withdrawing ten corps from the Russian front for operations in France and the Balkans. The Austro-Hungarian Northern Armies launched the Lutsk-Rivne operation, but their offensive was soon stopped, and the armies of the Southwestern Front launched a counteroffensive. From the end of September, the German troops of the Hindenburg and Prince Leopold of Bavaria army groups assumed the defensive, reflecting the counterattacks of the armies of the Northern and Western Fronts. The initiative was given by the enemy to the Russian troops, but the losses forced them to refrain from active actions until replenishment and recuperation. Mutual exhaustion of forces led to the first long period of calm on the Russian Front from mid — November 1915 to the end of May 1916. This period of calm is divided into two stages. During the first stage, until the end of January 1916, the parties took active actions from time to time to improve the occupied borders. The second stage is connected with the preparation and implementation of the attack of the armies of the Northern and Western Fronts, the Naroch operation in March 1916, which ended in failure, and the preparation for the general offensive by the summer of 1916. For this research, the author has introduced into consideration the funds of the military archives of Russia, Austria, Hungary, Germany, from the highest headquarters and state authorities and management bodies to individual units (regiments, battalions) including published and unpublished nominal lists of losses of the opposing armies.