Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „CORPORATE ECOSYSTEM”

There is a great scope for management of the human resources present within the ecosystem of an organisation through the use of analytics. Functions in a corporate environment relies on quantitative measurements defined by the pre-requisite techniques identified by the industry, which allows them to identify, measure, analyse, & take corrective measures to increase their efficiency or productivity. As Human resource management has evolved into the spine of an organisation, as it is the only field of study that bridges the gap between the performance of their employees and the strategic objectives (Consolidation of Mission, Vision, & Objectives) of the organisation. Thus, Human Resource Analytics can provide a surgical insight over the general and complex functions of the Human resource managers, allowing them to effectively initiate a micro and macro strategy, and quantitatively measure the hypothesis, eliminating the possibilities of elements of the personal bias defined by an Individual. This paper tries to understand the methodologies and strategies that can be used by Human Resource Analysts to use Statistical methodologies and HR Metrics to identify, analyse, & effectively improve the functions of Human Resource Management through Data Integration, Workforce Analysis & Insight Generation.

In modern, fast moving business environments it is crucial for established corporations to find new sources of innovativeness in order to secure their competitiveness and long-term survival. Startups could be such a new source of innovativeness. Unfortunately, it is difficult for startups and corporations to cooperate. Mostly, this is because of the companies’ organization and the different way they operate. To overcome this gap, corporations started to get engaged with business incubators. Even though this phenomenon can be observed in practice already, little research has been done to better understand the forms this collaboration could have or the motives leading to such a cooperation. By studying an incubator that is engaged with established companies in many different ways, various forms of relationships could be identified. Moreover, based on the descriptions of those types of collaboration and in depth interviews, the motives leading corporations and incubators to get involved in various ways could be identified. The empirical contribution of this thesis is to better understand how established corporations can get engaged with entrepreneurial activity and startups in particular.

Henkel's New Business team is a corporate venturing unit that explores corporate entrepreneurial activities on behalf of Henkel Adhesives Technologies. The new business ideas are implemented through one of these models: incubator, venturing or innovation ecosystem. In current practice, there is no systematic framework in place to choose the implementation model. The goal of the thesis is to propose a framework for choosing the most appropriate model for implementation of a new business idea in Henkel. The thesis approaches the topic on practical and theoretical grounds. The first part outlines the related literature and theoretical focus. The literature covers definitions and theories of incubator, corporate venturing, corporate venture capital, innovation ecosystem and investment decision-making process. The practical approach relates to the company case studies of Philips, 3M and BASF. In this thesis, each model is analyzed based on a broad literature review, case studies and personal interviews with experts. The second part is the main discussion and analysis of the topic assembling with practical examples in Henkel. It comes to a recommendation that Henkel should prioritize and choose the most appropriate model for the new business proposal after the "concept scoping" stage, and before detailed investigation. It also proposes a scorecard framework that entails 14 key criteria for choosing the mode: degree of market competition, potential disruptiveness, technological risk, time to market, strategic alignment, degree of customization, dependency of related industries, technological newness of related industries, idea source, protectability of intellectual property, internal expertise, technological competence, commercial competence and parenting advantages. Furthermore, a new business developing strategy matrix is constructed based on two dimensions: strategic importance and operational relatedness. It is to further check the accuracy and validity of the results from the scorecard framework. Finally, it is suggested that future research can be done to improve the framework by adding weightings and scale of each criteria within the framework.

Incubators have become a popular way for corporations to stay in front of their competition because,y pos today´s startups are an immense spring of innovation as many possess emerging innovation. These corporate incubators offer the startups a support system where they can test and leapfrog their innovations, and add innovation to the corporations. However, there is a large difference between these two parties, which makrs successful collaboration a challenge.  This study examines how to improve this collaboration based on information obtained through an embedded case study of a large corporate incubator and startups present within it. The main findings suggest three important factors for a large enterprise to gain the most value out of their incubators: (1) clear communication, (2) startups need to know what their  objective is, and (3) incubator support from the organization. To leverage startup innovation in a corporate incubator and to attain these three factors, three building blocks for a corporate incubator have been identified: selection process, case building, and graduation.
Inkubatorer har blivit ett populärt sätt för företag att vara konkurrenskraftiga eftersom dagens startups är en enorm källa av innovation. Dessa företagsinkubatorer erbjuder startups ett supportsystem där de kan testa och accelerera deras innovationsprocess och erbjuda innobation till företagen. Men, det är emellertid en stor skillnad mellan dessa två parter, vilket gör ett framgångsrikt samarbete till en utmaning.  Denna studie undersöker hur man kan förbättra detta samarbete baserat på information som erhållits genom en fallstudie av en stor företagsinkubator och dess startups. Resultatet av denna fallstudie är tre viktiga faktorer som behövs för att ett företag ska få ut det mesta av deras inkubator. (1) Tydlig kommunikation, (2) medvetenhet från startups av vad de behöver och (3) inkbatorstöd från hela företaget. För att utnyttja den innovation som startups tillför och för att uppnå dessa tre faktorer, tre delar av processen för en företafsinkubator identifierades: Urvalsprocessen, sammarbetsfasen och examen.

This paper explores a case study of a Swedish tool steel company undergoing a transition from traditional environmental management practices to an enterprise identifying its place as part of a social-ecological system. The Corporate Ecosystem Services Review (ESR) was utilized by the company to begin this process by focusing on ecosystem services to determine how an ESR approach contributes to environmental management in practice. What resulted moved beyond the ESR to a tailored methodology, the internalization of a systems perspective, and a proposed new environmental management system. The results of the study provide a concrete, effective method for internalizing a systems perspective through a focus on ecosystems and presents a case for further analysis into what made it successful. It also provides an example of translating theory into practice, illustrating how a company can engage in sustainable development by valuing and managing the resilience of social-ecological systems through identifying their place in that system. The value of the results can be high for the case study company as well as for business in general.

Ecosystem services, capturing the benefits and values of functioning ecosystems for human well-being, is a concept receiving increasing attention both in science and policy. This study investigates the utility of considering ecosystem service in the ecological restoration of a river affected by small-scale hydropower. While hydropower is a renewable energy source, it has impacts on the ecological status in water sheds and generates issues addressed e.g. by the EU Water Directive. To mitigate ecological impacts, and maintain hydroelectricity production that better correspond to the Water Directive, several restoration measures are carried out in river Billstaån, County of Jämtland, Sweden.   This study presents an ecosystem service perspective of the restoration process in river Billstaån linked to recommendations in terms of further interpretation, monitoring and communication of the assessment results. By applying evaluation of ecosystem services to the case of river Billstaån, it is examined to what extent ecosystem service descriptions can give support in monitoring and communication of the results of the ecological restoration efforts.   Ecosystem services were assessed for the restoration outcomes in river Billstaån using the two frameworks Corporate Ecosystem Service Review (ESR) and Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Assessment (TESSA), respectively. The ecosystem services deemed most important partly differed between the two frameworks due to different assessment perspectives. However, both ESR and TESSA pointed out ecosystem services connected to recreation and tourism as important, indicating a potential regarding recreational use of the area. Such socio-economic impacts of the restoration project was not included in the planning of the restoration, but if identified and utilized such “added benefits” might give opportunities for local rural development beyond the restoration work itself.   Contrasting the results from the ecosystem service assessment of river Billstaån towards the Swedish Environmental Objectives identified two direct and seven indirect connections. Through these connections the restoration project can be presented in relation to national goals. Indicating such connections can help in communicating the ecosystem service perspective. For future monitoring of project outcomes in river Billstaån, a set of potential indicators were identified using an ecosystem service approach, that can complement the planned monitoring of ecosystem functions. For future monitoring of ecosystem service development it is advisable to use a combination of indicators that reflect both the ecosystem function availability and the ecosystem service use. Three types of illustrations that can support different perspectives in future communication regarding ecosystem services in river Billstaån were identified in this study and termed system, overview and single service perspective. Example illustrations include a Causal Loop Diagram, a hot-spot map and a range of photos, respectively. The illustrations are deemed to present the assessment results in a more accessible way and can be adapted to a diversity of future communication settings.

Betyg 2017-06-14

In order to make robust decisions on how to deal with future ecosystem changes, managers need to be aware of the complexity, uncertainty, thresholds and surprises that are inherent characteristics of social-ecological systems. The subject of this paper is the use of scenarios as a tool to increase corporate responsiveness to change by improving decision making on the sustainable management of complex dynamic ecosystems. Scenarios were shown to be a useful tool to integrate in the systematic management of corporate risks and opportunities that may arise as a result of these future changes in ecosystems. Although the scenarios did not contribute to the identification of any additional risks and opportunities, they did have the capability to make the ESR into a better communication tool. The specific objectives of this paper were firstly, (i) to discuss the use of scenario analysis and how it works, secondly, (ii) demonstrate how scenarios can be integrated into the Ecosystem Service Review (ESR) methodology, and finally, (iii) present the benefits such integration would bring to decision makers. A case study was carried out at Lantmännen, to fulfill these objectives. This paper demonstrates that integrating scenarios in the ESR can make issues regarding ecosystem services and biodiversity more easily understandable and also deliver a sense of urgency for action. This proves critical when communicating strategies to other decision makers within an organization and in order to successfully manage risks and grasp opportunities arising as a result of changing ecosystems.

The thesis explores how monetisation of corporate externalities, can be carried out in order to provide investors, policy makers and consumers with accurate pictures of the true costs and benefits of business operations from a resilience and ecosystem services perspective. By drawing conclusions from company cases, and previous research – methods, drivers and monetary values of impacts such as carbon dioxide, water usage, pollutants and land use are analysed. The findings reflect opportunities that open up with monetisation, in terms of tools for guidance and support in internal corporate decision making, by making the actual impacts visualised and understandable. Findings from company cases, show that monetisation of corporate effects has potential to contribute to visualising impacts – and add knowledge that may close information gaps internally as well as externally. It can guide and facilitate strategic choices at corporate level. It may also have a role in bridging information asymmetries in the picture of a firm’s operation, to consumers and investors. Monetising effects may facilitate identification of risks arising from ecosystem services dependencies, visualising the actual impacts by, assed costs in losses in ecosystems’ production (yields e.g.) caused by corporate harm.Providing relevant information to policy makers, on obstacles and where regulative incentives are needed, and investors and consumers with guidance, monetisation of impacts potentially can play a part in bridging market information gaps toward better incentive structures and possibly facilitating effective market transformation in favor of sustainable production and consumption patterns.

Governments at the bottom of the pyramid are putting an increasing amount of trust inthe private sector to help build infrastructure and alleviate poverty. Therefore, finding better ways to support local entrepreneurial initiatives is crucial. Corporations and organisations alike are starting BoP initiatives to help with these challenges, yet knowledge of how these challenges can best be solved remains underdeveloped. It is suggested that creating shared value through partnerships between corporations and the BoP can help alleviate poverty as well as benefit the corporation. In sharing knowledge and resources with the BoP, corporations can also help develop the entrepreneurial ecosystem in BoP regions. Research regarding entrepreneurial ecosystems in the BoP or the workings of partnerships within BoP markets such as the Sub-Saharan African BoP is scarce. Through a thematic study of perspectives on entrepreneurship and partnerships from three different stakeholder groups active in the Sub-Saharan African BoP market, this study seeks to add to the existing body of literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and partnerships in BoP markets. Our findings suggest that partnerships between entrepreneurs and corporations could help mitigate some ofthe challenges entrepreneurs face, provided the stakeholders have shared goals and commitment to achieve impactful and mutually beneficial results. Currently, these goals appear to be slightly misaligned.

Public institutions own the greater proportion of the world’s forests and wooded areas —about 86%. In general, there are important regional variations of the proportion of state and private or municipal ownership. Recent European studies in the forestry sector show that nearly half of the European Union (EU) forests are publicly owned – around 42%. Considering the importance of forest resources, it is essential to ensure they are used sustainably. National governments and different agreements regulate use of forest resources; however, the actual manager has the greatest responsibility over the exploitation of the resource. Bearing in the mind the ownership structure of the forests in Europe, state forest organizations play an important role in the management of forest resources. This key place is justified by the overall duties they are dealing with and of course by their resourcefulness and significant influence on stakeholders. The future of forests and forestry strongly depends on the direction of state forest organizations development. In fact, the forestry sector has undergone enormous changes in the past decades, but the forest institutions in many countries have been slow to adapt to these changes. Changes in the forest sector normally do not happen quickly, it takes a longer time that in other sectors. The main reasons to explain this fact are that, firstly, investments in forestry may take several generations to yield returns. Secondly, foresters are generally conservative, feeling more comfortable with forest botany rather than with social concerns that prevail forestry nowadays. Therefore, while the demands and expectations of society have changed, the structure of most forest institutions have remained largely unchanged. Despite the conservative mode of most forest institutions, a number of changes have taken place in the sector. Agrawal, Chhatre, and Hardin (2008) state that major features of modern forest governance include decentralization of forest management, logging concessions in publicly owned commercially valuable forests, and timber certification, mainly in temperate forests in the developed world and, additionally privatization of state-owned enterprises. In addition, the rise of labor costs and a decrease in timber prices forced the sector to undertake radical rationalization of production processes. It resulted in intensive mechanization of harvesting and personnel reduction. Despite the importance of state owned forest and the changes it faces, there is little literature about management of state forests, the lack of such literature is particularly palpable in the European countries. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to narrowing the knowledge gap about the topic by clarifying the role of state forest in the EU countries, its status, trends, challenges and opportunities. The work applies a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including a review of reporting system, qualitative, quantitate data analysis, Principal Component Analysis, cluster analysis and case study research. Chapter II of the dissertation investigates the reporting system of State Forest Management Organizations (SFMOs). This chapter explores how SFMOs report about their activities, what kind of information is available and the way they present it to the public. Therefore, the questions of transparency and accountability of State organizations are examined. Chapter III seeks to group SFMOs in the EU according to their management priorities and to see if they are influenced by characteristics of the forest sector of their countries. The existence of different forest management alternatives is essential for sustainable forest management (SFM) and this knowledge should be shared between forest experts, the forest industry, and various interest groups. Chapter IV presents a discussion about a management model of the Cansiglio (CF) forest in Italy (a publicly owned forest) as a case study. In this case, I analyze the main priorities, outcomes and possible scenarios for the future development of this publicly owned forest. In terms of the main findings about the information disclosure of SFMOs, there is the lack of a coordinated reporting framework or a minimum standard of indicators in common use. Comparability between SFMOs is limited due to the use of different indicators, periods and units of measure. Another important focus of the dissertation is the comparative synthesis of different management models of SFMOs; it can be observed that the countries under study show an application of different management priorities and SFMOs apply diverse business strategies. With the help of the cluster analysis, we obtained three SFMOs’ clusters (C1, C2, and C3) and three outliers (O1, O2 and O3). The clusters present different approaches SFMOs use in prioritizing pillars of SFM: C1 has diversified goals, C2 behaves as a protector of public interests and C3 is commercially oriented. This division is partly defined by natural conditions of the country where the organizations are located, but also by the decisions of an organization itself (e.g. profit-oriented in Ireland, a country with a low forest cover and, on the other side, Czech Republic – profit oriented SFMO in the country with a high forest cover). The case study (the Cansiglio forest in Italy, Veneto region) presents a management model of a publicly owned forest with clear objectives and a vision for the next 5-10 years. The CF has diversified goals providing production of timber and social services. Specific attention is given to recreational activities as there is an increased demand from society for ecotourism and outdoor recreation. The management of the forest is performed by the regional administration together with some private actors (e.g. concessioner, logging companies). Among four presented scenarios, the fourth scenario "Long-term forest concessions signed by private enterprises" was evaluated as the most promising. To conclude, SFMOs in Europe have adopted different organizational models in their management. However, they have common tendencies. Among the most notable are (i) they are owned by the state but function as a private unit; (ii) functions of supervision and management are separated and divided between different institutions; (iii) SMFOs often engage the help of private companies to perform some activities; (iv) SFMOs increase attention to the environmental and social pillar of SFM; (v) SFMOs have low level of information disclosure. As the main recommendations to SFMOs, there are two clear priorities: the need to optimize the balance between the three SFM pillars (social, economic and ecological) and also a need for improvement in their reporting systems and communications with the public.
Le istituzioni pubbliche sono proprietarie della maggior parte delle foreste e delle altre aree boscate del mondo, circa l’86%. Esistono tuttavia importanti differenze a livello regionale nella proporzione tra proprietà statali, private o comunali. Studi europei nel settore forestale mostrano che quasi la metà delle foreste dell'Unione europea (UE) sono di proprietà pubblica - circa il 42%. Considerando l'importanza delle risorse forestali, è essenziale assicurarne un uso sostenibile. I governi nazionali e diversi accordi intergovernativi regolamentano l'utilizzo delle risorse forestali, tuttavia, sono i gestori forestali che hanno la più alta responsabilità sullo sfruttamento delle risorse forestali. Tenendo presente la struttura fondiaria delle foreste europee, le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali hanno un ruolo importante nella gestione delle risorse forestali. Questa importanza è giustificata dagli impegni globali che hanno assunto e, naturalmente, dalle numerose risorse a disposizione e dall’influenza che hanno sugli stakeholder. Il futuro delle foreste e della gestione forestale dipende quindi fortemente dalla direzione di sviluppo delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali. Il settore forestale ha subito enormi cambiamenti negli ultimi decenni, ma le istituzioni forestali di molti paesi sono state lente ad adattarsi a questi cambiamenti. I cambiamenti nel settore forestale normalmente non sono rapidi e sicuramente sono più lenti che in altri settori. Le ragioni principali per spiegare questo sono diverse. In primo luogo, gli investimenti forestali possono richiedere diverse generazioni per produrre ritorni d’investimento. In secondo luogo, i forestali sono generalmente conservatori, sentendosi più a proprio agio con la botanica forestale piuttosto che con le questioni sociali che prevalgono il settore oggi. Pertanto, mentre le esigenze e le aspettative della società sono cambiate, la struttura della maggior parte dei dipartimenti forestali è rimasta sostanzialmente invariata. Nonostante l’approccio conservativo della maggior parte dei dipartimenti forestali, numerose modifiche hanno avuto luogo nel settore. Agrawal, Chhatre e Hardin (2008) affermano che le principali caratteristiche di una moderna governance forestale includono il decentramento della gestione, concessioni di taglio in foreste pubbliche di alto valore commerciale e la certificazione forestale, soprattutto nelle foreste temperate del mondo sviluppato, oltre alla privatizzazione delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali. In aggiunta, l'aumento del costo del lavoro e la diminuzione dei prezzi del legname hanno costretto il settore a intraprendere una radicale razionalizzazione dei processi produttivi, risultata in intensa meccanizzazione delle utilizzazioni e della riduzione del personale. Nonostante l'importanza delle foreste statali e dei cambiamenti che sta vivendo, c'è una scarsa letteratura scientifica sulla gestione delle foreste statali, e questa mancanza è particolarmente riscontrabile in Europa. Pertanto, questo lavoro mira a contribuire alla riduzione del divario conoscitivo sul tema chiarendo il ruolo delle foreste statali nei paesi dell'UE, il suo status, le tendenze, le sfide e le opportunità. Il lavoro si basa su una combinazione di metodi qualitativi e quantitativi, tra cui una revisione del sistema di reporting, l'analisi quantitativa e qualitativa dei dati, la Principal Component Analysis, l'analisi dei cluster e casi studio. Il capitolo II della tesi esamina il sistema di reporting delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali. Questo capitolo esplora come le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali riportano le loro attività, quali informazioni sono disponibili e il modo in cui le presentano al pubblico. Pertanto, anche le questioni della trasparenza e della responsabilità delle organizzazioni statali sono incluse. Il capitolo III tenta di raggruppare le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali dell'UE in base alle loro priorità e vedere se sono influenzate dalle caratteristiche del settore forestale dei loro paesi. L'esistenza di diverse alternative di gestione forestale è essenziale per una Gestione Forestale Sostenibile e questa conoscenza dovrebbe essere condivisa tra esperti forestali, industria e gruppi di interesse. Il capitolo IV presenta una discussione sul modello di gestione della foresta di Cansiglio in Italia (foresta di proprietà pubblica) come caso di studio. In questo caso, sono analizzate le principali priorità gestionali, i risultati e le direzioni future. Dai principali risultati sulla divulgazione di informazioni delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali, emerge la mancanza di un quadro di reporting coordinato o di uno standard minimo di indicatori di uso comune. La comparabilità tra le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali è tuttavia limitata a causa dei differenti indicatori, periodi e unità di misura. Un altro aspetto importante della tesi è la sintesi comparativa di diversi modelli di gestione delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali; si può osservare che i paesi in esame mostrano un'applicazione di diverse priorità di gestione e le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali applicano diverse strategie di business. Con l'aiuto dell'analisi cluster abbiamo ottenuto tre cluster (C1, C2 e C3) e tre outliers (O1, O2 e O3). I cluster presentano diversi approcci che le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali usano per le priorità dei pilastri della Gestione Forestale Sostenibile: C1 ha obiettivi diversificati, C2 si comporta come protettore di interessi pubblici e C3 è commerciale. Questa divisione è in parte definita dalle condizioni naturali del paese in cui si trovano le organizzazioni, ma anche dalle decisioni dell’organizzazione stessa (ad esempio, da un lato, in Irlanda è orientata al profitto in un paese con una bassa copertura forestale, dall'altro, in Repubblica Ceca, l’organizzazione di gestione delle foreste demaniali è orientata al profitto in un paese con invece un'alta copertura forestale). Il caso studio (foresta del Cansiglio in Italia, regione Veneto) presenta un modello di gestione di una foresta pubblica con traguardi specifici e una prospettiva di sviluppo per i prossimi 5-10 anni. La foresta del Cansiglio si pone diversi obiettivi per la produzione di legname e la fornitura di servizi sociali. Una particolare attenzione è rivolta alle attività ricreative in quanto vi si è creata una crescente domanda da parte della società per l'ecoturismo e la ricreazione all'aperto. La gestione della foresta viene eseguita dall'amministrazione regionale insieme ad alcuni gestori privati (ad esempio concessionari, imprese boschive). Tra i quattro scenari presentati, il quarto scenario "Concessioni forestali a lungo termine firmate da imprese private" è stato valutato come il più promettente. Per concludere, le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali in Europa hanno adottato diversi modelli organizzativi nella loro gestione. Tuttavia, hanno delle tendenze comuni. Tra i più notevoli sono le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali (i) che sono posseduti dallo Stato ma che funzionano come unità privata; (ii) la maggior parte delle quali decide di separare le funzioni di supervisione e di gestione tra le varie istituzioni; (iii) che spesso impegnano l'aiuto di società private per svolgere alcune attività; (iv) che aumentano l'attenzione sul pilastro ambientale e sociale di gestione sostenibile delle foreste; (v) che hanno un basso livello di divulgazione di informazioni. Le prioritarie raccomandazioni per le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali sono due: la necessità di ottimizzare l'equilibrio tra i tre pilastri di gestione sostenibile delle foreste (sociale, economico e ecologico) e di migliorare i propri sistemi di comunicazione con il pubblico.

Face aux effets de la révolution numérique, les organisations évoluent afin de proposer de nouveaux services à leurs clients, partenaires, fournisseurs et salariés (banque en ligne,données dématérialisées, espaces virtuels,…). De nouveaux modes de travail voient le jour, favorisant le nomadisme (travail à domicile ou à distance dans des salles connectées), la gestion de projets transverses et internationaux (outils et supports de communication) et la formation e-learning ou blended (alternant présentiel et distanciel). Du fait de ces transformations digitales, les formateurs d’entreprise - internes à l’organisation ou travaillant en prestation - se voient contraints de se professionnaliser à la formation numérique et de s’inscrire dans des diversités de fonctions (chef de projet, concepteur, ingénieur pédagogique,…). Cette thèse interroge la professionnalisation des formateurs au numérique à travers les opportunités d’apprentissages qu’ils identifient dans leurs environnements(formatif, organisationnel et professionnel) et des stratégies d’apprentissages qu’ils développement en regard. La problématique porte sur les apprentissages organisationnels et sociaux au sein des environnements de travail. Une étude de cas de formateurs issus de différentes organisations participant à une même formation certifiante à la « e-formation », choisie pour sa représentativité, présente les stratégies d’apprentissages déployées par les formateurs.Cette thèse défend l’idée d’une auto-professionnalisation des formateurs au numérique dans la construction d’écosystèmes d’apprentissages, au regard d’une culture d’entreprise (notamment « apprenante ») qu’ils perçoivent au sein de leurs organisations
Facing the effects of the digital revolution, organizations are evolving to offer new services to their customers, partners, suppliers and employees (online banking, dematerialized data, virtual spaces, etc.). New ways of working are emerging, favoring nomadism (working from home or remotely in connected rooms), managing transversal and international projects (tools and communication media) and e-learning or blended learning (alternation of face-to-face and online training). As a result of these digital transformations, the company trainers - internal to the organization or working in delivery - are forced to professionalize in digital training and enroll in various functions (project manager, designer, educational engineer, ...). This thesis questions the professionalization of digital trainers through the learning opportunities they identify in their environments (training, organizational and professional) and the learning strategies they are developing. The issue is about organizational and social learning in work environments. A case study of trainers from different organizations participating in the same "e-training" certification course, chosen for its representativeness, presents the learning strategies deployed by the trainers.This thesis defends the idea of a self-professionalization of digital trainers in the construction of learning ecosystems, in the light of a corporate culture (especially "learning") that they perceive within their organizations

This PhD thesis deals with stakeholder management theoretical constructs and empirical practices within maritime logistics ecosystems. The rationale of the study grounds on the recent shift of the academic literature’s focus on maritime logistics from the single organisation to the whole business ecosystem. In this perspective, formal and informal relationships with business partners and related parties have been demonstrated to become fundamental for the survival and success of firms and organisations belonging to maritime logistics ecosystems. The constant dialogue and coordination of strategic and operational activities between the heterogeneous actors constitute the preconditions to build wider and more resilient networks as well as to generate benefits for all parties and stakeholders involved. In this context, stakeholder management theoretical constructs can provide maritime logistics firms and organisations with useful managerial practices and best practices for identifying and exploiting unprecedented opportunities to handle relationships and interactions with both business parties and different categories of stakeholders. The variety of actors belonging to maritime logistics ecosystems as well as the array of related stakeholders, that unveils heterogeneous needs and interests, urge further empirical research to disentangle multiple practices of stakeholder management that have not all been investigated yet. In this vein, collaborative and responsible behaviours from maritime logistics firms and other involved organizations may support key actors with facing the new environmental, social, and technological challenges shaping the industry. In this perspective, this PhD thesis examines the main theoretical constructs of stakeholder management by performing an extensive literature review to comprehend the foundations and managerial benefits of stakeholder relationship management and corporate social responsibility. Then, it provides four empirical research to disentangle both strategies and behaviours of different maritime logistics actors, stressing the business benefits and managerial opportunities emerging from the adoption of well-defined and planned stakeholder management practices. Each empirical research addresses multiple challenges (i.e., environmental, social, and technological challenges) and assumes the perspective of one of the key actors of the maritime logistics ecosystem (i.e., once port managing bodies, once shipping companies, and twice terminal operators). The thesis investigates specific dimensions related to the strategic objectives, behaviours, and managerial options of these actors for effectively managing the relationships with their salient stakeholders. The outcomes of empirical research provide four valuable exploratory and qualitative studies grounding on stakeholder management literature. Managerial implications for private, public and hybrid actors of maritime logistics are extensively debated to pave the way for future studies on stakeholder management within this business ecosystem. In this perspective, this PhD thesis would take a step forward in the research on new managerial practices to effectively manage stakeholder relationships in the maritime logistics ecosystem.

The study has shown the major trends that affect the creation and spread of new methods of management in the information society.The attained results prove the fact that precisely because of the efforts of managers companies can take their rightful place in the business environment, even at the low level of physical resources.

The aim of this study was to develop, evaluate and refine an ecosystemic program to facilitate self-regulation (SR) among corporate workers. A temporary program was developed with the aid of a literature review, based on the integration of the SR-theory with the principles of the ecosystem theory and program development. The program was presented over a period of three days at the Mabula nature reserve for a group of seven corporate employees in the broker industry. Each session took place in the form of a game drive, preceded by a group activity, a discussion of one of the three components of SR and followed by applicable examples out of nature. Data was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results show that although participants' goal management, self effectiveness (SE) and mindfulness improved after conclusion of the program, these changes were not statistically or practically meaningful. Possible explanations for this are detained in the nature of the program and the manner in which the program was implemented, as well as in the factors which could have negatively influenced the credibility and reliability of the program evaluation. The conclusion was made that the program had a greater impact on participants' insight of the theoretical under print of SR, rather than their SR skills and that the aspect of experiential learning is possibly not promoted enough. Nevertheless, the program is very promising and only a few changes are necessary to refine the temporary program. Recommendations include that there should be more intensive emphasis on the practical facilitation of SR during the presentation of the program and that standardised instruments with a greater group of participants, including a control group, should be considered.
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Alors que nous faisons face à une crise biologique majeure, acteurs institutionnel et ONGs exhortent les entreprises à s’engager pour enrayer cette érosion écologique. L’objectif de la thèse est d’analyser, évaluer et faire évoluer la contribution potentielle des entreprises à la conservation de la biodiversité dans le cadre de leur responsabilité sociétale (RSE).Un cadre d’analyse est développé pour évaluer la prise en charge par une entreprise de ses responsabilités écologiques en termes de moyens – les initiatives RSE a priori favorables à la biodiversité mises en œuvre – et de résultats – la compatibilité des activités de l’entreprise avec la conservation de la biodiversité. Après avoir caractérisé les initiatives RSE à partir de l’étude d’engagements d’entreprises endossés comme contributions à la Stratégie nationale pour la biodiversité, une méthode est proposée pour détecter si les activités d’une entreprise sont écologiquement non-durables. Le postulat est que le respect des capacités de charge des écosystèmes est un prérequis à la conservation effective de la biodiversité. Cette méthode, adaptée de l’évaluation environnementale absolue de la durabilité, est appliquée, dans le cadre de deux projets de recherche-intervention, au portfolio alimentaire du Groupe Casino et au cycle de vie de deux installations de stockage de déchets dangereux de SARP Industries. Des orientations stratégiques visant à éviter-réduire-compenser les pressions non durables sont proposées. Soulignant l’importance de renforcer la prise en charge des pressions étendues, cette thèse ouvre plus largement des perspectives pour les secteurs d’activité et les politiques publiques
As we are experiencing a major biological crisis, institutional actors and NGOs are calling on businesses to engage efforts aiming at halting biodiversity loss. The objective of the thesis is to analyze and evaluate the potential contribution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to biodiversity conservation.A framework is developed to analyze to which extent a company takes in charge its ecological responsibilities. After characterizing CSR initiatives based on the case study of business commitments to contribute to the French National Biodiversity Strategy, a method is proposed to test whether business activities exert unsustainable pressures on ecosystems. It is assumed that compatibility with ecosystems’ carrying capacities is a prerequisite for effective biodiversity conservation. This method, adapted from the “absolute environmental sustainability assessment” (AESA) approach, is applied in the context of research-intervention projects to the food portfolio of the mass-market retailer Groupe Casino and to the life cycle of two facilities of SARP Industrie specialized in the disposal and storage of hazardous waste. The comparison of the company’s environmental footprints with the ecological constraints is used to draw a comprehensive strategy based on the mitigation hierarchy. As our results highlight the opportunity to strengthen the management of extended pressures through CSR, possible implications for sectors and public policies are discussed

碩士
國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
106
With the development of globalization, the influence of human activities on the environment gradually increases. Various social problems have become increasingly noticeable and cannot be solved entirely by a single corporation or government. Social innovation is imminent and we see the necessity from Corporate Social Responsibility the need to promote social innovation. This case study is based on TSMC''s implementation of corporate social responsibility in three aspects:“Governance and Business”,“Environmental Protection”and “Social Participation”and the practice of assisting government on large-scale disaster relief. It also explores how TSMC adopts Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility to promote social innovation by measuring its corporate resources and technologies to be used as its professional advantage, and to integrate multi-domain expertise with stakeholders to satisfy the needs of social development while pursing corporation sustainability, and eventually realizing shared value of corporation and society. This study proposes a new structure of Innovation Ecosystem of Corporate Social Responsibility, summarizes the composition and characteristics of Innovation Ecosystem. And practitioners of Corporate Social Responsibility from both domestic and foreign small-and medium-size businesses can adopt this research result as a developing principle.

碩士
國立清華大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
105
The business ecosystem was first proposed by Moore (1993). He proposed a new concept which indicates that key enterprises control the core of the industry whereas surrounding businesses or organizations revolve around the core, connecting to form a business network similar to an ecological system. We call that a business ecosystem. This case study is based on the theory of a business ecosystem. The development of Danshui has rapidly increased within the past few decades. For example, the cityscape has drastically changed, many billboards have been set up, and early food cultures have also unexpectedly grown more popular, becoming an indispensable part of the tourism industry. Deeply impressed by the flourishing development of Danshui, the aim of this study is to explore how the traditional food culture has been sustained for at least six decades. This single case study examines the origins, processes and development of fish balls and adopts the business ecosystem theory proposed by Moore (1993) to divide the case study into four stages for discussion. This study adopts the business ecosystem theory to analyze the management strategy and discuss the possible determining factors for success. Additionally, this study adopts the theory proposed by The Boston Consulting Group to determine the future development of the products in this case and provide recommendations and discussions. Lastly, this case study identifies the challenges that lie in its management and serves as a future reference for readers.

Sustainable development and the Triple Bottom Line integrated sustainability concept focus on the choices between the imperatives of economic efficiency, social development and environmental sustainability. Corporate governance is being imposed by stakeholders and corporate social responsibility is indicated as being the most important socio-environmental demand being made on contemporary leaders. The influence of idealism and realism on, and the reasons for failure of, solid waste reduction projects in terms of sustainability is the foundation of the theories postulated in this research. It is the objective of this research to identify the motivational factors, with special reference to developing countries, of social capital, including management processes leadership and people management, that will augment solid waste reduction projects that are lethargic at starting, or deteriorating, to achieve sustainability. The methodology is to review the literature available to identify the augmenting (motivational) factors, and use analytical philosophical and empirical research to test formulated constructs using hypotheses. The criterion for the research sample is to obtain the opinions of environmental specialists in South Africa using a questionnaire. The technique employed is multivariate data analysis to identify the type of interdependent relationships, including cluster and multidimensional scaling analyses. Hypothesis testing, in this research, leads to the conclusion that additional motivational factors are needed to support the economic imperatives to make the process sustainable. `Reality' is statistically significantly different to `idealistic'. The inference is that for solid waste reduction projects to succeed leaders from government and the private sector are required, through the use of legislation and taking into consideration the value of waste, to instil economic incentives. According to this research, personal values and belief systems have little to contribute to the process of sustainability. The outcome of this research provides a strategy-benchmarking-model that leaders can use to target and prioritise their efforts in respect of achieving success with waste projects. The contribution it makes to the knowledge base of the subject and responsible leadership is contained in its summation of the augmenting factors required, their relative importance, and the lessening of the complexity of approach to these projects.
Graduate School of Business Leadership
D.B.L.

Créée dans les années 50 par l'économiste autrichien Joseph Schumpeter, le terme "Destruction créatrice" suggère que la compétition émergente des nouvelles technologies ferait perdre aux compagnies déjà bien établies, leur position sur le marché ainsi que leur avantage compétitif. Depuis, ce terme et son concept ont évolué. Certains chercheurs avancèrent que les technologies disruptives remplaceraient celles existantes, représentant ainsi un inconvénient aux entreprises historiques et leurs fournisseurs. Cette recherche empirique explore le processus par lequel la construction créatrice (ou la destruction), telle que suggérée par Schumpeter, a eu un effet sur l'industrie des télécommunications et la façon dont cela a changé la stratégie corporative des entreprises et la structure de l'industrie dans le domaine des télécommunications. La relation à l'étude est celle entre les activités intensives de fusions et d'acquisitions, celles des entreprises guidées par les entrepreneurs et managers en matière de technologies. En outre, cette recherche explique tout en le soulignant, le lien entre les acquisitions et l'entrepreneuriat innovateur, la création de nouvelles technologies et le capital-risque, le tout dans un système national d'innovation servant d'écosystème. De plus, elle explore le processus d'intégration de ces technologies acquises afin de créer de nouveaux services, applications et modèles d'affaire convergents. Dans le cadre de cette recherche qualitative, une méthodologie mixte a été employée. Celle-ci est composée principalement de la théorie ancrée (grounded theory) qui permettra de construire puis proposer un modèle théorique et ses propositions, en se basant sur les informations existantes de l'industrie de la télécommunication. Les résultats pourront être appliqués à d'autres industries de haute technologie telles que la biotechnologie, l'aérospatial et la nano technologie. Il s'agit d'une recherche multidisciplinaire suivant les traditions de la stratégie, l'entrepreneuriat et la gestion de la technologie et de l'innovation, qui aura des répercussions sur les chercheurs de même que les professionnels de l'industrie. ______________________________________________________________________________

Globally, most organisations are powerless to protect their information assets against the constant threat of hostile intruders, and leaders are uncomfortable with the potential threat and disruption to the deep-seated norms, patterns, and systems in their organisational setting. Yet little research exists on Leadership in Cyber security and existing cyber research is splintered across literature specific to individual disciplines that are only component domains of the broader cyber security multidiscipline. This study identifies and addresses “the role of strategic leadership in the complex issue of organisational cyber security”. This thesis argues that cyber security is a complex multidisciplinary leadership issue that must be – but usually is not – addressed systemically. This premise was formulated during employment in the cyber domain and my and colleagues’ experiences provided empirical drivers to investigate this phenomenon. Experience and anecdotal evidence indicated absence of corporate governance in organisational cyber security and ill-defined cyber-OAR (Ownership, Accountability and Responsibility). Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) lack requisite status, and despite multiple stakeholders and government publications, most executives remain cyber-unaware and have no relationship with the CISO – if they have a CISO at all. Yet these vital issues remain unaddressed in academic publications. ii In late 2017, almost no literature existed on the topic and the focus issues were largely unrecognised and ignored. In ensuing years, some recognition and changes have emerged. Promising regulations have been introduced, previously unrecognised aspects researched and published, and visionary cyber leadership has emerged – which might suppose the research topic to be obsolete and unnecessary. But in 2022, the situation is unresolved and despite visionaries, and increased government spending and awareness-building efforts, organisational cyber security is still not understood or practised by most executives. As an academic discipline and organisational practice, cyber security is still in its infancy. An emerging stream of research reveals multiple issues, including fragmentation across multiple academic and practitioner disciplines. Focus has typically remained on technical issues and challenges as computer science and information technology disciplines contribute the majority of published cyber security research, and only scattered articles address non-technology aspects of cyber security. Despite burgeoning interest in the ‘human aspects of cyber security’, when first scoped – with one exception – no research addressed cyber corporate leadership and/or cyber governance ecosystems. This accumulation of worrisome issues is increasingly critical for organisational survival and wellbeing and is substantive evidence of the need for research to address organisational cyber security and leadership. Planned as a thesis-by-publication, this research was purposefully designed as a three-phase study spanning five–six years. An exploratory study, the approach had to be qualitative and emergent. As an infant multidisciplinary domain, the first phase needed to be a scoping review to explore and compare literature across the principal sub-domains. Research commenced with exploring cyber security as a strategic, corporate governance issue that is complex, multidisciplinary, and currently fragmented. Analysis of the scoping review findings confirmed the original premise sufficiently to require a targeted literature review and permitted early conceptual models to be developed, graphically depicting the issues and their interrelationships, and to shape potential solutions and an aspirational future state of organisational cyber security and leadership. The Phase 2 targeted review led to the design of an empirical investigation. Guided by review findings, participants were selected, and questions designed. Interviews were conducted with 31 participants from 24 organisations from the Finance sector, following guidelines approved in HREC (H-2019-127). Analysis was primarily conducted using a series of coding passes; constant comparison, pattern and theme, and reduction of the multiple produced theme-codes to a few tightly focussed supra-codes. Graphic analysis was used throughout, creating a series of models to illustrate and synthesise findings, and develop conceptual frameworks. This coding method of analysis was also used for the literature reviews. Stakeholder theory was the primary filter for all analysis, selected due to the original premise that organisational cyber security is multidisciplinary but siloed and fragmented in academia and praxis. In Phase 3, the principal focus was deeper exploration through theoretical lenses and to develop new theory. Stakeholder theory remained the foundation, but all findings were revisited using a theoretical filter of Triple-loop learning. Papers for each of the three phases have been submitted to a leading journal. The body of this thesis is comprised of these papers in entirety, preceded and followed by a whole-of-work introduction and conclusion. The three papers are co-authored but all the initial foundations, including premises, questions, research objectives, interviews, analysis, and models are my original work. Therefore, from Chapter 4 onwards, I refer to the researcher/ author in the plural, acknowledging the contribution of my supervisor/co-author, Dr Cate Jerram. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations are documented in the three abstracts, but briefly recapitulated here. Phase 1 concluded that traditional silos must be bridged or discarded, and a new common lexicon developed. Cyber security lexicons and approaches must align with corporate strategy. Organisational executives must acknowledge and take ownership, accountability, and responsibility for their organisation's cyber security, and immediately address the role, status, and budget of the CISO. Phase 2, building from Phase 1, revealed that key mechanisms of corporate governance must promote a shared stewardship approach. The CEO and the CISO must work together and resolve cyber-OAR issues, and the corporate governance system and mechanisms need to simultaneously change and align with the CEO-CISO-OAR relationship. Any aspirational future state cyber security must be embedded in a cyber corporate governance ecosystem. Phase 3 concluded our study with theoretical development and found Triple-loop learning approaches can reinvent and transform organisational cyber security. Clear and coherent cyber security must be directed by strategic leadership and the business and cyber ecosystems must be integrated and intrinsically link. As evidenced by the dearth of quality literature discussing the issues addressed here, few resources are available in this domain and all work in this thesis is original, except where referenced. This study makes three major contributions to theory and practice. Firstly, organisational safety and wellbeing requires corporate cyber governance that is led by the Executive. Secondly, it is imperative that the CISO be a strategic trusted advisor in cyber corporate governance, security, and resilience. Thirdly, any progress in advancing organisational cyber security is dependent on eliminating disciplinary fragmentation based in academic and professional silos, instead building cooperation and co-opetition, collaboration, and eventually a coherent, systemic multidiscipline. Finally, models are provided to illustrate these three major contributions and subsidiary contributions, culminating in the proffered concept of an aspirational future state of what we refer to as – ‘cyber corporate governance ecosystem’. This research has produced contributions of value to research and praxis, and frequently to both. The contributions have significant implications that should affect current practice in organisational cyber security and leadership and pave the way for important new fields of research. Significant secondary contributions to practice include the recommendation that silos be discarded to enable a strong and holistic multidiscipline of cyber security. The first implication is that disciplines, professional bodies, and cyber educators (and all extended enterprise) need to strengthen collaboration and establish synergies. Government and quasi-governmental regulators play a vital lead role in cyber security but need to improve dissemination for wider uptake. Organisations, however, need both to become more aware and adoptive of regulations and government provisions, but must improve their ability to adapt any such adoptions to ensure appropriate cultural alignment. Principally, however, Executives must lead and coordinate, determine priorities, and break down barriers to meet organisational need, starting with recognition of the strategic value of cyber security and trusting the CISO as a vital strategic advisor. This research was conducted part-time over six–years in a rapidly changing digital environment that preceded and included the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath (and ongoing ‘new normal’), which has inevitably affected the results. This is, though timely, a date-specific limitation. The span of time also saw changes eventuating in the cyber security domain that is the focus of the study. Nevertheless, though the constantly changing cyber landscape has been an impediment to conducting the research, effects on results, conclusions and recommendations have been minimised as much as possible. Primary research limitations are those inherent to qualitative approaches. Empirical investigation through semi-structured interviews provided depth but prohibited large numbers for generalisability. Transferability to other sectors is a possibility, but the original field of enquiry was restricted to the Finance sector. Although an investigation into leadership in organisational cyber security, few participants were themselves CEOs or organisational Board members. Further research is needed across different industry-sectors, qualitative research directly engaging with Executive and Board members is needed, and sufficient explorative studies are required to eventually enable broader, generalisable studies.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2022