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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Corals – Western Australia"
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Gilmour, James, Conrad W. Speed i Russ Babcock. "Coral reproduction in Western Australia". PeerJ 4 (18.05.2016): e2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2010.
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Larval production and recruitment underpin the maintenance of coral populations, but these early life history stages are vulnerable to extreme variation in physical conditions. Environmental managers aim to minimise human impacts during significant periods of larval production and recruitment on reefs, but doing so requires knowledge of the modes and timing of coral reproduction. Most corals are hermaphroditic or gonochoric, with a brooding or broadcast spawning mode of reproduction. Brooding corals are a significant component of some reefs and produce larvae over consecutive months. Broadcast spawning corals are more common and display considerable variation in their patterns of spawning among reefs. Highly synchronous spawning can occur on reefs around Australia, particularly on the Great Barrier Reef. On Australia’s remote north-west coast there have been fewer studies of coral reproduction. The recent industrial expansion into these regions has facilitated research, but the associated data are often contained within confidential reports. Here we combine information in this grey-literature with that available publicly to update our knowledge of coral reproduction in WA, for tens of thousands of corals and hundreds of species from over a dozen reefs spanning 20° of latitude. We identified broad patterns in coral reproduction, but more detailed insights were hindered by biased sampling; most studies focused on species ofAcroporasampled over a few months at several reefs. Within the existing data, there was a latitudinal gradient in spawning activity among seasons, with mass spawning during autumn occurring on all reefs (but the temperate south-west). Participation in a smaller, multi-specific spawning during spring decreased from approximately one quarter of corals on the Kimberley Oceanic reefs to little participation at Ningaloo. Within these seasons, spawning was concentrated in March and/or April, and October and/or November, depending on the timing of the full moon. The timing of the full moon determined whether spawning was split over two months, which was common on tropical reefs. There were few data available for non-Acroporacorals, which may have different patterns of reproduction. For example, the massivePoritesseemed to spawn through spring to autumn on Kimberley Oceanic reefs and during summer in the Pilbara region, where other common corals (e.g.Turbinaria&Pavona) also displayed different patterns of reproduction to theAcropora. The brooding corals (Isopora&Seriatopora) on Kimberley Oceanic reefs appeared to planulate during many months, possibly with peaks from spring to autumn; a similar pattern is likely on other WA reefs. Gaps in knowledge were also due to the difficulty in identifying species and issues with methodology. We briefly discuss some of these issues and suggest an approach to quantifying variation in reproductive output throughout a year.
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Lafratta, A., J. Fromont, P. Speare i C. H. L. Schönberg. "Coral bleaching in turbid waters of north-western Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 68, nr 1 (2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15314.
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We report severe bleaching in a turbid water coral community in north-western Australia. Towed still imagery was used for a benthic survey near Onslow in March 2013 to assess thermal stress in hard and soft corals, finding 51–68% of all corals fully bleached in 10–15-m water depth. Tabulate or foliaceous Turbinaria was the locally most abundant hard coral (46%), followed by massives such as faviids and poritids (25%) and encrusting coral (12%), thus over 80% of the local corals could be considered to be bleaching resistant. All coral groups were bleached in similar proportions (massive hard corals 51%<soft corals 60%<encrusting hard corals 62%<Turbinaria 62%<‘others’ 68%). NOAA data and environmental assessments suggest previous recurrent thermal stress throughout the last 10 years in the study area. On the basis of these records this stress apparently changed the community structure from bleaching vulnerable species such as Acropora, leaving more tolerant species, and reduced coral cover. We could see no evidence for adaptation or acclimation of corals in this area. Towed still imagery was found to be a suitable means for rapid and large-scale bleaching studies in shallow, turbid areas where diving can be difficult or impossible.
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Ceccarelli, D. M., Z. T. Richards, M. S. Pratchett i C. Cvitanovic. "Rapid increase in coral cover on an isolated coral reef, the Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve, north-western Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 62, nr 10 (2011): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11013.
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Against a background of coral reef ecosystem decline, understanding the propensity for coral communities to recover after acute disturbances is fundamental to forecasting and maintaining resilience. It may be expected that offshore reef ecosystems are less affected by anthropogenic disturbances compared with reefs closer to population centres, but that recovery may be slower on isolated reefs following disturbances. To test the hypothesis that community recovery is slow in isolated locations, we measured changes in coral cover and relative abundance of coral genera over a 4 year period (2005–09) at Ashmore Reef, north Western Australia, following severe bleaching. The percent cover of hard coral tripled, from 10.2% (±1.46 s.e.) in 2005 to 29.4% (±1.83 s.e.) in 2009 in all habitats (exposed and lagoonal) and depth zones (2–5 and 8–10 m), and the percent cover of soft corals doubled, from 4.5% (+0.63 s.e.) in 2005 to 8.3% (+1.4 s.e.) in 2009. Significant shifts in the taxonomic composition of hard corals were detected. Our results imply that coral recovery in isolated locations can occur rapidly after an initial delay in recruitment, presumably through the interacting effects of self-recruitment and reduced exposure to additive impacts such as coastal pollution.
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Pickett, J. W., C. H. Thompson, R. A. Kelley i D. Roman. "Evidence of High Sea Level during Isotope Stage 5c in Queensland, Australia". Quaternary Research 24, nr 1 (lipiec 1985): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90086-9.
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Thirty-nine species of scleractinian corals have been recovered from under a high dune on the western (mainland) side of North Stradbroke Island, eastern Australia. The corals are associated with thin intertidal sediments and their good condition implies burial in situ and preservation in a saturated zone. Most likely this occurred as the coast prograded and a large dune advanced into the littoral zone, burying intertidal sediments and coral. The species assemblage indicates a sheltered environment but one open to the ocean without wide fluctuations in salinity. Three species yielded a mean 230Th/234U age of 105,000 yr B.P. which is significantly younger than the nearest Pleistocene corals at Evans Head, New South Wales. The corals provide evidence of a sea stand near present sea level during isotope Stage 5c, which is considerably higher than previously suggested for this period. Their good condition implies that the overlying parabolic dune is of comparable age and formed during that high stand of sea level. Also, the isotope age provides a maximum period for the development of giant podzols in the podzol chronosequences on coastal dunes in southern Queensland.
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HOROWITZ, JEREMY, DENNIS M. OPRESKO i TOM C. L. BRIDGE. "Black corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the deep (916 m–2542 m) Coral Sea, north-eastern Australia". Zootaxa 4472, nr 2 (10.09.2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.2.5.
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Black corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) occur in all the world’s oceans in a wide range of habitats from shallow-water coral reefs to the deep-sea. However, the taxonomy of black corals is poorly known compared to many other anthozoan groups. This knowledge gap is particularly acute for the deep-sea, where collecting specimens is logistically difficult and costly. Here, we identify 21 black coral specimens collected from the western Coral Sea adjacent to north-east Australia. The specimens represent five nominal species from five genera and two families. All species represent new records for the region, including the first record for the family Cladopathidae Brook, 1889. We describe the morphology of these specimens, note geographic and bathymetric range expansions, and provide evidence to support the hypothesis that Bathypathes seculata Opresko, 2005 is the juvenile stage of Bathypathes patula Brook, 1889, thus warranting synonymization. Our findings demonstrate that deep-sea antipatharians in this region are much more diverse than previously reported. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of museum collections in terms of increasing our understanding of taxonomy and patterns of biodiversity, particularly for poorly-studied habitats such as the deep-sea.
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Johansson, C. L., D. R. Bellwood i M. Depczynski. "The importance of live coral for small-sized herbivorous reef fishes in physically challenging environments". Marine and Freshwater Research 63, nr 8 (2012): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12011.
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Tropical coral reefs are facing increasing levels of disturbance, with predictions of ongoing reductions in live coral cover. The response of herbivorous fishes to loss of coral cover was investigated by analysing the relationship between the abundance of different sized herbivorous fishes and live coral cover, on a high flow reef slope and a sheltered back reef on Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. We found positive relationships between coral cover and the abundance of small (10–20 cm) excavating and scraping parrotfishes on the slope, but a negative relationship between corals and small (10–15 cm) grazers. These relationships were not evident on back reefs. Generally, the abundance of large individuals were not correlated with live coral in either habitat. We suggest that in physically demanding environments small parrotfishes may utilise the structural complexity of corals to resist strong water flow and/or to reduce predation. Small acanthurid grazers may school to reduce energy costs and minimise predation risk. The loss of coral cover appears to be particularly important for small fishes in high energy habitats, especially non-schooling species.
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Griffith, Jane K. "Scleractinian corals collected during 1998 from the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia". Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 66, nr 1 (2004): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.66.2004.101-120.
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Ross, Claire L., Verena Schoepf, Thomas M. DeCarlo i Malcolm T. McCulloch. "Mechanisms and seasonal drivers of calcification in the temperate coral Turbinaria reniformis at its latitudinal limits". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, nr 1879 (23.05.2018): 20180215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0215.
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High-latitude coral reefs provide natural laboratories for investigating the mechanisms and limits of coral calcification. While the calcification processes of tropical corals have been studied intensively, little is known about how their temperate counterparts grow under much lower temperature and light conditions. Here, we report the results of a long-term (2-year) study of seasonal changes in calcification rates, photo-physiology and calcifying fluid (cf) chemistry (using boron isotope systematics and Raman spectroscopy) for the coral Turbinaria reniformis growing near its latitudinal limits (34.5° S) along the southern coast of Western Australia. In contrast with tropical corals, calcification rates were found to be threefold higher during winter (16 to 17° C) compared with summer (approx. 21° C), and negatively correlated with light, but lacking any correlation with temperature. These unexpected findings are attributed to a combination of higher chlorophyll a, and hence increased heterotrophy during winter compared with summer, together with the corals' ability to seasonally modulate pH cf , with carbonate ion concentration being the main controller of calcification rates. Conversely, calcium ion concentration [Ca 2+ ] cf declined with increasing calcification rates, resulting in aragonite saturation states Ω cf that were stable yet elevated fourfold above seawater values. Our results show that corals growing near their latitudinal limits exert strong physiological control over their cf in order to maintain year-round calcification rates that are insensitive to the unfavourable temperature regimes typical of high-latitude reefs.
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Simpson, C. J., J. L. Cary i R. J. Masini. "Destruction of corals and other reef animals by coral spawn slicks on Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia". Coral Reefs 12, nr 3-4 (listopad 1993): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00334478.
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Veeh, H. Herbert, i Roy E. France. "Uranium-Series Ages of Corals and Coexisting Phosphate Deposits on Pelsaert Reef Complex, Houtman-Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia". Quaternary Research 30, nr 2 (wrzesień 1988): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90024-5.
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An unusually well-defined association between guano-derived phosphate rock (apatite) and coral carbonates on Pelsaert Island has provided an opportunity to test uranium-series dating methods as applied to insular phosphorites. The phosphate deposit, which is bracketed by late Pleistocene and Holocene corals with 230Th/234U ages of 120,000 and 4700 yr B.P., respectively, has 230Th/234U ages ranging from 85,000 to 112,000 yr B.P. The mutually consistent results suggest that phosphate deposition commenced soon after the peak of the last interglaciation and has been largely controlled by sea-level fluctuations and probably other factors associated with late Quaternary climate in this area.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Corals – Western Australia"
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Underwood, Jim. "Routine and rare genetic connections in corals off northwest Australia and the implications for conservation". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0158.
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[Truncated abstract] The extent to which marine populations are connected by larval dispersal is crucial to their distribution, maintenance and diversity. Thus, for the effective conservation of threatened systems such as coral reefs, understanding patterns of connectivity is essential. However, the biophysical mechanisms that retain or disperse larvae within and among populations are poorly understood. Though the open ocean environment provides the opportunity for long-distance dispersal, if this potential is only rarely realised, recruits produced from afar are unlikely to contribute to the local-scale demography of populations over ecological time frames, but will limit broad-scale genetic diversification over evolutionary time. This thesis explores the extent of genetic and demographic connectivity of two species of reef-building corals over a range of spatial scales among the discontinuous reef systems of northwest Australia. ... Putative source and sink dynamics were not random, but were associated with levels of disturbance and recovery from a recent and catastrophic coral bleaching. When S. hystrix samples from another two offshore systems were included in the analysis, large differences among systems showed that gene flow over hundreds of kilometres is rare over microevolutionary time scales that account for connections over multiple generations. Levels of subdivision over the same spatial scales were markedly lower in the acroporid coral, Acropora tenuis, than in S. hystrix. These results are congruent with expectations based on reproductive mode; in contrast to S. hystrix, which releases brooded larvae that are competent to settle immediately, A. tenuis broadcasts its gametes, and after external fertilisation, the larvae need to develop for several days before they are competent to settle. Despite the differences in levels of broad-scale subdivision, in both species significant differentiation was detected between reefs within systems (>10 km), and between sites within some reefs (< 10 km). These results indicate not only that dispersal between reefs and even some reef patches is restricted, but also that hydrodynamics influence retention of brooded and spawned larvae in similar ways. Further analysis of A. tenuis populations from two coastal systems detected significant differences in genetic diversity among the four major systems of northwest Australia. Additionally, genetic divergence between the coastal and offshore zones was greater than expected by the geographic separation of systems, indicating that connectivity between these zones via transport of A. tenuis larvae on oceanic currents occurs rarely even over microevolutionary time scales. This study has two primary implications for conservation. First, since coastal and offshore reefs of northwest Australia appear to be discrete genetic entities, they have independent evolutionary potential to adapt to local conditions and environmental change. Second, systems, reefs and some reef patches of northwest Australia are demographically independent units. Therefore, designs of coral reserve networks should consider routine dispersal distances of kilometres to a few tens of kilometres.
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Ingram, Colin Barry. "Parks, people and planning: local perceptions of park management on the Ningaloo Coast, North West Cape, Western Australia". Curtin University of Technology, School of Media, Society and Culture, Dept. of Social Sciences, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18012.
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Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties.Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions.
Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.
Książki na temat "Corals – Western Australia"
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Veron, J. E. N. Hermatypic corals of Western Australia: Records and annotated species list. Perth: Western Australian Museum, 1988.
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Simpson, Christopher J. Ecology of scleractinian corals in the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Environmental Protection Authority, 1988.
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Marine faunal surveys of Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island north-western Australia. Perth, W.A: Western Australian Museum, 1993.
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Stephanie, Turner, i Western Australia. Dept. of Conservation and Land Management., red. Drupella cornus: A synopsis : proceedings of a workshop held at the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Como, Western Australia, 21-22 November 1991. Como, W.A: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, 1992.
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Australia, Western. Tourist map of Western Australia's Gascoyne Coast: Shark Bay, Carnarvon, Mt. Augustus, Exmouth, Denham, Monkey Mia, Coral Bay, Ningaloo Reef. The Department, 1988.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Corals – Western Australia"
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Collins, Lindsay B. "Western Australian Reefs". W Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 1180–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_166.
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COLLINS, LINDSAY B. "Controls on Morphology and Growth History of Coral Reefs of Australia’s Western Margin". W Cenozoic Carbonate Systems of Australasia, 195–217. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.095.195.
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"A new species of Pedroplax (Decapoda, Brachyura, Goneplacidae) from the Coral Sea, and a new record of Pedroplax megalops from north-western Australia". W Studies on Eumalacostraca: a homage to Masatsune Takeda, 105–15. BRILL, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004202894_009.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Corals – Western Australia"
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McMaster, Scott Y., Dean R. Campbell i Eric Jas. "Pipeline Shore Approach Design: Case Study". W ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49937.
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An insight is provided into the design of a large diameter high pressure gas pipeline shore approach for an LNG project off the coast of North Western Australia. The shore approach is located in a challenging and congested area, within one of Australia’s busiest ports. In close proximity to the pipeline route are two existing high pressure gas pipelines, several major shipping channels, a large spoil ground and environmentally sensitive coral reefs. Throughout the design process, careful consideration has been given to environmental and heritage constraints. In the case of the pipeline shore approach, prevention of coral mortality due to dredging induced turbidity has been a key priority. Ensuring the preservation of the heritage site adjacent to the landfall site has also been a major consideration. This paper describes the numerous challenges faced in designing the pipeline shore approach. A description of the design processes used to develop the secondary stabilisation and accidental external impact designs is provided. The unique methods employed to install the trunkline system across an operating shipping channel are also described. The information provided in this paper can be applied to the design and development of numerous pipeline shore approaches in the future. Individuals interested in pipeline secondary stabilisation, impact protection, shore crossings and pipelay techniques will also find this paper of value. This paper contributes to the technical knowledge base of the offshore industry by displaying the benefits of effectively combining relevant theoretical approaches with state of the art physical model testing methods and best practice installation techniques. This work demonstrates how innovative design practices can be successfully applied to produce a safe, cost effective and robust pipeline shore approach design in a challenging area.
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McMaster, Scott Y., Dermot O’Brien, David E. Scholtz i Jay R. Ryan. "On-Bottom Stability Analysis for a Pipeline on a Mobile Seabed". W ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83291.
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This paper describes the work performed to assess the stability of an existing pipeline off the North Western coast of Western Australia. Originally, the pipeline was post-trenched (for stability), by ploughing. The plough formed an open v-shaped trench below the pipeline. Several years after the pipeline was installed, a severe cyclone caused significant changes to the seabed along the pipeline. The v-shaped ploughed trench is generally no longer visible with the trench backfilled in places and the pipeline exposed in others. In addition to this, the embedment profile either side of the pipeline was often found to be assymetrical, with higher embedment on one side of the pipeline relative to the other. Current on-bottom stability guidelines and recommended practices do not account for the effects of assymetrical embedment and seabed mobility (Ref. 5). These two factors are believed to contribute significantly to the overall stability of the pipeline. Consequently, it was decided to use physical model testing to obtain a better understanding of hydrodynamic loading and changes in embedment over the duration of a design storm. The physical model testing was performed for various pipeline embedment profiles. The results of these 2D physical model tests were then applied to the 3D FEA on-bottom stability software, CORUS 3D. This paper provides a detailed description of the physical model testing program performed as part of the pipeline stability assessment. The method used to combine the results of the physical model testing and apply them to the 3D FEA on-bottom stability software is also presented.