Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Corals – Reproduction

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Corals – Reproduction”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 2 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Corals – Reproduction"

Gilmour, James, Conrad W. Speed i Russ Babcock. "Coral reproduction in Western Australia". PeerJ 4 (18.05.2016): e2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2010.

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Larval production and recruitment underpin the maintenance of coral populations, but these early life history stages are vulnerable to extreme variation in physical conditions. Environmental managers aim to minimise human impacts during significant periods of larval production and recruitment on reefs, but doing so requires knowledge of the modes and timing of coral reproduction. Most corals are hermaphroditic or gonochoric, with a brooding or broadcast spawning mode of reproduction. Brooding corals are a significant component of some reefs and produce larvae over consecutive months. Broadcast spawning corals are more common and display considerable variation in their patterns of spawning among reefs. Highly synchronous spawning can occur on reefs around Australia, particularly on the Great Barrier Reef. On Australia’s remote north-west coast there have been fewer studies of coral reproduction. The recent industrial expansion into these regions has facilitated research, but the associated data are often contained within confidential reports. Here we combine information in this grey-literature with that available publicly to update our knowledge of coral reproduction in WA, for tens of thousands of corals and hundreds of species from over a dozen reefs spanning 20° of latitude. We identified broad patterns in coral reproduction, but more detailed insights were hindered by biased sampling; most studies focused on species ofAcroporasampled over a few months at several reefs. Within the existing data, there was a latitudinal gradient in spawning activity among seasons, with mass spawning during autumn occurring on all reefs (but the temperate south-west). Participation in a smaller, multi-specific spawning during spring decreased from approximately one quarter of corals on the Kimberley Oceanic reefs to little participation at Ningaloo. Within these seasons, spawning was concentrated in March and/or April, and October and/or November, depending on the timing of the full moon. The timing of the full moon determined whether spawning was split over two months, which was common on tropical reefs. There were few data available for non-Acroporacorals, which may have different patterns of reproduction. For example, the massivePoritesseemed to spawn through spring to autumn on Kimberley Oceanic reefs and during summer in the Pilbara region, where other common corals (e.g.Turbinaria&Pavona) also displayed different patterns of reproduction to theAcropora. The brooding corals (Isopora&Seriatopora) on Kimberley Oceanic reefs appeared to planulate during many months, possibly with peaks from spring to autumn; a similar pattern is likely on other WA reefs. Gaps in knowledge were also due to the difficulty in identifying species and issues with methodology. We briefly discuss some of these issues and suggest an approach to quantifying variation in reproductive output throughout a year.

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Paxton, Camille W., Maria Vanessa B. Baria, Virginia M. Weis i Saki Harii. "Effect of elevated temperature on fecundity and reproductive timing in the coral Acropora digitifera". Zygote 24, nr 4 (9.09.2015): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199415000477.

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SummaryThe synchrony of spawning is of paramount importance to successful coral reproduction. The precise timing of spawning is thought to be controlled by a set of interacting environmental factors, including regional wind field patterns, timing of the sunset, and sea surface temperatures (SST). Climate change is resulting in increased SST, which is causing physiological stress in corals and could also be altering spawning synchrony and timing. In this study, we examined the effect of increasing seawater temperature by 2°C for 1 month prior to the predicted spawning time on reproduction in the coral Acropora digitifera. This short period of elevated temperature caused spawning to advance by 1 day. In animals incubated at elevated temperature, egg number per egg bundle did not change, however, egg volume significantly decreased as did sperm number. Our results indicate that temperature is acting both as a proximate cue to accelerate timing and as a stressor on gametogenesis to reduce fecundity. This finding suggests that increasing SSTs could play a dramatic role in altering reproductive timing and the success of corals in an era of climate change.

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Randall, CJ, AP Negri, KM Quigley, T. Foster, GF Ricardo, NS Webster, LK Bay, PL Harrison, RC Babcock i AJ Heyward. "Sexual production of corals for reef restoration in the Anthropocene". Marine Ecology Progress Series 635 (6.02.2020): 203–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13206.

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Coral-reef ecosystems are experiencing frequent and severe disturbance events that are reducing global coral abundance and potentially overwhelming the natural capacity for reefs to recover. While mitigation strategies for climate warming and other anthropogenic disturbances are implemented, coral restoration programmes are being established worldwide as an additional conservation measure to minimise coral loss and enhance coral recovery. Current restoration efforts predominantly rely on asexually produced coral fragments—a process with inherent practical constraints on the genetic diversity conserved and the spatial scale achieved. Because the resilience of coral communities has hitherto relied on regular renewal with natural recruits, the scaling-up of restoration programmes would benefit from greater use of sexually produced corals, which is an approach that is gaining momentum. Here we review the present state of knowledge of scleractinian coral sexual reproduction in the context of reef restoration, with a focus on broadcast-spawning corals. We identify key knowledge gaps and bottlenecks that currently constrain the sexual production of corals and consider the feasibility of using sexually produced corals for scaling-up restoration to the reef- and reef-system scales.

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Hagedorn, Mary, i Virginia L. Carter. "Cryobiology: principles, species conservation and benefits for coral reefs". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, nr 8 (2016): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16082.

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Coral reefs are some of the oldest, most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth because they can support one-quarter of all marine life in our oceans. Despite their importance, the world’s coral reefs continue to be degraded at unprecedented rates by local and global threats that are warming and creating a more acidic ocean. This paper explores the reproductive challenges of coral for ex situ conservation, using IVF and cryopreservation, and our practical biobanking methods. Coral present challenges for cryopreservation because their reproductive period is often limited to a few nights yearly, they are mostly hermaphrodites with diverse modes of reproduction, including asexual reproduction (i.e. fragmentation and parthenogenesis) and sexual reproduction (i.e. self- and cross-fertilisation) and they express physiological toxins that can inhibit cryopreservation. We have banked spermatozoa from 12 coral species using the same field-hardy methods and have created new coral with thawed spermatozoa. In addition, we describe the cryopreservation of coral symbionts, whose physiology only permits the highest success seasonally. As part of a multidisciplinary conservation strategy, these collections may provide a major hedge against extinction for corals facing the damaging effects of climate change and loss of genetic diversity, and promise to help offset threats to our reefs worldwide.

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Salcedo-Sanz, S., J. Del Ser, I. Landa-Torres, S. Gil-López i J. A. Portilla-Figueras. "The Coral Reefs Optimization Algorithm: A Novel Metaheuristic for Efficiently Solving Optimization Problems". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/739768.

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This paper presents a novel bioinspired algorithm to tackle complex optimization problems: the coral reefs optimization (CRO) algorithm. The CRO algorithm artificially simulates a coral reef, where different corals (namely, solutions to the optimization problem considered) grow and reproduce in coral colonies, fighting by choking out other corals for space in the reef. This fight for space, along with the specific characteristics of the corals' reproduction, produces a robust metaheuristic algorithm shown to be powerful for solving hard optimization problems. In this research the CRO algorithm is tested in several continuous and discrete benchmark problems, as well as in practical application scenarios (i.e., optimum mobile network deployment and off-shore wind farm design). The obtained results confirm the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm and open line of research for further application of the algorithm to real-world problems.

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GUEST, J. R., A. H. BAIRD, B. P. L. GOH i L. M. CHOU. "Seasonal reproduction in equatorial reef corals". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 48, nr 1-3 (styczeń 2005): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2005.9652186.

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Twan, Wen-Hung, Jiang-Shiou Hwang, Yan-Horn Lee, Hua-Fang Wu, Ying-Hsiu Tung i Ching-Fong Chang. "Hormones and reproduction in scleractinian corals". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 144, nr 3 (lipiec 2006): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.01.011.

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Pratchett, Morgan S., Andrew S. Hoey, Chun-Hong Tan, Chao-Yang Kuo, Andrew G. Bauman, Rajani Kumaraswamy i Andrew H. Baird. "Spatial and Temporal Variation in Fecundity of Acropora spp. in the Northern Great Barrier Reef". Diversity 11, nr 4 (16.04.2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11040060.

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The amount of energy invested in sexual reproduction by scleractinian corals depends on their life history strategies (i.e., allocation of energy between growth, reproduction, and maintenance). However, energy allocated to reproduction will also be affected by the amount of energy acquired and prevailing environmental conditions. Coral fecundity is therefore likely to vary spatially, especially along marked gradients in environmental conditions. One of the foremost gradients in reef structure and environmental conditions occurs with distance from the coast, whereby inner-shelf or near shore reefs are generally subject to higher levels of nutrients, sediments and pollutants, which often adversely affect reef-building corals. This study quantified fecundity (oocytes per polyp) for three species, Acropora nasuta, A. spathulata, and A. hyacinthus, at six locations in the northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), encompassing inner-, mid- and outer-shelf reefs. Replicate colonies were sampled at each location prior to the predicted date of spawning in 2013 and 2014. Both shelf position and year were important factors explaining variation in fecundity for each of the three coral species. Most notably, there were clear and consistent declines in the number of oocytes between 2013 and 2014, coinciding with the incidence of category 4 Cylone Ita in early 2014. Contrary to expectations, polyp-level fecundity was no lower (and in some cases substantially higher) on inner-shelf reefs, compared to conspecifics growing on mid-shelf or outer-shelf reefs. The observed patterns are much more complicated than anticipated, necessitating further research to understand differential population dynamics of corals on inner-shelf versus mid- and outer-shelf reefs.

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Strychar, Kevin B., Mike Coates i Paul W. Sammarco. "Loss of Symbiodinium from bleached Australian scleractinian corals (Acropora hyacinthus, Favites complanata and Porites solida)". Marine and Freshwater Research 55, nr 2 (2004): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03080.

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Coral bleaching results from the dissociation of Symbiodinium and is primarily related to sea surface temperatures above mean yearly maximums. The numbers of live, dead, and mitotic Symbiodinium cells lost from three scleractinian corals from three different families (Acropora hyacinthus, Favites complanata, and Porites solida), which have not been studied previously in central Queensland (Australia), were compared at 28, 30, 32, and 34°C. Specific expulsion rates, growth rates, and mitotic indices were compared for each host at each temperature. Porites solida was the most robust coral, A. hyacinthus bleached more readily at low temperatures and F. complanata showed levels of intermediate bleaching tolerance to elevated temperatures. However, the timing of Symbiodinium cell loss was similar between all corals tested. Mitotic indices and specific growth rates were found to be positively associated with increasing temperature; thus, symbiont reproduction increased despite elevated losses of Symbiodinium from the host. Because all corals in the present study were symbiotic with Symbiodinium from clade C, different levels of stress tolerance to temperature suggests that bleaching resistance is an attribute associated with the coral host and, to a lesser degree, the symbiont.

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Henry, Lea-Anne, Ellen LR Kenchington i Angela Silvaggio. "Effects of mechanical experimental disturbance on aspects of colony responses, reproduction, and regeneration in the cold-water octocoral Gersemia rubiformis". Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, nr 10 (1.10.2003): 1691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-161.

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Responses of delicate soft corals to mechanical injuries inflicted by bottom fishing (e.g., trawling, dredging) are not known. Effects of mechanical disturbance on the soft coral Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) were examined by experimentally simulating disturbances caused by bottom fishing. Eight colonies were collected in the Bay of Fundy and maintained in individual aquaria. Four colonies were rolled over and crushed 10 times, once every 2 weeks over 2 months, while four were left undisturbed. Colony response was recorded both 4 days and 1 week post disturbance in both treatments by assigning states reflecting colony and polyp physiognomy. Proportions of corals in different states did not differ between treatments over time. Crushing immediately induced complete colony retraction and daughter colonies were produced in crushed corals. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA genetic markers demonstrated that daughter colonies were sexually derived. Despite initial fast growth, daughter colonies experienced high mortality. Premature larval expulsion may have been intrinsically initiated to dispose of resource-costly planulae during colony repair. Corals regenerated well from acute localized injuries, which, along with the ability to temporarily retract and survive repeated crushing, may benefit G. rubiformis in heavily disturbed habitats such as areas impacted by bottom fishing activities where the probability of mechanical disturbance is high.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Corals – Reproduction"

Yeung, Wai-shan Christine, i 楊慧珊. "Reproduction and growth of scleractinian corals in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45164071.

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Puisay, Antoine. "La reproduction sexuée et asexuée des coraux face aux changements environnementaux : Implications pour la conservation et la restauration des récifs coralliens". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP030.

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Le changement climatique et l’augmentation des températures globales perturbent l’abondance et la distribution de milliers d’organismes, aquatiques et terrestres, et certains écosystèmes sont particulièrement sensibles à ces changements environnementaux. L’augmentation de température est la principale menace au maintien des populations de coraux, véritables ingénieurs écologiques de ces écosystèmes. Bien que la recherche sur les récifs coralliens se soit d’abord attachée à l’étude des coraux adultes, de nombreuses informations manquent sur la reproduction sexuée et asexuée, et leur rôle dans la conservation et restauration récifale. Le premier axe de ma thèse s’est donc construit sur la réponse des jeunes stades de vie à l’augmentation de température, pour d’abord évaluer les modifications de leur performance et ensuite évaluer dans quelles mesures les jeunes stades seraient capables de s’acclimater à des conditions de températures plus élevées. Au travers de différentes expérimentations en laboratoire sur le genre Acropora, j’ai ainsi mis en évidence 1) une résistance thermique importante (+2-3°C au-dessus des températures ambiantes) des gamètes face à l’augmentation de température, 2) une résistance thermique différente entre spermatozoïdes et ovocytes: ovocytes < spermatozoïdes, 3) et la mise en évidence du rôle majeur de l’environnement dans lequel se rencontre les gamètes une fois libérés, sur la qualité et la quantité de la fécondation. Enfin, j’ai identifié les conditions optimales thermiques de pré-exposition des gamètes pour maximiser leur succès de fécondation. Bien qu’un intérêt croissant soit porté sur la reproduction sexuée ces dernières années, l’utilisation de la reproduction asexuée demeure la méthode la plus utilisée pour restaurer les récifs coralliens, plus connue sous le nom de bouturage. Ainsi le second axe de ma thèse a cherché à mettre en évidence la plasticité phénotypique des coraux en cultivant des boutures provenant de 3 espèces dans 3 environnements différents et en analysant leur taux de croissance, leur état de santé et leur survie. Cet axe a pu montrer qu’il existait des différences à plusieurs échelles, entre espèces, mais aussi au sein d’une même espèce. Mes travaux montrent qu’une sélection des individus basée sur l’étude de la plasticité phénotypique de certains traits d’histoires de vie comme la croissance ou l’état de santé dans des environnements variables permettrait d’améliorer l’efficacité de la restauration récifale. Ainsi le choix des individus au sein d’une même espèce afin de réaliser du bouturage (reproduction asexuée) et le conditionnement de la phase de vie gamètes (reproduction sexuée) peut permettre d’augmenter l’efficacité des méthodes de restaurations tout en nous donnant des informations nouvelles sur la biologie et la physiologie des coraux scléractiniaires face aux changements environnementaux
Climate change and increasing temperature impact abundance and distribution of thousands of organisms, aquatic and terrestrial, and some ecosystems are particularly sensitive to these global changes. Increasing temperature is the principal threat for coral populations, which are ecological engineers of coral reef ecosystems. While research on coral reefs has first sought to study adult corals, data are still lacking on early life stages of corals. As sexual and asexual reproduction may play a key role in the conservation and restoration of coral reefs, my doctoral research aims to better understand changes on sexual and asexual reproduction in the face of rising temperature. The first axis of my Ph. D. was built on the response of early life stages to increasing temperature, in order to assess whether pre-exposure of early life may improve their ulterior performance. Among the different experiments performed on the genus Acropora, I highlighted 1) a high thermal tolerance (+2-3°C above ambient temperature) of gametes, 2) a higher sensibility of oocytes than sperm to rising temperature exposure, and 3) the pivotal role of gamete thermal history on fertilization output. Finally, I identified optimal pre-exposure conditions in order to maximize fertilization success. While an increasing interest in sexual reproduction was observed these last years, asexual reproduction and fragmentation still remain the main tool to restore damaged reefs. Thus, in the second axis of my doctoral project, I investigated the phenotypic plasticity of corals by growing 3 different species of corals across 3 different environments. Their growth rates, health status and survival probability were determined. Results from this axis showed that differences were observed at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. This work revealed that a selection based on phenotypic plasticity among different life-traits (growth rates and health status) and different environments should allow to increase coral reef restoration strategies. Hence the selection of individuals (asexual reproduction) in a species based on coral common garden experiment allow to identify individuals of interest to use as restoration biological materials. Additionally, thermal pre-conditioning of early life stages (sexual reproduction) is another way to increase efficiency of restoration measures in the face of rising temperature. My doctoral research provided new information regarding physiological and biological processes of scleractinian corals facing environmental changes and proposed new solutions for restorations based on sexual and/or asexual reproduction

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Airi, Valentina <1979&gt. "Reproduction of Mediterranean zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate scleractinian corals along environmental gradients". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6425/.

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Despite extensive studies focus mainly on sexual reproductive characteristics in tropical scleractinian species, there is limited knowledge on temperate regions. The Mediterranean is a biodiversity hotspot under intense pressure from anthropogenic impacts. Climatic models further predict that the Mediterranean basin will be one of the most impacted regions by the ongoing warming trend. This makes it a potential model of more global patterns to occur in the world’s marine biota, and a natural focus of interest for research on climate. The present research contributed to increase data on reproductive modes and sexuality of temperate scleractinian corals, highlighting their developmental plasticity, showing different forms of propagation and different responses to environmental change. For the first time, sexuality and reproductive mode in Caryophyllia inornata were determined. An unusual embryogenesis without a clear seasonal pattern was observed, suggesting the possibility of an asexual origin. Sexual reproduction of Astroides calycularis was governed by annual changes in seawater temperature, as observed for other Mediterranean dendrophylliids. Defining the reproductive biology of these species is the starting point for studying their potential response to variations of environmental parameters, on a global climate change context. The results on the influence of temperature on reproductive output of the zooxanthellate (symbiosis with unicellular algae) Balanophyllia europaea and the non-zooxanthellate Leptopsammia pruvoti suggest that the latter may be quite tolerant to temperature increase, since the zooxanthellate species resulted less efficient at warm temperatures. A possible explanation could be related to their different trophic system. In B. europaea thermal tolerance is primarily governed by the symbiotic algae, making it more sensitive to temperature changes. On the contrary, the absence of symbionts in L. pruvoti might make it more resistant to temperature. In a progressively warming Mediterranean, the efficiency on scleractinian reproduction could be influenced in different ways, reflecting their extraordinary adaptability.

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Marchini, Chiara <1984&gt. "Reproduction and Population Structure in Temperate and Tropical Corals in Relation to Environmental Parameters". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7618/.

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In the marine realm, two of the main stressors causing significant changes are ocean warming and acidification. Of particular concern are organisms reliant on the generation of calcium carbonate, such as corals. Reproduction and population structure are strongly related to environmental parameters and may be indicators for stability or decline of coral populations. Part of my research focused on the reproductive cycle of the Mediterranean non-zooxanthellate coral Caryophyllia inornata in relation to seasonal variations of seawater temperature and photoperiod. Moreover, an unusual embryogenesis was found in females, males and inactive individuals during the entire year, indicating a possible agamic origin of embryos. This was a pilot study for a broader investigation along a wide latitudinal gradient of temperature and solar radiation. Reproductive traits of this coral do not vary along the gradient as observed for another non-zooxanthellate species, Leptopsammia pruvoti, indicating that these species could be quite tolerant to environmental changes, probably due to the lack of symbiosis with the zooxanthellae. A study on the spermatogenesis of the zooxanthellate coral Balanophyllia europaea living along a natural pCO2 gradient showed no significant variations with low pH. We hypothesized that high CO2 levels probably enhance zooxanthellae photosynthesis, leading to an increase of the available energy for gonadal development. The ability to reproduce in particular conditions is related to population structure, providing information on coral responses to the environment. I investigated the population structure of the tropical coral Montastraea cavernosa along a depth gradient in Bermuda. Deeper populations were characterized by smaller but more numerous colonies compared to shallow ones, with no variation in the percent cover among depths. Thus, mesophotic populations of M. cavernosa in Bermuda seem quite stable, indicating that these reefs may serve as a source of propagules to maintain shallower reefs and help guide future management and conservation strategies.

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Underwood, Jim. "Routine and rare genetic connections in corals off northwest Australia and the implications for conservation". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0158.

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[Truncated abstract] The extent to which marine populations are connected by larval dispersal is crucial to their distribution, maintenance and diversity. Thus, for the effective conservation of threatened systems such as coral reefs, understanding patterns of connectivity is essential. However, the biophysical mechanisms that retain or disperse larvae within and among populations are poorly understood. Though the open ocean environment provides the opportunity for long-distance dispersal, if this potential is only rarely realised, recruits produced from afar are unlikely to contribute to the local-scale demography of populations over ecological time frames, but will limit broad-scale genetic diversification over evolutionary time. This thesis explores the extent of genetic and demographic connectivity of two species of reef-building corals over a range of spatial scales among the discontinuous reef systems of northwest Australia. ... Putative source and sink dynamics were not random, but were associated with levels of disturbance and recovery from a recent and catastrophic coral bleaching. When S. hystrix samples from another two offshore systems were included in the analysis, large differences among systems showed that gene flow over hundreds of kilometres is rare over microevolutionary time scales that account for connections over multiple generations. Levels of subdivision over the same spatial scales were markedly lower in the acroporid coral, Acropora tenuis, than in S. hystrix. These results are congruent with expectations based on reproductive mode; in contrast to S. hystrix, which releases brooded larvae that are competent to settle immediately, A. tenuis broadcasts its gametes, and after external fertilisation, the larvae need to develop for several days before they are competent to settle. Despite the differences in levels of broad-scale subdivision, in both species significant differentiation was detected between reefs within systems (>10 km), and between sites within some reefs (< 10 km). These results indicate not only that dispersal between reefs and even some reef patches is restricted, but also that hydrodynamics influence retention of brooded and spawned larvae in similar ways. Further analysis of A. tenuis populations from two coastal systems detected significant differences in genetic diversity among the four major systems of northwest Australia. Additionally, genetic divergence between the coastal and offshore zones was greater than expected by the geographic separation of systems, indicating that connectivity between these zones via transport of A. tenuis larvae on oceanic currents occurs rarely even over microevolutionary time scales. This study has two primary implications for conservation. First, since coastal and offshore reefs of northwest Australia appear to be discrete genetic entities, they have independent evolutionary potential to adapt to local conditions and environmental change. Second, systems, reefs and some reef patches of northwest Australia are demographically independent units. Therefore, designs of coral reserve networks should consider routine dispersal distances of kilometres to a few tens of kilometres.

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Striewski, Sebastian [Verfasser], Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Tollrian i Klemens F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Störtkuhl. "Impact of ocean acidification on the reproduction, recruitment and growth of scleractinian corals / Sebastian Striewski. Gutachter: Ralph Tollrian ; Klemens F. Störtkuhl". Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/109588414X/34.

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Sherman, Craig D. H. "The importance of fine-scale environmental heterogeneity in determing levels of genotypic diversity and local adaptation". Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060726.114643/index.html.

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Waller, Rhian G. "The reproductive ecology of deep-water scleractinian corals". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402225.

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Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia. "Increase of Excavating Sponges on Caribbean Coral Reefs: Reproduction, Dispersal, and Coral Deterioration". NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/5.

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Coral reefs ecosystems are deteriorating and facing dramatic changes. These changes suggest a shift in dominance from corals to other benthic organisms. Particularly in the Caribbean Sea, with corals dying, sponges have become the leading habitat-forming benthic animals. However, little is known about what life-history traits allow organisms to proliferate in a marine system that is undergoing change. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to try to understand the current increase of encrusting excavating sponges on deteriorating Caribbean coral reefs through the study of reproduction, recruitment and dispersal potential of the widely distributed and currently expanding species, Cliona delitrix. Different methodological approaches were used, such as histology, electron microscopy, quantification of sponges in the field, genetics, and mathematical modeling. Results are presented in four different chapters. It was found that Cliona delitrix has an extended reproductive cycle in Florida, USA, from April - May to around November - December depending on a >25°C sea-water temperature threshold. C. delitrix gametogenesis is asynchronous and it has multiple spawning events. C. delitrix is recruiting abundantly on Caribbean coral reefs, preferentially on recent coral mortality than on old coral mortality. The increase in C. delitrix and other excavating sponges can be explained by the repeated spawning and by the coincidence in time and space of larval production with the availability of new dead coral, which tend to overlap during the warmest months of the year. Eggs or larvae of C. delitrix appear to survive enough to be transported by currents over larger distances. It was found that dispersal ranges for Cliona delitrix may reach as far as ~315 km in the Florida reef track, and over ~971 km in the South Caribbean Sea, between Belize and Panama. Thus, reproduction, dispersal, and recruitment patterns of C. delitrix along with oceanographic currents, and eddies that form at different periods of time, are sustaining the spread of this sponge on coral reefs. According to mathematical models carried out, C. delitrix increase on reefs fluctuates depending of coral mortality events and available space on old dead coral (colonized by algae and other invertebrates). However, under temperature anomalies, these sponges will 2 tend to increase and take over the reef system only if heat stress and coral mortality is moderate. Under massive mortality events both corals and sponges will tend to decline, although sponges at a slower rate than corals. In general, coral excavating sponges have been favored by coral mortality, especially during past few decades. However as bioeroders, their success is also limited by the success of calcifying corals. In a reef management context and based on this dissertation’s findings, it is suggested that excavating sponges, and especially Cliona delitrix, should be more formally included in reef monitoring programs. Their increase can be used to track coral mortality events on reefs (past and future), and also can be used as another major bioindicator of health on coral reefs.

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Vollmer, Alicia A. "Rare Parthenogenic Reproduction in a Common Reef Coral, Porites astreoides". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/464.

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Multiple stressors have caused a decline in coral populations. Broadcast spawning corals once dominated the Florida Reef Tract (FRT), but since their decline, smaller brooding corals, soft corals, and macroalgae are replacing them. Brooding corals are more resilient to current threats in part because they are reproductive throughout much of the year and their larvae are competent to settle after release. Despite the ubiquity of brooders on Florida reefs, much of their reproductive strategy remains unknown. This study aimed to examine paternity as a function of colony size and density in Porites astreoides, a common brooding coral in the FRT. Porites astreoides colonies were configured in arrays at three densities that were replicated three times. A focal colony was surrounded by six other colonies, separated from the focal colony at different distances (1m, 7m, and 15m) representing high, moderate, and low population densities, respectively. All arrays were placed in the field but were separated from the reef and naturally occurring P. astreoides colonies by at least 50 m. Four days before the new moon, colonies were transported to the laboratory for larval collection. Over a four day period, a total of 3,184 larvae were collected from 24 colonies, 13 of which released larvae over consecutive days. The resulting larvae were genotyped using seven microsatellite markers. All larvae had the exact genotypes of the colony from which the larvae were collected, i.e. maternal- egg donor. This suggested the larvae were parthenogenically produced and no sperm was used to fertilize the eggs. This is the first study to suggest that parthenogenesis is occurring in P. astreoides. In today's oceans that have been depleted of corals, parthenogenesis may be an advantageous reproductive strategy used to boost populations. However, parthenogenesis reduces the genetic diversity which could hinder successful sexual reproduction in the future causing fragmented populations.

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Książki na temat "Corals – Reproduction"

Sheppard, Charles. 3. The architects of a reef. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682775.003.0003.

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‘The architects of a reef’ gives a global overview of reef distribution and details the biology, growth, and reproduction of the main animals and plants that build them. Coral reefs are diverse, tropical ecosystems. The dominant groups of biota are corals, coelenterate animals, mostly living in colonies but with some solitary species. All lay down a skeleton of limestone. The key to the evolutionary success of reef corals is the symbiosis that they form with single-celled algae that grow in the coral tissue itself. Coral’s energy sources, coral wars, and the other organisms found in coral reefs—soft corals, other calcareous coral relatives, sponges, and calcareous algae—are described.

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Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy and Maintenance of the Corpus Luteum (Journal of Reproduction and Fertility.). Journal of Reproduction & Fertility, 1989.

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Cortell, Anna Katherine. Cyclopropenoid fatty acid-induced suppression of ovine corpus luteum function. 1990.

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B, Mahesh Virendra, red. Regulation of ovarian and testicular function. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Bertrand, Jennifer Elaine. Cellular mechanisms of altered bovine luteal function in response to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone. 1995.

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Using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at breeding to enhance corpus luteum function in dairy cows. Honolulu, Hawaii: HITAHR, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, 1990.

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Miniatures in the Gospels of St Augustine. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Graves, Margaret S. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695910.003.0001.

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The introduction outlines the art of the object in medieval Islam and introduces several of the book’s key concepts. It aligns architecture and the plastic arts, and shows how points of commonality between these “arts of the third dimension” are drawn allusively in the medieval Islamic context, relying not on direct morphological likeness but on indirect models of representation. It also discusses the implications of miniaturization and draws distinctions between the allusive artworks under discussion and representational objects like architectural maquettes or votive models. The introduction tackles head-on the unique issues of medieval Islamic portable artworks: the mobility of the objects and the problems this raises for traditional taxonomies, the role of the art market in the formation of the extant corpus, and the reductive effects of museum display and photographic reproduction on objects that were originally designed to be held and moved in the hands.

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Saussy, Haun. Translation as Citation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812531.001.0001.

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Translation as Citation denies that translating amounts to the composition, in one language, of statements equivalent to statements previously made in another. Rather, translation works with elements of the language and culture in which it arrives, often reconfiguring them irreversibly: it creates, with a fine disregard for precedent, loan words, calques, forced metaphors, forged pasts, imaginary relationships, and dialogues of the dead. Creativity, in this form of writing usually considered merely reproductive, is the subject of this book. When the first proponents of Buddhism arrived in China, creativity was forced upon them: a vocabulary adequate to their purpose had yet to be invented. A Chinese Buddhist textual corpus took shape over centuries despite the near-absence of bilingual speakers. One basis of this translating activity was the rewriting of existing Chinese philosophical texts, and especially the most exorbitant of all these, the collection of dialogues, fables, and paradoxes known as the Zhuangzi. The Zhuangzi also furnished a linguistic basis for Chinese Christianity when the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci, arriving in the later part of the Ming dynasty, allowed his friends and associates to frame his teachings in the language of early Daoism. It would function as well when Xu Zhimo translated from The Flowers of Evil in the 1920s. The chance but overdetermined encounter of Zhuangzi and Baudelaire yielded a “strange music” that retroactively echoes through two millennia of Chinese translation, outlining a new understanding of the translator’s craft that cuts across the dividing lines of current theories and critiques of translation.

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Części książek na temat "Corals – Reproduction"

Harrison, Peter L. "Sexual Reproduction of Scleractinian Corals". W Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition, 59–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0114-4_6.

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Airi, Valentina, Francesca Gizzi, Chiara Marchini i Stefano Goffredo. "Sexual Reproduction of Mediterranean Scleractinian Corals". W The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future, 269–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_17.

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Shlesinger, Tom, i Yossi Loya. "Sexual Reproduction of Scleractinian Corals in Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems vs. Shallow Reefs". W Coral Reefs of the World, 653–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92735-0_35.

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Kramarsky-Winter, Esti. "Morphological, Physiological and Cytological Aspects of Reproduction in Scleractinian Corals". W Diseases of Coral, 108–24. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118828502.ch7.

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Sawall, Yvonne, i Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani. "Biology of Red Sea Corals: Metabolism, Reproduction, Acclimatization, and Adaptation". W The Red Sea, 487–509. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45201-1_28.

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Richmond, Robert H. "Reproduction and Recruitment in Corals: Critical Links in the Persistence of Reefs". W Life and Death of Coral Reefs, 175–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5995-5_8.

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Chadwick, N. E., i C. Adams. "Locomotion, asexual reproduction, and killing of corals by the corallimorpharian Corynactis californica". W Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora, 263–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_38.

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Shikina, Shinya, i Ching-Fong Chang. "Sexual Reproduction in Stony Corals and Insight into the Evolution of Oogenesis in Cnidaria". W The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future, 249–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_16.

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Murphy, Michelle. "Distributed Reproduction". W Corpus, 21–38. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119536_2.

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Isomura, Naoko, i Hironobu Fukami. "Coral Reproduction in Japan". W Coral Reef Studies of Japan, 95–110. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6473-9_7.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Corals – Reproduction"

De Santi, Valentina, Carlo A. Gemignani, Anna Guarducci i Luisa Rossi. "Rappresentazioni planimetriche, vedutistiche e tridimensionali per la fortificazione di due isole del Mediterraneo occidentale: Elba e Palmaria (secolo XIX)". W FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11497.

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Planimetric maps, views and three-dimensional representations for the fortification of two western Mediterranean islands: Elba and Palmaria (nineteenth century)The French expansion and domination in Italy between the Revolutionary Age and the Empire based on a widespread activity of territorial knowledge, which rested in the Corps of Engineers-Geographers and in the Military Genius the main actors. The paper summarizes the results of long research on this activity, carried out in the islands of Elba (Tuscany) and Palmaria (Liguria): two strategic islands in the western Mediterranean. The need to equip the territories dominated by the French with increasingly functional defenses, gave a strong impulse to the renewal of surveying and cartography, with the use of geodetic projections, views and three-dimensional models. Elba example is significant for the complete triangulation of the island connected to the Corsica one (with part of Sardinia and the smaller islands of the Tuscan archipelago). Geographer engineers such as Tranchot, Simonel, Moynet, Puissant worked on these activities and produced some maps and a small model of part of Elba. In the Palmaria example the three-dimensional reproduction (plan-relief) was contextual to the work of Genius engineers who produced a vast and organic corpus of maps of various scales, views, sketches and watercolors, suitable to represent the most complete visualization of the landscapes where to insert defensive buildings. The collaboration between French and Italian engineers took advantage of this first experience in designing some batteries. However, it was the post-Napoleonic decades that made Palmaria island a powerful “fortress island” to defend the entrance to the Gulf of La Spezia, where the military arsenal (commissioned by Cavour and built by Domenico Chiodo) arose.

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Kudiņš, Bernards. "Antroponīmu ar detoponīmiskajiem pievārdiem atveide “Nībelungu dziesmas” tulkojumā latviešu valodā". W LU Studentu zinātniskā konference "Mundus et". LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lu.szk.2.rk.10.

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The current study is dedicated to anthroponymy in the Middle High German epic poem “Song of the Nibelungs”, delving into the problem of rendering anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames. It was carried out with the aim to develop strategies for their depiction in the Latvian language in order to form a scientific basis for the translation of this epic poem. Methods such as quantitative and qualitative corpus analysis and empirical research were used to find out how anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames are realized in the “Song of the Nibelungs”, what is their role in text structure and message and how these properties can be reproduced in the target language. It has been found that detoponyms not only provide information about the origins of epic characters, but also perform formally stylistic functions, and their reproduction requires creative solutions to preserve their unique features. In conclusion, practical examples of the implementation of rendering strategies in translation are presented, which clearly show the close connections between anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames and the structure of the text and justify the choice of specific approaches

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Versen-Höynck, F., P. Narasimhan, ES Selamet Tierney, N. Martinez, KP Conrad, VL Baker i VD Winn. "Aberrant corpus luteum number is associated with altered maternal vascular health in early pregnancy – a contributor to increased preeclampsia risk after assisted reproduction?" W 62. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – DGGG'18. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671288.

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Ponomarjova, Olga, Ilga Sematovica, Inga Piginka-Vjaceslavova i Aida Vanaga. "Cattle (Bos Taurus) endometrium morphology on the seventh day of the estrous cycle". W Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.021.

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The aim of our study was to describe the histopathological and cytological characteristic of the cow endometrium on the seventh day of the estrous cycle. In this study, 11 different breeds’ dairy cows (78.18 ± 37.46 months old, in 3.6 ± 2.17 lactation, the mean body condition score 3.4 ± 0.72 (5 points scale)) from Research and Study farm ‘Vecauce’ were selected. All cows were more than 210 days postpartum. Overall health and reproductive tract examination was performed, progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentration in blood serum were established and the biopsy and cytology samples of endometrium were taken. Mean E2 concentration was 14.92 ± 7.92 pg mL-1, mean P4 concentration was 13.64 ± 9.44 nmol L-1. The mean percentage in the cytology slides was established: epithelial cells 89 ± 9%, polimorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) 6 ± 5%. Cytological subclinical endometritis (SE) was confirmed in 5 cows. Histopathological findings (out of 22 samples): endometrium stromal edema in 14, hemosiderin and hemosiderophages in 8, supranuclear vacuolization in 12, pseudodecidual reaction in 12 samples. No subnuclear vacuolization and mitosis in the glandular epithelium were detected. Histopathological examination did not reveal SE. Morphology between the uterine horns with and without corpus luteum (CL) and between cows with serum P4 level higher than 15 nmol L-1 and lower than 15 nmol L-1 were not statistically different (p>0.05). In conclusion, histopatological examination is more reliable diagnostic method for SE. Future investigation should be performed to establish cut-off values for the diagnosis of SE in cows more than 210 days postpartum.

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