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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „COPs”

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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

Luck, Edward C. "Good Cops, Bad Cops?" Foreign Affairs 80, nr 2 (2001): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20050137.

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Kawecka-Grochocka, Ewelina, Magdalena Zalewska, Aleksandra Kapusta, Tomasz Ząbek, Magdalena Rzewuska, Sławomir Petrykowski i Emilia Bagnicka. "Transcripts and protein levels of CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes in dairy cattle mammary gland secretory tissue during chronic staphylococcal infection". Journal of Dairy Research 88, nr 1 (luty 2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029921000145.

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AbstractOur objective was to determine the influence of chronic coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) infection on the mRNA and protein levels of two main milk proteins responsible for cheese curd quantity and quality, alpha-S1-casein (CSN1S1) and kappa-casein (CSN3). Measurements were made in cow mammary parenchyma with a prevalence of secretory tissue (MGST). Samples of MGST were collected from the separate quarters and divided into CoPS, CoNS and bacteria-free (H) groups according to the microbiological status of the quarter milk. No differences in CSN1S1 and CSN3 mRNA level were found between groups, however, CSN1S1 protein level was significantly higher in the H group than the CoNS group, and CSN3 protein level was significantly higher in H than CoPS group. Hence, while the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes appear to be constitutively expressed at the mRNA level in dairy cow MGST during mastitis, CoNS infection negatively affected CSN1S1 protein level, and CoPS infection negatively affected CSN3 protein level. The lack of change at the mRNA level suggests that staphylococcal infection may affect the post-transcriptional or post-translational modifications.
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Benoit, Jean-Pierre, i Juan Dubra1. "WHY DO GOOD COPS DEFEND BAD COPS?*". International Economic Review 45, nr 3 (sierpień 2004): 787–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00287.x.

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Agnew, Robert, i Sandra Huguley. "Gang Cops". Teaching Sociology 18, nr 4 (październik 1990): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1317676.

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McLeod, Hayley. "Kindergârten cops". Veterinary Nursing Journal 22, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415349.2007.11013543.

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Kane, Robert J., i Michael D. White. "Bad cops". Criminology & Public Policy 8, nr 4 (listopad 2009): 737–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00591.x.

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Manning, Peter K. "Bad cops". Criminology & Public Policy 8, nr 4 (listopad 2009): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00594.x.

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8

Choi, Charles. "Keyboard Cops". Scientific American 287, nr 6 (grudzień 2002): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1202-36c.

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9

Blinkhorn, Steve. "Unfair cops?" Nature 362, nr 6421 (kwiecień 1993): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362655a0.

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Heidensohn, Frances, i Ron Hope. "Fairer Cops?" Criminal Justice Matters 17, nr 1 (wrzesień 1994): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259408552687.

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Darbyshire, Neil. "Fair cops". British Journalism Review 27, nr 1 (marzec 2016): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956474816636815b.

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Abdel-Shafi, Seham, Heba El-Serwy, Yehia El-Zawahry, Maysaa Zaki, Basel Sitohy i Mahmoud Sitohy. "The Association between icaA and icaB Genes, Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococci spp." Antibiotics 11, nr 3 (15.03.2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030389.

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Sixty-six (66) Staphylococcus bacterial isolates were withdrawn from separate clinical samples of hospitalized patients with various clinical infections. Conventional bacteriological tests identified the species of all isolates, and standard microbiological techniques differentiated them into CoPS or CoNS. Their biofilm development was followed by an analysis via the MTP (microtiter tissue culture plates) technique, and we then investigated the presence/absence of icaA and icaB, which were qualified in the top-30 potent biofilm-forming isolates. Thirteen isolates (46.7%) showed the presence of one gene, six (20%) isolates exhibited the two genes, while ten (33.3%) had neither of them. The formation of staphylococci biofilms in the absence of ica genes may be related to the presence of other biofilm formation ica-independent mechanisms. CoPS was the most abundant species among the total population. S. aureus was the sole representative of CoPS, while S. epidermidis was the most abundant form of CoNS. Antibiotic resistance was developing against the most frequently used antimicrobial drugs, while vancomycin was the least-resisted drug. The totality of the strong and medium-strength film-forming isolates represented the majority proportion (80%) of the total investigated clinical samples. The biochemical pattern CoPS is associated with antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation and can be an alarming indicator of potential antibiotic resistance.
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13

Bicchi, Federica. "Communities of practice and what they can do for International Relations". Review of International Studies 48, nr 1 (5.10.2021): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210521000528.

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AbstractThis article argues that communities of practice (CoPs) provide IR with a unique way to understand how a small group of committed people can make a difference to international politics. The point is addressed in three steps. First, the article advances our understanding of how CoPs work. While at its core a CoP is a group of people brought together by a practice they enjoy, a CoP also shares a sense of timing, placing, and humour. These aspects help the group anchor, refine, and innovate their practice in the face of challenges and uncertainty. Second, the article contrasts the analysis of CoPs with other IR approaches, especially institutional analysis, network analysis, and epistemic communities, to show how CoPs supplement them. Third, the article illustrates the argument with the example of the EU foreign policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It concludes by suggesting that a CoP's perspective not only helps IR better understand informal politics, but also opens up conversations across disciplines.
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14

Bicchi, Federica. "Communities of practice and what they can do for International Relations". Review of International Studies 48, nr 1 (5.10.2021): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210521000528.

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AbstractThis article argues that communities of practice (CoPs) provide IR with a unique way to understand how a small group of committed people can make a difference to international politics. The point is addressed in three steps. First, the article advances our understanding of how CoPs work. While at its core a CoP is a group of people brought together by a practice they enjoy, a CoP also shares a sense of timing, placing, and humour. These aspects help the group anchor, refine, and innovate their practice in the face of challenges and uncertainty. Second, the article contrasts the analysis of CoPs with other IR approaches, especially institutional analysis, network analysis, and epistemic communities, to show how CoPs supplement them. Third, the article illustrates the argument with the example of the EU foreign policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It concludes by suggesting that a CoP's perspective not only helps IR better understand informal politics, but also opens up conversations across disciplines.
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15

Yang, Zhongji, Liangqun Qi, Xin Li i Tianxi Wang. "How Does Successful Catch-Up Occur in Complex Products and Systems from the Innovation Ecosystem Perspective? A Case of China’s High-Speed Railway". Sustainability 14, nr 13 (29.06.2022): 7930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137930.

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Successful catch-up is an important channel to achieve sustainable development for emerging economies; however, it is a great challenge to catch up in complex products and systems (CoPS). Studies show limited evidence on how successful catch-up occurred in CoPS for emerging economies. This study holds the view that CoPS catch-up means a narrower gap in the innovation ecosystem between latecomers and leaders. This study disentangles the CoPS innovation ecosystem and uses China’s high-speed railway (HSR) as a longitudinal case with abundant data to explore how successful catch-up in CoPS is achieved. The results show that the CoPS innovation ecosystem presents a dynamic evolution in the technology innovation subsystem, the value creation subsystem, and the habitat. Four types of forces from the innovation ecosystem mix together to drive CoPS catch-up. Finally, this study proposes a CoPS catch-up process model following the basic logic of start point, activities, and performance, and CoPS industrial standards are used to measure CoPS catch-up performance. The study on CoPS catch-up from an innovation ecosystem perspective provides new insights and useful implications for governments and entities in CoPS of emerging economies.
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16

Jassbi, Abdollah, Javad Jassbi, Peyman Akhavan, Mei-Tai Chu i Morteza Piri. "An empirical investigation for alignment of communities of practice with organization using fuzzy Delphi panel". VINE 45, nr 3 (10.08.2015): 322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vine-06-2014-0040.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design a model to outline the structure of communities of practice (CoPs) corresponding to organizational context. Design/methodology/approach – This research utilizes both descriptive and prescriptive approaches, as the authors are looking for a comprehensive relational model to deal with the problem of selecting suitable CoPs concerning organizational context. Thus, this study applies interviewing and fuzzy Delphi methods to explore the model. Findings – The work provides a new and comprehensive relational model of CoPs and organizational variables affecting CoPs structure. In this model, three basic concepts of the literature were developed. First, the components concerning types of CoPs were identified and then the organizational variables related to CoPs were determined. Finally, the authors extracted the relationships between the organizational variables and the components of CoPs. Practical implications – From a practical perspective, the relationships among the components concerning types of CoPs and the organizational variables may provide a model which can effectively guide firms how to promote, design and manage CoPs within organizational contexts. Originality/value – The results of this study contribute to CoPs literature in terms of identification of two variables (CoPs components and organizational variables) to produce a matrix for the construction of a holistic CoPs model. The significant finding of this research is the guidance it provides for designing a relational model involving relations between organizational variables and CoPs components.
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17

Rynerson, Barbara C. "COPS & COUNSELORS". Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 27, nr 2 (luty 1989): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19890201-08.

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18

Jennings, Wesley G. "Cops and Cameras". Criminology & Public Policy 17, nr 3 (sierpień 2018): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12375.

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19

Alpert, Mark. "Science for Cops". Scientific American 289, nr 6 (grudzień 2003): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1203-116.

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20

Addington, Lynn A. "Cops and Cameras". American Behavioral Scientist 52, nr 10 (24.03.2009): 1426–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764209332556.

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21

Walters, Mark. "Cops and Consultation". Alternative Law Journal 30, nr 3 (czerwiec 2005): 112–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0503000303.

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22

Rizzo, Matthew, Qian Shi, Jeffrey D. Dawson, Steven W. Anderson, Ida Kellison i Thomas Pietras. "Stops for Cops". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1922, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192200101.

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Response to an emergency vehicle requires detection and recognition of an object in peripheral vision, situation recognition, and a rapid response to execute a safety maneuver to decrease the potential for crashing into the vehicle or striking people situated near it. To investigate situation awareness and response to a roadway emergency in at-risk elderly drivers, 149 licensed older drivers were tested with a battery of visual and cognitive tests and in a driving simulator scenario in which drivers encountered a police car on the shoulder of the road. Forty-eight drivers (mean age of 73.5) had cognitive impairments caused by mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, and 101 (mean age of 69.3 years) were neurologically normal. Results showed that compared with controls, drivers with Alzheimer's reacted more slowly (P = 0.0008)—with abrupt decelerations resulting—or failed to steer clear of the police car (P = 0.0036). Several older drivers stopped in the middle of the road. Poorer scores on neuropsychological tests of perception, attention, memory, and executive function predicted slower first reactions and increased the risk of inappropriate and potentially unsafe reactions. These results provide evidence that cognitive errors leading to unsafe driver behaviors can be tested safely in a simulator. The findings suggest that there is decreased situation awareness or poor executive control over response implementation in older drivers with cognitive decline, possibly at the level of selecting one of several possible learned evasive motor actions.
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23

Klein, Alice. "Cops on camera". New Scientist 236, nr 3148 (październik 2017): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)32063-8.

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24

Robinson, Margaret S. "Membrane traffic COPs". Nature 349, nr 6312 (luty 1991): 743–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349743a0.

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Evans, William N., i Emily G. Owens. "COPS and crime". Journal of Public Economics 91, nr 1-2 (luty 2007): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.05.014.

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Van Maanen, John. "Good Cops, Bad Cops: Working the Binaries in the NYPD". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 41, nr 3 (maj 2012): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306112443518f.

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Sim, Kai An, Ta Sheng Tan i Kok Bin Wong. "Lazy Cops and Robber on Certain Cayley Graph". Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 18, nr 2 (16.05.2022): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v18n2.2235.

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The lazy cop number is the minimum number of cops needed for the cops to have a winning strategy in the game of Cops and Robber where at most one cop may move in any one round. This variant of the game of Cops and Robber, called Lazy Cops and Robber, was introduced by Offner and Ojakian, who provided bounds for the lazy cop number of hypercubes. In this paper, we are interested in the game of Lazy Cops and Robber on a Cayley graph of n copies of Zm+1.
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28

Nkuna, S., i A. S. A. du Toit. "Knowledge Sharing Through Communities of Practice in a Financial Institution". Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 13, nr 01 (marzec 2014): 1450008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649214500087.

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This article discusses the effectiveness of knowledge sharing (KS) within communities of practice (CoPs) in a financial institution in South Africa. This was achieved through understanding the current state of KS within the CoPs, identifying critical factors for effectively sharing knowledge and thereafter determining reasons for a CoP not being effective in sharing knowledge. The results showed that there is still a long way to go to ensure the effectiveness of KS through CoPs. The CoPs within this financial institution are informal in nature, and therefore not necessarily given the attention that they deserve. Time used for CoPs is not maximised effectively, which reduces the chances of their effectiveness and improvement of productivity. Lack of effective system infrastructure to support KS is also a massive challenge for the CoPs, as is not having virtual Cops to reduce challenges faced in the use of face-to-face CoPs.
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Longo, Maria Cristina, i Alessandro Narduzzo. "Transactive knowledge from communities of practice to firms". European Journal of Innovation Management 20, nr 2 (8.05.2017): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-10-2016-0098.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze to what extent and under which conditions R&D projects benefit from team members’ participation in spontaneous and work-related communities of practice (CoPs). Design/methodology/approach This is a quantitative empirical study. R&D projects are the unit of analysis. Data are collected through interviews to 121 informants who are members of 60 R&D projects and participants in 195 CoPs. Findings The participation of project team members in work-related CoPs positively affects the R&D project performance. This positive effect applies also to radically innovative projects. The diversity in the institutional affiliation of CoPs members is also highly significant and positively correlated with the project performance. Research limitations/implications The paper considers only work-related CoPs, thus neglecting the knowledge transacted through other types of CoPs. Practical implications Practitioners should support the autonomous participation of project team members to spontaneous and work-related CoPs that cut across the organizational boundaries. Team leaders may enhance team innovative capabilities and performance by ensuring diversity of knowledge and skills from CoPs whose members work for institutions that differ from each other. Originality/value First, this study provides quantitative evidence of the CoPs ability to support innovation. Second, this research is focused on spontaneous and work-related CoPs within business environments. Third, this study does not analyze CoPs performance, but it postulates a connection between innovative organizational units (i.e. R&D projects) and spontaneous CoPs that cut across the firms’ boundaries.
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Okabe, M., i H. Okano. "Two-step induction of chordotonal organ precursors in Drosophila embryogenesis". Development 124, nr 5 (1.03.1997): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.5.1045.

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The chordotonal (Ch) organ, an internal stretch receptor located in the subepidermal layer, is one of the major sensory organs in the peripheral nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. Although the cell lineage of the Ch organ has been well characterized in many studies, the determination machinery of Ch organ precursor cells (COPs) remains largely unresolved. Here we report that the rhomboid (rho) gene and the activity of the Drosophila EGF receptor (DER) signaling pathway are necessary to induce specifically three of the eight COPs in an embryonic abdominal hemisegment. The cell-lineage analysis of COPs using the yeast flpase (flp/FRT) method indicated that each of the eight COPs originated from an individual undifferentiated ectodermal cell. The eight COPs in each abdominal hemisegment seemed to be determined by a two-phase induction: first, five COPs are determined by the action of the proneural gene atonal and neurogenic genes. Subsequently, these five COPs start to express the rho gene, and rho activates the DER-signaling pathway in neighboring cells and induces argos expression. Three of these argos-expressing cells differentiate into the three remaining COPs and they prevent neighboring cells from becoming extra COPs.
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Hur, Sun Jin, Ki Chang Nam, Byungrok Min, Min Du, Kwon Il Seo i Dong Uk Ahn. "Effects of Dietary Cholesterol and Its Oxidation Products on Pathological Lesions and Cholesterol and Lipid Oxidation in the Rabbit Liver". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/598612.

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This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary cholesterol (CHO) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) on the induction of pathological lesions in rabbit liver tissues. Liver lesions were induced only when the levels of CHO and COPs in the diet were very high. The amount of CHO measured in the liver increased when dietary CHO was increased; by comparison, dietary COPs affected liver CHO amounts to a lesser extent. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value measured for the liver samples also increased when dietary CHO and COP levels were elevated, and the TBARS value was more strongly affected by the amount of COPs in the diet than by the amount of CHO. At 6 and 12 weeks, COP levels were the highest in the group that received 1.2 g CHO + 0.8 g COPs, followed by the 0.5 g CHO + 0.5 g COPs and 1.6 g CHO + 0.4 g COPs groups; the control (0 g) group showed the lowest COP levels among all groups. In this study, we found that not only dietary CHO but also COPs were involved in hypercholesterolemia induced liver lesions when the amount of CHO and COPs was high.
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Rosello, Mireille. "Good cops, black cops: ethnicity and solidarity in PJ Saint-Martin". Journal of Romance Studies 5, nr 3 (grudzień 2005): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jrs.5.3.79.

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Watkins, Grace. "'Cops Are Cops': American Campus Police and the Global Carceral Apparatus". Comparative American Studies An International Journal 17, nr 3-4 (1.10.2020): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1895039.

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Guimarães, Felipe Freitas, Samea Fernandes Joaquim, Marcela Pinho Manzi, Rodrigo Costa da Silva, Ariane Cristina Mendes de Oliveira Bruder-Nascimento, Elizabeth Oliveira Costa i Hélio Langoni. "Comparison phenotypic and genotypic identification of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis". Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, nr 12 (grudzień 2016): 1160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016001200003.

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ABSTRACT: In addition to Staphylococcus aureus nowadays other coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), earlier considered of minor importance, are now accepted as relevant pathogens for humans and animals. The involvement of these microorganisms in bovine mastitis etiology and the possibility their transmission through milk to humans justify the requirement of developing reliable methods for identification of the most frequent species among them. The purpose of this study was to compare the phenotypic techniques with the genotypic method carried out by sequencing of the rpoB gene in identification of several species of the genus Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis. A total of 300 staphylococci isolates of bovine mastitis cases from several Brazilian dairy herds were studied by phenotypic and genotypic techniques, respectively: 150 CoPS and 150 CoNS strains. A total of 18 CoNS different species and 4 CoPS species were identified. Among the CoNS the following species were recognized: 48 (32%) Staphylococcus warneri, 22(15%) S. epidermidis, 20(13%) S. hyicus, 10(7%) S. xylosus, 7(5%) S. haemolyticus, 6(4%) S. simulans, 6(4%) S. schleiferi subsp schleiferi, 6(4%) S. hominis, 5(3%) S. pasteuri, 4(2.7%) S. cohnii, 3(2%) S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus 3(2%) S. chromogenes 3(2%) S. sciuri, 2(1%) S. saccharolyticus, 2(1%) S. lugdunensi, 1(0,7%) S. auricularis, 1(70%) S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis, 1(0.7%) S. capitis. And among the 150 CoPS were identified respectively: 105 (70%) S. aureus, 21(14%), S. hyicus, 19(13%) S. intermedius e 5(3%) S. schleiferi subsp coagulans. Considering the 150 CoNS isolates, the identifications performed by phenotypic and genotypic tests presented 96.7% of concordance, kappa coefficient of agreement = 0.933, SE (standard error) of kappa=0.021 (95% confidence interval: 0.893 to 0.974), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9977, (confidence interval 95%: 0.9938 a 0.9992) and in relation to 150 CPS isolates it was detected an agreement of 98.7%, kappa = 0.960, SE of kappa = 0.016, (95% confidence interval: 0.929 to 0.992) Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9994 (95% confidence interval: 0.9681 to 1.0000). The verified agreement strength between the identification methods can be considered as excellent. These results assure that according to laboratory resources any of them will be suitable to perform the staphylococci identification.
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Barbour, Liza, Rebecca Armstrong, Patrick Condron i Claire Palermo. "Communities of practice to improve public health outcomes: a systematic review". Journal of Knowledge Management 22, nr 2 (12.03.2018): 326–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-03-2017-0111.

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Purpose Communities of practice (CoPs) exist to enable people to share knowledge, innovate and progress a common field of practice. This paper aims to identify whether CoPs have a measured impact on public health practice and the tools used to measure the impact and potential barriers and facilitators that may have been identified during the implementation of these CoPs. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Searches of six databases, Google Scholar and a citation search were completed. Included studies were from 1986 to 2016, involved the public health workforce and an evaluation of a CoP -like intervention. A narrative synthesis of the findings was conducted. Findings From 3,021 publications, 12 studies met inclusion criteria and described the impact of ten CoPs amongst public health practitioners from America, Canada, Australasia and the United Kingdom. CoPs support the prevention workforce to change their practice when they provide structured problem-solving, reflective practice and networking opportunities. None of the studies described the impact of CoPs on public health outcomes. Practical implications CoPs that provide structured problem-solving, reflective practice and diverse networking may effectively support the public health workforce. Existing methods used to evaluate CoPs lack rigour; thus, the true impact of CoPs on population health remains unknown. Originality/value This is the first known systematic review that has measured the impact of CoPs on the preventative health workforce and the conditions in which they have an impact.
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Lai, Chao An, Bin Bin Li i Zhi Xia Zhou. "Research on Non-Linear Dynamics Correcting Mechanism of Complex Products and System". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (czerwiec 2010): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.679.

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The technology composition and system architecture of complex products and system (CoPS) is very sophisticated, and the success rate of CoPS development is low. A system-based model for optimal design of CoPS was presented with system dynamics (SD) as the study framework, and Rough Set (RS) theory was used to analysis the structure of feedback loops in causality graph of CoPS, so as to find non-linear dynamics correcting mechanism of CoPS, which can assist inexperienced users to perform simulation analysis for quality and reliability improvement, alternative design evaluation and modularity assessment, thus helping to enhance robustness of CoPS at the design stage and increase the success rate. This paper showed the practical application with a simulation case at last.
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Ren, Yaping, Xinyu Lu, Hongfei Guo, Zhaokang Xie, Haoyang Zhang i Chaoyong Zhang. "A Review of Combinatorial Optimization Problems in Reverse Logistics and Remanufacturing for End-of-Life Products". Mathematics 11, nr 2 (6.01.2023): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020298.

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During the end-of-life (EOL) product recovery process, there are a series of combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) that should be efficiently solved. These COPs generally result from reverse logistics (RL) and remanufacturing, such as facility location and vehicle routing in RL, and scheduling, planning, and line balancing in remanufacturing. Each of the COPs in RL and remanufacturing has been reviewed; however, no review comprehensively discusses and summarizes the COPs in both. To fill the gap, a comprehensive review of the COPs in both RL and remanufacturing is given in this paper, in which typical COPs arising at the end of the product life cycle are discussed and analyzed for the first time. To better summarize these COPs, 160 papers published since 1992 are selected and categorized into three modules: facility location and vehicle routing in RL, scheduling in remanufacturing, and disassembly in remanufacturing. Finally, the existing research gaps are identified and some possible directions are described.
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Shujahata, Muhammad, i Minhong Wang. "The online communities of practices and faculty members’ professional development: A critical literature review". Multidisciplinary Business Review 15, nr 2 (31.12.2022): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35692/07183992.15.2.6.

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Following the success of online communities of practices (Online CoPs) in the business sector for the professional development of employees, the idea of fostering the online cultivation of CoPs in educational institutions for the professional development of faculty members has been researched and practiced. Although this topic has not achieved maturity in the literature, this study is based on contingency theory/perspective views that the fundamentals of educational institutions are different from the fundamentals of business organisations. This means the research and implementation of Online CoPs with regard to educational institutions are unique and thus different from those of business organisations. Consequently, this study aimed to highlight the research gaps regarding the methodological approaches, the limited scope and conceptualisation of online CoPs, the limitations of theoretical foundations underlying CoPs, and the benefits and barriers of online CoPs in educational institutions. A critical semi-structured review methodology was employed. The findings expose the critical theoretical limitations and highlight the distinctive barriers and benefits of using online CoPs. Four promising research avenues are successively elaborated for the contingency-based theory development of online CoPs and provide grounds for their implementation in educational institutions.
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LIU, JING, i JINGQIN SU. "MARKET ORIENTATION, TECHNOLOGY ORIENTATION AND PRODUCT INNOVATION SUCCESS: INSIGHTS FROM CoPS". International Journal of Innovation Management 18, nr 04 (9.07.2014): 1450020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919614500200.

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This study explores how market orientation and technology orientation within fuzzy front end phases affect product innovation success in complex products and systems (CoPS) industry research and development (R&D) organisations. A sequential qualitative–quantitative mixed method was used with a single case study and a questionnaire survey. The case study results show mix effects of market orientation and technology orientation on CoPS innovation success within fuzzy front end phases. The empirical test results show that a market orientation facilitates both low-tech and high-tech CoPS innovation success and offer great benefits to mainstream customers. A technology orientation is beneficial to high-tech CoPS innovation success but has no impact on low-tech CoPS innovation success. The results have significant implications for CoPS firm strategies to facilitate product innovations and achieve competitive advantages.
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Aljuwaiber, Abobakr. "Communities of practice as an initiative for knowledge sharing in business organisations: a literature review". Journal of Knowledge Management 20, nr 4 (11.07.2016): 731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-12-2015-0494.

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Purpose This paper aims to review the research and to summarise the evidence on communities of practice (CoPs) as a tool for sharing knowledge. It will highlight the related literature from the past two decades by looking at potential barriers, solutions and influential factors regarding CoPs within business organisations. Design/methodology/approach The study consists of a constructed approach to determine the sources for the review that covers relevant literature on the topic of CoPs. Findings This paper provides insights about the important role of CoPs in fostering knowledge-sharing within business organisations. It suggests that the impact of globalisation has encouraged many business firms to intentionally establish CoPs as a vital tool for knowledge management (KM) initiatives. It also appears that the importance of the three organisational factors – top management, structure and culture – lies in their ability to have a direct effect on intentionally established CoPs within business organisations. Research limitations/implications The paper suggests a number of ways in which intentionally established CoPs can be developed within business companies. This paper limited its review to three organisational factors. Investigation of other organisational factors is needed. Originality/value This paper provides a detailed insight into the management literature on CoPs as an initiative for knowledge sharing within business organisations.
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Clarke, Nancy E., Melissa Creighton, Patrick Murray i Asiyeh Sanaei. "Ambush Cops and Robbers". Graphs and Combinatorics 37, nr 6 (28.10.2021): 2439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00373-021-02395-6.

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Dutra, Paulo. "When Them Cops Come". Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 54, nr 1 (2.01.2021): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2021.1904688.

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Tewksbury, Richard, i Allen Copenhaver. "How cops see themselves". International Journal of Police Science & Management 18, nr 4 (28.09.2016): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355716669368.

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This study provides the first assessment of officer self-regard and physical confidence among a sample of state police officers. Specifically, this study aims to identify health and wellness predictors of officer self-regard and physical confidence. Data were collected from surveys of all sworn members of one state police agency. State police officer self-regard is predicted by officers’ work shift, officer exercise, fast food consumption, officer sleep, and officers experiencing depression. No significant predictors of officer physical confidence were identified. This is the only study of health and wellness predictors of officer self-regard and physical confidence. Several health and wellness factors are predictive of officer self-regard, but more research should be conducted to identify health and wellness predictors of officer physical confidence.
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Baker, Stewart A. "Should Spies Be Cops?" Foreign Policy, nr 97 (1994): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1149438.

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Kreis, Thomas E., Martin Lowe i Rainer Pepperkok. "COPs Regulating Membrane Traffic". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 11, nr 1 (listopad 1995): 677–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.003333.

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Kaplan, Jacob, i Aaron Chalfin. "More cops, fewer prisoners?" Criminology & Public Policy 18, nr 1 (luty 2019): 171–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12424.

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Rump, Christopher M. "COPS: Whatcha Gonna Do?" INFORMS Transactions on Education 2, nr 2 (styczeń 2002): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ited.2.2.47.

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White, Michael D. "Identifying Good Cops Early". Police Quarterly 11, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611107309625.

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Hoskins, Ian. "Crims, Crooks And Cops". History Australia 7, nr 3 (styczeń 2010): 62.1–62.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/ha100062.

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Berner, Robert L. "Old Gunfighters, New Cops". Western American Literature 21, nr 2 (1986): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.1986.0052.

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