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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Copper rotor induction moters”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Wu, Wei, Jikai Si, Haichao Feng, Zhiping Cheng, Yihua Hu, and Chun Gan. "Rotor Eddy Current Loss Calculation of a 2DoF Direct-Drive Induction Motor." Energies 12, no. 6 (2019): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061134.

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A two-degree-of-freedom direct-drive induction motor (2DoFDDIM), whose solid rotor is coated with a copper layer, is capable of linear, rotary, and helical motions and has widespread applications. For solid-rotor motors, the calculation and analysis of rotor total eddy current loss (TECL) are crucial in studying the factors causing such a loss and possible loss reduction methods. In this study, a new nonlinear analytical method considering the saturation of the rotor core is proposed to solve the fundamental magnetic field. The new method divides the time period into segments. The magnetic field distribution at any time is obtained using Maxwell equations. The eddy current losses in the copper layer and rotor core caused by the fundamental magnetic field are calculated. The surface eddy current losses in the copper layer and rotor core caused by harmonics are calculated using a 2D analytical method. TECL is determined by the sum of eddy current and surface eddy current losses. Coefficients are utilized to consider eddy, saturation, and end-region effects when calculating the rotor core TECL. The new method is verified using 3D FEM, and the results show the proposed method has higher accuracy than the original method. The errors of the rotor core and copper layer TECLs are less than 6% and 7.3%, respectively.

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Wu, Yucai, Shuqiong Sun, Qingfei An, and Xu Lie. "Treatment Strategy Research on a Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor with Broken Rotor Bar Faults." Sensors 22, no. 12 (2022): 4345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124345.

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Squirrel-cage induction motors are increasingly displaying a broken rotor bar fault, which represents both a technical problem and an economic problem. After confirming that the broken rotor bars do not affect the normal start-up and basic working performance of the squirrel-cage induction motor, this paper focuses on the loss and efficiency changes of the motor brought about by the broken rotor bar fault. Using finite element simulation and experimentation, various losses like stator copper loss, iron loss, rotor copper loss, mechanical loss and additional losses, total loss and efficiency are obtained. By combining price and cost factors, the cost-effective measures that can be taken after the occurrence of different degrees of broken bars are evaluated here to provide guidance for correctly handling this problem.

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Lee, Sang Yul, and Sang Yong Lee. "A Study on the Microstructural Defects in Slots of Thixoformed Copper Rotor." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.300.

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Cu-Ca alloys and the squirrel cage rotors for induction motors of small capacities were used for the development of thixoforming processes. Processing conditions, motor efficiency and forming defects in macro- and microscale for thixoforming of Cu-Ca rotors have been performed to investigate the microstructural features and the filling phenomena in slots of squirrel cage rotor. Inadequate filling due to the complexity of slot structure, separation of solidified metal from the slot, porosities and phase inhomogenitites were typical microstructural defects found in thixoformed Cu-Ca rotors. Exact flow control in terms of billet and die temperatures at slot gate especially, was necessary to prevent significant defects such as incomplete filling of slot.

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Leicht, Aleksander, and Krzysztof Makowski. "Influence of shape and material of rotor bars on performance characteristics of single-phase self-excited induction generators." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 4 (2019): 1235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2018-0430.

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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present an analysis of an influence of shape and material of rotor bars on the process of self-excitation and performance characteristics of single-phase, self-excited induction generator (SP-SEIG). Design/methodology/approach The presented analysis is based on the results of transient simulations of SP-SEIG performed with the use of field-circuit model of the machine. Four various shapes of the rotor bars and two different conductor materials were investigated. The results for the base model with rounded trapezoidal rotor slots were validated by measurements. Findings An improvement of the performance characteristics – the extension of the stable operating range of the generator – was obtained for rectangular copper rotor bars. The improvement is the result of strong skin effect in the squirrel rotor cage. Application of round rotor slots results in shorter time of voltage build-up during the self-excitation of the generator caused by less apparent deep bar effect in round bars. Originality/value The originality of the paper is the application of the copper rotor cage in the single-phase, self-excited induction generator. Its use is beneficial, as it allows for extension of the range of stable operating range. The results may be used for designing new constructions of the single-phase, self-excited induction generators, as well as the constructions based on general purpose single-phase induction motors.

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Viego Felipe, Percy R., Vladimir Sousa Santos, Julio R. Gómez Sarduy, José P. Monteagudo Yanes, and Enrique Ciro Quispe. "Induction motors with copper rotor: a new opportunity for increasing motor efficiency." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2409-2418.

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The copper rotor induction motor (CURIM) was recently introduced because it has lower rotor fusion losses than the aluminum rotor (ALRIM). Furthermore, with CURIM, it is easier to reach IE4 and IE5 efficiency levels. The CURIM is advantageous for compact motors, escalators, and electric vehicle applications. However, CURIMs present slip, power factor, temperature increase, and torque decrease problems that must be analyzed. This study compared the economic feasibility of using CURIM with ALRIM by applying discount techniques. A case study was carried out in a sugar company with a cyclical operation, where 5.5 kW motors will be installed in the intermediate conductors of the mill's feeders. The facility works three shifts between 3 and 6 months. The cost increase (DCI) of CURIM over ALRIM was between 1.1 and 1.5 times. With 3,600 h/year and 4,000 h/year of operation, the DCI greater than 10%, it was found that the payback is more than four years, and the net present value (NPV) grows linearly.

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Bernatt, Jakub, Stanisław Gawron, Tadeusz Glinka, and Artur Polak. "Traction induction motor." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818004005.

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The paper presents a traction induction motor with an innovative rotor winding design. The winding of the rotor is almost identical to the armature winding in the dc traction motors, with the exception of commutator. Winding is double layered. The bars are insulated. Along the iron core bars are secured with wedges and in the winding outhang with bandages. The bars of the bottom layer in the winding outhang part near the iron core are bent radially in the direction of the shaft axis. On the winding outhang of the bottom layer an inner bandage is applied. On the winding outhang of the top layer an outer bandage is applied. All the ends of the bottom and top layers bars, on both sides of the rotor’s core, are connected together by ferrule. There is a ring placed on the shaft or on the coil support on one side of the rotor’s core. It is best if this ring is made of copper. The ring is characterized by mp tongues, which are distributed evenly along its circumference (p is number of winding pole pairs and m is number of rotor winding phases). Tongues are connected to equally uniformly placed ferrules. Bandages are made of carbon fibre or glass fibre tape.

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Lee, Sang Yul, and Sang Yong Lee. "Filling and Solidification Characteristics during Thixoforming of Copper Rotor for the Electrical Motors." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.652.

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Filling and solidification phenomena during thixoforming of copper rotor for small sized induction motors have been analyzed and characterized by experiment and computer simulation. Forming defects in slots of thixoformed rotor were examined by microstructural observation. Most filling and solidification failures were mainly related to complexity in slurry flows through slots in rotor core. Computer simulation with single slot model showed the effects of die temperature and ram speed on the filling characteristics clearly. Simulations with flow guide model showed that the control of filling velocity of slurry at slot and the consideration of possible differences in flow velocity in each slot are important.

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DEKHANDJI, Fatma Zohra, and Hamid BENTARZI. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Supply Voltage Unbalance Effects on Squirrel Cage Induction Motors." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 4, no. 2 (2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v4i2.82.

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Voltage unbalance is one of the power quality problems causing a lot of ill effects on induction motors. These are namely: Overheating, line-current unbalance, derating, torque pulsation, and inefficiency. The objective of the present work is to assess and quantify the effects of voltage unbalance on induction motors using both theory and experimentation. The analytical study is performed using the complex voltage unbalance factor model of this problem. The work deals specifically with the influence of the variations in the complex angle of the voltage unbalance factor on the stator and rotor currents, stator and rotor copper losses and total losses. The experimental investigation is carried out using an apparatus that measures currents, torque and power losses.

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Maestre-Cambronel, Daniel, Jhan Piero Rojas, and Jorge Duarte-Forero. "EVALUATION OF FAULTS IN THE SQUIRREL CAGE THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS." Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín 21, no. 40 (2021): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22395/rium.v21n40a8.

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Induction motors have played a central role in the techno-economic development of modern industries and electric power generation. However, the presence of recurring failures hinders a cost-effective performance and leads to catastrophic damage. Therefore, the present study proposed an assessment to investigate the influence of two types of failures in induction motors, namely failure due to broken bars in the rotor and defects in the connection between the rotor bars and the end ring. Accordingly, a three-phase induction motor was evaluated under different failure conditions that modified the operational torque and rotational speed. The results indicated that both types of failures magnify both the core and copper power losses by up to 13.3 % and 8 %, respectively, compared to the healthy condition. On the other hand, an efficiency reductionbetween 1.94 % to 3.41 % is an indication of failure progression. Finally, the appearance of harmonics 3 and 7, and the intensified magnitude of harmonic 5, represent a clear sign of failure occurrence related to rotor barsand defects in the connection to the end ring. In conclusion, the proposed methodology proved to be an adequate tool to predict failure appearance, which has a direct impact on extending the lifetime of induction motors.

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Ocak, Cemil. "A FEM-Based Comparative Study of the Effect of Rotor Bar Designs on the Performance of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 6047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16166047.

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Induction motors (IM) are the most frequently used type of motor in the industry. The number of rotor slots, bar geometry, and conductivity of bar material have a strong impact on the torque profile and efficiency characteristics of induction motors. This study focused on investigating the effect of different rotor bar designs on motor performance by the finite element method (FEM). The IMs have been designed using the same stator core, winding, and core lengths. The total rotor bar cross-section areas are also fixed throughout all designs. In addition to the change in the number of rotor bars and geometry, the effect of copper and aluminum bar materials on motor performance was also investigated, both for single and double-layered squirrel-cage structures. The results of the study indicate that the starting torque of the motor in a 36/30-slot aluminum single-cage structure was obtained as 96.26 Nm, while the starting torque of a 36/46-slot aluminum double-cage structure was found to be 115.34 Nm. It is also found that the starting torque of the initial design can be increased by up to 19.82% by changing only the rotor bar numbers and material with the same stator and rotor size. The efficiency of the motors was determined as 86.6% for both designs. In addition to efficiency, the output torque ripple has been decreased to 2.63, which equals a 67.32% decrease in the ripple of the initial design. The improved design has an approximately 8 °C lower T2 due to better cooling performance as a result of a higher number of rotor slots.

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Tikana, L., F. Nuno, T. Jezdinsky, and M. Gonzalez. "Design and material based Sustainable Mobility – Copper vs. REE." E3S Web of Conferences 349 (2022): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234902001.

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Carbon neutrality by 2050 is one of the greatest challenges of our society. Hence, the electrification of the mobility sector belongs to those to focus on, due to their high carbon intensity, when based on combustion engines. Therefore, electrification of power train is seen as a solution. Different alternative concepts with different materials exist to achieve the above-mentioned goal of decarbonisation of mobility. To provide a good basis for decision making in the automotive industry to support their sustainability goals for electric vehicles, the environmental impacts related to the manufacturing process of different types of electric motors (induction machines with copper rotor and also ferrite assisted and pure synchronous reluctance machines) in the typical power range of electric vehicles (75 kW and 200 kW) have been assessed. The work was carried out within the European Commission (EC) funded REFREEDRIVE (RFD) project (REFREEDRIVE – Rare Earth Free e-drives featuring low cost manufacturing). This paper intends to give some key facts which help answer some of the questions raised by stakeholders on sustainability, while comparing different concepts, the Induction Motors (IM) and the Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRel), both in different configurations.

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Torrent, Marcel. "Recycling Potential in the European Union (EU) of Low Voltage Three-Phase Induction Motors Up to 75 kW of Power: Quantitative Analysis." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 04, no. 02 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2302032.

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This article quantifies the recycling potential of the metallic materials that make up three-phase induction motors. The data on the use of electric motors by type and power determines that the most significant recycling potential lies in this low-voltage motor which powers up to 75 kW. The work aims to show the possibility of such recycling in the European Union (EU). The metals used to make the various parts of the induction motor and the main recycling methods that allow their reuse are listed. It evaluates which part of the motor can apply these recycling methods relatively easily (stator) and which part is more complex (rotor). A calculation process is used to exhaustively quantify the metals that incorporate different motors selected for other powers to determine the amounts of material that can be recycled and reused to manufacture new equipment. The recycling potential is quantifies by parts (stator and rotor) employing approximate equations obtained from the study and by materials (copper, aluminum, magnetic sheet, steel). The data calculated, the economic volume, the possibilities of energy-saving, and the environmental advantages of dedicating efforts and resources for collecting, recycling, and reusing the materials in three-phase induction motors for industrial applications show. The withdrawal of electric motors in industrial applications, due to causes related to the restructuring of production processes, manufacturing systems, breakdowns, or directly due to aging, generates considerable possibilities of reusing the metals used in their manufacture.

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Dalcali, Adem, and Mehmet Akbaba. "Performance Optimisation of Single-Phase Variable Reluctance Shaded-Pole Motor." Tehnički glasnik 16, no. 4 (2022): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20220329131808.

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Shaded pole induction motors’ theoretical analysis is quite difficult because of the presence of strong harmonic components and the elliptical rotating field. The change of air gap reluctance is affecting the air gap flux distribution and thus the performance of the motor. In the study, the effect of the change in the SPIM’s stator, rotor and squirrel cage on the performance of the motor is analysed by the Finite Element Method. The flux distributions and torque values of the closed-interpoles type and the stator with different interpoles clearances are obtained. The effects of single and double cage structures in the rotor part and the effects of copper and aluminium cage materials in the squirrel cage were analysed. According to the analyses, it was determined that the single cage motor with aluminium cage material exhibited the best torque performance with a torque value of 132.78 mNm.

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Le, Phuong Minh, Dung Duc Le, Thuyen Viet Nguyen, and Phong Hoai Nguyen. "Real-time loss minimization control in induction machines based on DSP TMS320LF2812." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 4 (2013): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i4.1580.

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This paper presents a DSP based implementation of simple and very useful control algorithm for the real-time efficiency optimization of the indirect vectorcontrolled induction motor drives. Conventional field-oriented induction motor drives operate at rated flux even at low load. To improve the efficiency of the existing induction motors, it is important to regulate the magnetization flux of the motor in the desired operating range. This paper presents techniques for minimizing power loss (the copper and core losses) of induction motor based on determination of an optimum flux level for the efficiency optimization of the vector-controlled induction motor drive. An induction motor (IM) model in d-q coordinates is referenced to the rotor magnetizing current. Thus the decomposition into d-q components in the steady-state motor model can be utilized in deriving the motor loss model. The algorithm offers a fast convergence. The complete closed loop vector control of the proposed LMC-based IM drive is successfully implemented in real-time using digital signal processor DSP TMS320LF2812 for 1HP motor induction motor. The close agreement between the simulation by Matlab/Simulink and the experimental results confirms the validity and usefulness of the proposed techniques. The proposed LMC in a comparison with conventional FOC can reduce total losses from 5% to 67.2% for all load ranges.

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Xu, Yixiang, Xiaohua Bao, Wei Xu, Jinlong Fang, and Tao Hong. "A Method for Improving Power Factor in Inverter-Fed Induction Motors by the Use of Rotor Convex Copper Bars." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 4 (2020): 3636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2988843.

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Ai, Chengliu, Christopher H. T. Lee, James L. Kirtley, Yuanfeng Huang, Haifeng Wang, and Zhiwei Zhang. "A Hybrid Methodology for Analyzing the Performance of Induction Motors with Efficiency Improvement by Specific Commercial Measures." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234497.

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This paper presents a hybrid methodology to analyze the commercial measures of changing stator windings and adjusting air gap length to upgrade efficiency of typical three-phase direct-on-line induction motors with die-cast copper rotor (DCR). The calculation is carried out through combining the time-stepping and time-harmonic finite element analysis (FEA) and the circuit equivalent circuit model. Typical full-load performance of stator windings with different air gap lengths are computed by MATLAB invoking the 2D transient and eddy current field analysis in ANSYS/MAXWELL. Then, MATLAB scripts about post-processing of the FEA results are used to obtain the full-load running performance including the loss distribution and circulating current. The MATLAB scripts of circuit model built based on the FEA results is used to compare the overload and starting performance. After that, four stators with the four windings and three DCRs with different air gap of an 11 kW motor are fabricated and tested to validate the calculations. By comparing results from both calculations and measurements, it is shown that the factors of stator windings and air gap length can effectively improve the efficiency of the 11 kW DCR induction motor without the addition of extra materials. The motor with the 11/12 pitch Y-Δ series winding and 0.6 mm air gap has the best performance, in terms of efficiency, overloading capability and starting performance. Its efficiency can increase from 90% to the highest 92.35% by sole adjustment of stator winding and air gap length.

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Finley, W. R., and M. M. Hodowanec. "Selection of copper versus aluminum rotors for induction motors." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 37, no. 6 (2001): 1563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.968162.

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Rathod, Pavan, and K. B. Ramesh. "Induction Motor Parameter Estimation Using Harmony Search Algorithm." Journal of Communication Engineering and its Innovations 8, no. 2 (2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jocei.2022.v08i02.003.

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This study uses the Harmony Search Algorithm to carry out induction motor parameter estimation (HSA). In order to maximize the starting torque and minimize copper losses in the stator and rotor, the parameters rotor resistance R2 and rotor reactance X2 are determined. For parameter estimation of an induction motor, both conventional and intelligent methods are being examined. It is then subjected to the harmony search algorithm to obtain maximum beginning torque and efficiency, respectively.

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Stephen Ejiofor, Oti, Ugwu Justin, Nnadi Damian Benneth, and Ogbuefi Uche. "Development and thermal modeling of an induction machine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (2019): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.29727.

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In induction machines, the major concern is the temperature rise since it determines the maximum loading, in an attempt to avoid insula-tion deterioration and eventual loss of motor life. The effect of excessive heat in the motor stator and rotor windings and the stator mag-netic circuit can degrade the developed performance of the machine and also affect the motor loading and life span if not dispensed properly. This research work examines the thermal model for estimating the stator and rotor temperatures in cage induction motor. A state-variable model of the induction is used. The twin-axis stator reference frame is used to model the motor’s electrical behavior, because physical measurements are made in this reference frame. The thermal model is derived by considering the power dissipation, heat transfer and rate of temperature rise in the stator and rotor. The non-linear equations for electrical behavior of the motor and the thermal state equations for the stator and the rotor are solved using the MATLAB/Simulink blocks. This is to give room for the determination of the temperature of the stator and rotor windings inside the induction machine so as to evaluate the thermal stability of the induction motor and to check whether the insulation of the copper windings is sufficient at different operating conditions. It was found out from the thermal model analysis that the temperature of the stator and rotor windings increases due to stator and rotor copper losses which depend on the stator current. As the stator current is increased by increasing the torque, the temperature of each element is consequentially made to increase.

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Yahya, Yanawati, and Mohd Khairil Rahmat. "Induction motor rotor bars type effects towards energy efficiency, economic and environment." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1188-1196.

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Nowadays, the rotating motor is the most demoralized machine for the global Motor industry. Comfort of practice, start-up, small, weightiness, Increased efficiency, low maintenance and inexpensive for each power rating that generally meets the necessary features for industries. Efficient improvements are inspected with copper for the rotor bars slot. Usually, the copper loss in the induction motor Rotor division contributes to the loss of energy. The research work was planned a new rotor design, by improved rotor bars type slot, size and design. These tasks were inspected using two approaches, in particular, MotorSolve (IM) and calculations in theory. One set of simulation has shown a significant increase in energy efficiency for a new rotor frame design. Calculations in theory are used MATLAB. As a result, these new designs have improved energy efficiency by 77% as compared to its 74% existing design. The results proved to be using MATLAB. For energy, cost savings and emission reduction (ER), new design rotor frame has been saved 154KWH/year, utility bill RM 60.20/Year and 0.113 CO2 tons/years intended for individually motor. Finally, the estimated cost aimed at 100,000 pieces of new rotor bars pattern induction motor and indicates this price was kept almost RM6 million.

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Kaliyavarathan, Sathishkumar, and Sivakumaran T.S. "Design and performance analysis of novel multiphase induction motor with die-cast copper rotors using FEA for electric propulsion vehicles applications." Circuit World 46, no. 4 (2020): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-08-2019-0106.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the development of novel multiphase induction motor (MPIM) with copper die cast rotor in the drive system of electric propulsion vehicles (EPV). It is estimated that the manufacturers are concerned about high torque,Efficiency, motor life, energy conservation and high thermal tolerance. To ensure maximum torque and efficiency with multiphase winding and copper die cast technology to increasing high thermal tolerance, life, energy conversations. On other hand, it is very important of EPV application. Design/methodology/approach The focus of the investigation is threefold: the modified method carried out on MPIM both stator and rotor can overcome the current scenario problem facing by electric vehicles manufacture and developed perfect suitable electric motor for EPV applications. The design and simulation carried out finite element method (FEM) that was more accurate calculations. Finally developed prototype model of MPIM with copper die cast are discussed with conventional three phase Die casting Induction motor. Findings The paper confirmed the multiphase copper die-cast rotor induction motor (MDCrIM) is providing better performance than conventional motor. Proposed motor can bring additional advantage like heat tolerances, long life and energy conversations. Originality/value The experiments confirmed the MDCIM suitable for EPV Applications. The modified MDCIM of both stator and rotor are giving better result and good performance compared to conventional method.

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Zhang, Fengyu, David Gerada, Zeyuan Xu, et al. "Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines." Electronics 11, no. 2 (2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020210.

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The laminated rotor Induction Machine (IM), with its simple construction and manufacturing, robustness, ease of control and comparatively lower cost remains by far the most utilized electromechanical energy converter. At very high speeds, traditionally its use is considered to be limited to the previously established operational limits of 2.5 × 105 rpm√kW, beyond which the surface Permanent Magnet (PM) Machine and the solid rotor Induction Machine become the machines available for consideration. The aforesaid limits are derived from the use of classic materials. This paper reviews the recent developments in electrical steels and copper alloys and translates these into the resulting performance entitlement and operational limits through a case study involving a marine application, for which an existing rare-earth PM machine is in use. It is concluded that with novel materials, laminated rotor induction machines can be operated up to 6 × 105 rpm√kW, thus opening the use of the rare-earth free Induction Machine for a wider application range previously limited to PM machines.

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Feng, Haichao, Jikai Si, Wei Wu, Lianghui Dong, and Zhiping Cheng. "Equivalent Circuit Parameter Calculations and Characteristics Analysis of 2-DoF Direct Drive Induction Motor with a Slotted Solid Rotor." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112191.

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In this paper, a modified equivalent circuit model (ECM), which considers the effects of an arc-shaped stator structure and saturation, is presented to calculate the characteristics of a two-degree-of-freedom direct drive induction motor (2DoFDDIM). The motor has a novel slotted solid rotor (SSR), which is slotted along the axial and circumferential directions, and copper is cast in the slots. The SSR is equivalent to a cage rotor by analyzing the current distribution using the circuit diagram. The corrected ECM parameter expressions of a cage rotor are proposed to calculate the SSR parameters. The characteristics obtained by ECM and finite element method are compared to verify the accuracy of the modified ECM. This paper provides reference for calculating the parameters of the induction motor with SSR.

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Daut, Ismail, Nair Gomesh, M. Ezanni, et al. "Modelling of 0.5HP Induction Motor using AC Analysis Solver for Rotor Copper Bar material." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 1, no. 5 (2011): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.1.5.96.

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Hafiz, K., G. Nanda, and N. C. Kar. "Performance Analysis of Aluminum- and Copper-Rotor Induction Generators Considering Skin and Thermal Effects." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 57, no. 1 (2010): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2034177.

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Selvaraj, D. Edison, R. Vijayraj, M. Raj Kumar та ін. "Estimation of Losses on 3Φ Nano Coated Induction Motor". Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (жовтень 2014): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.213.

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In this recent decades, there was a significant growth in the applications of nano technology in the field of electrical and electronics engineering. In this research paper, the estimation of the different types of losses on a normal and nano coated three phase induction motor was done and hence the results were compared with each other. From these researches, it found that the mechanical losses were reduced by 33.33% in the motor after nano coating whereas stator iron losses were reduced by 13.8%. Stator losses were reduced up to 16.7% by coating the windings of the motor with the enamel filled with nano fillers of SiO2 and Al2O3 whereas rotor copper losses were high in the nano coated motor. The output mechanical power developed by the normal motor was increased by 39% with the application of the nano fillers to the enamel used for the coatings of the windings of the motor whereas the gross rotor torque was improved by 42%. The power factor of the motor was also improved by nano coating by 15.5%.

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Hafiz, Khurshid, Gaurav Nanda, and Narayan C. Kar. "Comparative performance analysis of aluminum‐ and copper‐rotor induction generators in standalone wind power application." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 29, no. 5 (2010): 1309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321641011061515.

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Doddamani, Vijaykumar H., K. H. Raveesha, B. K. Prasad, and Ruchita Kumari. "On a Technique to Relate EMF & Rate of Change of Magnetic Flux." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 44 (January 2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.44.50.

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Faradays law of Induction is the principle of generating electricity in Hydro, Thermal, Wind and Nuclear power stations. In this paper we present a method to study the relationship between induced electromagnetic force (EMF) and the rate of change of Magnetic field and hence to verify this principle. This method involves the rotation of a magnet fixed to a rotor at different angular speeds and to find the EMF induced in the copper coil kept close to the rotor. The data collected is plotted in MATLAB. The results show that Induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate change of Magnetic flux with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.

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Doddamani, Vijaykumar H., K. H. Raveesha, B. K. Prasad, and Ruchita Kumari. "On a Technique to Relate EMF & Rate of Change of Magnetic Flux." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 44 (January 14, 2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-2f586o.

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Park, Hyun-Jong, Hyeon-Bin Hong, and Ki-Doek Lee. "A Study on a Design Considering the Transient State of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Satisfying the Requirements of the IE4 Efficiency Class." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249644.

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In this paper, the transient state analysis of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LSPMSM) and the optimum design for high efficiency were studied. In the case of an LSPMSM, aluminum bars and permanent magnets are inserted in the rotor. Since it has aluminum bars, it can be directly started on-line without closed-loop control at the time of starting, like an induction motor. Furthermore, once driven, it rotates at a synchronous speed due to the permanent magnets in the steady state. Theoretically, since the rotor bars have no induced current, copper loss does not occur in the rotor bars. Further, because of the inserted permanent magnets, an LSPMSM has a higher power density than an induction motor with the same output power. However, since it is driven directly on-line, the transient state is longer than that of a synchronous motor driven by an inverter. Therefore, it is important to analyze the characteristics of the transient state depending on the rotor shape in the LSPMSM design. In this study, an LSPMSM that has the same outer diameter of a 7.5 kW IE3 efficiency class induction motor currently used for the industry was designed. The optimal design of the motor was designed using Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) and Design of Experiment (D.O.E). In the design process, the velocity ripple was minimized in the transient state, and the steady state was quickly reached. Finally, the efficiency of the motor satisfies the requirements of the IE4 efficiency class, an efficiency standard described in IEC 60034-30, which is an international standard.

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Lin, Chih-Hong. "A Rectified Reiterative Sieved-Pollaczek Polynomials Neural Network Backstepping Control with Improved Fish School Search for Motor Drive System." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (2020): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101699.

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As the six-phase squirrel cage copper rotor induction motor has some nonlinear characteristics, such as nonlinear friction, nonsymmetric torque, wind stray torque, external load torque, and time-varying uncertainties, better control performances cannot be achieved by utilizing general linear controllers. The snug backstepping control with sliding switching function for controlling the motion of a six-phase squirrel cage copper rotor induction motor drive system is proposed to reduce nonlinear uncertainty effects. However, the previously proposed control results in high chattering on nonlinear system effects and overtorque on matched uncertainties. So as to reduce the immense chattering situation, we then put forward the rectified reiterative sieved-Pollaczek polynomials neural network backstepping control with an improved fish school search method to estimate the external bundled torque uncertainties and to recoup the smallest reorganized error of the evaluated rule. In the light of Lyapunov stability, the online parametric training method of the rectified reiterative sieved-Pollaczek polynomials neural network can be derived by utilizing an adaptive rule. Moreover, to improve convergence and obtain beneficial learning manifestation, the improved fish school search algorithm is made use of to readjust two fickle learning rates of the weights in the rectified reiterative sieved-Pollaczek polynomials neural network. Lastly, the effectuality of the proposed control system is validated by examination results.

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Chen, Shaofeng, Yaofei Han, Zhixun Ma, Guozhen Chen, Shuai Xu, and Jikai Si. "Influence Analysis of Structural Parameters on the Performance of 120° Phase Belts Toroidal Winding Solid Rotor Induction Motor." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205387.

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120° phase belt toroidal winding solid rotor induction motor (120°PBTWSRIM) has advantages of simple structure, short end winding, and high overload capacity, thus it has good development prospects. To study the influence of different structural parameters on 120°PBTWSRIM performance, the 2D finite element model is established, and the electromagnetic characteristics are analyzed. The influence of six structure parameters on the average output torque, power factor, and torque ripple are analyzed, which are slot opening width, slot opening height, slot width, slot height, slot radius, and copper layer thickness. It is found that copper layer thickness has a significant effect on the performance of 120°PBTWSRIM. When the copper layer thickness is 0.5 mm, locked average output torque is increased to 2.784 Nm, locked power factor is increased by 64.6%, and locked torque ripple is reduced by 79.7%. Finally, a prototype of 120°PBTWSRIM is built and experimented, the correctness of performance influence analysis is verified by the comparison of results of the simulation and the experiment.

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Lin, Chih-Hong, and Chang-Chou Hwang. "Multiobjective Optimization Design for a Six-Phase Copper Rotor Induction Motor Mounted With a Scroll Compressor." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 52, no. 7 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2016.2517665.

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Bobba, Phaneendra Babu, G. Sandhya Rani, and Burra Sujan Goud. "A Comparative Study on Conventional and Superconducting Electrical Machines." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101211.

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This paper investigates the potential benefits of utilizing superconducting materials in machines. The project focuses on replacing the conventional copper windings with superconducting materials in a machine. The machine is modelled and simulated using ANSYS software, both with conventional copper windings and with superconducting windings. A 3.7kw and 11kw 3 phase Induction machines are simulated with YBCO material applied to stator and rotor windings. The results show that the use of superconducting materials in the machine windings can significantly reduce energy losses and improve machine efficiency by 1 to 10%. Overall, the study suggests that superconducting machines offer a promising avenue for improving energy efficiency and reducing operating costs.

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O'Sullivan, Eugene J. "(Invited) Electrochemistry: Adventures in Metallization." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 30 (2022): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02301081mtgabs.

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Microelectronics has benefited enormously from electrochemistry, particularly in metallization. Metallizing through-holes in multilevel printed circuit boards was a major, successful application of electroless Cu (1). Electroless Co-based magnetic films deposited on non-magnetic electroless nickel films on rigid aluminum disks propelled the magnetic storage industry for years. A decade or more ago, it looked as if electroless Co(W)(P) was the ideal candidate to replace PVD Ta-based liners for CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) builds (2). Its cost undid it, however, despite meeting selectivity, diffusion barrier and reliability requirements. Electrolytic Cu has been an outstanding success for CMOS BEOL interconnect metallization, mostly because of its submicron feature superfilling ability (3). Following such success, electrolytic and electroless deposition methods have never been far from microelectronics researchers’ interest. In this talk, I will describe examples of electrochemical metallization in chip level, power conversion and MEMS areas that I have worked on. MRAM Final Interconnect Level Capping We recently developed a maskless, electroless, high-P-content, Ni(P) capping process for the final Cu bitline wiring level in our STTM MRAM 200 mm wafer test vehicles. This replaced a two litho mask, final aluminum metal interconnect level, drastically shortening process time. This novel protective layer enables functional testing of MRAM device memory state retention in an air atmosphere at elevated temperatures (4). The Ni(P)-coated wafers show virtually unchanged device resistance and magnetoresistance (MR) for MRAM 4Kb arrays. Magnetic Inductor Fabrication Magnetic inductors are increasing in importance in the ongoing development of integrated, on-chip power conversion. The latter is critical for realizing the dream of granular, DC-DC power delivery using dedicated voltage regulators (VR). Traditionally, the large size of the inductor component has impeded efforts to fabricate the VR in one module. We explored potentially manufacturable processes for magnetic-core inductors with enhanced inductance using through-mask electrodeposited Ni45Fe55 (Fig. 1) (5) and electroless Co(W)(P) layers (6). Electroless Co(W)(P) yoke material performed best overall, showing excellent magnetic properties, good magnetic anisotropy and coercivity of less than 0.1 Oe (6). The resistivity of the Co(W)(P) material was about 90-100 µΩcm; a value of 100 µΩcm is desired to limit yoke eddy current loss at high frequencies. Device scaling has finally brought magnetic inductor fabrication within reach of BEOL CMOS fabs. Magnetic Minimotor Fabrication High-aspect-ratio optical or X-ray lithography (LIGA) and electrodeposition processes were used to fabricate variable-reluctance, nearly planar, integrated minimotors with 6-mm-diameter rotors on silicon wafers (7). The motors comprised six electrodeposited Ni81Fe19 (Permalloy) horseshoe-shaped cores that surrounded the rotor. We formed copper coils around each core. LIGA processing provided vertical wall profiles, which were important for the rotor and stator core pole tips (see stator pole tip, feature D, in Fig. 2). We fabricated the rotors separately and slipped them onto the shaft after releasing them from the substrate wafer. Shaft fabrication via electrodeposition occurred as part of the stator fabrication process. The LIGA fabricated minimotor (100 μm thick Permalloy core with 40 μm thick rotor) represented the successful integration of aligned X-ray exposures and planarizing dielectric into a MEMS fabrication process, producing a working, five-layer magnetic motor. I will show some minimotor operational data. [1]. See papers in IBM J. Res. Develop., 28(6) (1984), available online. [2]. See, e.g., Y. Shacham-Diamand et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 148 (2001) C162. [3]. P. C. Andricacos et al., IBM J. Res. Develop., 42, 567 (1998). [4]. E. J. O'Sullivan et al., 2019 Meet. Abstr. MA2019-02 916; doi: 10.1149/MA2019-02/15/916. [5]. E. J. O'Sullivan et al., ECS Transactions 50(10):93-105, doi: 10.1149/05010.0093ecst. [6]. N. Wang et al., MMM-Intermag, paper HG-11, 2013. [7]. E. J. O'Sullivan et al., IBM J. of Res. Develop., 42, 681 (1998). Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the staff of the Microelectronics Research Laboratory (MRL) at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, where some of the fabrication work described in this talk was carried out. Figure 1

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Zhang, Qian, Huijuan Liu, Zhenyang Zhang, and Tengfei Song. "A cast copper rotor induction motor for small commercial EV traction: Electromagnetic design, analysis, and experimental tests." CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2, no. 4 (2018): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30941/cestems.2018.00053.

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Huo, F. Y., W. L. Li, H. Chi, J. C. Han, J. F. Shen, and B. R. Zhao. "Influence of copper content change in alloy material on performance of induction motor with compound cage rotor." Materials Research Innovations 19, sup1 (2015): S1–75—S1–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1432891715z.0000000001372.

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Sillanpää, Teemu, Alexander Smirnov, Pekko Jaatinen, et al. "Three-Axis Inductive Displacement Sensor Using Phase-Sensitive Digital Signal Processing for Industrial Magnetic Bearing Applications." Actuators 10, no. 6 (2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060115.

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Non-contact rotor position sensors are an essential part of control systems in magnetically suspended high-speed drives. In typical active magnetic bearing (AMB) levitated high-speed machine applications, the displacement of the rotor in the mechanical air gap is measured with commercially available eddy current-based displacement sensors. The aim of this paper is to propose a robust and compact three-dimensional position sensor that can measure the rotor displacement of an AMB system in both the radial and axial directions. The paper presents a sensor design utilizing only a single unified sensor stator and a single shared rotor mounted target piece surface to achieve the measurement of all three measurement axes. The sensor uses an inductive measuring principle to sense the air gap between the sensor stator and rotor piece, which makes it robust to surface variations of the sensing target. Combined with the sensor design, a state of the art fully digital signal processing chain utilizing synchronous in-phase and quadrature demodulation is presented. The feasibility of the proposed sensor design is verified in a closed-loop control application utilizing a 350-kW, 15,000-r/min high-speed industrial induction machine with magnetic bearing suspension. The inductive sensor provides an alternative solution to commercial eddy current displacement sensors. It meets the application requirements and has a robust construction utilizing conventional electrical steel lamination stacks and copper winding.

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Lin, Chih-Hong. "Blend modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial neural network control for six-phase copper rotor induction motor servo-driven continuously variable transmission system using amended artificial bee colony optimization." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 39, no. 6 (2016): 921–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331215625765.

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Because the non-linear and time-varying characteristics of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) system driven by using a six-phase copper rotor induction motor (IM) are unknown, improving the control performance of the linear control design is time consuming. To overcome difficulties in the design of a linear controller for the six-phase copper rotor IM servo-driven CVT system with lumped non-linear load disturbances, a blend modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial neural network (NN) control system, which has the online learning capability to return to the non-linear time-varying system, was developed. The blend modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial NN control system can perform overseer control, modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial NN control and recompensed control. Moreover, the adaptation law of online parameters in the modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial NN is based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. The use of amended artificial bee colony optimization (ABCO) yielded two optimal learning rates for the parameters, which helped improve convergence. Finally, comparison of the experimental results of the present study with those of previous studies demonstrated the high control performance of the proposed control scheme.

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Lin, Chih-Hong. "Altered Grey Wolf Optimization and Taguchi Method with FEA for Six-Phase Copper Squirrel Cage Rotor Induction Motor Design." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092282.

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This paper presents an altered grey wolf optimization, the Taguchi method, and finite element analysis (FEA) with two-phase multi-objective optimization for the design of a six-phase copper squirrel cage rotor induction motor (SCSCRIM). The multi-objective optimization design with high-performance property aims to achieve lower starting current, lower losses, lower input power, higher efficiency, higher output torque, and higher power factor. The multi-objective optimization design with high-performance property using the altered grey wolf optimization, the Taguchi method, and FEA in the first-phase program is used for minimizing the starting current, stator iron loss, stator copper loss, and input power. The multi-objective optimization design with high-performance property using the altered grey wolf optimization, the Taguchi method, and FEA in the second-phase program is used for maximizing the efficiency, output torque, and power factor. Finally, the proposed skill with higher performances is evaluated and verified via a two-phase program design and some performance tests.

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Zhang, Jun, and Xue Fan Wang. "Investigation of Output Power and Efficiency of Wound-Rotor Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1604.

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Brushless Doubly-fed Machine (BDFM) is a new type of the induction machine, which has wide application in the fields of variable-speed generator and drive systems. The key factor affecting its performance is the rotor structure. In this paper, taking wound-rotor BDFM for instance, firstly, according to the relationship between the equivalent circuit parameters of the BDFM, the core equivalent circuit model of the BDFM has been derived. Secondly, based on the core equivalent circuit model and the constraints of electromagnetic load, the power distribution between the power and control windings and the constraint condition of maximum output of active power has been obtained. Thirdly, according to the simplified model of the equivalent circuit, the copper loss and the relationship between the output power and efficiency of the machine have been investigated. Finally, the anlysis results are verified by the experimental data.

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Kachan, O., and S. Ulanov. "Features of the process of hot extrusion of blanks of the rotor blades of a GTE compressor." Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, no. 1 (September 14, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2021-2-7.

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Purpose. Improving the quality of manufacturing of blanks for compressor rotor blades by hot extrusion. Research methods and equipment. The research was carried out using a crank press with a force of 1000 kN, in split dies in accordance with a serial technological process. The dies were heated up to 150 ... 200 °С, to improve the work when extruding the blanks of the rotor blades made from the titanium alloy ВT8. The thickness of the copper coating was measured with an ИTMП-3 magnetic induction device with an error of ± 2 μm. X-ray spectral microanalysis was performed on an ISM-6360ALA scanning microscope. The billets were heated in an MП-2В furnace. Results. It has been established that the quality of blade blanks made of ВT8 titanium alloy obtained by hot extrusion is influenced by the state of the copper coating, which is preliminarily applied to the surface of the original blank. When the initial blanks are heated, copper is oxidized and in the temperature range of 250…700 °С the oxidation rate proceeds according to a linear pattern, and after 700…750 °С – according to a parabolic pattern. Oxidation of the copper coating occurs unevenly not only within one workpiece, but also within the batch, which leads to a decrease in durability and deterioration of the surface quality of the blade workpieces obtained by hot extrusion. Research carried out by X-ray spectral microanalysis of the copper coating revealed the presence of aluminum oxides of varying degrees of dispersion. The source of this material in the copper coating is caricature of corundum used in blowing into the surface of the billet, which is the reason for the appearance of scoring on the blade blank. It was also found that longitudinal marks on the blade are a consequence of the appearance of a matrix of tubercles (sagging) on the working surface of the die, caused by the adhesion of the deformable material of the blade to the base metal of the tool. Scientific novelty. The regularity of the influence of the heating temperature of the initial blank of the blade on the oxidation rate of the copper coating has been established. The mechanism of the influence of the oxidation of the copper coating and the adhesion of contacting materials during hot extrusion on the surface condition of the resulting blanks is disclosed. Practical value. The results obtained make it possible to improve the quality of the manufactured blanks of the compressor rotor blades by hot extrusion.

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Umair, Muhammad, Faisal Khan, and Wasiq Ullah. "Stress and coupled electromagnetic-thermal analysis of field excited flux switching machine." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 6 (2020): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-04-2020-0141.

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Purpose Field excited flux switching machines (FEFSM) are preferred over induction and synchronous machines due to the confinement of all excitation sources on the stator leaving a robust rotor. This paper aims to perform coupled electromagnetic thermal analysis and stress analysis for single phase FEFSM as, prolonged high-speed operational time with core and copper losses makes it prone to stress and thermal constraints as temperature rise in machine lead to degraded electromagnetic performance whereas the violation of the principle stress limit may result in mechanical deformation of the rotor. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the implementation of coupled electromagnetic-thermal and rotor stress analysis on single-phase FEFSM with non-overlap winding configurations using finite element analysis (FEA) methodology in JMAG V. 18.1. three-dimensional (3D) magnetic loss analysis is performed and extended to 3D thermal analysis to predict temperature distribution on various parts of the machine whereas Stress analysis predicts mechanical stress acting upon edges and faces of the rotor. Findings Analysis reveals that temperature distribution and rotor stress on the machine is within acceptable limits. A maximum temperature rise of 37.7°C was noticed at armature and field windings, temperature distribution in stator near pole proximity was 35°C whereas no significant change in rotor temperature was noticed. Furthermore, principal stress at the speed of 3,000 rpm and 30,000 rpm was found out to be 0.0305 MPa 3.045 MPa, respectively. Research limitations/implications The designed machine will be optimized for improvement of electromagnetic performance followed by hardware implementation and experimental testing in the future. Practical implications The model is developed for axial fan applications. Originality/value Thermal analysis is not being implemented on FEFSM for axial fan applications which is an important analysis to ensure the electromagnetic performance of the machine.

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Lin, Chih-Hong, and Chang-Chou Hwang. "Multi-objective optimization design using amended particle swarm optimization and Taguchi method for a six-phase copper rotor induction motor." Engineering Optimization 49, no. 4 (2016): 693–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305215x.2016.1208463.

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Ahmed, Firoz, and Narayan C. Kar. "Analysis of End-Winding Thermal Effects in a Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Induction Motor With a Die Cast Copper Rotor." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 3 (2017): 3098–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2648780.

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Chen, Keyu, Philippe Delarue, Alain Bouscayrol, Paul-Etienne Vidal, and Maria Pietrzak-David. "Minimum Copper Loss and Power Distribution Control Strategies of Double-Inverter-Fed Wound-Rotor Induction Machines Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 25, no. 3 (2010): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2009.2025414.

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Lu, Xiaomin, K. Lakshmi Varaha Iyer, Kaushik Mukherjee, and Narayan C. Kar. "A Wavelet/PSO Based Voltage Regulation Scheme and Suitability Analysis of Copper- and Aluminum-Rotor Induction Machines for Distributed Wind Power Generation." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 3, no. 4 (2012): 1923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2197643.

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Pyrhönen, Juha, Janne Nerg, Aki Mikkola, Jussi Sopanen, and Tuomo Aho. "Electromagnetic and mechanical design aspects of a high-speed solid-rotor induction machine with no separate copper electric circuit in the megawatt range." Electrical Engineering 91, no. 1 (2009): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-009-0114-1.

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Pyrhönen, Juha, Janne Nerg, Jussi Sopanen, Aki Mikkola, and Tuomo Aho. "Electromagnetic and mechanical design aspects of a high-speed solid-rotor induction machine with no separate copper electric circuit in the megawatt range." Electrical Engineering 91, no. 2 (2009): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-009-0115-0.

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Lin, Chih-Hong. "Sage Revised Reiterative Even Zernike Polynomials Neural Network Control with Modified Fish School Search Applied in SSCCRIM Impelled System." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (2020): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101760.

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In light of fine learning ability in the existing uncertainties, a sage revised reiterative even Zernike polynomials neural network (SRREZPNN) control with modified fish school search (MFSS) method is proposed to control the six-phase squirrel cage copper rotor induction motor (SSCCRIM) impelled continuously variable transmission assembled system for obtaining the brilliant control performance. This control construction can carry out the SRREZPNN control with the cozy learning law, and the indemnified control with an assessed law. In accordance with the Lyapunov stability theorem, the cozy learning law in the revised reiterative even Zernike polynomials neural network (RREZPNN) control can be extracted, and the assessed law of the indemnified control can be elicited. Besides, the MFSS can find two optimal values to adjust two learning rates with raising convergence. In comparison, experimental results are compared to some control systems and are expressed to confirm that the proposed control system can realize fine control performance.

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