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1
Balina, Rafał, i Marta Idasz-Balina. "Drivers of Individual Credit Risk of Retail Customers—A Case Study on the Example of the Polish Cooperative Banking Sector". Risks 9, nr 12 (2.12.2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9120219.
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The main aim of the research was to determine the key factors determining the level of credit risk of individual clients (clients in the form of natural persons, excluding companies) on the example of Polish cooperative banks according to the following features: transaction characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics of the customer, the customer’s financial situation, the customer’s history of cooperation with the cooperative bank where they applied for a loan, and the customer’s history of cooperation with other financial institutions. For the research gathered data from 1000 credit applications submitted by individual customers when applying for a credit in five different cooperative banks were used for the analyses. To assess the credit risk of retail clients we use logit regression models, and additionally, score cards were calculated. The results of the research indicate that among the factors with high predictive power there were the features characterizing the client’s history of cooperation with the cooperative bank, where they applied for a loan. It may mean that when assessing credit risk related to financing individual customers, cooperative banks due to their local character, have an advantage over other financial institutions.
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Kostyk, Yevhenii. "Conceptual principles of staffing publishing cooperatives in the study of economic history". University Economic Bulletin, nr 44 (12.02.2020): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-44-143-153.
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The subject of research is the socio-professional staff of the founders, members and co-workers of publishing cooperatives operating in the USSR to study the issues of Economic History. The goalof research is to study with regard to Economic History the socio-professional staff of the founders, members and co-workers of publishing cooperatives operating in the USSR to study the issues of Economic History. Methods of research. All components of the study are based on fundamental principles – scientific, historicism, objectivity, system, development, priority of concrete verity, pluralism; and also the methods of knowledge of social and economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative analytical, archaeological, retrospective, statistical, a systematic and integrated approach. Research methodology. In the process of the study, the fundamental principles were based on Economic History and History of Economic Thought, the Ukrainian and foreign scientists’ works and experts in this area. Results of work. In the article, the socio-professional staff of the founders, members and co-workers of publishing cooperatives operating in the USSR to study the issues of Economic History has studied. The field of application of results. The results of this research can be applied to study the issues of Economic History and History of Economic Thought, History of the Publishing Industry. Conclusions. Thus, the staff training system for the book-trading network, including the publishing cooperative, had some specific features. Compared to the program to train workers of printing production, where the state took part actively, the financing for the training of booksellers and cooperative publishers was totally devoid of state support. This was the fundamental position of the Soviet state, which, despite the New Economic Policy, continued “to look" at the sphere of trade and the associated need to study the book market, as a relic of capitalism. It is undeniable that giving the cooperative the opportunity to organize a training system for the book-trading network to some extent intensified the market relations in the republic, facilitated the study of the specificity of readers' demand as well as stimulated the development of publishing activity in Ukraine. However, the peaceful coexistence of the socialist-organized production of printed matter and the market system of its proliferation lengthy until the end of the 1920s, when, together with the cooperative publishing houses, a training staff system for the book trade was state-controlled.
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Golovina, S., i L. Smirnova. "Agricultural cooperation in the conditions of new challenges and threats: from theoretical discussion to economic practice". Agrarian Bulletin of the 208, nr 05 (29.06.2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-208-05-71-88.
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Abstract. In the current socio-economic, political and institutional conditions, primarily in the context of new challenges and threats (such as sanctions restrictions, natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics), which determine high instability in the activities of agricultural producers, particular importance in the development of the agricultural economy, rural communities and rural areas moves to agricultural cooperation. As retrospective studies prove, agricultural cooperatives always become particularly popular in the most difficult periods for agriculture (and the economy as a whole), extremely actualizing at this time the corresponding theoretical and applied research. The study and analysis of scientific works concerning current state of agricultural cooperation, its problems and potential in improving of agricultural production and harmonious development of rural areas allows us to conclude that, Despite the presence (in the review materials presented to the scientific community) of the evolution of cooperative thought and generalizing discussions on the theory of cooperation descriptions, the achievements of recent years, nevertheless, did not find a detailed reflection in them. The purpose of this work is to summarize the most meaningful results of world-class research on the activities of agricultural cooperatives in a fluctuating (sometimes turbulent) environment, which are relevant (and acceptable) for the development of Russian cooperative practices in the face of existing challenges and threats. Results. A survey-analytical study, the results of which are presented in this article, made it possible (through a thorough analysis of the achievements of the cooperative theory over the past five years) to formulate and scientifically substantiate the main components of a new (integrated, interdisciplinary) approach to the development of Russian agricultural cooperation in the current institutional and market context, the basic elements of which are (1) taking into account the peculiarities of the socio-economic and institutional environment, (2) the multifunctionality of cooperative activities, (3) the specifics of ways to create cooperatives in different countries and spheres of activity, (4) the limitations of traditional and the prospects of new organizational models of agricultural cooperatives. Scientific novelty. The article offers a detailed review of foreign and Russian studies on various aspects of agricultural cooperation, notable by a rich history and comprehensive discussions, substantiated a new concept for the development of modern agricultural cooperatives, formulated conclusions that have theoretical novelty and applied value for use in domestic economic practice.
4
Kostyk, Yevhenii. "Publishing cooperation as a catalyst for the formation of the national market of book products in the conditions of the NEP (theoretical aspect for studying the problems of economic history)". University Economic Bulletin, nr 48 (30.03.2021): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-164-181.
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The subject of the study is the role and place of cooperative publishing houses in the formation of the domestic consumer market of book products and scientific assessment of organizational, publishing and trade activities of publishing cooperatives in the context of the new economic policy (NEP). The purpose of the scientific article is to study the role and place of cooperative publishing houses in the formation of the domestic consumer market of book products and, through the prism of studying the problems of economic history, to give a scientific assessment of organizational, publishing and trade activities of the NEP. Methods of research. All components of the study are based on fundamental principles – scientific, historicism, objectivity, system, development, priority of concrete verity, pluralism; and also the methods of knowledge of social and economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative analytical, archaeological, retrospective, statistical, a systematic and integrated approach. Research methodology. In the process of the study, the fundamental principles were based on Economic History and History of Economic Thought, the Ukrainian and foreign scientists’ works and experts in this area. Results of work. In the context of this issue, we explored the role and place of cooperative publishing houses in the formation of the domestic consumer market of book products and, through the prism of studying the problems of economic history, gave a scientific assessment of organizational, publishing and trade activities of the NEP. The field of application of results. The results of this research can be applied to study the issues of Economic History and History of Economic Thought, History of the Publishing Industry. Conclusions. Thus, cooperative publishing houses were business-type societies, organizationally and functionally belonged to cooperative societies, and on the other hand - were public associations with editorial, production, economic and socio-cultural functions. Examining the activities of cooperative publishing houses, it can be stated that they occupied an important place in the distribution and printing of various literature: socio-economic, socio-political, agricultural, artistic, children's books, textbooks, natural, military. Consumers of book products of cooperative publishing houses were the most various social and professional groups of the population: workers, peasants, employees, women, youth, military, children. By distributing literature in a country where almost two-thirds of the population was illiterate, publishing houses contributed to the full operation of educational institutions, raising the intellectual and spiritual level of society, creating conditions for the development of science, art, culture and education. There was a completely organic connection between publishers' cooperatives, cultural, educational, and scientific institutions, and a kind of intellectual and spiritual dependence developed due to the high demand for books, as publishers published literature from all fields of knowledge. The activities of cooperative publishing houses of the NEP period, especially the formation of the organizational structure and the implementation of advertising and propaganda work should be taken into account when developing the legal framework of the national program of book publishing in Ukraine.
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Gorbanyuk, V. O. "The cooperative movement in rural areas should be a priority in reforming of agriculture (opportunities, realities and economic efficiency of its approval)". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, nr 86 (27.02.2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8605.
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The history of rural cooperatives in Ukraine is quite deep. It includes both national characteristics and certain global trends. Today in Ukraine the cooperative movement in the agro-industrial complex is primarily connected with the implementation of a comprehensive, agrarian, incl. land reform. The legal and normative mechanisms of socio-economic relations in the village are regulated by the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Code of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Farmers», the Law of Ukraine «On Personal Peasant Economy», the Law of Ukraine «On State Support to Agriculture», the Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individuals-Enterprises and Public Formations», the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Advisory Activities», the Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation», the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation». These legislative acts determine that an agricultural cooperative is an important form of management, an integral part of a multi-faceted economy in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. However, it should be noted that at present the potential of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine remains poorly implemented, in particular, the establishment of multi-functional cooperatives, which in turn can form higher-level associations by sector or territory, act as founders of different types of enterprises, have their own competitive representations in the regions of Ukraine and abroad. Today should be answered rather effective is the prospect of introducing an integrated multi-profit agricultural service cooperatives built on profitable pricing under conditions of self-sufficient local communities combined with the experience and practices of the developed countries of Europe and the world. Does farmers need a real serving non-profit agricultural cooperative. The answer to this should be given by the conducted research, and the analysis of the existing experience. The history of Ukraine, including Galicia, had a positive experience in the functioning of rural cooperation. And in the world the particular importance are agricultural cooperatives which unite the efforts of rural producers in solving not only economic and social problems in the rural areas.
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Kostyk, Yevhenii. "Socio-economic contribution of cooperative publishing house "hart" to the development of the publishing industry of Ukraine". University Economic Bulletin, nr 54 (27.09.2022): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2022-54-99-109.
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The subject of research is: formation; development; structure of governing bodies; operational and economic organization of the material base and consumer interests of buyers of book products of the cooperative publishing house "Hart". The purpose of the scientific article is to reveal and show the socio-economic contribution of the cooperative publishing house "Hart" to the development of the publishing industry of Ukraine based on the sources. Research methods. All components of the research are based on the main principles - scientificity, historicism, objectivity, systematicity, development, priority of concrete truth, pluralism, as well as methods of learning socio-economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative-analytical, archeographic, retrospective, statistical, systematic and complex approach. Work methodology. In the process of researching the specified issues, the main provisions were taken as a basis: the history of Ukraine, economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry, the work of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners in the specified field. Work results. In the context of the mentioned problems, we investigated the socio-economic contribution of the cooperative publishing house "Hart" to the development of the publishing industry of Ukraine. Field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the field of studying the problems of economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry. Conclusions. In the context of our research, we found out that the socio-economic contribution of cooperative publishing houses, in particular "Hart", to the development of the publishing industry of Ukraine, is quite large, since these publishing houses, with their entrepreneurial activity, stimulated the publishing process, thanks to them, the works of famous figures saw the light of day of Ukrainian culture, well-known historians, publicists, whose heritage remains understudied. It should be noted that in Ukraine at the current stage of development of the market economy system, where various forms of ownership dominate, the national publishing industry is in an extremely difficult situation. The search for an effective model for the development of national book publishing is still ongoing, so why not turn to our own historical experience.
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Abel Feleke. "Review on the Role of rural Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Improving Rural Farmers‘ Socio-economic Activities in Ethiopia". Pacific International Journal 1, nr 3 (30.09.2018): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v1i3.59.
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Rural Saving and Credit Cooperatives (RuSACCOs) are the main financial solution of the people who have low income level.Rural saving and credit cooperatives are considered to have immense potential in financing short term loans for agricultural production technologies and undertake off-farm income generating activities in rural areas where both the state and the private sector have failed. Cooperatives and socio-economic development in Ethiopia has its own Economic significance, Employment creation, income generation and poverty reduction, Social protection, Cooperative representation. Cooperatives have a long history in Ethiopia. Traditional forms of collective action such as iqub found that a traditional form of rotating savings and credit association; work groups such as jige, wonfel, and debo, which help in mobilizing labor resource (Labour sharing); and idir, a traditional association which provides insurance for members during death and other accidents. . Rural saving and credit cooperatives have their own challenges that retard their financial solution to their members and the economical contribution to a country. In Ethiopia, the development of SACCOs is low due to the existence of different challenges. Some of the most important challenges include lack of capacity for providing competent managerial services, limited participation of members in decision making and controlling activities (because of limited capacity and skill), and lack of finance, basic infrastructure, and market information against the need for a better linkage of cooperative members. And recommending Government cooperative agency offices, Unions, and NGOs should provide sustainable technical training for cooperatives technical staffs on financial planning, financial management, and inventory handling issues are the possible recommendations. Saving and credit cooperatives play a crucial role in economic and social development for rural farmers in Ethiopia.
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Silva, Antonio S., i Ruth Mace. "Cooperation and conflict: field experiments in Northern Ireland". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, nr 1792 (7.10.2014): 20141435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1435.
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The idea that cohesive groups, in which individuals help each other, have a competitive advantage over groups composed of selfish individuals has been widely suggested as an explanation for the evolution of cooperation in humans. Recent theoretical models propose the coevolution of parochial altruism and intergroup conflict, when in-group altruism and out-group hostility contribute to the group's success in these conflicts. However, the few empirical attempts to test this hypothesis do not use natural groups and conflate measures of in-group and unbiased cooperative behaviour. We conducted field experiments based on naturalistic measures of cooperation (school/charity donations and lost letters' returns) with two religious groups with an on-going history of conflict—Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland. Conflict was associated with reduced donations to out-group schools and the return of out-group letters, but we found no evidence that it influences in-group cooperation. Rather, socio-economic status was the major determinant of cooperative behaviour. Our study presents a challenge to dominant perspectives on the origins of human cooperation, and has implications for initiatives aiming to promote conflict resolution and social cohesion.
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Kostyk, Yevhenii. "Features of state management of cooperative and private forms of publishing activity of the population in the conditions of the NEP (theoretical aspect to the study of problems of economic history)". University Economic Bulletin, nr 52 (18.03.2022): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2022-52-97-113.
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The subject of the research is the features of state management of cooperative and private forms of publishing activity of the population in the conditions of the New Economic Policy (NEP), namely: monopolization and centralization of the publishing industry in Ukraine; introduction of a system of political and ideological control through censorship; administrative-judicial and ideological measures of state bodies on the activities of cooperative-private publishing houses; relations between cooperative, private and state publishing houses. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the features of state management of cooperative and private forms of publishing activity of the population in the conditions of the New Economic Policy. Research methods. All components of the study are based on the basic principles - scientific, historicism, objectivity, consistency, development, the priority of concrete truth, pluralism, as well as methods for understanding the socio-economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative-analytical, archeographic, retrospective , statistical, systematic and integrated approach. Methodology of the work. In the process of studying this issue, the main provisions were taken as a basis: the history of Ukraine, economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry, the works of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners in this field. Work results. In the context of this issue, we studied the features of state management of cooperative and private forms of publishing activity of the population in the conditions of the NEP, namely: monopolization and centralization of the publishing industry in Ukraine; introduction of a system of political and ideological control through censorship; administrative-judicial and ideological measures of state bodies on the activities of cooperative-private publishing houses; relations between cooperative, private and state publishing houses. Scope of the results. The results of this study can be applied in the field of studying the problems of economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry. Conclusions. Therefore, having studied the activities of cooperative-private publishing houses, we can state that their relationship with state publishing houses had a situational socio-political paradigm, reflecting the attitude of the mono-party system to amateur forms of entrepreneurial activity of the population. During the 1920s a kind of "peaceful" coexistence of the two sectors of publishing activity continued, but there was a tendency towards the stateization of cooperative-private publishing houses. The state tried to prevent the strengthening of the role of private and cooperative forms. By introducing the classification of publishing houses, the Soviet state sought to monopolize and centralize the publishing industry in Ukraine, to introduce a system of political and ideological control through censorship. Administrative-judicial and ideological measures of state bodies were directed against cooperative and private publishing houses for several reasons: to eliminate a competitor from the consumer market of book products, to make it impossible for the independent cooperative-private system to function in the field of printing and printing, to involve them in the implementation of state orders of an ideological direction, to reorganization on the principles of state associations.
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Vasilitsyna, L. A. "The monastic community of Tadulinsky convent after 1917". Язык и текст 2, nr 4 (2015): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2015020407.
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The article describes the history of the monastic community of the The Tadulinsky Holy Assumption Monastery after 1917. The article considers how the sisters made attempts to save the community and liturgical life. For this parish community had been registered and organized agricultural marketing cooperative. The article also describes the nature and socio-demographic composition of the monastic community on the eve of 1917, and reveals the arrival of the registration procedure and the organization and functioning of the process of agricultural cooperatives. The author points out on the participation of nuns and novices of the monastery in the educational process which are located in the monastery of Soviet schools and boarding schools. It outlines the time and circumstances of the closure of the monastery, eviction of the nuns and the elimination of agricultural cooperatives.
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Le Lay, Stéphane, i Fabien Lemozy. "Does platform cooperativism represent a future for work? The case of a French cooperative of bike couriers". Organization 30, nr 5 (wrzesień 2023): 830–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13505084221145564.
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The delivery sector has undergone profound changes in the way work is organised, particularly under the influence of platform capitalism and its algorithmic management. This phenomenon exacerbates processes of work precarisation that have been underway for decades. Alternatives have started to emerge, known as platform cooperativism, which aim to rethink the organisation of work. Despite their long socio-economic history, cooperatives have not been extensively researched from a physical and mental health perspective. The results of our investigation into the psychodynamics of work among couriers in a French cargo bicycle delivery cooperative show that health-related aspects – inseparable from the subjective relationship to work – shed light on individuals’ choices to embark on an alternative ‘entrepreneurial adventure’. We suggest that this way of working could signal an alternative to the model proposed by neoliberal economics, with their deleterious effects on health, on the collective, and more globally on politics.
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Arenas, Angélica Noemí, i Antonio Adrián Arciénaga Morales. "Technology transfer from the University to a Cooperative of Craft Producers in Amblayo (Argentina). Approaches to a case study". South Florida Journal of Development 3, nr 5 (9.09.2022): 5791–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n5-006.
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This paper presents an experience of a technology transfer process from a public university to a cooperative in a peripheral territory in the province of Salta (Argentina), which owns a medium-scale factory for the industrial production of dairy goat milk cheese. For a long time, its inhabitants have been recognized for their great quality in the artisanal elaboration of cheeses. The objective of this work was to support the transfer of theoretical and practical knowledge and technologies that contribute to the adaptation and use of the new technology implemented in the new plant in the area, which contrasts with previous artisan practices. The technology transfer to cooperatives with ancestral knowledge represents a great challenge and a field of study with little history. The methodology and process of the transmission experience are detailed, as well as a series of recommendations to be considered in promoting the growth of enterprises in territories with a relatively low level of socio-economic development.
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Zulhaida, Zulhaida. "PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER-PLUS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH SISWA KELAS XI JURUSAN TEKNIK GAMBAR BANGUNAN 3 SMK NEGERI 2 PEKANBARU". JURNAL PAJAR (Pendidikan dan Pengajaran) 2, nr 3 (30.05.2018): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/pjr.v2i3.5532.
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This research describes the improvement of learning outcomes History of Indonesia students class XI BuildingMaterials Engineering Department 3 SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru with Classroom Action Research. Learningmodel used is cooperative learning type numbered head together-plus. This type is applied in the study ofhistory, which analyzes the impact of politics, culture, socio-economic, and education during the Japanesecolonial era in the life of the Indonesian nation today, in Basic Competence (3.6) in class XI subjects ofIndonesian history. Number of students are 28 people. Average score before using the numbered head togetherplus type is 75.75 (moderate category), with eight complete students (28.57%). The results showed that learningwith cooperative model type numbered head together plus have positive impact in improving student learningoutcomes. The increase was marked by the improvement of students' learning mastery of the cycle, that is, in thefirst cycle of students who completed totaling 12 people (42.88%), with an average score of 76.96 and in cycle IIcomplete students amounted to 26 people (92.86%) with an average value of 81.79.
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Handayani, Sri. "CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HISTORY". Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 14, nr 1 (1.06.2013): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v14i1.1916.
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History education, including the teaching and learning of history, is a form of teaching and learning that is establishing national character values as to develop critical and chronological thinking as well as to acquire knowledge about the past in order to understand and explain the development and the changes in society as well as socio cultural diversity in order to find national identity among world society. The goals of the teaching and learning will be achieved if the student are well managed. As to manage teaching and learning in a proper way, educational management is required. Teaching and classroom management are a certain activities or process in managing cooperative group efforts in educational organization as to reach the goals effectively and efficiently. The functions of management includes: planning, organizing, actuating, controlling and evaluating. History education requires the functions in order to manage teaching and learning to be productive. Productivity is reflected from the effectivity and efficiency of learning.
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Tomasello, Michael. "The adaptive origins of uniquely human sociality". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, nr 1803 (czerwiec 2020): 20190493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0493.
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Humans possess some unique social-cognitive skills and motivations, involving such things as joint attention, cooperative communication, dual-level collaboration and cultural learning. These are almost certainly adaptations for humans' especially complex sociocultural lives. The common assumption has been that these unique skills and motivations emerge in human infancy and early childhood as preparations for the challenges of adult life, for example, in collaborative foraging. In the current paper, I propose that the curiously early emergence of these skills in infancy––well before they are needed in adulthood––along with other pieces of evidence (such as almost exclusive use with adults not peers) suggests that aspects of the evolution of these skills represent ontogenetic adaptations to the unique socio-ecological challenges human infants face in the context of a regime of cooperative breeding and childcare. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals’.
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Köppä, Tapani. "Rural Cooperation and the Finnish Society. Past, Present and Future". Deusto Estudios Cooperativos, nr 23 (30.01.2024): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/dec.2883.
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This essay deals with the importance of human cooperation for the development of societies and economies. The rural history of Finland offers rich material about the topic, including forms and applications of cooperation in economy and community life as well as the role of cooperetion in the development of social institutions and fulfilling political goals. Historical continuum covers here 900 years, including Finland as part of Sweden (~1100-1808), as an autonomous Grand Duchy of Russian empire (1809-1917) and as an indpendent republic of Finland (1917-). The author aims to provoke discussion about the social political importance of cooperation in general as win-win model recognising collective interests of people and balancing dominant individualistic view of man behind the rationality of mainstream competition economy. Long historical evidence of cooperative survival calls e.g. for continuing theoretical works like Nobelist Elinor Ostrom´s path-breaking analyses of the Commons and to give deeper time perspective for comparative research interests around recent topics, like the role of social economy in different countries. Relationships between cooperation and society can be recognised during history in changes of socio-political power relationships, applying of new technologies and re-organising community activities and economic exchange. An example with far-reching comsequences of these components in Finland was the period around the turn of 18th and 19th centuries. Market economy was replacing local subsistence economy, leaving traditional local means of livelihood in troubles. Rural poverty was critical social question needing measures to introduce new agricultural technologies and empowering poor peasants to self-help and extension organisations. Need to find access to larger markets for food and timber, including exporting, was also extremely important. Awareness of new European models of rural and agricultural cooperatives came into this context through influential pioneers, like Hannes Gebhard. After founding of Pellervo Society as central organisation of cooperation, the adoption and dissemination of cooperatives went on rapidly as an important component of Finnish small farm favouring agricultural policy. Talkoot is an essential element of the Finnish rural cooperation. Initially talkoot has been applied in rural communities as voluntary and mutual exchange of work and equipment. This could respond to everyday needs, but has also been applied for the sake of solidarity, to help disadvantaged members of the community. Talkoot-practices were exploited also by authorities, obligating subjects collectively to cooperate for certain common responsibilities. As an example of talkoot potential of Finns in exceptional circumstances was the organising of voluntary acts in home front during the wars 1939 and 1941-45.Received: 28 April 2023 Accepted: 11 July 2023
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Mytrofanenko, Yurii, Oleksandr Zhytkov i Nina Doroshchuk. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN CENTRAL UKRAINE ON THE THRESHOLD OF AND DURING THE UKRAINIAN REVOLUTION (1881–1922): THE AGRARIAN QUESTION". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 9, nr 3 (25.08.2023): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-3-151-161.
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The subject of the study is the analysis of economic development (agrarian relations) in Central Ukraine in the 80s of the XIX century – the first quarter of 1922. The problematic nature of the article is stipulated by the insufficient attention of specialists to the economic history of this region. The publication deals with the socio-economic sphere of regional history. Methodology. The study is based on the use of interdisciplinary methodological optics: economics, history, geography, and law. The purpose of the article is to analyse the approaches to solving the agrarian issue in Central Ukraine in the post-reform period and during the liberation struggle of 1917-1922. The article focuses on various aspects of socio-economic development in the late XIX century – the first quarter of the XX century. Conclusions. In the 80s and 90s of the XIX century, significant economic experiments took place in Central Ukraine aimed at solving the agrarian issue and meeting the economic needs of the peasantry. They were initiated by both representatives of the authorities – zemstvo officials – and public figures, such as M. Levytskyi. These attempts were partially successful economically: the peasantry of Kherson, Yekaterinoslav, Kyiv, and Poltava provinces had larger land holdings than in other areas, and were more entrepreneurial, as evidenced by their support for the cooperative movement. The second part of the article deals with the analysis of socio-economic relations during the liberation struggle of 1917-1922. The analysis of this struggle suggests that the peasantry of Central Ukraine was the driving force behind various insurgent movements. There were several major uprisings on socio-economic grounds in these areas, which were caused by the Ukrainian peasantry's rejection of the economic experiments of the Russian occupiers: the Bolsheviks and their opponents, the White Guards. The interests of the Ukrainian peasantry were partially satisfied by the introduction of a new economic policy in 1921, which contributed to the gradual decline of the insurgency.
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Di Lucrezia, Alfredo, Anna Scandurra, Claudia Pinelli, Nadia Musco, Biagio D’Aniello, Vincenzo Mastellone, Fabio Zicarelli, Maria Elena Pero i Pietro Lombardi. "A Comparative Study of Dogs and Goats with Limited Human Socialization in the Impossible Task Paradigm". Animals 13, nr 19 (26.09.2023): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13193027.
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The study aimed to explore how limited human socialization affects the socio-cognitive abilities and interactions with unfamiliar individuals of a selected group of domesticated dogs and goats. These animals were raised and kept under conditions characterized by limited human socialization, and their behavior was assessed using the “impossible task” paradigm. The study found that dogs, with a history of cooperative interactions and human companionship, exhibited more frequent social engagement with human experimenters in the experimental setting than goats, traditionally domesticated for utilitarian purposes. However, differences in interaction duration and latency were not significant, highlighting the complexity of these interactions. The results suggest that domestication history and behavioral ecology play significant roles in shaping animals’ willingness to engage with humans. However, this study acknowledges limitations, such as the specific population studied, and calls for further research with larger and more diverse samples to generalize these findings. Understanding the interplay between domestication history, behavioral ecology, and human socialization could provide insights into the complex factors influencing animal–human interactions and cognitive behaviors, with implications for animal welfare and human–animal relationships.
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Okolotin, Vladimir S. "PRODUCTION OF MILITARY PRODUCTS AT ENTERPRISES COOPERATIVE AND LOCAL INDUSTRY OF IVANOVO REGION IN 1941-1942". Vestnik of Kostroma State University, nr 1 (2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-26-1-58-63.
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The article is devoted to the study of the activities of enterprises of cooperative and local industry of Ivanovo Region in 1941-1942. for the production of military products and consumer goods. It refl ects the problems of production of products to equip the acting army, as well as meet the needs of the civilian population of the region. Signifi cant attention is paid to the specifi cs of fi nding solutions to solve them. These actions provided not only for the maximum mobilisation of local resources, but also for the development of various forms of socialist competition. The article examines the role of enterprises and the population of the region in the seasonal washing and repair of the Red Army uniforms, shoes, boots, etc. It is noted about the production of explosives and dextrin, as well as the urgent need for the production of consumer goods. In the end, all this worked for the defence of the country and brought closer the defeat of the enemy. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region, the Russian state archive of socio-political history, as well as the local periodical press. It summarises new material on the subject of most archival documents are introduced into scientifi c circulation, which allows to expand the knowledge of researchers and the public about the contribution of area residents to the victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this study may be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of regional economy and the history of War
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Bauto, Laode Monto. "SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES AS COMMUNITY LOCAL WISDOM KATOBA MUNA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING MATERIALS SOCIAL STUDIES AND HISTORY". Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 14, nr 2 (7.04.2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v14i2.2027.
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Katoba culture as one form of local wisdom Muna society contains many positive values that need to be preserved and developed. The positive values include the religious, social, political, economic, and historical values. This study addressed the relating socio-cultural values learning with appropriate conceptual of Social Science for Elementary school curriculum. Because one of the goals of this study is to develop learning materials Social Science- Elementary school to enhance the knowledge, attitudes and skill students against local culture (Katoba) in effort to mastery the subject matter of Social Science- Elementary school. Therefore, in the development learning materials will be integrated with relevant local cultural values. The relevant local cultural values (Katoba) curriculum of Social Science- Elementary school is the social values, culture, economics, politics/history and art/creativity and religion. In addition, the integration of social values in learning katoba cultural, Social Science through cooperative approaches with clarification in terms of the value of learning according to permendiknas No. 41/2007-th model is relevant to theories of learning and the learning model is selected. Through the stages of Social Science learning model development that are expected to improve the results of the study (koginitif), strengthen the appreciation and attitude of the students towards the local culture (katoba). This emphasis on the process of the learners how to learn through reconstruction, find, acquire knowledge and develop social values of cultural katoba, that is believed or understood and served as a pattern of behaviour guidelines in social life. The learning process is in line with the emphasis on the ideal character education of self-reliance human (moral autonomy) in a neighbourhood, community, nation, and state.
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Molchko, Ulyana. "Socio-public journalism of father Ostap Nyzhankivskyi: sociocultural dimension". UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, nr 2 (11) (2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2022.2(11).12.
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Newspaper materials on social and educational topics of the priest, composer, conductor, journalist, and social and cultural figure of the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries, Fr. Ostap Nyzhankivskyi, have been analyzed in the article. His journalistic cooperation with the Lviv periodicals "Dilo," "Hospodar I Promyslovets" ("Owner and Industrialist), and "Pidhirska rada" has been considered. The thematic range of newspaper articles, which contain rich, informative material on the history of the birth of the cooperative movement in Eastern Galicia, the functioning of nationally oriented societies, particularly "Sich" and the formation of Ukrainian education, has been highlighted. The genre features of the press publications of the Fr. O. Nyzhankivskyi have been characterized. Based on the conducted scientific research, an analysis of the journalism of a Galician journalist has been carried out for the first time through the prism of socio-cultural processes that took place in Eastern Galicia at the beginning of the 20th century. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific and special art historical methods, in particular those from historical and cultural studies. The specified methodological approach allows us to identify and understand a significant number of sources, particularly newspaper materials from the selected magazines, which influenced the formation of the national consciousness of Ukrainian citizens. Analysis of scientific works, which covered the biography and journalistic activity of the social activist Fr. O. Nyzhankivskyi, using a historical and cultural approach, helped determine his place in the socio-cultural space of Eastern Galicia at the beginning of the 20th century. It has been established that the Galician journalist's press publications have an axiological character, which is determined by the social issues highlighted by the publicist. The value of source studies and cognitive and educational functions of socio-cultural press publications of Fr. O. Nyzhankivskyi have been studied. The article will be a reasonable basis for researchers of the role of the personality of the spiritual leader in the nation-building processes of Eastern Galicia at the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th centuries, as well as for culturologists and musicologists who study the role of Fr. O. Nyzhankivskyi in sociocultural processes.
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Haokun Wang, Xiuyun Wang, Yaozu Wang, Qingyue Li,. "Analysis of Cornell Cooperative Extension under the Background of Big Data". Journal of Electrical Systems 20, nr 2 (4.04.2024): 2027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.1651.
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In the era of knowledge economy, higher education has become the support and engine of socio-economic development, and the importance and urgency of its social service function have become more prominent. The content and form of services urgently need to be updated and innovated. Analyzing the history and current development status of typical university social services undoubtedly has important exemplary value. As one of the earliest universities born in the United States to serve society, Cornell University has a deeply rooted concept of social service, a complete social service system, and a unique social service promotion system. The development of information technology and big data has greatly improved the social service field of the university. In order to have a deeper understanding of the development track and operation logic of Cornell University's social service extension system, this paper adopts the method of literature research, historical research and case study to trace the source of Cornell University's social service concept and explore Cornell University's social service extension model -- agricultural extension project with advantages of traditional "land-grant college". Learn about natural resources, environment and sustainable energy development projects that keep pace with The Times, as well as youth development and family upbringing services for family education. This article believes that the social services provided by Cornell University under the social service promotion system have a strong academic and professional nature, and the direction, content, and social needs of serving society are highly matched and coupled, which helps the university form a complete social service system. Its mature social service promotion system and successful experience in social services have important implications for the construction and improvement of university social service functions.
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Nikitenko, Kostiantyn, i Oleksandr But. "Innovative Experience of the NEP: lessons for the present". Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 4, nr 2 (18.07.2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26210421.
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The aim of the article: to draw attention to the lessons of the New Economic Policy, as insufficiently studied and generalized in the context of the development of the economy of Soviet Ukraine. This will allow, on the basis of deeper knowledge of history of the controversial interwar period, to understand the essence of strategic transformations at the present stage better, to avoid difficulties and miscalculations in their implementation. Research methods: historical-typological, historical-genetic, historical-comparative. Main results. The research proves that all instruments of market economy in a totalitarian society could exist only nominally. Non-acceptance of Lenin’s ideas set forth in the article “On Cooperation”, fixation only on his views regarding the early NEP, focus on administrative, repressive measures led to the fact that all the declared calls to support cooperative economy had an extremely low level of transformation into real supportive actions. The examples of successful initiatives of hard-working entrepreneurs, representatives of small and medium-sized businesses to find ways of socio-economic survival in the extreme conditions of the fight against COVID-19 are given. Concise conclusions. Government agencies administering economy took on the functions of chief executives, coordinating all economic activities, at the same time, putting it in a narrow framework of dependence on the Soviet state’s ideological and political decisions. The totalitarian system and any manifestations of private initiative were incompatible. The lessons of the NEP convincingly prove that free farming, small and medium business – the foundation of any developed society, – are underestimated today (as they were a hundred years ago) and require systematic state support. Practical meaning: the importance of the chosen topic is predetermined by the possibility of using the past economic experience in carrying out modern socio-economic transformations of society. Type of article: research.
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Alam Khan, Yasar, Amir Muhammad, Mohammed Waqar Khan, Mohammed Irshad, Umar Hussain i Abdul Khaliq. "PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN UNDER FIVE YEAR MALNOURISHED CHILDREN AT DISTRICT HEADQUARTER HOSPITAL, DISTRICT SHANGLA." Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 14, nr 01 (27.03.2024): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v14i01.615.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency and the risk factors associated with respiratory tract infection (RTI) in under five year malnourished children.Materials and Methods: A total of 203 malnourished children of less than 5 years of age and resident of district Shangla were included. Malnourished children with congenital cardiac diseases, any metabolic disorders and non-cooperative attitude of the parents were excluded. Demographics and risk factors about RTI were recorded from each participant. The association of each risk factor for RTI was assessed using Chi-square test. Logistic regression was run for the significant risk factors.Results: The mean age of the participants was 18.55±13.535 months. The males were 108(53.2%). All socio-demographic factors were not statistically associated with RTI. Among the clinical factors for RTI only significant association was found with consultant clinician (P=0.002). Among the environmental factors for RTI the significant association was found for history of allergy in parents (P=0.024) and sibling aff ected by RTI (P<0.001). RTI was more in common in children whose siblings were aff ected by RTI (n=100, 87.75%).Conclusion: The prevalence of RTI is quiet higher among malnourished children. The statistically significant risk factors associated with RTI among malnourished children are non-qualified clinician, sibling affected by RTI, and history of allergy in parents.
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Lunochkin, Andrei, i Ekaterina Furman. "Food Supply to the Residents of Stalingrad During the Period of Industrialization (Late 1920s – Mid-1930s)". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, nr 2 (maj 2021): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.2.12.
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Introduction. This article examines the problem of food supply for the residents of Stalingrad in the late 1920s – mid-1930s, i.e. during the period of industrialization. Methods and materials. The authors use the historical-descriptive (idiographic), historical-genetic, historical-comparative methods, as well as quantitative methods in the study of statistical sources. In the course of the research, documentary materials of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the State Archives of Volgograd Region, and the Center for Documentation of the Contemporary History of Volgograd Region were used to illustrate the main methods and directions for resolving the food problem in the city of Stalingrad in the late 1920s – first half of the 1930s. Analysis and results. The first five-year plan brought to citizens a sharp deterioration in food supply. Having refused to take economic measures the city authorities were forced to introduce a standardized distribution on the ration books of workers’ cooperatives. In 1931, Stalingrad as an important industrial center was included by the government in the list of the cities, which were supplied with basic products in a centralized manner. However, problems with food remained until the abolition of the card system in 1935. Interruptions in the supply of even standardized products, giant queues for them were the result not only of insufficient allocation of resources, but also of the unwillingness of the cooperative and state trade system to work effectively in the new conditions. The city’s population also grew too rapidly due to the peasants fleeing from the countryside, which contributed to the food shortage. The creation of subsidiary farms at large enterprises, the organization of collective farm fairs also did not lead to a noticeable result. The goal stated in the resolution of 1931 to bring the food supply of Stalingrad workers closer to the level of Moscow and Leningrad turned out to be unattainable. Some improvements in the food situation occurred only in autumn 1934, when a good harvest allowed the government to fulfill the state supplies, but the problem was never completely solved.
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Ravn, Johan E., Oier Imaz Alias, Igor Ortega, Trond Sanne Haga i Davydd J. Greenwood. "PRODUCTIVE PRAGMATISM: Industrial democracy under neoliberal capitalist conditions". IJAR – International Journal of Action Research 19, nr 1 (31.05.2023): 7–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v19i1.02.
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This essay presents two case examples of the context and practices of industrial democracy: Norwegian industrial democracy exemplified with the Aker case and the Mondragon Cooperative Experience (a term Mondragon often uses to describe its whole structure and history). The comparison illustrates the necessity of combining general systems theory, the distinction between political and socio-technical participation, and the role of ethos, worldview, and heedfulness in understanding how these enterprises operate and manage ongoing challenges. Our central motive is to promote the expansion of organizational democracy within the global industrial system as a superior and more humane alternative to global neoliberal capitalism. These are not simple comparisons because these systems have different histories, contexts, and dynamics. In making the comparison, we show that the constant process of balancing and rebalancing political and socio-technical participation is a key dynamic in keeping such democratic systems viable. We also show that enterprise ethos and worldview, far from being an add-on or a “soft” dimension, is the bedrock on which such systems rely. After making this general presentation, we put these systems in motion to show how they address the challenges of downsizing and strategic planning. Downsizing and strategic planning show both systems’ ability to face unexpected events and effectively cope with their potential consequences. We conclude that the differences between the cases show there is no one right way to create democratic organizations, but that paths exist and remain open for many different versions of these more humane and successful industrial organizations so necessary for creating sustainable societies.
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Manahan, Mary, Erik Villanueva, Joseph Edward Alegado i Yelena Morón-Cara Ortega. "(Re)constructing public services in the face of neoliberal governance: praxes of associative water systems in Metro Manila’s urban poor communities". Relaciones Internacionales, nr 45 (31.10.2020): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2020.45.009.
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In the sprawling megalopolis of Metro Manila, the failure or inability of centralized public and privatized water service utilities to connect outlying and poor communities within their service areas led to the emergence of community-owned water providers run by cooperatives and neighborhood associations, often led and initiated by women. Born out of necessity and daily struggles to provide water for their households, communities organize themselves as water service cooperatives or associative water systems that assume the traditional role of the state as duty-bearers in ensuring universal access and human rights to water. Employing long-term ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation, key informant interviews and literature review, this paper critically examines urban poor communities’ experimentations of water service provisioning whereby women have taken on the cudgels to effectively deliver water to their own people and in the process, practice self-governance and autonomy. Using neo-institutionalist (Ostrom and Cox, 2010) and critical socio-institutionalist frameworks (Cleaver, 2002), we critically interrogate the praxes of women-led associative water systems, a model whereby water consumers both control and own the service in their capacity as consumers, using the cases of Bagong Silang and Recomville Two water service cooperatives located in Caloocan City. By illustrating on-the-ground experiences, we stress the crucial role that waterless citizens and communities play in bridging the gap in the country’s water service provision, thereby expanding the private/public dichotomies that often dominate water governance debates. Through these case studies, we argue that associative water systems were borne out of collective desire to have safe, clean, and affordable water to flow to waterless communities. As Metro Manila remains under a privatized water set up, these community-owned initiatives are legitimate expressions of social transformation. We problematize how these women-led associative water systems progress in the face of neoliberal governance marked by hegemonic power of private and public actors. We also investigate how democracy is exercised —or not— within these systems as well as surface the various contestations they face. This paper therefore scrutinizes the principles and pitfalls of, the ups and downs and lessons learnt from associative water systems in providing piped connections to waterless communities. Our aim is to shed light on the reconstruction of public services anchored on collective action. We find that the political possibility for collective self-organization and bottom-up social governance are facilitated or constrained by a combination of political, socioeconomic factors such as access to technical inputs and financing, social acceptability and legitimacy of the cooperative, sustained social organizing, and understanding of micro-politics and power in the community. Afterall, community-led initiatives operate in a highly contentious local politics marked by clientelism and heterogeneity. We posit that the successes of associative water systems lie on their ability to practice democracy, transparency, and accountability as well as mobilize social capital, trust, and cooperation. However, the experiences of urban poor communities in Caloocan City reveal a more complicated picture in which water service cooperatives are plagued by multiple governance issues, internal corruption, power struggles, and affordability issues. The process of building cooperatives is tension-laden, revealing the challenges of creating the commons through sociopolitical and institutional arrangements on the ground. The paper further reveals how state and market institutions successfully managed to define the terms of engagement with the urban poor communities that constrain the latter’s capability to expand water service in their areas, on one hand. On the other, private and public actors have distanced themselves from the people and obscured their objectives and economic interests from the communities they are supposed to serve. This generated a situation where dissatisfaction and capitalistic exploitation are directed toward cooperatives, instead, further redefining social relations within communities (Cheng, 2014; Chng, 2008). The paper is organized into six sections. The first parts provide a short introduction of the topic as well as a brief overview of the history and socio-political underpinnings of Metro Manila’s water privatization and neoliberal undercurrents that gave way to the rise of associative water systems. The second section outlines methodological considerations that detail our general approach in gathering empirical material. The third part offers a conceptual and literature review of associative water systems in theory and practice, outlining the positive and promising principles as well as the pitfalls of the model as commons or bottom-up social governance. Examples from Bolivia and the Philippines are mentioned that offered inspiration for urban poor communities in Caloocan City to embark on their own cooperative-building and water service provisioning. The fourth part narrates the dynamics, history, and experiences of Bagong Silang and Recomville Two water service cooperatives, underlining the similarities in the contexts where they operate as well as the various tensions and challenges they faced in the process of creating cooperatives and delivering quality and safe water to the urban poor households. We pay special attention to the role of women as leaders and changemakers amid a generally masculinized culture. The part played by two NGOs as wayfinders and supporters that accompanied the cooperatives accentuate the importance of having allies and partners in the process. We also detail how the uneven and inequitable relationship between Maynilad and the cooperatives produced a culture of payment for water which partially contributed to strained social relationships in the community. This culture restructured the roles and responsibilities among community, state, and market actors. The fifth part sketches the lessons learnt from these experiences, underlining the communities’ struggle for self-governance and autonomy to remake public services through collective action and participation in water service provision and stressing the crucial role that women played in the process. This section also identifies three challenges around issues of non-participation, power, and outcomes/impacts, underscoring the dangers of fetishizing communities (Cleaver, 2002) as homogenous, idealized forms or sources of social innovation. Divided along the lines of gender and class, women empowerment facilitated by the cooperative through trainings and skills enhancement did not sit well with some men in the communities. Further, the capacity to pay for water of the urban poor that is greatly tied to precarity of work and informality affects the operations and management of the system. We conclude by reiterating the pivotal role played by communities in enabling water to flow to their homes. But associative water systems are far from perfect. As on-going works-in-progress, the urban poor’s desired water services can only be discovered and constructed through daily —democratic— political struggles, collective action, and contestations. The praxes of associative water systems accentuate what Dahl and Soss (2012, as mentioned in McDonald, 2016) argue that “democratic conceptions of the common good will always be partial and provisional, never universal or static” (p. 4).
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Thi Ngoc Nho, Tran. "Impact of Urbanization on Household Economy Development in Sa Dec Flower Village, Dong Thap". Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, nr 4 (14.02.2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i4.635.
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Sa Dec Flower Village provides flowers for southern Vietnam and as a result makes an important contribution to the socio-economic development of the region, especially via tourism. This article aims to discern the factors affecting the economic and social changes of the Sa Dec Flower Village to establish appropriate development strategies. The impact on the economic changes of the flower village based on the following five key factors (1) Local orientation, (2) Urbanization, (3) Market economy, (4) Agricultural cooperative model, and (5) Traditional Flower Village engagement. There have been many previous related studies examining the relationship between these factors and household economic development in the context of urbanization; however, each study was done separately without combining all analyses in the same study. To test this impact, the paper applies the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) model to find out which factors have the most impact on the dependent variable Household Economic Development. The study surveyed 350 cases in two areas of Tan Quy Dong ward and Tan Khanh Dong ward which have strong urbanization rate and a long history of development of ornamental flower craft villages as well as the largest flower production areas in Sa Dec flower village. The results show that factors of Urbanization, Market economy and Traditional Flower Village engagement (of which Urbanization is the strongest one) have the impact on the household economic development. The two left variables Local Development Orientation and Agricultural Cooperative Model do not have a significant relationship or impact on the dependent variable and are excluded from the regression model. Based on the research results presented, this paper suggests possible solutions to improve the efficiency of the economic development of Sa Dec flower village.
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Maldonado, Thiago Vargas, Francesca Allievi i Luiz Panhoca. "Sustainability of the Amazon Nut in Mato Grosso: An Application of the MuSIASEM Method". Sustainability 13, nr 17 (31.08.2021): 9777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179777.
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The Amazon biome occupies 60% of Brazilian territory, configured as a complex metabolism due to its diversity and the history of occupation by humans in the exploitation of its services. The Amazon nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) occurs in the entire Amazon biome, which is essential for its sustainability. The Amazon nut production chain in the northwest of the State of Mato Grosso presents itself as a relevant case of analysis of the extractive activity of non-timber forest products (NTFP). Based on interpretative assumptions, the multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM) approach is applied to the data collected in a farmers’ cooperative. The objective of this study was to analyze the socio-environmental metabolism of the productive chain of the Amazon nut in the northwest region of the Mato Grosso State (MT) in Brazil. As the MuSIASEM approach can generate an integrated set of indicators measured at different scales and dimensions of analysis, the results show a lack of sustainability in the social dimension, in the environmental dimension, and the presence of intermediaries that serve companies that function as an illegal part of the metabolism. As a next step, the defined method needs testing on different NTFPs and in other micronarratives.
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Harré, Michael S., i Mikhail Prokopenko. "The social brain: scale-invariant layering of Erdős–Rényi networks in small-scale human societies". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, nr 118 (maj 2016): 20160044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0044.
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The cognitive ability to form social links that can bind individuals together into large cooperative groups for safety and resource sharing was a key development in human evolutionary and social history. The ‘social brain hypothesis’ argues that the size of these social groups is based on a neurologically constrained capacity for maintaining long-term stable relationships. No model to date has been able to combine a specific socio-cognitive mechanism with the discrete scale invariance observed in ethnographic studies. We show that these properties result in nested layers of self-organizing Erdős–Rényi networks formed by each individual's ability to maintain only a small number of social links. Each set of links plays a specific role in the formation of different social groups. The scale invariance in our model is distinct from previous ‘scale-free networks’ studied using much larger social groups; here, the scale invariance is in the relationship between group sizes, rather than in the link degree distribution. We also compare our model with a dominance-based hierarchy and conclude that humans were probably egalitarian in hunter–gatherer-like societies, maintaining an average maximum of four or five social links connecting all members in a largest social network of around 132 people.
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Utkin, Oleksandr. "HIGHER AGRARIAN SCHOOL OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION (1922–1935)". Kyiv Historical Studies, nr 1 (2018): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2018.1.94102.
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In the article on the basis of factual material, archival documents it is analysed the history of foundation and work of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy (here in after referred to as the UHA) in Czechoslovakia (1922–1935) as a polytechnic-type higher education institution, functioning on the traditions of Ukrainian free science, culture and patriotism. The importance of the topic is due to the inadequate study of the history of the Ukrainian emigration in the Western countries, the activities of its scientifi c, educational, cultural and other institutions, their role in preserving Ukrainian, national and cultural values, which became the basis for the further development of science, education and culture for Ukrainians abroad. The subject of our research is the Higher Agricultural School of the Ukrainian emigration in Czechoslovakia. The methodological base of research are historical and comparative, typological, genetic, systematic methods used for a comprehensive study. The Academy has made a signifi cant contribution to the intellectual development of person, national and cultural values of the united Ukraine. Achievements of the Academy in the personnel training, research and publishing industry refl ect the ideas of Ukrainian scholars at knowledge as a factor of socio-economic growth of the welfare of the people and deepening the infl uence on the establishment of national consciousness, the struggle of Ukrainians for independence. Scientists of the Academy collaborated with international organizations, participated in the work of international scientifi c forums, were recognized by the world scientifi c community, which indicates the maturity of an emigrant private high school. For the history of Ukraine it is very important the comprehensive analysis of the functioning of Ukrainian educational and scientifi c structures, such as the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy in the Podebrady (Czechoslovakia), which during 1922–1935, actively trained highly educated personnel in agro-forestry, economically-cooperative and engineering faculties. It students wanted to learn successfully accumulated human knowledge of their specialties, distribute them, and if necessary to work in Ukraine combining science and production, to raise the economy of the republic to the level of advanced Western countries.
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Wolf, Aaron T., Shira B. Yoffe i Mark Giordano. "International waters: identifying basins at risk". Water Policy 5, nr 1 (1.02.2003): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0002.
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Despite the growing literature on water and conflict in international river basins, little empirical work has been done to bolster common conclusions which are so widely reported. In order to address this gap, we set out to assess all reported events of either conflict or cooperation between nations over water resources during the last 50 years and to use these events to inform the identification of basins at greatest risk of political stress in the near future (5-10 years). The study is divided into three components:Compilation and assessment of relevant biophysical, socio-economic and geopolitical data in a global Geographic Information System (GIS), and use of these factors to determine history-based indicators for future tensions along international waterways.Using these indicators, identification of basins at risk for the coming decade.Identification and assessment of the potential for mitigating factors and new technologies resulting in a future different than that predicted by history-based indicators. In general, we find that most of the parameters regularly identified as indicators of water conflict are actually only weakly linked to disputes, but that institutional capacity within a basin, whether defined as water management bodies or treaties, or generally positive international relations are as important, if not more so, than the physical aspects of a system. It turns out then that very rapid changes, either on the institutional side or in the physical system, which outpace the institutional capacity to absorb that change, are at the root of most water conflict, as reflected in two sets of indicators: 1) “internationalized” basins, i.e. basins which include the management structures of newly independent states, and 2) basins which include unilateral development projects and the absence of cooperative regimes. By taking our parameters of rapid change as indicators-internationalized basins and major planned projects in hostile and/or institution-less basins-we are able to identify the basins with settings which suggest the potential for political stresses in the coming five to ten years. These basins include: the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Han, Incomati, Kunene, Kura-Araks, Lake Chad, La Plata, Lempa, Limpopo, Mekong, Ob (Ertis), Okavango, Orange, Salween, Senegal, Tumen and Zambezi. We then identify “red flags,” or markers related to these indicators, which might be monitored in the future. Finally, recognizing that history-based indicators may lose validity over time in a rapidly changing world, we ask, “what about the future, which may look nothing like the past,” and focus on four topics: new technologies for negotiation and management; globalization, privatization and the WTO; the geopolitics of desalination; and the changing sources of water and the changing nature of conflict.
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J., Olu, D., i Adedeji, B. S. "Inter-Group Relations and Conflicts in Jos Metropolis: A Study of Hausa Migrants and Host Community, 1915-2022". Sokoto Journal of History 12, nr 01 (30.09.2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/sokotojh.2023.v12i01.005.
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The study of inter-group relations in Nigeria is a heavily tasked subject because of the impact it has had in the nation in the area of group conflicts, bitterness, rivalries and hatred. It is rather unfortunate that the various Nigerian groups, which in the past lived in harmonious and cooperative relations, now live in animosity. This paper is an attempt to examine the nature and significance of Inter-group Relations in Jos Metropolis with focus on Hausa Migrants and the Host Community between 1915 and 2022. Structurally, the paper is divided into several parts, the first of which is the introduction, sections two and three examine the settlement of Hausa community in Jos metropolis and brief explanation on the introduction of Islam to Jos and economic contributions of Hausa migrants to the growth of Jos metropolis. Part four examines the causes and course of conflicts between the Hausa migrants and their Jos hosts. Section four shed some light on the socio-economic effects of Jos conflicts on migrant groups and the host community, while the last section is the conclusion. The paper depends largely on primary and secondary sources of history. The field work conducted shows that inter-group relations between the Hausa and the host community have led to the loss of lives and properties destroyed. The paper in the final analysis put forward certain recommendations on how to maintain peace for sustainable development in the town.
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Frolov, Maxim A. "Literary, Socio-Political, and Material Everyday Life of the Editorial Board of the Russkoye Bogatstvo Magazine, Its Authors, and Staff between 1896 and 1900". Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, nr 2 (2021): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.2.031.
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This article introduces into scholarly circulation documents kept in the funds of the Scientific Research Department of Manuscripts of the RSL and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art relating to literary, socio-political, and material life of the Russkoye Bogatstvo magazine. Along with documentary evidence of literary activity, these documents serve to clarify human preferences, assessments, relationships, and reveal the internal mechanisms of the editorial life of the magazine. The chronological period which the archival materials date back to (1896–1900) is a landmark in the history of the magazine when it first became a legal print medium of the Narodniks and, second, recovered the cooperative principle of its publication. Finally, during the period in question, the relations between the members of the editorial board began to be regulated progressively. Also, to a greater extent than before, all financial flows that passed through the editorial board started to be regulated legally organising the work of the editorial board which allowed the magazine to continue to exist despite the many difficulties — censorious, political, repressive — it had to face on its long and difficult way to the reader. The materials presented in the article tell about some episodes of the fate of the famous magazine under the changing historical conditions and clarify facts of human, literary, and financial relations in the editorial board, while a brief real commentary restores the historical and literary context of the facts described in these documents. The subject of the published documents is specific circumstances including economic ones of the editorial office of Russkoye Bogatstvo, which until now have rarely been the subject of historical and literary publications and articles.
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Singh, Abhinava S., i Mayur Shah. "Tata trusts: positively and sustainably contributing to the development of sport in India". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, nr 2 (22.05.2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2020-0333.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are to sensitise with the cause of sport development in India; to familiarize with the concepts of SDGs and sport development continuum in context of the Tata Trusts work in sports (Sports Portfolio); to relate strategy concepts of resources, SWOT analysis, cooperative implications, Carroll's CSR pyramid and Porter-Kramer strategic corporate social performance and shared value framework of inside-out and outside-in linkages with the Sports Portfolio strategy at the Tata Trusts; and to link sport development concepts like sport and development, sports development continuum and capacity building with the Sports Portfolio work at the Tata Trusts. Case overview/synopsis The case explores the sport and development issues faced by Ms Neelam Babardesai, Head of Sports Portfolio, Tata Trusts in Mumbai, India. The Trusts had a long history of contributing to the development of sport in India and looked forward to aligning their work in the sport with the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). They started Sports Portfolio in 2016–2017 intending to complement their work in education and generate positive socio-economic change at the grassroots (local community) level in India. They also had the resources to implement the programmes. However, they were faced with issues like the deficiency of physical literacy in schools resulting in the disinterest of children and parents in sport and physical activity, which also might lead to health issues, later in life, minimal cooperation between entities involved with sport and development, lack of structured sports programmes and skilled human resources and the national sports policy needing better details and implementation and follow-up plans in India. Their strategic response was based on the use of a “sports development pyramid”, capacity building, alignment with the SDGs and complementary partnerships and collaborations. What were the outcomes? Should they continue with the same strategic approach? What should be their future course of action for sport and development? How should they respond to the COVID-19 crisis? Ms Babardesai reflected upon the above questions while concluding that India needed a long-term strategy for the development of sport. Complexity Academic Level The case is intended to be taught in the class of strategic management for postgraduate or master's level participants of business administration for concepts like resources, SWOT analysis, cooperative implications, corporate social responsibility (CSR), shared value and introducing the concept of the UN SDGs (SDGs), capacity building and sports development continuum (sports development domain) in context of the Indian sports scenario. The case should be equally useful in teaching relevant courses related to sports management and development. It may also be used for courses related to development studies and sustainability at the master’s level. The case may also be used by practitioners and researchers associated with sport and development/sports development and SDGs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy
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Pashentsev, D., N. Chernogor i O. Sidler. "The role of cooperation in the socio-economic development of rural areas: history and modernity". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 274 (7.06.2019): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/274/1/012086.
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Savopoulos, Vanessa A. S., i Victor Mapulanga. "Factors associated with response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy in patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer at the University Teaching Hospital Lusaka, Zambia". Medical Journal of Zambia 47, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.47.1.643.
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Background: Prostate cancer in most cases is dependent on the presence of androgens (testosterone) produced either by the testis or adrenal gland. The major risk factors for development include aging, ethnicity and genetic predisposition. Organ confined prostate cancer is curable by surgery or radiotherapy while metastatic disease is treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT can be achieved medically (gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists or antagonists) or surgically (bilateral orchiectomy). A decrease in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is used as a marker of response to ADT. Metastatic prostate cancer has been found to be the most common cause of death in the urology department at the University Teaching Hospitals – Adult Hospital even after ADT, therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the pre-treatment factors that can be used to determine the response to ADT.
Methodology: This was a cross section study conducted at the University Teaching Hospitals- Adult Hospital and Cancer Diseases Hospital. It was carried out between December 2017 and September 2018. Patients with metastatic prostate cancer were recruited. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and histopathological findings were elicited by detailed history and file review. PSA and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score were obtained prior to ADT commencement. ADT was done and patients were scheduled for a three month post ADT review where PSA and ECOG performance status score were reobtained.
Results: 50 patients were recruited into the study. The total patient retention was 88% (n=44). The average age was 71. Majority, 89% (n=39) had some level of education; 98% (n=43) had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); 11% (n=5) had paraplegia. 98% (n=43) had bone metastasis. Duration of symptoms at presentation was > 6 months in 75% (n=33) patients. ECOG score was above 1 in 75% (n=33). Initial PSA was above 100ng/ml in 75% (n=38). All patients had Gleason scores above 7. All patients had a drop in PSA after ADT. The average PSA percentage drop in men below 60 years was 80.5% whereas the average percentage drop in PSA with regards to other factors was 91.19%.
Conclusion: All patients had androgen dependant cancers. These patients also had high risk prostate cancer with initial PSA values above 100ng/ml and Gleason scores above 7. Of all the factors analysed, age below 60 years was found to be the only clinically significant factor associated with poor response to ADT.
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Savopoulo, Vanessa A. S., i Victor Mapulanga. "Factors associated with response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy in patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer at the University Teaching Hospital Lusaka, Zambia". Medical Journal of Zambia 47, nr 1 (7.05.2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.47.1.141.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Prostate cancer in most cases is dependent on the presence of androgens (testosterone) produced either by the testis or adrenal gland. The major risk factors for development include aging, ethnicity and genetic predisposition. Organ confined prostate cancer is curable by surgery or radiotherapy while metastatic disease is treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT can be achieved medically (gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists or antagonists) or surgically (bilateral orchiectomy). A decrease in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is used as a marker of response to ADT. Metastatic prostate cancer has been found to be the most common cause of death in the urology department at the University Teaching Hospitals – Adult Hospital even after ADT, therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the pre-treatment factors that can be used to determine the response to ADT.
Methodology: This was a cross section study conducted at the University Teaching Hospitals- Adult Hospital and Cancer Diseases Hospital. It was carried out between December 2017 and September 2018. Patients with metastatic prostate cancer were recruited. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and histopathological findings were elicited by detailed history and file review. PSA and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score were obtained prior to ADT commencement. ADT was done and patients were scheduled for a three month post ADT review where PSA and ECOG performance status score were reobtained.
Results: 50 patients were recruited into the study. The total patient retention was 88% (n=44). The average age was 71. Majority, 89% (n=39) had some level of education; 98% (n=43) had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); 11% (n=5) had paraplegia. 98% (n=43) had bone metastasis. Duration of symptoms at presentation was > 6 months in 75% (n=33) patients. ECOG score was above 1 in 75% (n=33). Initial PSA was above 100ng/ml in 75% (n=38). All patients had Gleason scores above 7. All patients had a drop in PSA after ADT. The average PSA percentage drop in men below 60 years was 80.5% whereas the average percentage drop in PSA with regards to other factors was 91.19%.
Conclusion: All patients had androgen dependant cancers. These patients also had high risk prostate cancer with initial PSA values above 100ng/ml and Gleason scores above 7. Of all the factors analysed, age below 60 years was found to be the only clinically significant factor associated with poor response to ADT.
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Fucà, Romina, Serena Cubico i João Leitão. "The Role of a Condominium’s Association in Adapting, Complying, and Self-Reducing Anxiety in Response to COVID-19 Precautionary Measures". Frontiers in Law 1 (27.12.2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2817-2302.2022.01.05.
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Our article is part of a micro-inquiry into the small reality of co-ownership to formulate hypotheses on the evaluation of behaviors (non-pharmaceutical precautionary measures) in addition to pharmaceutical actions put in place by the authorities against future pandemics. Our article takes its first steps in the fact that one of the most common ways to fight the COVID-19 virus is to avoid close contact between people. Indeed, our condominium meetings have been canceled at the first COVID-19 vague (in late February 2020), and social distancing as well as the use of masks and hand sanitizer in the concierge are measures still adopted at the end of 2022. External people (parents, visitors in general, and patients from the three health offices housed in the condominium) have been reduced, and certain businesses, such as bed and breakfasts, which were operating until 2019, had been closed following the first vague of COVID-19 pandemics. The general condominium association has been centralized under the conscious direction of the doorman led by the administrator of the condominium and a support lawyer. Stray animals at the foot of the condominium and fed by a couple of residents have been reduced to the strict minimum. On a sample of 39 people questioned and from an age range between 17 and 93 years, actually residing in the condominium and excluding those members of families who do not actually reside there, we inquired how the risk of COVID-19 infection has decreased over the past year (December 2021-December 2022). The useful variables to determine the correlations between the precautionary behaviors adopted by the co-owners and a possible reduction in the risk of infection are: 1) size of the family (self-observed); 2) level of education (self-observed); 3) professional status (self-observed); 4) salary (self-observed); 5) travel history (self-observed); 6) annual charity (self-observed estimate); 7) confidence in sustainability (interviews via mobile chat); 8) doses of vaccines already taken to the time of the survey (interviews via mobile chat); and 9) depressive symptoms (interviews via mobile chat). Our survey targets to highlight how residents’ safety in the case of one of the most recent periods of COVID-19 pandemics—i. e. the starting winter season 2022‒2023—is somehow safeguarded by cooperative games because of condominiums rules’ fulfillment as well as by socio-juridical precautionary measures taken by the ruling association.
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Arestov, Vladimir A. "Petrovsky Agricultural Fair in the Years of the New Economic Policy (Based on the Materials of the State Archive of the Perm Region)". Economic History 19, nr 4 (29.12.2023): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.063.019.202304.318-327.
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Introduction. Since 1921, the country has been going through a period of economic experiments, a period of aggravation of the political struggle over the further development of Russia. This stage has gone down in history under the abbreviation NEP – New Economic Policy. The new economic policy has had a great impact on the daily, private lives of people, until recently insufficiently studied. The NEP period causes controversy among modern researchers of the Soviet Union, as well as disagreements in their assessment. The relevance of the topic of NEP is explained by the socio-economic and political changes that have occurred in Russian society in recent years, the transition to market relations. The experience of the “mixed economy” of the 1920s seems to have great practical significance for modern economic and political development. As such, this period was not marked by a holistic policy. There have been certain steps towards the recognition of various forms of ownership, the legalization of private entrepreneurship, and at the same time, a retreat to the position of strict state regulation, an economic dictate bordering on extortion. The purpose of the article is to consider the process of creation and functioning of fair trade in Perm during the NEP years, to analyze the impact of this practice on the daily life of citizens. Materials and Methods. The study is based on a structured approach that considers the Soviet economy as a set of complexly organized enclaves. The modular approach can be described as a transition from a general analytical scheme to a set of derived analytical schemes or blocks of a lower degree of generality. A characteristic feature of the NEP – diversity – is an attribute property of the Russian economy, as a result, its study is an urgent task today. The term “way of life” is considered as a scientific category and its potential in the study of the economy of the transition period, including the NEP period. The “scale of patterns” formed by modern economists allows us to study in more detail the problems of the NEP, including the mechanism of functioning of the patterns that unite the most economically active segments of the population. Results. The first, most significant feature of the Petrovsky Fair, as well as all fairs of the present moment, is the composition of firms and organizations that traded at the fair, which immediately changed in comparison with the pre-war time. The main figures and participants of both fairs in Perm turned out to be, due to the current economic situation, state trade enterprises. In second place in terms of turnover is cooperative trade. The size of private capital at the Petrovsky Fair was insignificant. Nevertheless, the unfolding fair trade of both fairs showed the economic power of state and cooperative trade and had a very significant impact on wholesale fair transactions during the Petrovsky Fair. Concluding the review of the results of the Petrovsky Fair, based on the available digital information and conclusions from them, it can be noted with confidence and satisfaction that the experience of the Petrovsky Fair, as the most important factor in the rapprochement of the city with the countryside and the restoration of the national economy, was successful, brought a significant revival of trade turnover and especially the resumption of lost ties and strengthening them. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed provisions and conclusions create prerequisites for further study of trade as a factor in stabilizing the social and political situation in the country.
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Sydykova, Cholpon, Saltanat Mambaeva i Meerim Kinalieva. "The influence of water tourist routes on the Kyrgyz mentality and stereotypes". BIO Web of Conferences 107 (2024): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410704014.
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Throughout history, transport and tourist routes have brought people and their cultures together, promoted socio-economic cooperation, fostered dialogue, strengthened trade relations, and fostered cultural exchange. Therefore, it is important to develop communication that serves as the basis for further relationships. The article attempts to emphasize the importance of in-depth knowledge of cultural stereotypes in the process of close cooperation and communication. To create the article, the descriptive method and component analysis were used.
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Permadi, Iman, Ramadhani Jaka Samudra, Yassar Rizky Putra Utomo i Dina Marga Hidayati. "Al maun and climate crisis: Dynamic between Muhammadiyah and indigenous communities in 21th century". Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 42, nr 1 (2.07.2022): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jid.v42.1.11216.
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Purpose - This paper examines how far the da’wa approach within the body of Muhammadiyah can reinforce the socio-ecological activism in response to indigenous people relating to environmental protection.Method - Gathering analytical-descriptive method and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with key informants and approaching the study case with Ian G. Barbour’s Dialogue and Integration of religion and science (1966)Result - This paper argues that there is a tendency in Muhammadiyah to employ that dialogical and cooperative paradigm when it comes to the vulnerability of inherited land of indigenous people toward land-grabbing and so on by company and government. Moreover, the “green feature” of Muhammdiyah activism becomes stronger after agrarian fiqh was produced by the fatwa and Islamic research council of the central board in 2020. Further, the weak referred to in Al Maun Theology is, in this case, not only the indigenous people but also the defenseless environment. This article also perceives that the equivalent of the da’wa cultural approach of Muhammadiyah is more ecological than the puritan character. It proposes a socio-eco-centric view as an effort to avoid a theological dispute between both Muhammadiyah and indigenous people that is mostly encountered in indigeneity settings and is inseparable from the surrounding nature. However, there will be two consequences in doing that way, of course: between conversion and conservation.Implication – This paper affirms al Maun's yet-to-be-completed and solidified transformative ecological power from the top down and vice versa. Nonetheless, a significant potential in the history of Muhammadiyah's heritage of discussion and inclusion is confirmed by the reflection of the three results above. Agrarian fiqh also contributed to a new understanding that environmental damage is linked to the mustadh’afin group's misery.Originality - This article looks at Al Maun's holistic and universal changing power still has not contributed much, especially to the field of environmental issues and indigenous peoples. However, the main agenda of this article is expected to contribute to gap the discourse.***Tujuan - Tulisan ini mengkaji sejauh mana pendekatan dakwah di tubuh Muhammadiyah dapat memperkuat aktivisme sosial-ekologis dalam merespon masyarakat adat terkait pelestarian lingkungan.Metode - Metode gathering analitis-deskriptif dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan informan kunci dan pendekatan studi kasus dengan Ian G. Barbour's Dialogue and Integration of religion and science (1966)Hasil - Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa ada kecenderungan Muhammadiyah menggunakan paradigma dialogis dan kooperatif tersebut dalam hal kerentanan tanah pusaka masyarakat adat terhadap perampasan tanah dan sebagainya oleh perusahaan dan pemerintah. Terlebih, “fitur hijau” aktivisme Muhammadiyah semakin kuat setelah fiqh agraria dikeluarkan oleh fatwa dan dewan penelitian Islam dewan pusat pada tahun 2020. Selanjutnya, kelemahan yang dimaksud dalam Teologi Al Maun dalam hal ini bukan hanya masyarakat adat tetapi juga lingkungan yang tak berdaya. Artikel ini juga memandang bahwa padanan pendekatan kultural dakwah Muhammadiyah lebih bersifat ekologis daripada karakter puritan. Mengusulkan pandangan sosio-ekosentris sebagai upaya untuk menghindari perselisihan teologis antara Muhammadiyah dan masyarakat adat yang banyak ditemui dalam setting adat dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari alam sekitarnya. Namun, akan ada dua konsekuensi dalam melakukan cara itu, tentu saja: antara konversi dan konservasi.Implikasi – Makalah ini menegaskan kekuatan ekologi transformatif al Maun yang belum selesai dan dipadatkan dari atas ke bawah dan sebaliknya. Meskipun demikian, potensi yang signifikan dalam sejarah warisan diskusi dan inklusi Muhammadiyah ditegaskan oleh refleksi dari tiga hasil di atas. Fiqh agraria juga berkontribusi pada pemahaman baru bahwa kerusakan lingkungan terkait dengan kesengsaraan kelompok mustadh'afin.Orisinalitas - Artikel ini melihat kekuatan perubahan holistik dan universal Al Maun masih belum banyak berkontribusi, terutama di bidang masalah lingkungan dan masyarakat adat. Namun, agenda utama artikel ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada kesenjangan wacana.
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Martinelli, Francesca, Sarah De Heusch, Raffaella Toncelli i Mila Shamku. "Innovative models of cooperative of independent workers for decent work in Europe". Revista Nacional de Administración 13, nr 1 (30.06.2022): e3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/rna.v12i2.3767.
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The socio-economic context is constantly challenging traditional employment relationships while new forms of employment are emerging, with acute risk of precarity for workers. In Europe, some non-standard workers find collective action as a valid alternative to the isolation and experiment solidarity and access to social security thanks to innovative cooperative models. The argument of the research is that the cooperative of independent workers is a viable opportunity to secure the working path of non-standard workers. The research focuses on a multiple case study approach involving three European cooperatives: the Italian Doc Servizi, the European Smart, and the Parisian Coopaname. The analysis of common and different practices among the cooperatives will show how cooperation can mitigate non-standard workers isolation and precariousness, how similar strategies are applied in different European countries, and how legal frameworks influence the operability of cooperative models.
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Miroshnychenko, Oleksandr. "Cooperation between Ukraine and the organization for economic cooperation and development". Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 7, nr 4 (26.12.2022): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2022-4-37.
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The article aims to determine the current and promising directions of cooperation with the OECD for Ukraine at the present stage of socio-economic development, including agriculture. The research was carried out using logical analysis, generalization, and systematization methods. The study analyzes the history of Ukraine's cooperation with the OECD; it was noted that this cooperation is promising for the country in the context of increasing the efficiency of its state administration, reforming the economy and the education system, developing infrastructure and energy efficiency, advancing in the European integration process, etc. The OECD is an essential partner for Ukraine on the way to establishing relations with other international organizations and the state authorities of its member countries. The OECD is crucial for attracting investments and business development in Ukraine (including small and medium-sized enterprises). The study systematizes the main directions of Ukraine's cooperation with the OECD. The main relevant areas of social and economic development of Ukraine, which can be activated thanks to the collaboration with the OECD, include reforms in the field of regulatory policy and transparency of management; improving the quality of education; development of small and medium enterprises; development of infrastructure and energy efficiency; fight against crime related to corruption; exchange of experience and technologies, development of the agricultural sphere. The problems of cooperation between Ukraine and the OECD include insufficient implementation of OECD recommendations and standards; difficulty implementing reforms for joining the OECD; lack of financial resources; insufficient level of awareness and involvement in OECD activities. Determining and understanding the essence of shortcomings in Ukraine's cooperation with the OECD makes it possible to eliminate them and increase the effectiveness of collaboration. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that they can be laid as a basis for further scientific research and used in the development/formalization of the mechanism of interaction between Ukraine and the OECD in the war and post-war period. Keywords: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Ukraine, cooperation, socio-economic development, agriculture.
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Gayle, Curtis Anderson. "Marxian Approaches and Women's History in Early Post-war Japan". Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 19 (10.03.2004): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v19i0.25.
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During the early post-war period Marxian approaches to history in Japan sought to enfranchise women so that they might begin writing their own histories and become participants within the drive toward revolution. History writing was conceived as an existential activity and cultural practice that could help women and the working class become agents of socio-political change. A number of women's history-writing groups found such approaches useful and adapted some of the core methods about history writing originally developed in Marxian approaches between 1945 and 1955. By grounding their approaches to history in terms of 'local' and 'regional' spaces, however, these women's history writing groups would also differentiate their socio-political objectives from those espoused by Marxists concerned with 'national subjectivity' (minzoku jikaku). Instead, through emphasizing the role of inter-class and even inter-gender cooperation within specific representations of the 'local' and 'regional' these groups hoped that such approaches could become models for other women's history-writing groups. This paper will argue that Marxian approaches were both a source of inspiration and difference for such women's history-writing groups in Tokyo, Nagoya and Ehime.
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Gehlen, Boris, i Christian Henrich-Franke. "Unternehmen und medialer Wandel – Skizze eines Forschungsfelds". Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 66, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2020-0032.
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Abstract This article takes up recent approaches in media studies and asks to what extent they can provide impulses for business history. Especially since the beginning of digitalization, individual media have merged into complex media ensembles. Media are therefore increasingly understood as conditions of cooperation and interaction between people, i. e. as socio-technical systems. Picking up on this, the article offers some preliminary thoughts on how this concept of media can be used for future research in business history.
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Karassayev, Ganiy, Serik Seiitman, Bekmurat Naimanbayev, Satay Syzdykov i Raushan Mukhamedjanova. "FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ALASH MOVEMENT’S SOCIO-POLITICAL ACTIVITIES DURING THE CIVIL WAR". Revista Notas Históricas y Geográficas, nr 32 (31.05.2024): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58210/nhyg546.
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The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to expand the amount of available information on the history of socio-political movements during the Civil War in the Russian Empire. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to reveal the essence of the Alash movement in Kazakhstan, its socio-political activities, and the consequences of the Civil War. The method of critical analysis was chosen as the primary approach, which facilitated the effective processing of archival and scientific sources of information, based on which further research was conducted. The following methods of scientific cognition were also used: historical and genetic, historical and system, diachronic analysis, heuristic, synthesis, deduction, and comparison. This study examines the establishment and activities of Alash Autonomy, analyzing archival facts and papers by Kazakh and foreign researchers. It cites eyewitness accounts, explores the political structure, evaluates leaders' actions, and explains intelligence work's consequences. It justifies changes in allies, details Alash-Soviet Russia cooperation, and describes outcomes. The materials of this research paper are of practical value for historical science due to the presented assessment of data on the Alash movement, analysis of scientific literature, observation and discussion presented in this study.
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Stamenovic, Milorad. "Challenges of health care systems and health cooperatives in international and national context". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, nr 178 (2021): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2178225s.
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This paper presents different models of health systems in the world as well as selected important challenges that they face. Also, the paper presents historical and modern concepts of development of health cooperatives in selected countries, including the Republic of Serbia. Observing the long-term sustainability of different models of health systems, certain weaknesses are pointed out, but also the significant role of health cooperatives in these systems over time, both in the international and national context. A view of the work of health cooperatives during the COVID-19 pandemic in selected countries is presented with examples of innovations in organizational terms that health cooperatives have applied in order to increase efficiency and to respond to business and health challenges posed by the pandemic. A potential answer to the presented weaknesses of health systems is to consider establishing and strengthening health cooperatives, having in mind their role in those systems throughout history, with special reference to the Republic of Serbia where health cooperatives were founded during the 19th century. However, although Serbian health cooperatives were a model for the development of health cooperatives in the world, since 1949 health cooperatives in Serbia are almost non-existent. Following the genesis of the development of these organizations and their modern role in societies around the world, the conclusions indicate the flexibility and resilience of health cooperatives to adapt to new socio-economic conditions, innovation of these organizations shown over time, importance and contribution to societies during their history and during the emerging pandemic. Also, the need for a change in public policies is pointed out, which would enable the establishment of a larger number of health cooperatives in the Republic of Serbia in response to the growing challenges of the health system, following the example of the world.
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Tyshchyk, Borys, i Anna Kishko. "ІСТОРІЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВИХ КАНАДСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН (XIX СТ. – ПОЧАТОК XXI СТ.)". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, nr 78 (20.06.2024): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2024.78.048.
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The article is devoted to characterizing the history of socio-legal relations between Canada and Ukraine from the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The relationship between these two countries has a rich and complex past that has influenced their current relationship. One of the central problems that arises when studying the history of socio-legal Canadian-Ukrainian relations is the understanding of the influence of historical events, political developments and socio-cultural factors on the formation of these relations during various stages of their development, which is described in detail in the article. Recent research and publications in the history of international relations and international law highlight various aspects of the interaction between Canada and Ukraine. They examine the political, economic, and sociocultural factors that influenced these relationships during specific historical periods. The article describes the dynamics and state of development of socio-legal relations between Canada and Ukraine over the past 130 years. Key aspects of cooperation between these countries are highlighted, focusing on their mutual influence, shared values and contemporary challenges. Special attention is paid to joint actions of the public in Canada in support of Ukraine in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The positive development of relations is emphasized, as well as problematic aspects that need attention. The belief is expressed that Canada and Ukraine continue to grow closer and cooperate as reliable allies in the international arena. The importance of legal exchange and cooperation for the development of democratic values and human rights in both countries is also analyzed. It is concluded that Canada's support is an important factor in ensuring the territorial integrity of Ukraine and the further development of its state potential. The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize the main stages of the development of socio-legal Canadian-Ukrainian relations from the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. In addition, we seek to find out the influence of historical events and socio-cultural factors on the formation of these relations. This article examines the development and current state of socio-legal relations between Canada and Ukraine, taking into account the historical context and contemporary realities. Considerable attention is paid to the importance of Canada's role as one of the first and most active countries supporting Ukraine after the Russian invasion, in particular, noting that the total amount of Canadian financial assistance exceeds 7 billion Canadian dollars by the beginning of 2024. The mutually beneficial bilateral relations caused by the presence of a large Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, which has a significant influence on the formation of the foreign and domestic policies of both countries, is analyzed in detail. The role of Ukrainians in Canada in the development of cultural and spiritual potential, as well as cooperation between organizations of both countries, is highlighted. Special attention is paid to Canada's inclusion in international organizations and participation in international conflicts, where Canada acts as an active participant. Canada's role as one of the first states to recognize Ukraine's independence and establish diplomatic relations is emphasized, which contributed to the development of friendly relations between the countries. The importance of signed agreements and memoranda of understanding in various areas, such as trade, technical and military cooperation, and mutual legal assistance, is noted. Finally, it is emphasized that Canada remains an important partner for Ukraine in the international arena, supporting it in various aspects of development and creating favorable conditions for cooperation. This article reflects the relevance and significance of socio-legal relations between Canada and Ukraine and emphasizes their positive impact on both societies and the development of international cooperation. Keywords: Canada, international relations, migration, diaspora, Canadian culture.
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Krasnopolski, Boris. "On the History of International Socio-Economic Relations of the Arctic Regions and Thirty-Year Anniversary of the «Northern Forum»". Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, nr 1 (16.03.2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2020.21(1).7-28.
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The research is a journey into a history of relatively recent establishment and development of international relations and cooperation of the Arctic regions of our country and the world. Thaw in relations between the Soviet Union taken place in the 80s of the last century and other countries affected the development of the territories of the states members of the well-known international Arctic Council, as well as a number of other countries with political and economic interests in the Arctic. This thaw created the basis for the creation of the Northern Forum in 1991, an international non-political organization of regional governors, which expressed the ambitions of the countries of the North and Arctic regions to develop international cooperation. In 2021, this organization will celebrate its 30th anniversary. Its creation is directly related to an active role of Walter J. Hickel (Wally J. Hickel), who in those years was the governor of Alaska (USA). He got elected twice to the office of governor and put enormous business and personal efforts into the creation of the Northern Forum. Unfortunately, in recent years the ability of the Forum to support and strengthen international sustainable socio-economic development in the Arctic region has substantially decreased. Despite the great efforts of the Forum secretariat, which is now located in Yakutsk, its role is declining, which is apparently caused by the growth of political and economic confrontations between the leading Arctic countries. The author puts forward his perspectives on the increasing role of the Northern Forum in the international cooperation of the Arctic countries in the light of new initiatives.