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1
Conversations with my agent. New York: Dutton, 1997.
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Long, Rob. Conversations with my agent. London: Faber and Faber, 1996.
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Perez-Marin, Diana. Conversational agents and natural language interaction: Techniques and effective practices. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2011.
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Agents secrets: Le public dans la construction interactive de la représentation théâtrale. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala Universitet, 2002.
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Stivers, Tanya. Prescribing under pressure: Patient-physician conversations and antibiotics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007.
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Perfect phrases for real estate agents & brokers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
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Archer, Margaret S. Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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Archer, Margaret S. Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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Conversational Informatics: An Engineering Approach (Wiley Series in Agent Technology). Wiley, 2008.
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Communication in Multiagent Systems: Agent Communication Languages and Conversation Policies (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 2003.
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McKenna, Michael. Power, Social Inequities, and the Conversational Theory of Moral Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609610.003.0002.
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According to the conversational theory, moral responsibility is essentially interpersonal and communicative. Indeed, it is not only communicative; it has a conversational dimension. On the conversational theory, an agent’s actions—those that are candidates for blameworthiness or praiseworthiness—are potential bearers of meaning, where meaning is a function of the quality of an agent’s will. This meaning is analogous to the meaning a competent speaker conveys when she engages in conversation. Call this “agent meaning.” Like speaker meaning, agent meaning can be affected by the interpretive framework whereby others interpret the meaning of an agent’s actions. One aspect of the conversational theory that remains unexplored is how asymmetrical power-dynamics, especially resulting from social inequities, shape the interpretive framework that in turn influences the context in which morally responsible agents act. This chapter explores this topic and thereby exposes an unpalatable side to the nature of our moral responsibility practices.
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Long, Rob. Conversations avec mon agent. Actes Sud, 1999.
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Cassell, Justine, Joseph Sullivan, Scott Prevost i Elizabeth F. Churchill, red. Embodied Conversational Agents. The MIT Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2697.001.0001.
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Churchill, Elizabeth F., Justine Cassell, Joseph Sullivan i Scott Prevost. Embodied Conversational Agents. MIT Press, 2000.
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1960-, Cassell Justine, red. Embodied conversational agents. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2000.
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Sher, George. Responsibility, Conversation, and Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660413.003.0009.
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It is natural to suppose that we should hold agents responsible for their acts when and because they are in fact responsible. However, inspired by Strawson’s landmark essay “Freedom and Resentment,” a number of philosophers have recently sought to reverse this ordering, arguing that agents are responsible when and because we do or should hold them responsible. In his book Conversation and Responsibility, Michael McKenna has tried to strike a middle ground between these views by exploiting an analogy between the ways in which we respond to wrongdoers (and the ways they respond to our responses) and the different moves in an unfolding conversation. The current chapter examines this analogy with an eye to clarifying the role that conventions and shared expectations play in the different stages of a responsibility exchange. Although the analogy is highly suggestive, the chapter argues that it does not support McKenna’s conclusion.
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Pelachaud, Catherine, i Zsofia Ruttkay. From Brows to Trust: Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents. Ruttkay Zsofia Pelachaud Catherine, 2011.
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Shuy, Roger W. Undercover Agents Use Deceptive Ambiguity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0005.
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Undercover operations are deceptive by definition. First, the speech event is camouflaged so that the targets believe it is very different from what it really is. This misunderstanding of the speech event creates conflicting schemas, often enabling the agents to manipulate the targets’ agendas, to reinterpret the meaning of the speech acts used by both, to use ambiguous conversational strategies to persuade the targets to agree with the agent’s propositions, and to misinterpret the targets’ words to suit the prosecution’s case. This chapter reprises the FBI undercover investigations of US Senator Harrison A. Williams, automobile manufacturer John Z. DeLorean, and the IRS investigation of an individual taxpayer named Vernon Sligh. It also demonstrates how the undercover agents used deceptive ambiguity in their techniques of producing a misleading record of language evidence that was favorable to the prosecution and unfavorable to the targets.
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Shuy, Roger W. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the important concepts of intentionality, ambiguity, deception, institutional power, and the discourse context in the context of the Inverted Pyramid approach in order to reveal the deceptive ambiguity used by police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants in the fifteen criminal cases described in the following chapters. The Inverted Pyramid is a heuristic for analyzing continuous conversation. This chapter introduces and defines the elements of the Inverted Pyramid, noting that it is most useful to begin analysis of criminal case language evidence with the largest language element, the speech event, followed in descending order with the increasingly smaller language elements of the participants’ schemas, their individual agendas (as revealed by topics and responses), their speech acts, conversational strategies used by law representatives of the government, and the lexicon and grammar, which is the language element in which the alleged smoking gun evidence commonly is thought to reside).
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(Editor), Zsófia Ruttkay, i Catherine Pelachaud (Editor), red. From Brows to Trust: Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents (Human-Computer Interaction Series). Springer, 2005.
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Prescribing under Pressure: Parent-Physician Conversations and Antibiotics. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2011.
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Perfect Phrases for Real Estate Agents & Brokers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
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Prescribing under Pressure: Parent-Physician Conversations and Antibiotics (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics). Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.
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Honig, Dan. Delegation and Control Revisited. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672454.003.0008.
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This chapter traces the relationship between political authorizing environments, international development organization (IDO) management, and IDO field agents, drawing on the empirics presented in chapters 6 and 7. It digs into the experience of working for USAID as compared to DFID. It also extends the discussion of delegation to implementing contractors and brings this book’s theorizing of Navigation by Judgment into conversation with other foreign aid solutions aimed at incorporating local knowledge, such as establishing country offices or ensuring projects have country ownership. This chapter connects Part II’s empirics more tightly to the mechanisms theorized in Part I , particularly the role of authorizing environment insecurity and the need to “manage up” (Chapter 4) and their implications for the workplace experience of agents (Chapter 3) and the entry and exit of personnel.
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Pereira, Erlândia Silva, i Rogério de Melo Costa Pinto. Rodas de Conversa Dialógicas: O processo de criação de uma metodologia de investigação e intervenção em saúde. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-198-1.
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The present research constitutes as a research-intervention carried out with Control Agents of Zoonoses (CCZ) - Dengue Control Program. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention of the Dialogical Conversation Wheels for refinement of the perception of Quality of Life of these workers. In the midst of this, the variations of the perception of the Quality of Life by the participants when inserted in the Wheels are identified. For that, the WHOQOL-bref instrument is used to collect quantitative data related to the Quality of Life of the research subjects, and the Dialogical Conversation Wheels as a tool for collecting qualitative data and also as a mediating space between the questionnaire and the workers. The methodology used thus involves both the quantitative and content analysis of these data, as well as an analysis of the workers' discourse from their speeches in the Dialogical Conversation Wheels, in which the researcher appropriates a Freirean look to carry out the discussion, which presents the speech of the participants of the Wheels itself in an elucidatory and explanatory way. . From the analysis of the four domains evaluated by the WHOQOL-breaf: Physical, Psychological, Social and Environmental, what can be perceived about the differences of scores (percentage) between the moments of the research, is, firstly, that there is a significant change in the perception of QV between at least two of the moments, which is expressed between moments 0 and 1, with the realization of five wheels between them.The main result that can be perceived concerns the fact that the Dialogical Conversation Wheel fulfills its objective, as the aspects related to quality of life are discussed, the return to the questionnaire is carried out in a more reflective way, in which the instrument itself can approach the reality of these people. It is also explicit that it is not any group that allows us to refine the perception about quality of life, since the Wheel of Dialogic Conversation is organized in such a way as to provide reception, encounters / confrontations of the subjects with the other, in a singular way, with himself, facing the stagnation and the massification of his daily life to denaturalize what is constructed as his life.
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Kölbel, Andrea. In Search of a Future. Redaktor Meenakshi Thapan. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190124519.001.0001.
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In a conversation about youth agency, the most common discourses that come up are of acts of liberation, resistance, and deviance. However, this perspective is fairly narrow and runs the risk of reinforcing pervasive and often polarizing depictions of youth. In order to broaden the understanding of young people’s collective actions and their potential social implications, it is necessary to ask: What types of agency do young people demonstrate? This book aims to scrutinize some of the conceptual ideas that underlie prevalent visions of youth as agents of social change and as a source of hope for a better future. As a part of the Education and Society in South Asia series, it provides insightful accounts of students’ daily routines on and around a public university campus in Kathmandu, Nepal, and calls attention to a group of non-elite university students who have remained less visible in scholarly and public debates about student activism, youth unemployment, and international migration. By placing different strands of literature on youth, aspiration, and mobility into conversation, In Search of a Future unveils new and important perspectives on how young people navigate competing social expectations, educational inequalities, and limited job prospects.
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Bosse, Joanna. Interlude. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039010.003.0002.
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In this interlude, the author describes the events of a typical Friday night social dance at the Regent Ballroom and Banquet Center by sharing her own experience. She narrates how dancers greet each other warmly and tell stories of their week as they change into their dance shoes. The dancers then head to the dance hall. The early minutes of the dance exude a quiet romance not only reserved for newlyweds. The Friday night ballroom dance is date night for many couples in attendance. The author mentions Sylvia, a real estate agent with two adult children, and her husband Jimmy. The two met at the Regent and continue to dance weekly. Their conversations, as well as those of their fellow couples, are littered with loving glances, small gestures of affectionate intimacy, and the kind of good-natured ribbing only spouses can perpetrate. Eventually the room will be filled with 150 or so dancing bodies. Through dancing, they routinely inhabit each other's personal space.
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Albaugh, Ericka A., i Kathryn M. de Luna. Toward an Interdisciplinary Perspective on Language Movement and Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0001.
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This chapter begins the multidisciplinary conversation that will continue through the volume, beginning with the perspectives of political science and history on language movement and change. Political scientists view language alternatively through the lens of policy, as a variable affecting other outcomes, as a product of history and individual choice, or as a normative right. Historians view language as an entity and an identity, as well as a repertoire of speech and belonging. These varying but intersecting approaches demonstrate that adopting an interdisciplinary perspective forces scholars to hold multiple views at the same time: language as an object and a subject for research, speakers as victims and agents, and language as fixed and fragmented. The volume is organized around this latter tension. Common themes that run through the volume are the counting of data, the construction of boundaries, the pace of change, and the impact of power.
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Fye, W. Bruce. President Roosevelt’s Secret Hypertensive Heart Disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0007.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt’s health was a factor in the 1944 election. Presidential press secretary Stephen Early and White House physician Ross McIntire worried that Thomas Dewey might win if voters learned that Roosevelt had severe hypertension and had an episode of congestive heart failure. Three weeks before the election, Mayo cardiologist Arlie Barnes visited the Bethesda Naval Medical Center where he learned that some physicians suspected that Roosevelt had a “serious heart ailment.” When Barnes returned to Rochester he mentioned this to a few friends. Word of this conversation reached Early, and FBI agents interrogated Barnes and other Mayo physicians two weeks before the election. During the campaign’s closing days, White House insiders orchestrated events designed to showcase a healthy commander in chief. Stifling rumors about Roosevelt’s health was part of their strategy to defeat Dewey. Less than three months into his fourth term, Roosevelt had a stroke and died.
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Shuy, Roger W. Deceptive Ambiguity in Language Elements of the Inverted Pyramid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0008.
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This chapter provides an overview of the uses of deceptive ambiguity by representatives of the government, including police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants. The chapter summarizes the findings of the preceding chapters under the six categories of speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, conversational strategies, and lexicon/grammar. These language elements make up what is referred to here as the Inverted Pyramid, a sequential approach to analyzing language evidence that is used by representatives of the government during their criminal investigations, hearings, and trials. These six language elements, when viewed as a whole, range from larger language units to smaller ones and provide the discourse context in which the government’s perceptions of smoking gun evidence must be seen.
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Isaac, Alistair M. C., i Will Bridewell. White Lies on Silver Tongues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652951.003.0011.
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It is easy to see that social robots will need the ability to detect and evaluate deceptive speech; otherwise they will be vulnerable to manipulation by malevolent humans. More surprisingly, we argue that effective social robots must also be able to produce deceptive speech. Many forms of technically deceptive speech perform a positive pro-social function, and the social integration of artificial agents will be possible only if they participate in this market of constructive deceit. We demonstrate that a crucial condition for detecting and producing deceptive speech is possession of a theory of mind. Furthermore, strategic reasoning about deception requires identifying a type of goal distinguished by its priority over the norms of conversation, which we call an ulterior motive. We argue that this goal is the appropriate target for ethical evaluation, not the veridicality of speech per se. Consequently, deception-capable robots are compatible with the most prominent programs to ensure that robots behave ethically.
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Shuy, Roger W. Prosecutors Use Deceptive Ambiguity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0004.
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Since prosecution speech events are conducted in the presence of judges and defense attorneys, prosecutors must use more subtle ways of being ambiguously deceptive. In the perjury hearing of union agent Steven Suyat, the prosecutor’s ambiguity converted the speech event of using Suyat as his own witness against other union members into an indictment against Suyat, then used deceptive ambiguity about Suyat’s schema for why he was testifying, conversational strategies for eliciting what appeared to be guilt, and meanings of words that were not shared by Suyat. In the murder trial of Larry Gentry, his prosecutor created ambiguity about Gentry’s concept of the speech event and schema of why he was involved, finally reinterpreting Gentry’s words to make him appear guilty of aiding and abetting. The grand jury hearing of Father Joseph Sica illustrates the prosecutor’s deceptive ambiguity relating to the speech event and schemas, but especially to his reinterpretation of Sica’s words.
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Shuy, Roger W. Cooperating Witnesses Use Deceptive Ambiguity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0006.
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Cooperating witness are individuals who replace agents in undercover operations, often because they are con men who the police have caught in a crime, are believable experts about how the crime works, and expect to receive lighter sentences for their cooperation with law enforcement. This chapter describes three investigations in which the cooperating witnesses used deceptive ambiguity by misrepresenting the speech events that led to conflicting schemas about what they were doing, by manipulating and reinterpreting the targets’ agendas and speech acts, by using ambiguous conversational strategies to persuade the targets to accept their propositions, and by misinterpreting the targets’ words, all to the advantage of the prosecution. The cooperating witnesses’ use of deceptive ambiguity is illustrated in the FBI’s investigations of oil millionaire T. Cullen Davis, successful military armor manufacturer Yochanan Cohen, and Ohio citizen Marwan El-Hindi’s investigation for planning to create a terrorist cell in Toledo.
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Shuy, Roger W. Deceptive Ambiguity by Police and Prosecutors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.001.0001.
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Much is written about how criminal suspects, defendants, and undercover targets use ambiguous language in their interactions with police, prosecutors, and undercover agents. This book examines the other side of the coin, describing fifteen criminal investigations demonstrating how police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants use deceptive ambiguity with their subjects, which leads to misrepresentations of the speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar. These misrepresentations affect the perceptions of judges and juries about the subjects’ motives, predispositions, intentions, and voluntariness. Deception is commonly considered intentional while ambiguity is often excused as unintentional performance errors. Although perhaps overreliance on Grice’s maxim of sincerity leads some to believe this, interactions of suspects, defendants, and targets with representatives of law are adversarial, non-cooperative events that enable participants to ignore or violate the cooperative principle. One effective way the government does this is to use ambiguity deceptively. Later listeners to the recordings of such conversations may not recognize this ambiguity and react in ways that the subjects may not have intended. Deceptive ambiguity is clearly intentional in undercover operations and the case examples illustrate that the practice also is alive and well in police interviews and prosecutorial questioning. The book concludes with a summary of how the deceptive ambiguity used by representatives of the government affected the perception of the subjects’ predisposition, intentionality and voluntariness, followed by a comparison of the relative frequency of deceptive ambiguity used by the government in its representations of speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar.
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Womack, Deanna Ferree. Protestants, Gender and the Arab Renaissance in Late Ottoman Syria. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474436717.001.0001.
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The Ottoman Syrians - residents of modern Syria and Lebanon during the Ottoman Empire - formed the first Arabic-speaking Evangelical Church in the region. Protestants, Gender and the Arab Renaissance in Late Ottoman Syria offers a fresh narrative of the encounters of this minority Protestant community with American Presbyterian missionaries, Eastern churches and Muslims at the height of the Nahda (or Arab renaissance), from 1860 to 1915. Drawing on rare Arabic publications, the book challenges histories that focus on Western male actors. Instead it shows that Syrian Protestant women and men were agents of their own history who sought the salvation and modernization of Syria while adapting and challenging missionary teachings. These pioneers included scholars, poets, novelists, activists, school teachers, Protestant pastors, evangelistic preachers, Biblewomen, and public speakers. Such Syrian Protestants established a critical link between evangelical religiosity and the socio-cultural currents of the Nahda, making possible the literary and educational achievements of the American Syria Mission and transforming Syrian society in ways that still endure today. Locating Syrian Protestant narratives within American, Ottoman, and global histories, this book brings Middle Eastern Studies into conversation with the field of World Christianity and explores questions of American-Arab relations and gender roles in the Islamic world.
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Lecky, Katarzyna. Pocket Maps and Public Poetry in the English Renaissance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834694.001.0001.
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If maps are instruments of power, then it matters that in Renaissance Britain they were often found in the pockets of ordinary people. Pocket Maps and Public Poetry in the English Renaissance demonstrates how early modern British poets paid by the state adapted inclusive modes of nationhood charted by inexpensive, small-format maps. It places chapbooks (“cheapbooks”) by Edmund Spenser, Samuel Daniel, Ben Jonson, William Davenant, and John Milton into conversation with the portable cartography circulating in the same retail print industry. Domestic pocket maps were designed for heavy use by a broad readership that included those on the fringes of literacy. The era’s de facto laureates all banked their success as writers appealing to this burgeoning market share by drawing the nation as the property of the commonwealth rather than the Crown. This book investigates the accessible world of small-format cartography as it emerges in the texts of the poets raised in the expansive public sphere in which pocket maps flourished. It works at the intersections of space, place, and national identity to reveal the geographical imaginary shaping the flourishing business of cheap print. Its placement of poetic economies within mainstream systems of trade also demonstrates how cartography and poetry worked together to mobilize average consumers as political agents. This everyday form of geographic poiesis was also a strong platform for poets writing for monarchs and magistrates when their visions of the nation ran counter to the interests of the government.
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Henning, Tim. From a Rational Point of View. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797036.001.0001.
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When we discuss normative reasons, oughts, requirements of rationality, hypothetical imperatives (or “anankastic conditionals”), motivating reasons, or weakness and strength of will, we often use verbs like “believe” and “want” to capture a relevant subject’s perspective. According to the received view, what these verbs do is describe the subject’s mental states. Many puzzles concerning normative discourse have to do with the role that mental states consequently appear to play in this discourse. This book uses tools from formal semantics and the philosophy of language to develop an alternative account of sentences involving these verbs. According to this view, called parentheticalism in honour of J. O. Urmson, we very commonly use these verbs in a parenthetical sense. Clauses with these verbs thereby express backgrounded side-remarks on the contents they embed, and these latter, embedded contents constitute the at-issue contents of our utterances. Thus, instead of speaking about the subject’s mental states, we often use sentences involving “believe” and “want” to speak about the world in a way that, in the conversational background, relates our utterances to her point of view. This idea is made precise and used to solve various puzzles concerning normative discourse. The result is a new, unified understanding of normative discourse, which does not postulate conceptual breaks between objective and subjective normative reasons, or normative reasons and rationality, or indeed between the reasons we ascribe to an agent and the reasons she herself can be expected to cite.
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Auyero, Javier, i Katherine Sobering. The Ambivalent State. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190915537.001.0001.
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Over the past few decades, debates about policing in poor urban areas have shifted from analyzing the state’s neglect and abandonment to documenting its harsh interventions and punishing presence. Most of this research has focused on the overt actions and inactions of the state. Yet we know very little about the covert world of state action that is hidden from public view. The Ambivalent State offers an unprecedented look into the clandestine relationships between police officers and drug dealers in Argentina. Drawing on a unique combination of ethnographic research and documentary evidence, including hundreds of pages of wiretapped phone conversations, sociologists Javier Auyero and Katherine Sobering analyze the inner workings of “police-criminal collusion” and its connections to drug markets and the depacification of daily life. Through rich descriptions of the actual clandestine interactions between drug dealers and police, they argue that an up-close examination of covert state action exposes the workings of an “ambivalent state”: one that enforces the rule of law while at the same time and in the same place functions as a partner to what it defines as criminal behavior. The Ambivalent State develops a political sociology of violence that focuses on not only what takes place in police stations, criminal courts, and poor neighborhoods, but also the clandestine actions and interactions of police agents, judges, and politicians that structure daily life at the urban margins. By way of empirical demonstration, the book makes an urgent call for scholars to incorporate clandestine action into understandings of the state.
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Majumdar, Anindita. Transnational Commercial Surrogacy and the (Un)Making of Kin in India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474363.001.0001.
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Billed as an emerging transnational industry, the commercial surrogacy arrangement is more than mere commerce. It involves the birth of kin and relationships that include cross-cultural dialogues and conflicts between forms of reproduction and birthing. The process of making kin is fraught with different forms of negotiations regarding biology, nurture, pregnancy, and parenthood. This book engages with the idea of emerging forms of families and meanings of kinship in a transnational world through ethnographic research, kinship, gender studies, and science and technology studies. The ethnography draws from a context that is enmeshed in the local–global politics of reproduction, and the engaging and ongoing debate regarding ethics and morality in the sphere of reproductive rights. Drawing from conversations with foreign couples coming to India to hire Indian surrogates through Indian fertility clinics, lawmakers, and clinicians, this book looks at the politics of foreign gay couples seeking families through surrogacy in India, identity giving processes to the babies born to foreign couples, the clinicians understanding of kinship, the networks of commerce and agents, and the ways in which the surrogate and her husband positions itself within the arrangement. The mapping of transnational commercial surrogacy in its processual, dynamic representation—from the choice of the arrangement, to the pregnancy and finally to the birth of the child—is done in broad stages. This book aims to present an important ethnographic picture of a complicated, controversial practice such as commercial surrogacy by focusing on its relevance for kinship and our understanding of interpersonal relationships at large.