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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Conventional One Cycle Control (C-OCC)"
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Moghbelli, Hassan, Abolfazl Halvaei Niasar i Ehsan Boloor Kashani. "Acoustic Noise Reduction of BLDC Motor Drive Using One-Cycle Current Control Strategy". Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (grudzień 2014): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.385.
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Torque ripple and resulted acoustic noise and vibration are the main disadvantages of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives. In this study, One-Cycle Control (OCC) is developed for current regulation of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive as a unified constant-frequency integration control strategy. Employing one-cycle control strategy reduces high frequency torque ripple of conventional hysteresis current controllers leading to lower acoustic noise and vibration in the drive. To enhance reliability and reducing drive cost, an improved rotor position estimation technique is implemented. OCC strategy and sensorless method are realized using a low-cost general-purpose AVR microcontroller (Atmega8). It is shown that torque ripple, acoustic noise and vibration are reduced via OCC method comparing to conventional hysteresis control strategy. Computer simulations and experimental results with a 375W, 16 poles BLDC motor, demonstrate improved behavior of developed sensorless BLDC drive operation.
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Karaarslan, Ahmet, i Ali Shaibu. "Performance Analysis and Comparison of Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter Using PI, OCC, and Hybrid OCC-PI Control". Journal of Electrical Technology UMY 6, nr 2 (10.11.2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jet.v6i2.15756.
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The study compares and analyses the performance of the one-cycle control (OCC), hybrid one-cycle-proportional integral control (OCC-PI), and the conventional PI control method applied to the non-inverting buck-boost converter. The hybrid OCC-PI control method combines the OCC and PI control techniques to provide a hybrid non-linear closed-loop control technique for regulating the buck-boost converter. The MATLAB/Simulink equivalent system model was simulated with design parameter variations using a wide input voltage range of 9 – 36 V, a nominal output voltage of 28 V, and a fixed switching frequency of 250 kHz to validate the control response speed, reliability, and robustness of the proposed control technique. The simulation results due to input voltage, output voltage, and load variations were carried out whiles recording the settling time, overshoots, efficiency, output voltage, and inductor current ripples due to each applied control technique. The simulation results indicated that the Hybrid OCC-PI control provides better response speed and a lower output voltage overshoot relative to the PI. It also provides better reference voltage tracking compared to the OCC control method.
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Baldwin Immanuel, T., P. Muthukumar, C. Gnanavel, M. Rajavelan i M. Marimuthu. "Transformer less 1Φ Inverter for Grid-Connected PV Systems with an Optimized Control". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 3.34 (1.09.2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.18968.
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This paper investigates the transformerless single-phase inverter incorporates with the photovoltaic system along with the support of grid voltage. Solar Energy is a Non-Conventional Energy source which is mandatory for power generation due to their immeasurable parade and green pleasant nature. One-cycle control (OCC), Ruggedness and consistency which makes the interfacing with the grid easily. For grid interfacing, the inverter circuit does not need phase locked loop facility and are gradually being working for such solicitations. The strategy of the OCC inverter of one stage for solar PV applications is supported by means of a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation to enhance inverter enactment at both low and high insolation levels. These factors allows the plan of a MPPT along P&O controller that pointedly progresses inverter playacting. Though, the OCC-based structures testified previous sensing of the grid voltage which slightly equalizers the strength of its characteristics, In order to dazed the restriction of prior researches, an One Cycle Control based grid-connected one-stage PV system is suggested. The sustainability of the suggested scheme is inveterate by performance simulation justification.
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Wang, Cong, Jinqi Liu, Hong Cheng, Yuan Zhuang i Zhihao Zhao. "A Modified One-Cycle Control for Vienna Rectifiers with Functionality of Input Power Factor Regulation and Input Current Distortion Mitigation". Energies 12, nr 17 (2.09.2019): 3375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173375.
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In this paper, aiming at incorporating reactive power compensation functionality into the Vienna rectifiers, a modified one-cycle-control (MOCC) strategy is proposed by which the three-phase Vienna rectifier can be regulated in leading, lagging or unity power factors with near-sinusoidal input current waveform. First, a brief review of the working principle of the conventional OCC (COCC) strategy is conducted. Then, the MOCC strategy with the functionality of input current phase-shift control is discussed in detail. To mitigate input current distortion caused by the current phase-shift, a method whereby the signal of one phase current which is flowing in an uncontrollable region is injected into the other two phases’ current command signals is further presented. The constraints to the implementation of the MOCC scheme and the reactive power compensation capacity of the rectifier under MOCC control are analyzed as well. The proposed MOCC strategy is as easy to implement as the COCC strategy. Moreover, the MOCC strategy also preserves all other advantages of the COCC strategy, such as no phase-locked loop, no frame transformation and constant switching frequency. Finally, the theoretical analysis of the proposed MOCC strategy is fully verified by simulation and experimental results from a 1 kV·A three-phase Vienna rectifier prototype.
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Shankar, T., N. Venugopal Rao, Snigdha Gowd, Syed Tauqheer Ahmed, V. Vinod i M. Vikas Goud. "A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: An in vitro Study". Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, nr 6 (2012): 842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1240.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base clamped by the conventional method and by new-press technique and cured by long curing cycle. Materials and methods In this study, a total of 60 standardized maxillary record bases were fabricated with seven reference points as follows: • Point A Incisive papilla, • Point B and C Canine region on either side • Point E and G Midpoint of tuberosities on either side • Point F Midpoint of the line joining the two tuberosities • Point D Midpoint between the line joining A and F Group A Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by conventional clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. Group A’ Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by New Press or RS tension clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. The distances between the reference points, i.e. A-B, A-C, A-D, D-F, B-E, C-G, E-F, F-G, B-D, D-G, C-D, D-E of all three thermoplastic denture base plates were measured and recorded with the help of travelling microscope and were used for comparison with the measured and recorded readings of processed acrylic denture bases. The data obtained was analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance and HSD Multiple Comparison Test. Results The overall results of the study indicate that among all the denture bases cured by the two clamping systems and the long curing cycle, group A‘ were the most dimensionally stable, followed by control group A. Conclusion The study concluded that the denture bases fabricated by the New Press method using the long curing cycle would produce the most dimensionally stable denture bases. How to cite this article Shankar T, Gowd S, Ahmed ST, Vinod V, Goud MV, Rao NV. A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):842-849.
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Adelstein, David J., Yi Li, George L. Adams, Henry Wagner, Julie A. Kish, John F. Ensley, David E. Schuller i Arlene A. Forastiere. "An Intergroup Phase III Comparison of Standard Radiation Therapy and Two Schedules of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, nr 1 (1.01.2003): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.01.008.
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Purpose: The Head and Neck Intergroup conducted a phase III randomized trial to test the benefit of adding chemotherapy to radiation in patients with unresectable squamous cell head and neck cancer. Patients and Methods: Eligible patients were randomly assigned between arm A (the control), single daily fractionated radiation (70 Gy at 2 Gy/d); arm B, identical radiation therapy with concurrent bolus cisplatin, given on days 1, 22, and 43; and arm C, a split course of single daily fractionated radiation and three cycles of concurrent infusional fluorouracil and bolus cisplatin chemotherapy, 30 Gy given with the first cycle and 30 to 40 Gy given with the third cycle. Surgical resection was encouraged if possible after the second chemotherapy cycle on arm C and, if necessary, as salvage therapy on all three treatment arms. Survival data were compared between each experimental arm and the control arm using a one-sided log-rank test. Results: Between 1992 and 1999, 295 patients were entered on this trial. This did not meet the accrual goal of 362 patients and resulted in premature study closure. Grade 3 or worse toxicity occurred in 52% of patients enrolled in arm A, compared with 89% enrolled in arm B (P < .0001) and 77% enrolled in arm C (P < .001). With a median follow-up of 41 months, the 3-year projected overall survival for patients enrolled in arm A is 23%, compared with 37% for arm B (P = .014) and 27% for arm C (P = not significant). Conclusion: The addition of concurrent high-dose, single-agent cisplatin to conventional single daily fractionated radiation significantly improves survival, although it also increases toxicity. The loss of efficacy resulting from split-course radiation was not offset by either multiagent chemotherapy or the possibility of midcourse surgery.
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Yosaf, Salem, i Hasan Ozcan. "Effect of Ejector Location in Absorption Refrigeration Cycles Using Different Binary Working Fluids". International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, nr 01 (marzec 2019): 1950003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500032.
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In this study, three novel modifications of ejector-absorption refrigeration cycles (E-ARC) are investigated to evaluate the effect of ejector location on cycle performances. In the first modification (triple pressure level absorption refrigeration cycle TPL-ARC), the ejector is located at the evaporator inlet. In the second modification (double ejector absorption refrigeration cycle DE-ARC), two ejectors are used; one is located at the evaporator inlet and the other at the absorber inlet, which are coupled to each other. In the third modification (low pressure condenser absorption refrigeration cycle LPC-ARC), the steam ejector is installed at the downstream of the vapor generator discharging line. An additional flow splitter is integrated to the steam ejector outlet and part of the vapor is extracted and returned to the absorber at a pressure equal to the diffuser pressure. Effect of ejector location on thermodynamic performances are evaluated considering three different working fluids, namely ammonia–water solution (NH3–H2O), lithium bromide-water solution (H2O–LiBr), and lithium chloride–water solution (H2O–LiCl). Even though all three configurations enhance the conventional absorption refrigeration cycle (C-ARC) performances, the LPC-ARCs work at high temperature and improve the cycle performance. The TPL-ARC proves to improve the COP and exergy efficiency up to 9.14% and 7.61%, respectively, presenting the highest thermodynamic performance enhancement and lowest operating temperature.
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Lorente Rubio, Carlos, Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz, Juan Carlos Sáenz-Diez Muro, Eduardo Martínez-Cámara, Agostino Bruzzone i Julio Blanco-Fernández. "Environmental Impact Comparison of Geothermal Alternatives for Conventional Boiler Replacement". Energies 15, nr 21 (1.11.2022): 8163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218163.
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In the transition towards a sustainable world with a “green horizon” (something that is also of great importance to the policy of energy self-sufficiency in housing and self-consumption), geothermal energy is seen as quite a feasible alternative for single-family homes. This article focuses on a comparison between the environmental impact and life cycle analysis of three alternatives and provides a base case for the replacement of a conventional type of boiler with a geothermal one for a typical house located in a Mediterranean climate. The first alternative (A) consists of a horizontal catchment system through a field of geothermal probes. The second alternative (B) is a shallow water catchment system, open type, with the return of water to a nearby river. The third option studied (C) is also a shallow water catchment system but with the water, return injected into a well downstream to the underground water flow. The study shows that alternatives A and B have the least environmental impact in most of the categories studied. The total amortization periods for the three alternatives and the base case differ by almost two years, with alternative A taking 6.99 years and alternative C costing 8.82 years.
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Zouari, Wiem, Imen Nouira El Badsi, Bassem El Badsi i Ahmed Masmoudi. "Three-Level NPC Inverter-Fed IM Drives under PTC, Minimizing the Involved Voltage Vectors and Balancing the DC Bus Capacitor Voltages". Sustainability 14, nr 20 (19.10.2022): 13522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013522.
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The paper deals presents a comparative study of the steady-state and transient behaviors of three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter-fed induction motor (IM) drives under the control of three predictive torque control (PTC) schemes: the conventional one (C-PTC) and two new strategies involving selected stator voltage vectors (SVs), namely: (SV-PTC1) and (SV-PTC2). Compared to the C-PTC, the latter enable a reduction of the number of voltage vectors as well as the weighting factors. The introduced PTCs mainly differ by the cost function, which is more simple in the case of SV-PTC2. However, SV-PTC1 allows a systematic clamping of each stator phase to the DC bus voltage, at a low level of 60 degrees, and a high level at 60 degrees per cycle, while such a clamping is arbitrary in the case of SV-PTC2. Simulations prove the higher performances of the introduced SV-PTCs over the C-PTC ones, in terms of the reduction of the current distortion and of the torque ripple. Simulation results were validated by the experiments.
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Hsieh, Min-Fu, Po-Hsun Chen, Fu-Sheng Pai i Rui-Yang Weng. "Development of Supercapacitor-Aided Hybrid Energy Storage System to Enhance Battery Life Cycle of Electric Vehicles". Sustainability 13, nr 14 (9.07.2021): 7682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147682.
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This paper presents a C-rate control method for a battery/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to enhance the life cycle of the battery in electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed HESS provides satisfactory power for dynamic movements of EVs (e.g., acceleration or braking) while keeping the battery current within a secure level to prevent it from degradation. The configurations of conventional HESSs are often complex due to the two energy storages and their current/voltage sensing involved. Therefore, in this paper, a simple current-sensing scheme is utilized and the battery is directly treated as a controlled variable to help the battery output current remain stable for different load conditions. While the proposed circuit requires only one current feedback signal, neither the SC nor load current sensors are needed, and the circuit design is thus significantly simplified. Both simulation and experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed HESS operating in conjunction with the motor drive system. The proposed method aims at fully utilizing recycled energy and prolonging battery lifespan.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Conventional One Cycle Control (C-OCC)"
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Nimesh, V. "Dual Comparison One Cycle Control for Grid Connected Converters". Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4321.
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Grid connected converters are widely used as front end rectifiers, interface between renewable energy and grid, and power quality applications. Popular control techniques to generate gating signals for active devices, reported in literature are voltage-oriented control, direct power control and one cycle control. In literature, one cycle control has also been reported as scalar resistive emulation or unified constant frequency integration control. The above-mentioned control techniques has been collectively addressed as conventional one cycle control (C-OCC). Light load instability and steady state dc offset phenomenon are the major concerns with of the conventional one cycle control reported in literature. These issues were addressed in the literature by treating them independently. This thesis proposes a common solution to address the light load instability and steady state dc offset phenomenon of conventional one cycle control.
C-OCC employs peak detection comparison method, hence the peak of the current always confines with the grid voltage. Therefore, the average current will differ by the ripple error. This results in the steady state dc offset, which is more severe at light load. Further in C-OCC, since the valley of current is not controlled a localized sub-harmonic instability occurs when slope of the falling current is greater than that of the slope of carrier. This thesis proposes a method to control both peak and valley of current, such that the converter changes its state when the expected value of current has been attained. Valley of current in each carrier cycle is decided such that the current has no steady state dc offset in current. To control peak and valley of current, this comparison is necessitated once more. This results in two comparisons in a carrier cycle, hence the name dual comparison one cycle control (DC-OCC). A generalized approach for controlling average current in a carrier cycle for grid connected converter has
been proposed. Stability of the inherent current loop in DC-OCC, using propagation dynamics of small disturbance, showed that the proposed control strategy did not suffer from localized sub-harmonic instability.
In a converter controlled by C-OCC and DC-OCC, the current lags the grid voltage. The reason for this has been discovered to be the inductive drop across the boost inductor. A novel method to compensate for the inductive drop is proposed in this thesis. The sensed input current is modified by adding a 90°phase shifted current with appropriate gain and is used for comparison to generate gating signals for active devices.
The sensed input current is added with a fictitious current, generated from gating signal of the active devices, to enable bi-directional power ow in converters controlled by DC-OCC. A second order band pass filter (BPF) is used to generate the fictitious current from the gating signal. Effects of BPF corner frequency in quality of current drawn or injected into the grid is used during the design of the filter.
The sum of sensed input current and fictitious current, is further modified by adding a 90°phase shifted current with appropriate gain. This modification enabled the converter to draw or inject power at an adjustable displacement power factor. Moreover, this modification also enables the converter to operate as a STATCOM. The gain of the phase shifted current determines the phase of the current drawn or injected. The current loop showed a tendency to become unstable when the gain of the phase shifted current approached 0.5. Small signal model of the converter is used to analyze this instability.
Average modeling technique is used to derive the model of the converter controlled by DC- OCC. Further, the non-linear average model is linearized using small signal analysis. The small signal model shows the presence of an inherent current loop with a proportional controller. Gain of the proportional controller is the effective resistance seen by the current loop. As the gain of the phase shifted current loop approaches 0.5, the closed poles of the inherent current loop crosses over to the right half of s-plane, causing an instability in the current loop. Design of voltage loop controller parameters is also presented in this thesis.
All of the above modifications are validated in simulations and experiments. Simulation
and experimental results are presented in this thesis for converters in the range from 600 W to
2 kW.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Conventional One Cycle Control (C-OCC)"
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Huang, Jin Feng. "Study on the Small Pressurized Water Reactor Based on Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated Fuel". W 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-63314.
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Abstract After Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster, the efforts to overcome these defects of PWRs were carried out, such as replacing the cladding and fuel materials. One of these feasible efforts is using Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated (FCM) fuel replacement traditional UO2 pellets fuel into PWR. The FCM fuels are composed of Tri-structural-isotropic (TRISO) particles embedded in silicon carbide matrix. The TRISO fuel can hold its containment integrity and without fission production releases under the design temperature limit of 1600 °C. Furthermore, the silicon carbide matrix will benefit the thermal conductivity, radiation damage resistance, environmental stability and proliferation resistance. Consequently, the safety of the reactor could be significantly improved with FCM fuel instead of the conventional UO2 pellet fuel in PWR. We also analyzed the temperature distribution for the FCM fuel compared the traditional UO2 pellets, the calculation indicated that the centerline temperature is lower than UO2 pellets due to FCM higher thermal conductivity. The calculation demonstrated that, utilizing FCM replacement of conventional UO2 fuel rod is feasible and more security in a small pressurized water reactor. In this paper, a small pressurized water reactor utilizing FCM fuel is considered. A 17 × 17 fuel assemblies with Zircalloy cladding was applied in conceptual design through a preliminary neutronics and thermal hydraulics analysis. The reactor physics is accomplished, including the refuel cycle length, the effective multiplication factor, power distribution analysis being discussed. The Soluble Boron Free (SBF) concepts are introduced in small PWR, as a result, it makes the nuclear power plant more simpler and economical. FCM fuel loading has a very high excess reactivity at the beginning of reactor core life, and it is important to flat reactivity curve during operation, or to minimize excess reactivity during the core life. Consequently, conventional burnable poison configurations were introduced to suppress excess reactivity control at beginning of cycle.
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Nishiumi, Takashi, Hirofumi Ohara, Kotaro Miyauchi, Sosuke Nakamura, Toshishige Ai i Masahito Kataoka. "Application of Ultra-Low NOx Combustor to the MHPS Existing Gas Turbine". W ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-02403.
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Abstract In recent years, MHPS achieved a NET M501J gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) efficiency in excess of 62% operating at 1,600°C, while maintaining NOx under 25ppm. Taking advantage of our gas turbine combustion design, development and operational experience, retrofits of earlier generation gas turbines have been successfully applied and will be described in this paper. One example of the latest J-Series technologies, a conventional pilot nozzle was changed to a premix type pilot nozzle for low emission. The technology was retrofitted to the existing F-Series gas turbines, which resulted in emission rates of lower than 9ppm NOx(15%O2) while maintaining the same Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT: Average Gas Temperature at the exit of the transition piece). After performing retrofitting design, high pressure rig tests, the field test prior to commercial operation was conducted on January 2019. This paper describes the Ultra-Low NOx combustor design features, retrofit design, high pressure rig test and verification test results of the upgraded M501F gas turbine. In addition, it describes another upgrade of turbine to improve efficiency and of combustion control system to achieve low emissions. Furthermore it describes the trouble-free upgrade of seven (7) units, which was completed by utilizing MHPS integration capabilities, including handling all the design, construction and service work of the main equipment, plant and control systems.
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Al-Mahmood, Moaath. "Breakthrough Innovative Solutions and Technologies for Greenhouse Gases Reduction". W International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22651-ms.
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Abstract Khurais Producing Department, as one of Saudi Aramco's producing facilities, is sharing this paper to highlight implemented breakthrough innovative solutions and technologies with massive positive impact on the environment. These technologies were introduced to increase the operation reliability, reduce the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions and carbon footprint, and promote circular economy by optimizing power consumption, generating clean power, and eliminating daily routine flaring towards Saudi Aramco's ambition of achieving net-zero Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gases emissions by 2050, which is a step towards achieving Saudi Arabia's commitment to net-zero by 2060. Driven by the commitment of Khurais managements toward the Saudi Aramco defined environmental protection policies through Khurais Environmental Management System (EMS) that meets the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 and strives for continual improvement, Khurais has set its objectives for protecting the environment and reducing the impact of its day-to-day operation on the surrounding environment. To achieve these objectives, Khurais has developed different plans, such as the Flare Minimization Plan and GHG Assurance Plan, and established key performance indicators (KPIs) through the Operational Excellence (OE) system to track and enhance the environmental performance of the facility. To achieve the objectives identified by Khurais managements and to support their commitment plan for protecting the environment, different initiatives and technologies were deployed at Khurais facility which have significantly contributed to GHG emission reduction. The implemented initiatives include: a) construction of steam turbine generator (STG) part of the combined cycle cogeneration plant to generate clean power, b) installing flare gas recovery system to recover daily routine flaring from the facility, c) deploying the first worldwide Advanced Process Control (APC) for oil production wells for conventional oilfield for optimizing energy consumption, d) installing a swing line connecting all five oil trains’ HP Compressor suction lines to share the feed gas, e) flare minimization during running Oil Train-4 with bypassing damaged stabilizer which was a patented solution deployed to achieve the facility MSC post the attack on Khurais facilities, f) deployment of nonmetallic resin thermal pipe (RTP) material technology for over 60% of the massive crude pipeline network, and g) full deployment of closed draining systems through the construction of WOSEP blowdown system and automatic crude tank dewatering system. This paper will share Khurais efforts in implementing these initiatives and technologies, which touch base on different sources for GHG emission from the facility such as power consumption, flared gas, and material release to the atmosphere. Identifying a plan and implementing these initiatives have contributed to reducing the GHG emissions from Khurais facility.
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Qian, Suxin, Kyle Gluesenkamp, Yunho Hwang i Reinhard Radermacher. "Experimental Study on Performance of a Residential Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System Under Varying Building Load". W ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18043.
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Trigeneration systems are closely associated with sorption cooling technology because prime mover waste heat can be recovered to produce cooling. The working pair and cycle type of the sorption cooling system needs to be matched to the waste heat temperature of the prime mover, as well as with the capacity and application of the trigeneration system. A residential trigeneration system with a 4 kWelec internal combustion engine, a 220 gallon (830 L) hot water tank and a 3 kW adsorption chiller powered by 70°C waste heat with separate sensible and latent cooling control strategy is presented in this study. Transient experiments were conducted under 5 day long hot water and space cooling load profiles from a simulated house to evaluate the performance from a practical perspective. The fuel consumption was measured and compared with that of two baseline systems. An analytical criterion was derived and discussed to further evaluate the trigeneration system with different loads under different climates. It was found that the presented residential trigeneration system could save about 30% of fuel consumption compared with conventional off-grid operation mode, but is not more fuel efficient than the conventional on-grid and vapor compression cooling combination.
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Saleh, Muftah, Ramin Sedaghati i Rama Bhat. "Crashworthiness Study of Helicopter Skid Landing Gear System Equipped With a Magnetorheological Energy Absorber". W ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3755.
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The present study concerns with the performance of a skid landing gear (SLG) system of a rotorcraft impacting the ground at a vertical sink rate of 5.0 m/s. The impact attitude is per chapter 527 of the Airworthiness Manual (AWM) of Transport Canada Civil Aviation and FAR Part 27 of the U.S. Federal Aviation Regulation. A single degree of freedom helicopter model is investigated under two rotor lift factors 0.67 and 1.0. Three Configurations are evaluated: a) A conventional SLG; b) SLG equipped with a passive viscous damper and c) SLG incorporated with a magnetorheological energy absorber. The non-dimensional solutions of the helicopter model show that the passive damper system could reduce the maximum acceleration experienced by the helicopter occupants by 21% and 19.8% in comparison to the undamped system for the above rotor lift factors, respectively. However, the passive damper fails to constrain the non-dimensional energy absorption stroke of the damper within the given 18 cm maximum stroke and a bottoming out of the damper piston was noticed. Therefore, the alternative and successful choice was to employ a magnetorheological energy absorber (MREA). To improve the MREA controllability and to resettle the payload with no oscillations, i.e. in one cycle, two different Bingham numbers for compression stroke and rebound stroke were defined in the non-dimensional solution. Several simulations were conducted for different values of Bingham numbers. Among these numerical simulation results, the solution that implemented the optimum Bingham numbers was found to be the only one feasible solution. In this case the MREA with optimum Bingham number for compression could utilize the full energy absorption stroke to attain soft landing. In the rebound stroke, the generated optimal on-state damping force successfully controls the bounce of the payload until the payload settles down to its original equilibrium position with no oscillations.
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Christian, Joshua M., i Clifford K. Ho. "CFD Simulation and Heat Loss Analysis of the Solar Two Power Tower Receiver". W ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91030.
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Solar Two was a demonstration of the viability of molten salt power towers. The power tower was designed to produce enough thermal power to run a 10-MWe conventional Rankine cycle turbine. A critical component of this process was the solar tower receiver. The receiver was designed for an applied average heat flux of 430 kW/m2 with an outlet temperature of 565°C (838.15 K). The mass flow rate could be varied in the system to control the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid, which was high temperature molten salt. The heat loss in the actual system was calculated by using the power-on method which compares how much power is absorbed by the molten salt when using half of the heliostat field and then the full heliostat field. However, the total heat loss in the system was lumped into a single value comprised of radiation, convection, and conduction heat transfer losses. In this study, ANSYS FLUENT was used to evaluate and characterize the radiative and convective heat losses from this receiver system assuming two boundary conditions: (1) a uniform heat flux on the receiver and (2) a distributed heat flux generated from the code DELSOL. The results show that the distributed-flux models resulted in radiative heat losses that were ∼14% higher than the uniform-flux models, and convective losses that were ∼5–10% higher due to the resulting non-uniform temperature distributions. Comparing the simulations to known convective heat loss correlations demonstrated that surface roughness should be accounted for in the simulations. This study provides a model which can be used for further receiver design and demonstrates whether current convective correlations are appropriate for analytical evaluation of external solar tower receivers.