Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Contributions in the theory of individualism

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Contributions in the theory of individualism”

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Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Contributions in the theory of individualism"

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Moon, Kuk-Kyoung, Seo-Hee Lee i Seo-Yeon Jeong. "Examining the Relationship between Individualism and Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Moderating Role of Social Cohesion". Behavioral Sciences 13, nr 8 (8.08.2023): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13080661.

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Combining Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, value–belief–norm theory, and social exchange theory, this study explores the impact of individualism and social cohesion on pro-environmental behavior (PEB) as well as the moderating role of social cohesion in the individualism–PEB link in the context of Korean society. Using the 2021 Korean General Social Survey and multiple linear regression analyses, we found that individualism is negatively related to PEB, whereas social cohesion is positively related to PEB. Further analysis showed that social cohesion attenuates the negative relationship between individualism and PEB. Our findings suggest that although individuals with high levels of individualism are less likely to perform PEB than those with a high level of collectivism, social cohesion is a valuable community resource that encourages them to engage in eco-friendly activities even when they seek to achieve person-oriented goals and pursue their own interests. The implications and contributions of these findings regarding environmental psychology are discussed.
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Ignjatovic, Suzana. "The legacy of Raymond Boudon". Sociologija 58, nr 1 (2016): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1601032i.

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The paper is a short overview of the work of a contemporary French sociologist Raymond Boudon. The paper focuses on the following aspects of Boudon?s biography: academic trajectory, intellectual influences, and his major works. It is argued that his major contributions to sociology include his theory of social mobility, methodological individualism and the concept of cognitive rationality.
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Cockerham, William C. "The sociology of health in the United States: recent theoretical contributions". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, nr 4 (kwiecień 2014): 1031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014194.14872013.

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This paper examines recent trends in theory in health sociology in the United States and finds that the use of theory is flourishing. The central thesis is that the field has reached a mature state and is in the early stage of a paradigm shift away from a past focus on methodological individualism (in which the individual is the primary unit of analysis) toward a growing utilization of theories with a structural orientation This outcome is materially aided by research methods (e.g. hierarchal linear modeling, biomarkers) providing measures of structural effects on the health of the individual that were often absent or underdeveloped in the past. Structure needs to be accounted for in any social endeavor and contemporary medical sociology appears to be doing precisely that as part of the next stage of its evolution. The recent contributions to theory in the sociology of health discussed in this paper are fundamental cause, medicalization, social capital, neighborhood disadvantage, and health lifestyle theories.
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Di Iorio, Francesco. "Hayek and the hermeneutics of mind". Social Science Information 54, nr 2 (16.02.2015): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018414566420.

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The article investigates the connections between Hayek’s cognitive psychology and his methodological individualism. It argues that Hayek’s theory of the sensory order, which is his less-studied scientific contribution, supports an original but largely unknown argument in favour of the Verstehen approach of methodological individualism. Hayek merges a theory of the temporality of knowledge as understood by phenomenological hermeneutics, and notably by Gadamer, with a proto-connectionist theory of mind to develop a perspective that anticipates by decades Varela’s and Maturana’s neuro-phenomenology. The article shows that Hayek uses this perspective to criticize the deterministic paradigms of action that consider action to be a mechanical effect of a pre-given reality and challenge the Verstehen approach, which is defended both by methodological individualism and phenomenological hermeneutics.
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Estep, Kevin, i Pierce Greenberg. "Opting Out: Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity". American Sociological Review 85, nr 6 (12.10.2020): 957–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122420960691.

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Cases of measles and other highly contagious diseases are rising in the United States. Public health experts blame the rise partly on the spatial concentration of parents declining to vaccinate their children, but researchers have given little attention to theorizing why this clustering occurs in particular communities. We argue that residential and school selection processes create “pockets of homogeneity” attracting parents inclined to opt out of vaccines. Structural features of these enclaves reduce the likelihood of harsh criticism for vaccine refusal and foster a false sense of protection from disease, making the choice to opt out seem both safe and socially acceptable. Examination of quantitative data on personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from school-based vaccination requirements in California schools and districts, as well as findings from parent interviews, provide empirical support for the theory. We discuss substantive implications for lawmakers and public health officials, as well as broader sociological contributions concerning neighborhood effects and residential sorting.
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Kiss, Simon J., Éric Montpetit i Erick Lachapelle. "Beyond Regions and Ideology: Using Cultural Theory to Explain Risk Perception in Canada". Canadian Journal of Political Science 53, nr 2 (23.04.2020): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423920000177.

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AbstractCultural theory (CT) has been widely used to explain variations in risk perception but has rarely been tested in Canada. This contribution represents the most thorough attempt to adapt CT to the Canadian context. Study results suggest that respondents’ commitment to egalitarianism was strongly correlated with risks from technology, while respondents’ commitment to hierarchism was strongly correlated with risks from criminal or unsafe behaviours. Respondents’ commitment to individualism was also correlated with risks from criminal and unsafe behaviours but differed from hierarchism in that individualism was not correlated with risk perceptions from prostitution and marijuana use. Respondents’ commitments to fatalism were strongly correlated with risk perception of vaccines. These conclusions are reinforced by results from a survey question that tests the extent to which such cultural predispositions map onto the myths of nature hypothesized by CT and by a survey experiment that tests how cultural commitments predict perceived risks from a controversial pipeline.
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Crow, Dennis, i Fred R. Dallmayr. "Twilight of Subjectivity: Contributions to a Post-Individualist Theory of Politics". New German Critique, nr 37 (1986): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/488419.

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Feldman, Steven P. "Management Ethics without the Past: Rationalism and Individualism in Critical Organization Theory". Business Ethics Quarterly 10, nr 3 (lipiec 2000): 623–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857895.

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Abstract:Since the Enlightenment our attachment to the past has been greatly weakened, in some areas of social life it has almost ceased to exist. This characteristic of the modern mind is seen as an overreaction. The modern mind has lost the capacity to appreciate the positive contribution the maintenance of the past in the present achieves in social life, especially in the sphere of moral conduct.In the field of organization theory, nowhere is the past as explicitly distrusted as in critical organization theory. The maintenance of the past in the present is seen as a potential carrier of oppressive and unjust social relationships. Perpetual critique is advocated as a means to uncover these oppressive and unjust relations and prevent any new undemocratic relations from becoming established.I present an historical and cultural analysis of the modern attitude toward the past and develop a concept of moral tradition to analyze critical organization theory’s ethical assumptions and implications. In so doing, an effort is made to rectify the exaggerated confidence critical organization theory places in rationalism and individualism and to recognize the ineluctable role traditions play not only in organizational life, but also in the way we theorize about organizations.
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Modrzejewska, Magdalena. "Wpływ teorii pestalozziańskich na teorię i praktyki filozofii edukacji Josiah Warrena – geneza systemu". Politeja 18, nr 6(75) (16.12.2021): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.18.2021.75.18.

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The Influence of Pestalozzian Theories on the Theory and Practice of Josiah Warren's Philosophy of Education – The Genesis of the System Josiah Warren is portrayed as the father of American individualist anarchism and the first American anarchist. This paper investigates his contribution to the development of educational theories and his educational practices, since for Warren, as many anarchists, education is the main path to create a new society. Warren’s educational theories and experiments originated mainly from his stay in New Harmony between 1825 and 1827, where he encountered innovative method of teaching that nurtured children’s independence, invented by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Therefore, the aim of this text is to trace how Warren’s philosophy of education was shaped to become an essential element of his theory of stateless political and legal order and how Warren combined concepts of extreme individualism with his economic theories, such as equitable commerce and cost the limit of price. The knowledge of Warren’s New Harmony experience where he encountered William Maclure and Pestalozzian social reformers will enable the reader to better understand the framework of his own concept of education that he practiced at the Spring Hill School in Ohio.
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Etoom, Dergam. "Influence of individualism and collectivism on talent management practices". International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 22, nr 1 (kwiecień 2022): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14705958221089500.

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As the world becomes more globalized, it is increasingly necessary to be aware of the limitations of a universalistic approach to talent management. Talent management practices are considered to be among the three most important topics explored in talent management literature. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating the influence of national culture on talent management practices. The current article seeks to make a conceptual contribution to talent management practice literature through reviewing previous talent management practices, individualist, and collectivist literature then synthesizes the literature to provide a framework for examining the different talent management practices in individualistic and collectivistic societies. Talent management practices originated in Anglo-Saxon countries and align with their individualistic culture, which leads to the question of whether these practices can be implemented effectively in collectivistic societies. This study attempts to answer this question by exploring talent management practices in individualist and collectivist cultures and providing a framework for effective talent management practices in both. This research opens the door for more research to explore the gaps between what happens in talent management practices and what should happen according to talent management practices theory.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Contributions in the theory of individualism"

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Seetapun, David. "Contributions to recursion theory". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251510.

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Du, Dong. "Contributions to Persistence Theory". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338304358.

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Li, Rui. "Some contributions to distribution theory". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/some-contributions-to-distribution-theory(f0f2b916-4908-4b13-a8f6-169b26f2b26e).html.

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Distribution theory, which is widely applied to describe the features and properties of observations, and plays an important role in the development of statistics. However, some distributions have complicated or implicit forms of mathematical expressions, which is not able to solve practical problems in a transparent way. This thesis aims to make some contributions to distribution theory. Specifically, this thesis presents some exact distributions in a closed form, which is able to provide more accurate results and improve the computational efficiency in practice. The main contributions are listed in Chapters 2-7. Student's t distribution is one of the most famous distributions which was discovered by William Gosset in 1908. Chapter 2 gives a review of the Student's t (ST) distribution and its generalizations. This chapter is consisted of the collection of nearly 30 generalizations of the ST distribution. Also, the comparisons among some of ST generalizations are performed for fitting with stock index data in applications. The Behrens-Fisher problem is a famous problem in statistics regarding hypothesis testing and interval estimation. Commonly, the distribution of Behrens-Fisher statistic is approximated by a Student's t random variable. Chapter 3 provides the exact distribution of a modified Behrens-Fisher statistic, which is more convenient from the computational perspective. Chapter 4 manages to derive the true maximum likelihood estimators for the generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) with the shape parameter p = 3; 4; 5. Compared with traditional numerical algorithms, theorems in this chapter allow one to compute the maximum likelihood estimator of the location parameter mu and the scale parameter sigma accurately. Since round off errors arise in many areas of signal processing, Chapter 5 aims to extend the work of Gadzhiev (2015) to estimate the mean and variance of round off errors for any continuous random variable defined on either the real line or a finite interval. The contributions are elaborated as some theorems with higher accuracy in computing mean and variance of round off errors, with no need to consider sample size. Chapter 6 provides an exact density of the sum of independent skew normal random variables. The out-performances of our method are shown in comparison with the corresponding central processing unit (CPU) operation time with an increasing number of random variables. Besides, our method appears good performance in fitting and predicting stock price over a long period of time. Estimation of population mean based on given measurements is one of the oldest problems in statistics. Chapter 7 investigates the relative performances of arithmetic mean, root mean square, geometric mean, and harmonic mean for the simplest case of two measurements from a uniform distribution.
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Marcus, Sherry Elizabeth 1966. "Contributions to higher recursion theory". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28018.

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Rowe, Paul Michael Dominic. "Contributions to metric number theory". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408263.

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Atmai, Rachid. "Contributions to Descriptive Set Theory". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804953/.

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In this dissertation we study closure properties of pointclasses, scales on sets of reals and the models L[T2n], which are very natural canonical inner models of ZFC. We first characterize projective-like hierarchies by their associated ordinals. This solves a conjecture of Steel and a conjecture of Kechris, Solovay, and Steel. The solution to the first conjecture allows us in particular to reprove a strong partition property result on the ordinal of a Steel pointclass and derive a new boundedness principle which could be useful in the study of the cardinal structure of L(R). We then develop new methods which produce lightface scales on certain sets of reals. The methods are inspired by Jackson’s proof of the Kechris-Martin theorem. We then generalize the Kechris-Martin Theorem to all the Π12n+1 pointclasses using Jackson’s theory of descriptions. This in turns allows us to characterize the sets of reals of a certain initial segment of the models L[T2n]. We then use this characterization and the generalization of Kechris-Martin theorem to show that the L[T2n] are unique. This generalizes previous work of Hjorth. We then characterize the L[T2n] in term of inner models theory, showing that they actually are constructible models over direct limit of mice with Woodin cardinals, a counterpart to Steel’s result that the L[T2n+1] are extender models, and finally show that the generalized contiuum hypothesis holds in these models, solving a conjecture of Woodin.
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Raubenheimer, Heidi. "Contributions to modern portfolio theory". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9741.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Fund managers and investors are confronted with the problem of selecting a single investment portfolio from a large number of possible combinations of available assets. In South Africa the set of possible portfolios has become even larger with the gradual relaxing of the constraints on foreign investment from 1995 to the present day, thereby expanding the investment universe for South African investors. Moreover, portfolio selection in South Africa is being transformed increasingly from being the exclusive domain of high net worth individuals, trustees and their investment managers to being the domain and responsibility of the man on the street. The Unit Trust industry started in South Africa in 1965 and gave the lower net worth individual a vehicle with which to invest in a diverse investment portfolio. This industry has proved very popular and has expanded from only 8 funds in 1980 to 338 funds and 136 billion rands under management in November 2000. Moreover the past two years, 1999 and 2000, has seen a change in the pension fund industry from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) pension funds, transferring more of the risk and the responsibility of portfolio selection onto pension fund members. With increasing demand for fund management and investment advice by pension fund members and individual investors alike, the financial services industry in South Africa has also expanded. The consequent competition for assets of all descriptions have led, one hopes, to a more efficient market in equity, fixed income and derivative products. Thus modern portfolio theory has come a long way and will have to go further in meeting the demand to assist investors in their decision making.
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Dance, Cody. "Contributions to Descriptive Set Theory". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955115/.

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Assume AD+V=L(R). In the first chapter, let W^1_1 denote the club measure on \omega_1. We analyze the embedding j_{W^1_1}\restr HOD from the point of view of inner model theory. We use our analysis to answer a question of Jackson-Ketchersid about codes for ordinals less than \omega_\omega. In the second chapter, we provide an indiscernibles analysis for models of the form L[T_n,x]. We use our analysis to provide new proofs of the strong partition property on \delta^1_{2n+1}
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Crittenden, William Jackson. "Individualism reconsidered : political theory and contemporary conceptions of the self". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:afb9b7ff-31bf-4142-80bf-bde8cfdee2fa.

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Contemporary communitarians focus their critiques on liberal individualism and posit as a counterpoise to the self-sufficiency and priority of the liberal self their own conception of the self: the individ- ual-in-community. Selfhood, in their view, is inherently communal; one cannot know or define oneself, or be an individual, except in and through the community life in which each is raised. This thesis presents, in contrast to the liberal and communitarian conceptions, a third conception of the self built from developmental psychology the self as compound individuality. Here the self is seen to develop through a series of levels, each level a world unto itself, but each also a part of a more inclusive whole. Both liberal individualism and the communitarian conception that challenges it are, in the light of the theory of compound individuality, seen to be half-right and half-wrong. They gain coherence, and cogency, only when joined. Joining the two is difficult. At the center of the difficulty, and at the center of the liberal-communitarian debate, are competing notions of autonomy and of relationships. Some communitarians see autonomy as leading ineluctably to pernicious individualism. Liberals, on the other hand, argue that individual autonomy must be protected from any communal ends and relationships that might limit it. The theory of compound individuality demonstrates that there is a level of self at which relationships do not threaten autonomy, but, on the contrary, help through autonomy to define the self. Autonomy, rather than jeopardizing relationships by emphasizing self-sufficiency, as the commun- itarians fear, here promotes a level of constitutive relationships. This level of self beyond individualism might be engendered through increased, though restructured, social and political participation. But are the communitarians 1 concerns and their understanding of community fully embraced at this level? If liberal societies were to move beyond individualism, would those societies be any more communitarian and any less liberal? Those societies, as argued in this thesis, would cer- tainly be different from what communitarians envision and from liberal polities today.
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Cardoso, David Emanuel Cruz Poço Ressurreição. "Contributions on Real Options Agency Theory". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/57177.

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Książki na temat "Contributions in the theory of individualism"

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Coles, Romand. Self/power/other: Political theory and dialogical ethics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.

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Feldman, Leslie Dale. Freedom as motion. Lanham: University Press of America, 2001.

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Watt, John. Individualism and Educational Theory. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2460-4.

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Watt, John. Individualism and educational theory. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Brouwer, Maria. Organizations, individualism, and economic theory. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.

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Driessen, Theo S. H., Gerard van der Laan, Valeri A. Vasil’ev i Elena B. Yanovskaya, red. Russian Contributions to Game Theory and Equilibrium Theory. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32061-x.

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Uichol, Kim, i Hanʼguk Simni Hakhoe, red. Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1994.

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Choudhury, Masudul Alam. Contributions to Islamic Economic Theory. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07728-1.

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Greenhalgh, Susan. Anthropological contributions to fertility theory. New York, N.Y: Population Council, Research Division, 1994.

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Kalkbrener, Michael. Three contributions to elimination theory. Wien: VWGÖ, 1992.

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Części książek na temat "Contributions in the theory of individualism"

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Robitaille, Christian, i Robert Leroux. "Rationality, Praxeology, and History: The Contributions of Ludwig von Mises to the Theory of Rationality in the Social Sciences". W The Palgrave Handbook of Methodological Individualism, 161–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41512-8_9.

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Silverstone, Scott A. "Liberal International Relations Theory and the Military". W Handbook of Military Sciences, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_104-1.

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AbstractWhile much of the study and practice of international relations is anchored in the centuries-old tradition of realism, this chapter explores the important contributions that another theoretical tradition, liberalism, has made to the study of international security and the role of military power. Emerging from Enlightenment beliefs about the rationality of individuals and the potential for progress in human affairs, liberal theories and policy ideas have focused on offering alternative means for states seeking security, alternatives that might break the endless competition and warfare that realists see as inevitable in an anarchic world. Liberal theories emphasize how rules and institutions can help self-interested states achieve mutual interests, they see economic interdependence as a potent incentive for states to avoid war, and they argue that democracies enjoy more peaceful relations with other democracies. The chapter traces the history of liberal international relations theory as it matured in response to the mass violence and chaos of the twentieth century, and it examines a number of examples – like European integration, the post-World War II global economic order, and the control of nuclear weapons – to showcase how liberal ideas in practice might reduce the dangers of war and enhance the prospects for global cooperation.
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Meester, Wilhelm J. "Theory". W Contributions to Economics, 13–34. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2687-6_2.

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Jordan, Robert Welsh. "Value Theory". W Contributions to Phenomenology, 724–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_162.

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Schnell, Martin W. "Critical Theory". W Contributions to Phenomenology, 116–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_26.

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Ruokanen, Jukka. "Alignment of the Individual and Common Good in the Political Theory of Johannes Althusius". W Common Good and Self-Interest in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy, 171–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55304-2_10.

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AbstractThe chapter analyses the relationship between the individual and common good in the political theory of Johannes Althusius (1563–1638). Within a broadly Aristotelian and Calvinist framework, Althusius paints a picture of a reciprocal and harmonious society in which the individual and common good align through the division of labour and jurisdiction between different individuals and various types and levels of communities. Closer scrutiny reveals that the composition is delicately structured and requires the fulfilment of several conditions. Particularly important are the normative guidelines of social life that direct individuals to justice in relation to their fellow human beings and to piety in relation to God. Nevertheless, conflicts do arise even in Althusius’ schema for society, but in so doing, they also provide further insights into the alignment of the individual and common good. Analyzing conflict situations, we learn first that careful balancing is needed in the ruler–people relationship in order to prevent tyranny, on the one hand, and sedition on the other hand. Second, while reciprocal life is built on a division of labour, not all contributions are welcome since all activities need to be useful for others and morally acceptable. Finally, the alignment of the individual and common good also requires regulating the pursuit for material good in order to serve both the good of the soul as well as the body. Consequently, the alignment of the individual and common good is a possible result of successful politics, not a guaranteed state of affairs.
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Sprintzen, David. "The Webbed Self: Deconstructing Individualism". W Critique of Western Philosophy and Social Theory, 131–62. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230101777_7.

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Madison, Gary Brent. "The Practice of Theory/The Theory of Practice". W Contributions to Phenomenology, 137–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0750-4_6.

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Filippini, Massimo. "Implementing Consumer Theory". W Contributions to Economics, 21–60. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47000-4_2.

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Filippini, Massimo. "Implementing Producer Theory". W Contributions to Economics, 125–50. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47000-4_7.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Contributions in the theory of individualism"

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Cantori, Louis J. "FETHULLAH GÜLEN: KEMALIST AND ISLAMIC REPUBLICANISM AND THE TURKISH DEMOCRATIC FUTURE". W Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/xgns5949.

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To put it bluntly, the claim that liberal democracy is a universal concept is false. Its prerequi- sites of individualism, equality, secularism, pluralism etc. have a minority status in the world. On the other hand, what can be termed Islamic conservatism does apply to Islamic societies: 1) the past incorporates within it the revelations of God as expressed in the Qur’an as the spiritual centre of gravity; 2) community and family take precedence over the individual and 3) the goal of society is the enjoining of that which is good and the prohibition of that which is evil. Islamic conservatism can also be analytically attached to republicanism as an alterna- tive to democracy. Referred to here is the republicanism of ancient Rome which argues for (a) the limitation of the powers of a strong and benevolent and moral state, (b) an elite pledged to serve the public good (maslahah), (c) a citizenry also pledged to serve society, and (d) an embedded law respected and upheld by all. Kemalism in contemporary Turkey represents the principles of republicanism as formulated in the famous ‘Six Arrows’, which centred more on the need for a strong centralised state than on the obligations of the state to its citizens. If measured against the four criteria of the ancient Roman republican ideal, the Turkish state clearly falls far short. By contrast, this paper argues, the Gülen movement does, rather remarkably, meet those high standards. As a consequence, there are present in Turkey today, two interacting modes of republicanism that are increasingly beginning to overlap with and resemble one another.
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Carriere, Michael, i David Schalliol. "Engagement as Theory: Architecture, Planning, and Placemaking in the Twenty-First Century City". W Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335068.

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Our recent book, "The City Creative: The Rise of Urban Placemaking in Contemporary America" (University of Chicago Press, 2021), details how participatory design and community engagement can lead to democratically planned, inclusive urban communities. After visiting more than two hundred projects in more than forty cities, we have come to understand that planning, policy, and architectural design should be oriented by local communities and deep engagement with intervention sites. Of course, we are not the first to reach such a conclusion. In many ways, our work builds off contributions made by individuals, including Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, and Christopher Alexander, and such movements as Team 10 and the advocacy architecture movement of the 1960s. Nevertheless, we need to broaden this significant conversation. Importantly, our classroom work has allowed us to better understand how histories often left out of such discussions can inform this new approach. To that end, we have developed community-student partnerships in underserved neighborhoods in cities like Milwaukee and Detroit. Through these connections and their related design-build projects, we have seen how the civil rights movement, immigration narratives, hip-hop culture, and alternative redevelopment histories, such as in urban agriculture, can inform the theory and practice of design. We want to bring these perspectives into dialogue with the mainstream approach to development and design. How does this look and work? Using a case study from the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) University Scholars Honors Program curriculum, we highlight the redevelopment of Milwaukee’s Fondy Park, an effort to create community-centered spaces and programming in an underserved African American community. Lessons include those essential for pedagogy and education, as well as for how these issues are theorized and professionally practiced, with implications for institutions, programs, and individuals.
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Riverso, Roberta, Francesco La Barbera i Carmela Altamura. "CONSUMER INTENTION TO BUY ELECTRIC CARS: EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF FUTURE UNCERTAINTY DUE TO THE WAR IN UKRAINE IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR". W 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s19.20.

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The topic of sustainable mobility has been prioritized on the EU�s political agenda, with the goal of lowering CO2 emissions and air pollution. This goal entails the introduction of low-polluting cars, such as those driven by an electric battery (BEV), into the EU car market. The current investigation was guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB): The three main TPB constructs�attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control�as well as the intention to purchase a BEV have been measured. In addition, we were interested to explore the influence of individuals� uncertainty due to the Ukrainian war on the intention to buy a BEV. Future uncertainty related to the war in Ukraine might enhance individuals� concern about economy and energy, thus influencing the intention to buy BEVs. An online survey was conducted, with measures of the TPB main constructs and war-related uncertainty. Results show that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control significantly predict the intention to buy BEVs. In addition, future uncertainty due to war in Ukraine has a significant positive indirect effect on participants� intention to buy BEVs via attitude and subjective norm. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of results are discussed in the paper.
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Hornung, Severin, i Thomas Höge. "THE DARKSIDE OF IDIOSYNCRATIC DEALS: HUMANISTIC VERSUS NEOLIBERAL TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS". W International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact097.

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"Theory-building on workplace flexibility is extended, based on a critical Human Resource (HR) systems framework and paradox (conflict) perspective on employee-oriented vs. capacity-oriented flexibility. Differentiated are variabilities in HR practices by: a) content (functional, temporal, spatial, numerical, financial); b) control (employer, employee); and c) creation (top-down, bottom-up). Hybrid types of bottom-up initiated and top-down authorized flexibility, idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), describe mutually beneficial, negotiated agreements on non-standard working conditions between employees and employer. If their real-world manifestations reflect idealized assumptions, however, remains obscure. Integrating institutional logics, HR systems embody values of humanistic ideals vs. neoliberal ideology: (1) individuation vs. individualism; (2) solidarity vs. competition; (3) emancipation vs. instrumentality. Reflecting these antipodes, construed ideal-type and anti-type i-deals facilitate: (a) self-actualization vs. self-reliance (needs vs. interests); (b) common good vs. tournament situations (triple-win vs. winner-take-all); (c) social transformation vs. economic rationalization (development vs. performance). In humanistic management theory, i-deals increase employee-oriented flexibility, but, in reality, risk being co-opted for economic rationalization and divisive labor-political power strategies. Antagonistic applications involve: humanization vs. rationalization goals; egalitarian vs. elitist distribution; relational vs. transactional resources; need-based vs. contribution-based authorization; procedural vs. distributive justice; supplementing vs. substituting collective HR practices. Instrumental adoption in high-performance work environments likely facilitates harmful internalizations as subjectification and self-exploitation."
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Pal, Abhipsa. "Motivations of Individuals Contributing to Open Content Creation Projects". W ICEGOV '17: 10th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3047273.3047291.

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Ahuja, Kartik, Simpson Zhang i Mihaela van der Schaar. "Towards a theory of societal co-evolution: Individualism versus collectivism". W 2014 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2014.7032223.

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Vaquero Avilés-Casco, Alejandro, Constantia Alexandrou, Vincent Drach, Kyriakos Hadjiyiannakou, Karl Jansen, Giannis Koutsou i Alexei Strelchenko. "Disconnected contributions from GPU's". W The 30th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.164.0184.

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Bakliwal, Priyam, Guruprasad M. Hegde i C. V. Jawahar. "Collaborative Contributions for Better Annotations". W International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006098103530360.

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Chipman, Russell A. "James Wyant's contributions to polarization aberration theory". W Tribute to James C. Wyant: The Extraordinaire in Optical Metrology and Optics Education, redaktorzy Virendra N. Mahajan i Daewook Kim. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2572373.

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Choulier, Denis, Eric Coatane´a i Joe¨lle Forest. "The Engineering Design CK Theory: Contributions and Limits". W ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28523.

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The CK theory of design created by Hatchuel and Weil has raised interest and controversies both in the academic and practitioners communities. After presenting the CK theory scope and focus, and the contributions claimed by the creators of the theory, we compare it to concepts and models more commonly used in traditional design approaches. It can be noticed that important concepts are ignored by the CK theory even if some of them are integrated in the research programs of Hatchuel, Weil and Le Masson. This initial analysis demonstrates that even in its scope, the CK theory appears incomplete to engineering design and does not consider important dimensions for the validity of the research program claimed. Then, we analyze from a critical viewpoint the foundations and hypotheses of the CK theory. Some propositions for improvement are set. Nevertheless, both the ability of CK theory to effectively assist and direct a creative process and, moreover, to organize the complete design and innovation processes are questioned. Finally, we conclude about the ambitious program and results claim by the authors of the CK theory.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Contributions in the theory of individualism"

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Genoni, María Eugenia, Carmen Pagés i Paula Auerbach. Social Security Coverage and the Labor Market in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010733.

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This paper analyzes the reasons behind the low rates of contribution to social security programs in developing countries. Using a large set of harmonized household surveys from Latin America we compare contribution patterns among wage employees, for whom participation is compulsory, with contribution patterns among self-employed workers, for whom participation is often voluntary. In all countries, contribution rates among salaried workers are similarly correlated with education, earnings, size of the employer, household characteristics and age. In addition, contribution patterns among salaried workers are highly correlated with contribution patterns among the self-employed. Our results indicate that on average more than 30 percent of the explained within-country variance in contributions patterns may be accounted for by individuals low willingness to participate in old-age pension programs. Nonetheless, we also find evidence suggesting that some workers are rationed out of social security against their will.
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Bouton, Laurent, Micael Castanheira i Allan Drazen. A Theory of Small Campaign Contributions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24413.

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Marsden, Eric. Risk regulation, liability and insurance: literature review of their influence on safety management. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, wrzesień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/337rrl.

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This document provides a short literature review on the complementarity (and antagonisms) between liability rules, safety regulation and insurance and their effect on safety management. It draws on a range of disciplines, with a focus on economic analysis of law and regulation theory. Some of the issues discussed are rather complex; this document attempts to provide simple explanations together with references to the professional literature for the interested reader. Some issues are the subject of ongoing debate between scholars; in such situations, we have attempted to present the various points of view. The document provides background information concerning the topics discussed during the NeTWork’2012 workshop, and draws on some of the contributions of workshop participants and the rich discussion which took place during the three days. The first chapter presents issues related to regulation, starting with the classical economic justifications for state intervention (presence of externalities, information failures and moral hazard). A number of obstacles to the effectiveness of safety regulation are presented. Finally, some alternatives or complements to regulation, including self-regulation, are briefly discussed. Chapter 2 presents an overview of liability law, starting with some introductory definitions. Factors which weaken the effectiveness of liability as an incentive to invest in prevention are discussed, as are negative effects of liability regimes on safety management. A number of case studies illustrating the liability of regulators are briefly presented. Chapter 3 discusses the impact of insurance and reinsurance on firms’ and individuals’ safety management. The last chapter briefly analyzes firms’ and individuals’ sources of motivation to take care.
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Coleman, Katharina. Optimising national staff contributions in UN peacekeeping operations. Folke Bernadotte Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61880/nulo7273.

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How can the UN optimise the contributions that locally recruited ‘national staff’ make to peacekeeping operations? Especially given intense pressure to reduce costs through ‘lighter footprints’, peacekeeping operations need to mobilise the full potential of all their personnel to accomplish mandated tasks. This includes civilian staff, of whom 61% are national staff. Missions depend on national staff both for cost savings (since national staff typically earn less than international staff) and for local expertise and access. Yet tensions arising from status inequalities between national and international staff pose significant risks to individual staff performance and to unit effectiveness. Hostile mission environments and downsizing trends exacerbate these tensions. Drawing on extensive interviews in four UN peacekeeping operations, this brief recommends that missions: Counter the culture of inequality between national and international staff by upholding formal rank equivalents, reconsidering restrictions on some unit leadership positions, avoiding generalisations about individuals based on their staff category, and revisiting differential administrative policies. Visibly invest in national staff security by reviewing safety and security protocols for national staff, improving communication about protection policies, and improving mechanisms for national staff to report protection concerns. Carefully manage downsizing by instituting a transparent downsizing process, ensuring fairness across staff categories, working to retain relevant existing staff throughout mission drawdown, and placing greater emphasis on career management and employment transitions.
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Stogryn, Alex, i Mostafa A. Karam. The Multiple Scattering Contributions in the Strong Fluctuation Theory to the Microwave Brightness Temperature. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada277721.

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London, Jonathan D., i Bich-Hang Duong. The Politics of Education and Learning in Vietnam: Contributions to a Theory of Embedded Accountabilities. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe10.

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This paper locates many of the most important strengths and weaknesses in Vietnam’s education system in the politics of education and in features of the country’s education system’s societal embedding. By the politics of education, we mean the relations of power and authority and of domination, contestation, cooperation, and accommodation that shape the functioning of the education system as an institutional field. By the societal embeddedness, we refer to the system’s interdependent relation with its broader social and institutional environment. Understanding these elements of Vietnam’s education system is of vital importance for efforts to improve education systems’ performance in Vietnam and beyond.
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Dütsch, Matthias, i Ralf Himmelreicher. Characteristics contributing to low- and minimum-wage labour in Germany. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-54129.

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In this article we examine the characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany to understand their impact on the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage and low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey 2014 (SES). The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 compa-nies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and in-dustries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the indi-vidual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 percent of the differences in the employment situa-tion regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- and low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to indi-viduals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.
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Cafferata, Fernando G., Patricio Domínguez i Carlos Scartascini. Overconfidence and Gun Preferences: How Behavioral Biases Affect Your Safety. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004855.

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Overconfidence leads to risky behavior, including when people are around guns. Does overconfidence also shape attitudes about gun ownership and use? We evaluate this possibility by conducting nationally representative surveys in six countries in the Americas, including the United States. Results show that overconfident individuals are more willing to accept the use of guns and more likely to declare their willingness to use guns. These results indicate that overconfidence is a significant behavioral trait correlated with attitudes toward weapons handling, ownership, carrying, and use. Overall, over-confidence could lead, in equilibrium, to lower regulation than optimal and a higher amount of guns, even before considering the effect of the electoral system, lobbying, and campaign contributions. Efforts to correct the biases of individuals confronted with making decisions about guns should be a priority, especially in regulatory contexts. Information about actual performance and the risks entailed by wrong choices is a must. Obliging individuals to reflect on their choices may also help correct observed biases.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Feminist Foreign Policy: Contributions and Lessons. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.110.

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A relatively small number of countries have an explicit “Feminist Foreign Policy” (FFP). Those most often cited are Sweden, Canada, France, Mexico, and Spain. In theory, an FFP moves beyond gender mainstreaming in foreign development assistance to include: (1) a wider range of external actions, including defence, trade and diplomacy (2) a wider range of marginalised people, not just women. Within foreign development assistance, it implies a more coherent and systematically institutionalised approach to gender mainstreaming. In practice, those countries with an explicit FFP implement it in different ways. Canada currently focuses on development assistance, France on development assistance and formal diplomacy, Sweden more comprehensively covers the trade and defence policy arenas. Mexico and Spain are yet to produce detailed implementation plans. There is increasing academic interest in FFP, but most analyses found during the course of this rapid review focus on narrative content of policies rather than impact. Policy advocacy and advice is provided by several high-profile advocacy organisations. National government agencies in Sweden, France and Canada have produced some evaluations of their FFP, but the evidence is weak. There are many international institution evaluations of gender mainstreaming for many different sectors that are context-specific.
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Kangave, Jalia, Giovanni Occhiali i Ishmail Kamara. How Might the National Revenue Authority of Sierra Leone Enhance Revenue Collection by Taxing High Net Worth Individuals? Institute of Development Studies, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.008.

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In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, increasing domestic revenue mobilisation has become even more of a priority for low-income countries. One of the commonly untapped sources of revenue across many of these countries are high net worth individuals, who usually manage to avoid contributing their fair share of taxes. This is also the case in Sierra Leone, which signalled its intention to develop a strategy to increase compliance of this taxpayer segment in 2019. In this paper we provide an initial assessment of how fit for purpose the current legal setting is, as well as give a general picture of the most likely characteristics of high net worth individuals in the country. Our analysis is based on semi structured interviews with stakeholders from both the public and private sector, and currently available administrative data, and provides a series of suggestions for next steps in the development of a dedicated strategy.
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