Artykuły w czasopismach: „Contributions in space and time”

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Dépeault, Alexandra, El-Mehdi Meftah i C. Elaine Chapman. "Tactile Speed Scaling: Contributions of Time and Space". Journal of Neurophysiology 99, nr 3 (marzec 2008): 1422–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01209.2007.

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A major challenge for the brain is to extract precise information about the attributes of tactile stimuli from signals that co-vary with multiple parameters, e.g., speed and texture in the case of scanning movements. We determined the ability of humans to estimate the tangential speed of surfaces moved under the stationary fingertip and the extent to which the physical characteristics of the surfaces modify speed perception. Scanning speed ranged from 33 to 110 mm/s (duration of motion constant). Subjects could scale tactile scanning speed, but surface structure was essential because the subjects were poor at scaling the speed of a moving smooth surface. For textured surfaces, subjective magnitude estimates increased linearly across the range of speeds tested. The spatial characteristics of the surfaces influenced speed perception, with the roughest surface (8 mm spatial period, SP) being perceived as moving 15% slower than the smoother, textured surfaces (2–3 mm SP). Neither dot disposition (periodic, non periodic) nor dot density contributed to the results, suggesting that the critical factor was dot spacing in the direction of the scan. A single monotonic relation between subjective speed and temporal frequency (speed/SP) was obtained when the ratings were normalized for SP. This provides clear predictions for identifying those cortical neurons that play a critical role in tactile motion perception and the underlying neuronal code. Finally, the results were consistent with observations in the visual system (decreased subjective speed with a decrease in spatial frequency, 1/SP), suggesting that stimulus motion is processed similarly in both sensory systems.

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Steib, Imola, Sándor Nagy i János Polonyi. "Renormalization in Minkowski space–time". International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, nr 05 (20.02.2021): 2150031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21500317.

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The multiplicative and the functional renormalization group methods are applied for the four-dimensional scalar theory in Minkowski space–time. It is argued that the appropriate choice of the subtraction point is more important in Minkowski than in Euclidean space–time. The parameters of the cutoff theory, defined by a subtraction point in the quasi-particle domain, are complex due to the mass-shell contributions and the renormalization group flow becomes much more involved than its Euclidean counterpart.

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Metaxas, Dimitrios. "Instanton interaction in de Sitter space–time". International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, nr 33 (30.11.2018): 1850200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18502007.

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Because of the presence of a cosmological horizon, the dilute instanton gas approximation used for the derivation of the Coleman–De Luccia tunneling rate in de Sitter space–time receives additional contributions due to the finite instanton separation. Here, I calculate the first corrections to the vacuum decay rate that arise from this effect and depend on the parameters of the theory and the cosmological constant of the background space–time.

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Kirshenbaum, Nurit, Kylie Davidson, Jesse Harden, Chris North, Dylan Kobayashi, Ryan Theriot, Roderick S. Tabalba i in. "Traces of Time through Space". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, ISS (3.11.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3488552.

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Technology have long been a partner of workplace meeting facilitation. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 and the cautionary measures to reduce its spread have made it more prevalent than ever before in the form of online-meetings. In this paper, we recount our experiences during weekly meetings in three modalities: using SAGE2 - a collaborative sharing software designed for large displays - for co-located meetings, using a conventional projector for co-located meetings, and using the Zoom video-conferencing tool for distributed meetings. We view these meetings through the lens of effective meeting attributes and share ethnographic observations and attitudinal survey conducted in our research lab. We discuss patterns of content sharing, either sequential, parallel, or semi-parallel, and the potential advantages of creating complex canvases of content. We see how the SAGE2 tool affords parallel content sharing to create complex canvases, which represent queues of ideas and contributions (past, present, and future) using the space on a large display to suggest the progression of time through the meeting.

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Polt, Richard. "Evoking the Momentous Site: Time-Space in the Contributions to Philosophy". Heidegger Circle Proceedings 37 (2003): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/heideggercircle2003372.

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Fabbri, Marco, Nicola Cellini, Monica Martoni, Lorenzo Tonetti i Vincenzo Natale. "The Mechanisms of Space-Time Association: Comparing Motor and Perceptual Contributions in Time Reproduction". Cognitive Science 37, nr 7 (30.04.2013): 1228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12038.

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Milliken, Bruce, Juan Lupiáñez, Martha Roberts i Biljana Stevanovski. "Orienting in space and time: Joint contributions to exogenous spatial cuing effects". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 10, nr 4 (grudzień 2003): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196547.

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De Bièvre, Dirk, Patricia Garcia-Duran, Leif Johan Eliasson i Oriol Costa. "Editorial: Politicization of EU Trade Policy Across Time and Space". Politics and Governance 8, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i1.3055.

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This editorial provides an introduction to the thematic issue “Politicization of EU Trade Policy Across Time and Space.” The academic editors place the issue in the context of the current literature, introduce the contributions, and discuss how the articles, individually and jointly, add to the state of the art.

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POULIS, F. P., i J. M. SALIM. "WEYL GEOMETRY AS CHARACTERIZATION OF SPACE-TIME". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 03 (styczeń 2011): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194511001176.

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Motivated by an axiomatic approach to characterize space-time it is investigated a reformulation of Einstein's gravity where the pseudo-riemannian geometry is substituted by a Weyl one. It is presented the main properties of the Weyl geometry and it is shown that it gives extra contributions to the trajectories of test particles, serving as one more motivation to study general relativity in Weyl geometry. It is introduced its variational formalism and it is established the coupling with other physical fields in such a way that the theory acquires a gauge symmetry for the geometrical fields. It is shown that this symmetry is still present for the red-shift and it is concluded that for cosmological models it opens the possibility that observations can be fully described by the new geometrical scalar field. It is concluded then that this reformulation, although representing a theoretical advance, still needs a complete description of their objects.

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FODA, OMAR. "MOMENTUM-SUBTRACTION RENORMALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN CURVED SPACE-TIME". International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, nr 05 (październik 1987): 1549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000818.

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Momentum-subtraction techniques, specifically BPHZ and Zimmermann’s Normal Product algorithm, are introduced as useful tools in the study of quantum field theories in the presence of background fields. In a model of a self-interacting massive scalar field, conformally coupled to a general asymptotically-flat curved space-time with a trivial topology, momentum-subtractions are shown to respect invariance under general coordinate transformations. As an illustration, general expressions for the trace anomalies are derived, and checked by explicit evaluation of the purely gravitational contributions in the free field theory limit. Furthermore, the trace of the renormalized energy-momentum tensor is shown to vanish at the Gell-Mann Low eigenvalue as it should.

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Vial, Jean-Claude. "Space solar missions". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S264 (sierpień 2009): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309993127.

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AbstractIn the frame of Symposium 264 which concerns Solar and Stellar Variability we address the space solar missions devoted to the various aspects of solar activity. We describe them in three time categories: missions ready for launch, missions which will operate in the 2012-2015 time frame and ambitious missions to be launched after 2015. We focus on the contributions of these missions according to the following criteria: Understanding mechanisms of activity, Improving detection and characterisation, Working out some prediction. Major activity contributors and manifestations are addressed: Coronal Mass Ejections, Flares, Solar winds, Magnetism (including dynamo), Irradiance.

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McCammon, Catherine, Hélène Bureau, James H. Cleaves, Elizabeth Cottrell, Susannah M. Dorfman, Louise H. Kellogg, Jie Li i in. "Deep Earth carbon reactions through time and space". American Mineralogist 105, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6888ccby.

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Abstract Reactions involving carbon in the deep Earth have limited manifestations on Earth's surface, yet they have played a critical role in the evolution of our planet. The metal-silicate partitioning reaction promoted carbon capture during Earth's accretion and may have sequestered substantial carbon in Earth's core. The freezing reaction involving iron-carbon liquid could have contributed to the growth of Earth's inner core and the geodynamo. The redox melting/freezing reaction largely controls the movement of carbon in the modern mantle, and reactions between carbonates and silicates in the deep mantle also promote carbon mobility. The 10-year activity of the Deep Carbon Observatory has made important contributions to our knowledge of how these reactions are involved in the cycling of carbon throughout our planet, both past and present, and has helped to identify gaps in our understanding that motivate and give direction to future studies.

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Koutsopoulos, Kostis C., i Yannis K. Kotsanis. "Space without Time and Time without Space in Education". Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science 36, nr 12 (22.12.2023): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2023/v36i121286.

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Aims: The objectives of the article are three-fold: first, to show that space and time are interrelated when teaching and learning is considered, creating the need to examine space and time in an integrated and inter-dimensional framework; second, to propose an integrated approach to the concept of space-time as a useful teaching and learning issue, allowing us to unmask the true time-space consideration in education; and third, to argue for the relevance of analyzing the concept of space-time (S-T) as a paramount issue in the research on teaching and learning. Study Design: Due to the ongoing societal and technological changes, the S-T is changing extremely fast and new conceptualizations are required in order to examine how such evolving space-time approaches can operate as a tool for teaching and learning. This paper provides such a conceptualization. Methodology: This article should be considered as a theoretical contribution to how the existing conceptualization of space-time in education should be redefined to address emerging teaching and learning paradigm shifts, which have an impact on its consideration and use. As a theoretical paper it does not follow the traditional approaches of research papers (i.e., provide: exact methodology, collection of data, analysis and conclusions based on the analysis). Results: It has been established: first, that in education the spatial domain is not defined by the classroom, while the temporal domain is not defined by the lessons’ timing; second, space and time are multi-dimensional, which have an impact on how space-time should be considered; and third, the S-T has evolved from a four-dimension (space: x, y, z; time: t) consideration to a multi-dimensional and later on to an inter-dimensional concept, demanding an integrated approach to teaching and learning.

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Li, Huao, Tianwei Ni, Siddharth Agrawal, Dana Hughes i Katia Sycara. "Team Synchronization and Individual Contributions in Coop-Space Fortress". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, nr 1 (grudzień 2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641023.

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This work studied human teamwork with a concentration on the influence of team synchronization and in- dividual differences on performance. Human participants were paired to complete collaborative tasks in a simulated game environment, in which they were assigned roles with corresponding responsibilities. Cross- correlation analysis was employed to quantify the degree of team synchronization and time-lag between two teammates’ collective actions. Results showed that team performance is determined by factors at both the individual and team levels. We found interaction effects between team synchronization and individual differences and quantified their contributions to team performance. The application of our research findings and proposed quantitative methods for developing adaptive agents for human-autonomy teaming is discussed.

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Frehse, Fraya. "Time and the production of space in sociology". Sociologia & Antropologia 11, nr 2 (sierpień 2021): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2238-38752021v1122.

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Abstract What does the category “time” disclose in conceptual terms about the spatialization of social phenomena, the so-called production of space? By considering that since the 1950s sociology has embraced various theoretical frameworks for tackling the sociospatial process at hand, the paper answers this question in four analytic steps. Based on the ascertainment that (Section 1) these approaches address the temporalities of the respective research objects by means of definite spatialities, one peculiar history of sociology comes to the forefront. This history comprises (Section 2) four original ways of addressing the spatialization of social phenomena methodologically which were developed by Erving Goffman, Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Bourdieu, and Martina Löw. The seven temporal-spatial scales implicit in these accounts suggest (Section 3) that the production of space is a simultaneously poly-temporal and poly-spatial social phenomenon. Its temporalities and spatialities contain (Section 4) two methodological contributions to the recent sociological debate on the issue.

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Smorkalov, I. A. "Soil Respiration Variability: Contributions of Space and Time Estimated Using the Random Forest Algorithm". Russian Journal of Ecology 53, nr 4 (19.07.2022): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1067413622040051.

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Yefremov, A. P. "Gravitational contributions to pioneer space probe decelerations and the time-delay-doppler “Relativistic Confusion”". Gravitation and Cosmology 15, nr 2 (kwiecień 2009): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0202289309020030.

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Klapka, Pavel, Kajsa Ellegård i Bohumil Frantál. "What about Time-Geography in the post-Covid-19 era?" Moravian Geographical Reports 28, nr 4 (1.12.2020): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0017.

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Abstract In this year, 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has imposed new challenges for most human activities. Time-geography is a theoretical approach with great potential for analysing the consequences of the new disease and other disturbances, and this article aims at identifying possible developments of interest for the approach in the post-Covid era. The article addresses challenges that emerge for time-geographic research from the perspective of massive changes in human behaviour, regarding time-space activity patterns, caused by the globally diffusing disease. The implications of the pandemic are discussed with respect to four areas: (i) time-geographic techniques; (ii) activities and rhythms; (iii) activity spaces; and (iv) social issues and perceptions. The time-geographic concepts to be scrutinised are constraints, virtual time space and bundles, and stations and paths. In addition, the article introduces this Special Issue of the Moravian Geographical Reports on ‘Current issues, methods and applications in time-geography’, contributions which for evident reasons were written before the onset of the pandemic.

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DINEYKHAN, M., i Kh NAMSRAI. "QUANTUM SPACE-TIME AND ESTIMATIONS ON THE VALUE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL LENGTH". Modern Physics Letters A 01, nr 03 (czerwiec 1986): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732386000269.

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Generalizing the idea of quantum space-time to the quantum mechanical case we re-analyze low energy processes and consider the nuclear radii, the Lamb shift and hyperfine structure of the hydrogen atom. Calculations of the contributions to these measurements due to quantum space-time structure allow us to obtain estimates on the value of the fundamental length L. Among them, hyperfine structure gives the most stringent bound, L≤10−19 cm.

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CARRER, J. A. M., i W. J. MANSUR. "TIME-DOMAIN BEM ANALYSIS FOR THE 2D SCALAR WAVE EQUATION: INITIAL CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTIONS TO SPACE AND TIME DERIVATIVES". International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39, nr 13 (15.07.1996): 2169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0207(19960715)39:13<2169::aid-nme949>3.0.co;2-1.

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Zwick, Lorenz, Pedro R. Capelo, Elisa Bortolas, Verónica Vázquez-Aceves, Lucio Mayer i Pau Amaro-Seoane. "Improved gravitational radiation time-scales II: Spin–orbit contributions and environmental perturbations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506, nr 1 (30.06.2021): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1818.

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ABSTRACT Peters’ formula is an analytical estimate of the time-scale of gravitational wave (GW)-induced coalescence of binary systems. It is used in countless applications, where the convenience of a simple formula outweighs the need for precision. However, many promising sources of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), such as supermassive black hole binaries and extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), are expected to enter the LISA band with highly eccentric (e ≳ 0.9) and highly relativistic orbits. These are exactly the two limits in which Peters’ estimate performs the worst. In this work, we expand upon previous results and give simple analytical fits to quantify how the inspiral time-scale is affected by the relative 1.5 post-Newtonian (PN) hereditary fluxes and spin–orbit couplings. We discuss several cases that demand a more accurate GW time-scale. We show how this can have a major influence on quantities that are relevant for LISA event-rate estimates, such as the EMRI critical semimajor axis. We further discuss two types of environmental perturbations that can play a role in the inspiral phase: the gravitational interaction with a third massive body and the energy loss due to dynamical friction and torques from a surrounding gas medium ubiquitous in galactic nuclei. With the aid of PN corrections to the time-scale in vacuum, we find simple analytical expressions for the regions of phase space in which environmental perturbations are of comparable strength to the effects of any particular PN order, being able to qualitatively reproduce the results of much more sophisticated analyses.

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CAPRASSE, H., J. DEMARET, K. GATERMANN i H. MELENK. "POWER-LAW TYPE SOLUTIONS OF FOURTH-ORDER GRAVITY FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL BIANCHI I UNIVERSES". International Journal of Modern Physics C 02, nr 02 (czerwiec 1991): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183191000901.

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This paper is devoted to the application of computer algebra to the study of solutions of the field equations derived from a non-linear Lagrangian, as suggested by recently proposed unified theories. More precisely, we restrict ourselves to the most general quadratic Lagrangian, i.e. containing quadratic contributions in the different curvature tensors exclusively. The corresponding field equations are then fourth-order in the metric tensor components. The cosmological models studied are the simplest ones in the class of spatially homogeneous but anisotropic models, i.e. Bianchi I models. For these models, we consider only power-law type solutions of the field equations. All the solutions of the associated system of algebraic equations are found, using computer algebra, from a search of its Groebner bases. While, in space dimension d=3, the Einsteinian-Kasner metric is still the most general power-law type solution, for d>3, no solution, other than the Minkowski space-time, is common to the three systems of equations corresponding to the three contributions to the Lagrangian density. In the case of a pure Riemann-squared contribution to the Lagrangian (suggested by a recent calculation of the effective action for the heterotic string), the possibility exists to realize a splitting of the d-dimensional space into a (d−3)-dimensional internal space and a physical 3-dimensional space, the latter expanding in time as a power bigger than 2 (about 4.5 when d=9).

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Rogers, D. J., i B. G. Williams. "Monitoring trypanosomiasis in space and time". Parasitology 106, S1 (styczeń 1993): S77—S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000086133.

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SUMMARYThe paper examines the possible contributions to be made by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to studies on human and animal trypanosomiasis in Africa. The epidemiological characteristics of trypanosomiasis are reviewed in the light of the formula for the basic reproductive rate or number of vector-borne diseases. The paper then describes how important biological characteristics of the vectors of trypanosomiasis in West Africa may be monitored using data from the NOAA series of meteorological satellites. This will lead to an understanding of the spatial distribution of both vectors and disease. An alternative, statistical approach to understanding the spatial distribution of tsetse, based on linear discriminant analysis, is illustrated with the example of Glossina morsitans in Zimbabwe, Kenya and Tanzania. In the case of Zimbabwe, a single climatic variable, the maximum of the mean monthly temperature, correctly predicts the pre-rinderpest distribution of tsetse over 82% of the country; additional climatic and vegetation variables do not improve considerably on this figure. In the cases of Kenya and Tanzania, however, another variable, the maximum of the mean monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, is the single most important variable, giving correct predictions over 69 % of the area; the other climatic and vegetation variables improve this to 82 % overall. Such statistical analyses can guide field work towards the correct biological interpretation of the distributional limits of vectors and may also be used to make predictions about the impact of global change on vector ranges. Examples are given of the areas of Zimbabwe which would become climatically suitable for tsetse given mean temperature increases of 1, 2 and 3 °Centigrade. Five possible causes for sleeping sickness outbreaks are given, illustrated by the analysis of field data or from the output of mathematical models. One cause is abiotic (variation in rainfall), three are biotic (variation in vectorial potential, host immunity, or parasite virulence) and one is historical (the impact of explorers, colonizers and dictators). The implications for disease monitoring, in order to anticipate sleeping sickness outbreaks, are briefly discussed. It is concluded that present data are inadequate to distinguish between these hypotheses. The idea that sleeping sickness outbreaks are periodic (i.e. cyclical) is only barely supported by hard data. Hence it is even difficult to conclude whether the major cause of sleeping sickness outbreaks is biotic (which, in model situations, tends to produce cyclical epidemics) or abiotic. The conclusions emphasize that until we understand more about the variation in space and time of tsetse and trypanosomiasis distribution and abundance we shall not be in a position to benefit from the advances made by GIS. The potential is there, however, to re-introduce the spatial and temporal elements into epidemiological studies that are currently often neglected.

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Zeldin, Oliver B., Markus Gerstel i Elspeth F. Garman. "RADDOSE-3D: time- and space-resolved modelling of dose in macromolecular crystallography". Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, nr 4 (22.06.2013): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813011461.

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RADDOSE-3D allows the macroscopic modelling of an X-ray diffraction experiment for the purpose of better predicting radiation-damage progression. The distribution of dose within the crystal volume is calculated for a number of iterations in small angular steps across one or more data collection wedges, providing a time-resolved picture of the dose state of the crystal. The code is highly modular so that future contributions from the community can be easily integrated into it, in particular to incorporate online methods for determining the shape of macromolecular crystals and better protocols for imaging real experimental X-ray beam profiles.

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Kulikov, I. K., i P. I. Pronin. "Finite temperature contributions to the renormalized energy-momentum tensor for an arbitrary curved space-time". Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 38, nr 2 (luty 1988): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01596487.

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Paik, A. Naomi, Jason Ruiz i Rebecca M. Schreiber. "Sanctuary’s Radical Networks". Radical History Review 2019, nr 135 (1.10.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7607797.

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Abstract This editors’ introduction examines the genealogies of sanctuary as a space—and movement-based oppositional practice, one that contests the sovereign power of the nation-state and the structural roots of multiple, intersecting oppressions. Like each contribution to this special issue, the introduction challenges readers to reconsider the meanings and possibilities of sanctuary movements across time and place. It raises contexts and themes that are investigated in the issue’s contributions on the struggles of migrant communities in a context of increasingly militarized borders, Indigenous practices of radical hospitality, GLBTQ spaces of refuge, policing reform efforts, and practices of civil disobedience. This introduction looks to both the history and the radical future of sanctuary.

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Schill, Stephan W., Christian J. Tams i Rainer Hofmann. "Oceans and Space: New Frontiers in Investment Protection?" Journal of World Investment & Trade 19, nr 5-6 (15.10.2018): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340119.

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Abstract This article provides background and introduces into the overarching themes of the contributions to the Special Issue dealing with investment protection in areas beyond territorial jurisdiction at sea and in outer space. It explains that fast-paced commercialization, evolving technological advances, and the inevitable need for regulatory intervention make the oceans and space into an increasingly important topic in international investment law. At the same time, investment lawyers, as well as experts in the law of the sea and space law, have largely ignored the legal issues foreign investments raise in these spaces. The article sketches out a framework for addressing the underlying issues from an investment law perspective, pointing out both familiar conceptual approaches and novel challenges.

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Camacho, Abel, i Alfredo Macías. "Space–time torsion contribution to quantum interference phases". Physics Letters B 617, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 2005): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.04.065.

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Brock, L. M. "Stoneley Wave Generation in Joined Materials With and Without Thermal Relaxation Due to Thermal Mismatch". Journal of Applied Mechanics 74, nr 5 (4.02.2007): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2723826.

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Two perfectly bonded, thermoelastic half-spaces differ only in their thermal parameters. Their governing equations include as special cases the Fourier heat conduction model and models with either one or two thermal relaxation times. An exact solution in transform space for the problem of line loads applied to the interface is obtained. Even though the elastic properties of the half-spaces are identical, a Stoneley function arises, and conditions for the existence of roots are more restrictive than for the isothermal case of two elastically dissimilar half-spaces. Moreover, roots may be either real or imaginary. An exact expression for the time transform of the Stoneley residue contribution to interface temperature change is derived. Asymptotic results for the inverse that, valid for either very short or very long times after load application, is obtained and show that, for long times, residue contributions for all three special cases obey Fourier heat conduction. Short-time results are sensitive to case differences. In particular, a time step load produces a propagating step in temperature for the Fourier and double-relaxation time models, but a propagating impulse for the single-relaxation time model.

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Silva Ramos, Daniele. "FULL-TIME EDUCATION". Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 4, nr 05 (5.10.2023): 368–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/gei.v4i05.1618.

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Full-Time Comprehensive Education is an educational process aimed at the development of the student in its entirety, in its cognitive, political-social, ethical-cultural or socio-emotional aspects. This study adopts a qualitative, descriptive approach that uses theoretical contributions to investigate the challenges in the effectiveness of this extension of the student journey, taking as an essential point not only the focus on extending time, but rather a differentiated school organization, with a curriculum more diverse that allows immersion in studies and a variety of development opportunities. It proposes reflections on the impacts of these actions on the formation of youth protagonism. The results reaffirm that the Full Time Integral School is a privileged space for young people to start acting actively and decisively in their learning and life journey.

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LaRose, Christina Najla. "Counter Fictions and Imaginary Topographies: Auto/Biographical Methodologies and the Construction of Group Knowledge in Evelyn Shakir’s Bint Arab: Arab and Arab American Women in the United States". HAWWA 12, nr 2-3 (30.10.2014): 237–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341265.

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In this contribution, I identify two of Evelyn Shakir’s methodological contributions inBint Arab: Arab and Arab American Women in the United States: counter fictions and imaginary topographies. First, I demonstrate how Shakir’s counter fictions complicate Nancy Hartsock’s (1997) argument that group knowledge is locatable in time, space and particular cultures. Second, I explore how Shakir’s imaginary topographies which are depicted through an autobiographical narrative voice—an intergenerational interlocutor—document movements between multiple voices and various actual and imagined locations. Shakir’s methodologies make important contributions to our understanding of Arab women’s diasporic experiences, feminist standpoint theory and women of color feminisms. Moreover, Shakir’s multivocal interdisciplinary narratives establish methodological parameters for the emerging field of Arab American Women’s Studies.

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Pollock, M. D. "The Superstring Propagator and the Signature of Space-Time". Modern Physics Letters A 12, nr 14 (10.05.1997): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773239700100x.

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The Faddeev (Newton–Wigner) propagator K for the heterotic superstring theory is derived from the Wheeler–DeWitt equation for the wave function of the Universe Ψ, obtained in the four-dimensional (mini-superspace) Friedmann space-time ds2=dt2-a2(t)dx2, after reduction from the ten-action. The effect of higher-derivative terms ℛ2 is to break the local invariance under time reparametrization to a global symmetry t→λt, and consequently there are no ghost or gauge-fixing contributions, a functional integral over the (constant) Lagrange multiplier λ being sufficient to enforce the Hamiltonian constraint implicitly. After Wick rotation of the time, [Formula: see text], the only physically acceptable solution for K decreases exponentially on the Planck time-scale ~ t P , explaining from the quantum cosmological viewpoint why the signature of space-time is Lorentzian rather than Euclidean. This is analogous to the case of the (two-dimensional) free relativistic scalar particle, discussed recently by Redmount and Suen, who found that the propagator decreases exponentially outside the light-cone on the scale of the Compton wavelength of the particle (in accordance with the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle). These two seemingly different forms of acausality are thus physically excluded in the same way. The propagator for the Schwarzschild black hole of mass M is also obtained from the Schrödinger equation for the wave function on the apparent horizon, due to Tomimatsu, and the Hawking temperature T H =(8π M)-1 is derived from the Euclidean form of this equation.

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Genthon, Christophe. "Space–time Antarctic surface mass-balance variability from climate models". Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814294.

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AbstractThe interannual to interdecadal variability and space–time statistics (including radius of decorrelation) of the Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) are evaluated from climate models and meteorological analyses. At model resolution scales (>100 km), the interannual relative standard deviation of precipitation ranges from ∼5% (remotest interior) to ∼40% and possibly more. Time variability is spatially coherent at distances of ∼500km on average, less than 300 km in the interior near ridges, but in excess of 700 km in some regions. As far as spatial distributions are concerned, interannual statistics can be broadly transposed to interdecadal time-scales. The amplitude of variability may also be extrapolated across time-scales, using a ‘white’ spectrum hypothesis according to one coupled ocean– atmosphere model, but a significantly ‘red’ spectrum hypothesis according to another. Surface sublimation and blowing-snow processes are estimated to have limited contributions to the statistics of the SMB at model-resolved scales. Precipitation statistics can thus largely be transposed to SMB. The information reported here is expected to be useful for defining the details of field programmes such as the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE), for extrapolating the spatial significance of field SMB data and for better interpreting Antarctic ice-sheet surface elevation changes from satellite altimetry.

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Escors, David, i Grazyna Kochan. "Covariant Space-Time Line Elements in the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker Geometry". Axioms 11, nr 7 (26.06.2022): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11070310.

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Most quantum gravity theories quantize space-time on the order of Planck length (ℓp ). Some of these theories, such as loop quantum gravity (LQG), predict that this discreetness could be manifested through Lorentz invariance violations (LIV) over travelling particles at astronomical length distances. However, reports on LIV are controversial, and space discreetness could still be compatible with Lorentz invariance. Here, it is tested whether space quantization on the order of Planck length could still be compatible with Lorentz invariance through the application of a covariant geometric uncertainty principle (GeUP) as a constraint over geodesics in FRW geometries. Space-time line elements compatible with the uncertainty principle are calculated for a homogeneous, isotropic expanding Universe represented by the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker solution to General Relativity (FLRW or FRW metric). A generic expression for the quadratic proper space-time line element is derived, proportional to Planck length-squared, and dependent on two contributions. The first is associated to the energy–time uncertainty, and the second depends on the Hubble function. The results are in agreement with space-time quantization on the expected length orders, according to quantum gravity theories, and within experimental constraints on putative LIV.

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LEE, JUNGJAI, i YEONG DEOK HAN. "COMPOSITE OPERATORS AND TOPOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN GAUGE THEORY". Modern Physics Letters A 16, nr 11 (10.04.2001): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301003899.

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In D-dimensional gauge theory with a kinetic term based on p-form tensor gauge field, we introduce a gauge-invariant operator associated with the composite form from an electric (p - 1)-brane and a magnetic (q - 1)-brane in D = p + q + 1 space–time dimensions. By evaluating the partition function of this operator, we show that the expectation value of this operator gives rise to the topological contributions identical to those in gauge theory with a topological Chern–Simons BF term.

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36

Yan, Mu-Lin. "One Electron Atom in Special Relativity with de Sitter Space-Time Symmetry (II): — Higher Order Contributions". Communications in Theoretical Physics 62, nr 2 (sierpień 2014): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/62/2/04.

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Sun, Min-Yu, Mariangela Chisari, Lawrence N. Eisenman, Charles F. Zorumski i Steven J. Mennerick. "Contributions of space-clamp errors to apparent time-dependent loss of Mg2+ block induced by NMDA". Journal of Neurophysiology 118, nr 1 (1.07.2017): 532–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00106.2017.

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N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) govern synaptic plasticity, development, and neuronal response to insult. Prolonged activation of NMDARs such as during an insult may activate secondary currents or modulate Mg2+ sensitivity, but the conditions under which these occur are not fully defined. We reexamined the effect of prolonged NMDAR activation in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices. NMDA (10 μM) elicited current with the expected negative-slope conductance in the presence of 1.2 mM Mg2+. However, several minutes of continued NMDA exposure elicited additional inward current at −70 mV. A higher concentration of NMDA (100 µM) elicited the current more rapidly. The additional current was not dependent on Ca2+, network activity, or metabotropic NMDAR function and did not persist on agonist removal. Voltage ramps revealed no alteration of either reversal potential or NMDA-elicited conductance between −30 mV and +50 mV. The result was a more linear NMDA current-voltage relationship. The current linearization was also induced in interneurons and in mature dentate granule neurons but not immature dentate granule cells, dissociated cultured hippocampal neurons, or nucleated patches excised from CA1 pyramidal neurons. Comparative simulations of NMDA application to a CA1 pyramidal neuron and to a cultured neuron revealed that linearization can be explained by space-clamp errors arising from gradual recruitment of distal dendritic NMDARs. We conclude that persistent secondary currents do not strongly contribute to NMDAR responses in juvenile mouse hippocampus and careful discernment is needed to exclude contributions of clamp artifacts to apparent secondary currents. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that upon sustained activation of NMDARs in juvenile mouse hippocampal neurons there is apparent loss of Mg2+ block at negative membrane potentials. However, the phenomenon is explained by loss of dendritic voltage clamp, leading to a linear current-voltage relationship. Our results give a specific example of how spatial voltage errors in voltage-clamp recordings can readily be misinterpreted as biological modulation.

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38

Fowler, Christopher S., Barrett A. Lee i Stephen A. Matthews. "The Contributions of Places to Metropolitan Ethnoracial Diversity and Segregation: Decomposing Change Across Space and Time". Demography 53, nr 6 (25.10.2016): 1955–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0517-3.

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Frehse, Fraya. "Relational space through historically relational time – in the bodies of São Paulo’s pedestrians". Current Sociology 65, nr 4 (12.04.2017): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117697462.

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This article methodologically develops one theoretical issue regarding the sociological debate on relational space: How do past, present and future times interfere in the relations between human bodies and in their interconnectedness with material and/or symbolic goods in places, by considering that space is generated through these relations? After demonstrating the absence of this issue in the debate, the article presents a methodology for analytically identifying and conceptually interpreting the relational space produced through historically relational time in relational bodies in places, with the aid of Henri Lefebvre’s dialectical concerns with everyday life and the production of space. In order to show the approach ‘in action’, the study focuses on the rules of pedestrians’ body conduct in the cathedral square of the Brazilian city of São Paulo in 2013–2014. Hence the approach is analytically complemented by Erving Goffman’s phenomenological approach to the bodily dimension of social interaction. In conclusion, three contributions of this methodology for relational-spatial sociology are summarized.

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Marathe, Thyagaraja, Saeed Daneshmand i Gérard Lachapelle. "Assessment of Measurement Distortions in GNSS Antenna Array Space-Time Processing". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2154763.

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Antenna array processing techniques are studied in GNSS as effective tools to mitigate interference in spatial and spatiotemporal domains. However, without specific considerations, the array processing results in biases and distortions in the cross-ambiguity function (CAF) of the ranging codes. Inspace-time processing (STP)the CAF misshaping can happen due to the combined effect of space-time processing and the unintentional signal attenuation by filtering. This paper focuses on characterizing these degradations for different controlled signal scenarios and for live data from an antenna array. The antenna array simulation method introduced in this paper enables one to perform accurate analyses in the field of STP. The effects of relative placement of the interference source with respect to the desired signal direction are shown using overall measurement errors and profile of the signal strength. Analyses of contributions from each source of distortion are conducted individually and collectively. Effects of distortions on GNSS pseudorange errors and position errors are compared forblind,semi-distortionless,anddistortionlessbeamforming methods. The results from characterization can be useful for designing low distortion filters that are especially important for high accuracy GNSS applications in challenging environments.

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García-Esparza, Juan Antonio. "Abandon and reuse - The engineered space at a time of pandemics". VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 7, nr 1 (29.06.2022): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2022.17331.

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This paper critically explores the evaluation of Historic Centres (HC) to establish new perspectives for the management of their values and attributes. The unconventional interpretation of these HC relies on therevision of the UNESCO Operational Guidelines to achieve new approaches to the cultural diversity of these spaces. A methodological approach based on interviews and open data cross-referencing aims to integrate the social and cultural aspects of the World Heritage cities (WH) in Spain. The research analyses the eventual cultural, architectural and social stratification as elements that need updating to manage HC. Therefore, this research addresses narrative interpretations, both of inhabitants and visitors, as forms of behaviour, expressions and adaptations that result in idiosyncratic innovation and experimentation in the urban fabric. The research steams from a series of scientific contributions to the research projects Writing Urban Places, COST Action 18126, and Dynamics of placemaking, COST Action 18204, (2019-2023). Through a mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the research aims to analyse the interdependenciesbetween physical conservation, social awareness and sustainable development of some WH areas in Spain.Data is analysed by means of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to spatially comprehend the engineeredspace in medium-sized heritage cities.

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Zhu, Yaoyao, i Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling. "Spatio-Temporal Changes and Driving Forces Analysis of Urban Open Spaces in Shanghai between 1980 and 2020: An Integrated Geospatial Approach". Remote Sensing 16, nr 7 (28.03.2024): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16071184.

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Although there is extensive research demonstrating the significant loss and fragmentation of urban spaces caused by rapid urbanization, to date, no empirical research in Shanghai has investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban open spaces using a comprehensive set of integrated geospatial techniques based on long-sequence time series. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and using the Random Forest (RF) classifier, multiple techniques, namely landscape metrics, trend analysis, open space ratio, transition matrix, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and fractal dimension analysis, were applied to analyze the Landsat satellite data. Next, Geographic Detector (GeoDetector) methods were used to investigate the driving forces of such spatial variations. The results showed that (1) the RF classification algorithm, supported by the GEE, can accurately and quickly obtain a research object dataset, and that calculating the optimal spatial grain size for open space pattern was 70 m; (2) open spaces exhibited declining and contracting trends; and open spaces in the city experienced a decline from 91.83% in 1980 to 69.63% in 2020. Meanwhile, the degree of open spaces in each district increased to different extents, whilst connectivity markedly decreased. Furthermore, the open space of city center districts showed the lowest rate of decrease, with open space patterns fragmenting due to encroaching urbanization; (3) the contribution of socioeconomic factors to the spatial–temporal changes in open space continually has increased over the past 40 years, and were also higher than natural geographic factors to some extent. Apart from offering policy insights guiding the future spatial planning and development of the city, this paper has contributions from both methodological and empirical perspectives. Based on integrated remote sensing and geographic information science (GIS) techniques, this paper provides updated evidence and a clearer understanding of the spatiotemporal variations in urban spaces and their influencing mechanisms in Shanghai.

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Giesbrecht, Mateus, i Celso Pascoli Bottura. "Recursive Immuno-Inspired Algorithm for Time Variant Discrete Multivariable Dynamic System State Space Identification". International Journal of Natural Computing Research 5, nr 2 (kwiecień 2015): 69–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijncr.2015040104.

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In this paper a recursive immuno inspired algorithm is proposed to identify time variant discrete multivariable dynamic systems. The main contribution of this paper has as starting point the idea that a multivariable dynamic system state space model can be seen as a point in a space defined by all possible matrices quadruples that define a state space model. With this in mind, the time variant discrete multivariable dynamic system modeling is transformed in an optimization problem and this problem is solved with an immuno inspired algorithm. To do that the inputs given to the system and the resulting outputs are divided in small sets containing data from small time intervals. These sets are defined as time windows, and for each window an immuno inspired optimization algorithm is applied to find the state space model that better represents the system at that time interval. The initial candidate solutions of each time interval are the ones of the last interval. The immuno inspired algorithm proposed in this paper has some modifications to the original Opt-AINet algorithm to deal with the constraints that are natural from the system identification problem and these modifications are also contributions of this paper. The method proposed in this paper was applied to identify a time variant benchmark system, resulting in a time variant model. The outputs estimated with this model are closer to the benchmark system outputs than the outputs estimated with models obtained by other known identification methods. The Markov parameters of the variant benchmark system are also reproduced by the time variant model found with the new method.

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Schweizer, Karl. "Visual Search, Reaction Time, and Cognitive Ability". Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, nr 1 (luty 1998): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.1.79.

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The contributions of visual search to reaction time and cognitive ability were investigated with 45 subjects. Visual search was assessed via eye movements. The electrooculogram was recorded while a subject located letters arranged in a large display. Reaction time was obtained for a search task. A reasoning and a space scale served to assess cognitive ability. Substantial correlations of number, amplitude, and velocity of saccades with reaction time were obtained. Significant correlations of scores on ability scales with reaction times and amplitudes of saccades were also observed. Obviously, subjects of higher ability showed amplitudes better adjusted to the distances between the letters than those of lower ability.

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Ahmed, Bhutto Jaseem, Qin Bo, Qu Jabo, Zhai Xiaowei i Abdullah Maitlo. "Urban Road Traffic Sign Detection & Recognition with Time Space Relationship Model". Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies 4, nr 1 (10.06.2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v4i1.860.

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Detection and recognition of urban road traffic signs is an important part of the Modern Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). It is a driver support function which can be used to notify and warn the driver for any possible incidence on the current stretch of road. This paper presents a robust and novel Time Space Relationship Model for high positive urban road traffic sign detection and recognition for a running vehicle. There are three main contributions of the proposed framework. Firstly, it applies fast color-segment algorithm based on color information to extract candidate areas of traffic signs and reduce the computation load. Secondly, it verifies the traffic sign candidate areas to decrease false positives and raise the accuracy by analysing the variation in preceding video-images sequence while implementing the proposed Time Space Relationship Model. Lastly, the classification is done with Support Vector Machine with dataset from real-time detection of TSRM. Experimental results indicate that the accuracy, efficiency, and the robustness of the framework are satisfied on urban road and detect road traffic sign in real time.

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Лаговська, Валерія Олександрівна, i Галина Олександрівна Олейнікова. "THE HISTORY OF THE CHRONOTOPE RESEARCH". Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University Series Germanic Studies and Intercultural Communication, nr 1 (21.08.2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-3426/2023-1-4.

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The article examines the concept of the chronotope and its significance in the field of philological research. It offers a historical perspective on the study of space-time, starting from ancient Greek scientists and extending to influential thinkers of our time. The interdisciplinary nature of the study of time and space is investigated by exploring the contributions of renowned philosophers (Zeno of Elea, R. Descartes, I. Kant), mathematicians (H. Poincaré, B. Russell), physicists (G. Galilei, A. Einstein), and geographers (Ptolemy, Eratosthenes) who considered these aspects prior to the introduction of the term by M. Bakhtin in philological discourse and O.Ukhtomskyi in the biological scientific field. Considerable contributions are noted from Western philologists such as T. Adorno, G.Prince, E. Said, J.-F. Lyotard, E. Auerbach, and J. Derrida, who studied the artistic chronotope as an aesthetic, philosophical, political, social, historical, and cultural category. The article emphasizes additional objects of investigation connected to artistic space-time, which have been explored by these scholars. They include aesthetic perception, textual community, simulacrum, and archival material. The article presents research and analysis conducted by Ukrainian literary experts, including I. Silvestrova, I. Kushnir, O. Horpynych, and N. Kopystianska, who focused on the peculiarities of time and space organization in Ukrainian postmodern literature. They emphasized the importance of depicting the chronotope through specific images, scenes, and dialogues to construct the inner world of the text. The main features of the artistic space-time highlighted in the works of these renowned scholars also include its utilization in various literary genres and cultural contexts.

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KAMANI, DAVOUD. "MOVING MIXED BRANES IN COMPACT SPACE–TIME". Modern Physics Letters A 15, nr 27 (7.09.2000): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230000222x.

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In this letter we present a general description of two moving branes in the presence of the field Bμν and gauge fields [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on them, in space–time that some of its directions are compact on tori. Some examples are considered to elucidate this general description. Also the contribution of the massless states to the interaction is extracted. Boundary state formalism is a useful tool for these considerations.

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Zelenkauskaite, Asta, i Paolo Massa. "Contributing to Wikipedia". International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 3, nr 4 (październik 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdst.2012100101.

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While the overall amount of user contributions in various namespaces has been discussed in previous research, the question of how and where users contribute, depending on their time spent in Wikipedia, is still open. This study analyzed contribution patterns in three namespaces of 685,897 active users of English Wikipedia since its inception. User editing behaviors were analyzed according to the amount of time spent within Wikipedia where contributions in content-oriented spaces were compared with social-oriented namespaces.

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Palomino, Juan. "Development of Regional Economics Studies in Peru: Contributions and Criticisms". Economia 43, nr 86 (11.08.2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/economia.202002.002.

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This research presents an overview of the evolution of regional economic studies in Peru. After a brief introduction, the document presents a summary of the different conceptions of space in Regional Economics through time. In addition, the document shows the origins of Regional Economics, as well as the factors that explain the interest in the development of regional studies in the Latin American context. This document also explains the importance of the geographical space of Peru for regional research. Indeed, the country is the perfect setting because Peru has a wide geographic diversity (ecosystems, microclimates) throughout its territory, it has implemented a variety of public policies to propose economic growth measures, and it has many social issues to propose territorial policies (migration, crime, health, employment, among others). Despite these characteristics, regional research in Peru is relatively less than in other Latin American countries. Finally, the document offers the contributions and criticisms of the regional studies in the Peruvian context.

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Legendre, Pierre, i Olivier Gauthier. "Statistical methods for temporal and space–time analysis of community composition data". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, nr 1778 (7.03.2014): 20132728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2728.

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This review focuses on the analysis of temporal beta diversity, which is the variation in community composition along time in a study area. Temporal beta diversity is measured by the variance of the multivariate community composition time series and that variance can be partitioned using appropriate statistical methods. Some of these methods are classical, such as simple or canonical ordination, whereas others are recent, including the methods of temporal eigenfunction analysis developed for multiscale exploration (i.e. addressing several scales of variation) of univariate or multivariate response data, reviewed, to our knowledge for the first time in this review. These methods are illustrated with ecological data from 13 years of benthic surveys in Chesapeake Bay, USA. The following methods are applied to the Chesapeake data: distance-based Moran's eigenvector maps, asymmetric eigenvector maps, scalogram, variation partitioning, multivariate correlogram, multivariate regression tree, and two-way MANOVA to study temporal and space–time variability. Local (temporal) contributions to beta diversity (LCBD indices) are computed and analysed graphically and by regression against environmental variables, and the role of species in determining the LCBD values is analysed by correlation analysis. A tutorial detailing the analyses in the R language is provided in an appendix.

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