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Gabriel, R., Amber N. Warren i Natalia Ward. "The Observation Tools We Have and Those We Need: Contrasts in Read-Aloud Practices from Classrooms Rated Highly Effective by Different Rubrics". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5942.
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The purpose of this study is to compare features of read-alouds from fourth grade classrooms that have been identified as very high-performing using contrasting rubrics for classroom observations, including an English/Language Arts-specific rubric, a general rubric designed for 4th-8th grade classrooms, and a general rubric designed for all subjects and grades. We draw on analytic tools from conversation analysis (Sacks, 1992) and positioning theory (Davies & Harré, 1990) to conduct a micro-analysis of instructional interactions during read-alouds in order to identify similarities and differences among read-alouds from exemplary classrooms across these three different rubric rating systems. In doing so we discuss the implications of each rubric as a guide for shaping specific instructional practices.
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TOURNIAIRE, JEAN. "Application de l'effet t1 de l'ami-25 au diagnostic des hemangiomes hepatiques : a propos de 6 observations". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M062.
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Alves, Sandra Isabel Rodrigues. "Curricular training report in a contract research organization (CRO)". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14881.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina FarmacêuticaThis report describes my experience as a trainee at W4Research, a national Contract Research Organization (CRO). This internship intended to put into practice the skills acquired during the curricular year of the Master in Pharmaceutical Biomedicine. This professional context experience has allowed me to perform activities especially in the implementation of a quality management system and also in medical writing. I was also involved in the design of two observational studies and one socioepidemiological study, and in a clinical trial site feasibility.
Este relatório descreve a minha experiência enquanto estagiária na W4Research, uma Contract Research Organization (CRO) nacional. Este estágio pretendeu pôr em prática os conhecimentos adquiridos durante a parte curricular do Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica. Esta experiência de contexto profissional permitiu-me desempenhar atividades sobretudo no âmbito da implementação de um sistema de gestão da qualidade e também de medical writing. Estive também envolvida na conceção de dois estudos observacionais e um sócio epidemiológico, e para além disso, participei na fase de feasibility de um ensaio clínico.
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Florens-Zmirou, Danielle. "Statistiques des diffusions : observation discrétisées, passages à niveau donné, lissage des trajectoires". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112126.
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Ce travail est composé de six articles portant sur la statistique des diffusions récurrentes lorsqu'on ne dispose que d'une observation partielle des trajectoires. La première partie concerne la discrétisation de pas Δ de l'intervalle de temps d'observation. La chaîne de Markov Xk Δ observée, a une probabilité de transition dont on donne un développement en fonction de Δ. On peut ainsi évaluer la perte d'information. Les estimateurs ont un biais calculé en fonction de Δ et un théorème de limite centrale est démontré pour des fonctionnelles de chaînes de Markov. La discrétisation intervient pour des diffusions contrôlées. On montre que les gains asymptotiques de ces modèles discrétisés convergent, quand le pas tend vers zéro, vers le gain asymptotique de la diffusion continûment contrôlée. La deuxième partie étudie l'observation des passages par une barrière donnée (zéro par exemple). L'observation en temps continu des zéros de la diffusion étant impossible, on observe les excursions de longueur >Δ. Le contraste proposé donne un estimateur consistant et asymptotiquement gaussien. On étudie les propriétés des familles de mesures de Lévy. Pour les passages en zéro de la diffusion discrétisée les observations ne sont plus markoviennes. On construit des estimateurs consistants et asymptotiquement gaussiens. Cette observation permet d'approcher le temps local de la diffusion. Le dernier article étudie le lissage par convolution d'un processus gaussien stationnaire non dérivable. On montre que le nombre de passages en zéro du processus régularisé, convenablement normalisé, converge vers le temps local du processus gaussienThis thesis studies the statistical properties of recurrent diffusions partially observed. The first part concerns the discretization of the time interval by means of a sampling interval Δ. 6. Let Xk Δ. Be the observed Markov chain. We consider an expansion of its transition probability density in terms of Δ. The information loss is computed as a function of Δ and of the diffusion coefficient. Then we use the autoregressive model as an approximate statistical model of the diffusion. This method yields biased estimators enables us to compute the bias. We prove a central limit theorem for functionals of Markov chains. Discretization is used to study controlled diffusions. We prove that the asymptotic gains of the discretized models converge to the asymptotic gain of the diffusion controlled on continuous time. Ln the second part, the crossings of a given barrier are studied (i. E. Zero). A continuous observation of the zero-crossings of a diffusion is not feasible. Therefore, we observe the excursions greater than Δ. We construct a minimum contrast estimator and prove its consistency and asymptotic normality. We study the properties of the families of Levy measures associated to the diffusion local time. The zero crossings of the discretized diffusion are not Markovian any more. The proposed minimum contrast estimators are consistent and asymptotically Gaussian. The previous observation enables us to find an approximation of the diffusion local time. Ln the last paper we study the smoothing of a non differentiable stationary Gaussian process by means of convolution. We prove that the number of zero-crossings of the regularized process suitably normalized converges too in L 2 to the zero local time of the given Gaussian process
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PISSAVIN, CHRISTINE. "Hypertension intracranienne benigne : a propos de 11 observations ; interet de la perimetrie statique automatique et de la sensibilite au contraste". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF11024.
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Genon-Catalot, Valentine. "Observations partielles de diffusions traitement statistique dans l'asymptotique de la variance /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376053759.
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MAITRE, MARIE-FRANCOISE. "Les nephropathies lupiques : etude du sediment urinaire en microscopie a contraste de phase ; correlations anatomo-cytologiques ; a propos de 30 observations". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M279.
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Favetto, Benjamin. "Observations bruitées d'une diffusion : estimation, filtrage, applications". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524565.
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Les modèles aléatoires basés sur l'observation bruitée de diffusions discrétisées sont couramment utilisés en biologie ou en finance pour rendre compte de la présence d'erreur (ou bruit) entâchant la mesure d'un phénomène dont le comportement est dirigé par une équation différentielle stochastique. Deux questions statistiques sont liées à ces modèles : l'estimation d'un paramètre theta déterminant le comportement de la diffusion cachée, et le calcul du filtre optimal, ou d'une approximation. La première partie de cette thèse porte sur l'étude d'un modèle d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck bidimensionnel partiellement observé et bruité, en lien avec l'estimation de paramètres de microvascularisation pour un modèle pharmacocinétique stochastique. Plusieurs résultats sur données médicales sont présentés. Dans la seconde partie, des estimateurs pour les paramètres de la diffusion cachée, sont obtenus dans un contexte de données haute fréquence, comme minima de fonctions de contraste ou comme zéros de fonctions d'estimation basées sur des moyennes locales d'observations bruitées. On montre en particulier la consistence et la normalité asymptotique de ces estimateurs. Enfin, la troisième partie étudie la tension de la suite des variances asymptotiques obtenues dans le théorème central limite associé à l'approximation particulaire du filtre et de la prédiction dans un modèle de Markov caché.
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Witzig, Eric W. "Observations on The Serial Killer Phenomenon: An Examination of Selected Behaviors of the Interstate Offender Contrasted with the Intrastate Offender". VCU Scholars Compass, 1995. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5546.
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The purpose of this work was to compare serial homicides committed by interstate and intrastate offenders and to determine differences in behavior between them. Knowledge of such differences would enable the trained homicide detective to structure his investigation according to the killer's inferred range of action.
This study used homicide data collected by the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (VICAP), of the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC). VICAP's data was voluntarily submitted by investigators working at the state, local, and federal levels. The VICAP database had information on more than 804 cases of homicides committed by 241 different, serial offenders.
The VICAP data was examined in order to learn whether offender behaviors could reveal a distinction between the
interstate serial offender and the intrastate serial offender. Five variables of conscious or unconscious offender behavior were selected: (1) the victim's occupation, (2) the victim's last known location, (3) the type and kind of restraints used on the victim (if any), (4) the victim's cause of death, and (5) the level of concealment of the victim at the body disposal site. Information from the attributes in these variables could be helpful to the homicide detective in an early determination of the types and kinds of investigative resources that should be applied to the case for a successful resolution.
A hypothesis was formed: there is a detectable difference on the five variables in the behaviors of interstate and intrastate serial killers. The findings supported the hypothesis that there was a detectable difference between the two types of serial killers. An unexpected finding revealed that one type of offender was more deadly than the other, and thus less
likely to leave behind surviving victims. viii interstate serial offender and the intrastate serial offender. Five variables of conscious or unconscious offender behavior were selected: (1) the victim's occupation, (2) the victim's last known location, (3) the type and kind of restraints used on the victim (if any), (4) the victim's cause of death, and (5) the level of concealment of the victim at the body disposal site. Information from the attributes in these variables could be helpful to the homicide detective in an early determination of the types and kinds of investigative resources that should be applied to the case for a successful resolution.
A hypothesis was formed: there is a detectable difference on the five variables in the behaviors of interstate and intrastate serial killers. The findings supported the hypothesis that there was a detectable difference between the two types of serial killers. An unexpected finding revealed that one type of offender was more deadly than the other, and thus less likely to leave behind surviving victims.
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Santos, Antonio dos. "Observations sur le contrat de société à Bordeaux au cours de la seconde moitié du 18è siècle : vers 1750, vers 1791". Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40038.
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L'on trouve les societes generales et en commandite, dites societes de personnes. Le critere de distinction est celui de la responsabilite solidaire et indefinie des associes en nom, mais limitee pour les commanditaires. Les sources montrent que les societes anonymes dites occultes, sont frequentes. Cela pose un probleme par rapport a l'ordonnance de 1673 qui impose aux associes l'ecrit et la publicite de leur societe afin d'assurer la securite des transactions et eviter les fraudes. Dans l'histoire du commerce elle marque un tournant. Il s'agit d'une immixtion dans les affaires privees. Il existe des societes de capitaux mais elles sont rares. La societe contrat de droit civil, est basee sur des notions telles que intuitus personae ou affectio societatis. On remarquera un caractere familial dans certaines societes. Cet aspect peut fortement influencer les regles de fonctionnement au sein des societes notamment generales, ou l'on percoit des aspects communautaires conditionnant l'existence du contrat. Ces traits concernent toutes les societes quelque soit leur activite des lors que les parties ont en vu la realisation et le partage d'un benefice. Les regles de fonctionnement varient dans les societes de personnes. Le commanditaire peut s'immiscer dans la gestion des affaires. Quant aux societes de capitaux l'administration semble plus technique. Mais dans ce cas un probleme de controle des affaires par l'assemblee des actionnaires est mis en evidence. En cours de vie sociale des causes de dissolutions, volontaires ou involontaires, peuvent amener les associes a dissoudre la societe. La procedure de dissolution releve avant tout de l'usage. Parmi les causes de dissolutions, la mesentente semble un cas assez frequent. A cet egard le legislateur impose aux associes de regler leurs litiges par la voie de l'arbitrage afin d'eviter les meandres d'une procedure judiciaire longue et couteuse.
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Perrot, Clément. "Imagerie directe de systèmes planétaires avec SPHERE et prédiction des performances de MICADO sur l’E-ELT". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC212/document.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la thématique de l'étude de la formation et de l'évolution des systèmes planétaire grâce à la méthode de l'imagerie à haut contraste, aussi appelée imagerie directe, par comparaison aux méthodes de détection dites "indirectes". Le travail que je présente dans ce manuscrit s'articule en deux parties bien distinctes. La première partie concerne la composante observationnel de ma thèse, à l'aide de l'instrument SPHERE installé au Very Large Telescope, au sein du consortium du même nom. L'instrument SPHERE a pour objectif la détection et la caractérisation de jeunes et massives exoplanètes mais également de disques circumstellaires allant des très jeune disques protoplanétaires aux disques de débris, plus âgés. Ainsi, je présente dans ce manuscrit ma contribution au programme SHINE, un grand relevé de 200 nuits dont le but est la détection de nouvelles exoplanètes ainsi que la caractérisation spectrale et orbitale des quelques compagnons déjà connus. J'y présente également les deux études de disques circumstellaires que j'ai réalisées, autour des étoiles HD 141569 et HIP 86598. La première étude ayant permis la découverte d'anneaux concentriques à quelques dizaine d'UA de l'étoile ainsi que de asymétrie dans le flux du disque inhabituelle. La seconde étude porte sur la découverte d'un disque de débris présentant également une asymétrie en flux inhabituelle. La deuxième partie concerne la composante instrumentale de mon travail de thèse, au sein du consortium MICADO, en charge de la conception de la caméra du même nom qui sera l'un des instruments de première lumière de l'Extremely Large Telescope Européen (ELT). Dans ce manuscrit, je présente l'étude que j'ai menée afin de définir le design de certain composant du mode coronographique de MICADO tout en tenant compte des contraintes de l'instrument qui n'est pas dédié à l'imagerie haut contraste, contrairement à SPHEREThis thesis is performed in the context of the study of the formation and evolution of planetary systems using high contrast imaging, also known as direct imaging in contrast to so-called "indirect" detection methods. The work I present in this manuscript is divided into two distinct parts.The first part concerns the observational component of my thesis, using the SPHERE instrument installed at Very LargeTelescope. This work was done as part of the consortium of the same name. The purpose of the SPHERE instrument is to detect and characterize young and massive exoplanets, but also circumstellar disks ranging from very young protoplanetary disks to older debris disks. In this manuscript, I present my contribution to the program SHINE, a large survey with an integration time of 200 nights' worth of observation, the goal of which is the detection of new exoplanets and the spectral and orbital characterization of some previously-known companions. I also present the two studies of circumstellar disks that I made, around the stars HD 141569 and HIP 86598. The first study allowed the discovery of concentric rings at about ten AU of the star along with an unusual flux asymmetry in the disk. The second study is about the discovery of a debris disk that also has an unusual flux asymmetry. The second part concerns the instrumental component of my thesis work done within the MICADO consortium, in charge of the design of the camera of the same name which will be one of the first light instruments of the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). In this manuscript, I present the study in which I define the design of some components of the coronagraphic mode of MICADO while taking into account the constraints of the instrument - which is not dedicated to high contrast imaging, unlike SPHERE
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Marques, Tiago Emanuel Domingues Costa. "Curricular training report at W4Research: contract research organization". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17082.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina FarmacêuticaO presente relatório destina-se a descrever as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do estágio curricular que teve lugar na W4Research, uma Contract Research Organization (CRO). O estágio teve a duração de 8 meses durante os quais o estagiário desempenhou funções de CRA sendo o principal foco a monitorização de estudos observacionais. Para além da principal atividade, foram ainda desenvolvidas funções em áreas adjacentes à investigação clínica, tais como, o Medical Writing e a gestão da qualidade. Este trabalho pretende mostrar a visão obtida e os pontos de vista do estagiário enquanto monitor de estudos observacionais.
This report intends to describe the activities carried out under the traineeship which took place in W4Research, a Contract Research Organization (CRO). The internship had the duration of 8 months during which the trainee worked as a CRA, being the main focus the monitoring of observational studies. Besides the main activity, the trainee also had the opportunity to perform adjacent functions to the clinical research, such as Medical Writing and quality management areas. This document intends to show the obtained vision and the points of view of the trainee while monitoring observational studies.
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Leymarie, Edouard. "Méthodes de variation de contraste par polarisation nucléaire en diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles : Observation de domaines de polarisation nucléaire par diffusion de neutrons". Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002103v2.
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Dans cette thèse nous étudions les aspects théoriques et expérimentaux de la méthode de Variation de Contraste par Polarisation Nucléaire (VCPN) appliquée à la diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles. Nous exposons les bases théoriques de la diffusion de neutrons en mettant en évidence le fondement de la méthode VCPN : la forte dépendance en spin, en particulier pour les protons, de l'interaction noyau-neutron. Nous présentons également les principes de la RMN en nous attardant sur les méthodes de polarisation dynamique par effet solide, qui permettent de contrôler la polarisation des protons des échantillons, et par là même de maîtriser la variation de contraste. Nous présentons une étude essentiellement théorique de la méthode VCPN dite " en statique " qui suppose que la polarisation nucléaire est homogène dans l'échantillon et constante au cours de l'expérience. Nous montrons qu'elle permet, en réalisant plusieurs acquisitions à différentes polarisations, d'obtenir les fonctions de structure de système à composants multiples, et cela, sans avoir à recourir à plusieurs échantillons. Pour cela, nous avons testé un dispositif simple de stabilisation de la polarisation nucléaire. Nous exposons également une nouvelle application de la méthode VCPN dite " en dynamique ". Nous avons montré l'existence, dans des mélanges glycérol-eau deutériés dopés par des centres paramagnétiques, de domaines de polarisation nucléaire pendant les premières secondes de la polarisation dynamique par effet solide. Ceci renforce considérablement la diffusion cohérente des centres paramagnétiques. Nous abordons les raisons théoriques expliquant l'apparition de ces domaines de polarisation, ainsi que les différentes techniques permettant de les observer par diffusion de neutronsIn this thesis we study the theoretical and experimental aspects of Contrast Variation by Nuclear Polarization (CVNP) applied to small-angle neutron scattering. The basics of neutron scattering theory is developed by highlighting the origin of the CVNP method : the strong spin dependence of thermal neutron scattering, especially on protons. We also present the principles of NMR with a special attention on the method of dynamic nuclear polarization by the solid effect which makes it possible to control the proton polarization and therefore the contrast for neutron scattering. We present a theoretical study of the CVNP method called static which supposes that the nuclear polarization is homogeneous in the sample and constant during the experiment. We show that it allows one to obtain partial structure functions of systems with multiple components, by carrying out several acquisitions with different polarizations on a single sample. For this purpose, we tested a simple device to stabilize the nuclear polarization. We describe finally a new application of the CVNP method called dynamic. In a solution of deuterated glycerol-water containing a small concentration of paramagnetic centres, we showed the existence of domains of polarized protons at the onset of dynamic polarization. This reinforces considerably the coherent scattering of paramagnetic centres. We describe the theoretical reasons explaining the appearance of these domains of polarization, as well as the various techniques used to observe them by neutron scattering
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Krenkel, Martin Verfasser], Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Salditt i Detlev [Akademischer Betreuer] Schild. "Cone-beam x-ray phase-contrast tomography for the observation of single cells in whole organs / Martin Krenkel. Betreuer: Tim Salditt. Gutachter: Tim Salditt ; Detlev Schild". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078774285/34.
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Krenkel, Martin [Verfasser], Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Salditt i Detlev [Akademischer Betreuer] Schild. "Cone-beam x-ray phase-contrast tomography for the observation of single cells in whole organs / Martin Krenkel. Betreuer: Tim Salditt. Gutachter: Tim Salditt ; Detlev Schild". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0023-9684-C-9.
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Hajjej, Ishak. "Contrat optimal pour les partenariats public-privé avec aléa moral : une approche de contrôle stochastique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG007.
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Dans cette thèse, on s’intéresse aux contrats de partenariat public-privé (PPP). Un PPP est un contrat à long terme entre une entité publique et une partie privée, aussi appelée consortium, dans lequel le public externalise la construction et/ou la gestion d’un bien public. Le consortium prend le risque et la responsabilité de gérer le projet. Le public s’engage en contre partie à lui verser une rente. Cependant, les efforts du consortium pour améliorer la valeur sociale du projet ne sont pas observables par le public. C’est un problème de principal agent avec aléa moral où le principal est le public et l’agent est le privé. On suppose que le public paie le consortium continûment et l’effort de l’agent affecte le drift de la valeur sociale du projet. On suppose que le public est neutre au risque et le consortium est adverse au risque. Dans le chapitre 2 de la thèse, on considère un contrat perpétuel entre une entité publique et un consortium. On caractérise le contrat optimal dans ce cadre d’aléa moral. On utilise une formulation forte : on considère différentes filtrations correspondant à différents niveaux d’informations comme dans le contexte de contrôle stochastique avec observation partielle. Dans cette approche, on utilise des méthodes de martingale et de contrôle stochastique. Dans le chapitre 3, on considère un problème du partenariat public-privé avec horizon aléatoire, dans lequel le public a la possibilité d’arrêter le contrat à une date aléatoire et donne une compensation au consortium. On résout ce problème de contrôle stochastique avec un problème d’arrêt optimal dans ce cadre d’aléa moral. Dans ce chapitre, on utilise la formulation faible : on suppose que le consortium change la distribution de la valeur sociale du projet en changeant son drift et cela revient à considérer une nouvelle mesure de probabilité qui dépend de l’effort de l’agent. Dans le chapitre 4, on s’intéresse aussi au problème de partenariat public-privé avec un horizon aléatoire mais en utilisant la formulation forte. Puis, on traite la cadre de partage de risque : on suppose que le public et le consortium ont les mêmes informations. On analyse numériquement la valeur d’information. Dans le chapitre 5, on étudie l’existence d’une solution de l’équation d’Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman qui apparaît dans notre étude théorique. Puis, on développe des résultats numériques pour la résolution numérique d’une équation Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman et l’inéquation variationnelle dans le cadre de notre étude numériqueIn this thesis, we are interested in the contract with moral hazard for public private partnerships (PPP). PPP is defined as a long-term contract between a private party and a public entity, for the construction and/or the management of an asset or public service, in which the consortium takes the risks and a responsibility to manage the project. The public undertakes to pay him a rent. However, the effort that the consortium does to improve the social value of the project is not observable by the public. It is a principal-agent problem with moral hazard, in which the principal is the public and the agent is the consortium. We assume that the public pays the consortium continuously and the effort of the consortium affects the drift of the social value of the project. We assume that the agent is risk averse and the public is risk-neutral. In chapter 2 of the thesis, we consider a perpetual contract between a public entity and a consortium. We characterize the optimal contract in this moral hazard framework. We use the strong formulation : we consider different filtrations corresponding to the different level of information as in the context of stochastic control under partial observation. In this approach, we use martingale methods and stochastic control techniques. In chapter 3, we consider a public-private partnership problem with a random horizon, in which the public has the possibility to stop the contract at a fixed or a random time and gives compensation to the consortium. We solve this optimal stochastic control with optimal stopping problem in this context of moral hazard. We use the weak approach, that is the agent changes the distribution of the social value of the project by changing the drift and this amounts to considering a new probability that depends on the effort of the consortium. In the chapter 4, we also consider the problem of public-private partnership with a random horizon but using the strong formulation. Then, we deal with the risk-sharing framework, we assume that the public and the consortium have the same information. We analyze numerically the value of information. Chapter 5 focuses on the existence of a solution of the Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman equation that appears in our theoretical study. Then, we detail the numerical results for the numerical resolution of a Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman equation and variational inequality as part of our numerical study
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Mario, Romain. "Conversion et influence des assujettissements au milieu scolaire dans l'étude autonome des mathématiques : comment les très bons élèves de lycée étudient les mathématiques après la classe : observation anthropologique et suivi biographique de quelques cas exemplaires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3001/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressé aux très bons élèves et à leur façon d'étudier les mathématiques, en tenant compte du fait que tout ce qu'il y a à étudier mathématiquement n'est pas désigné par les professeurs. Partant de l'hypothèse que leur façon d'étudier leur permet de mieux réussir, nous avons suivi pendant deux années scolaires de très bons élèves de cinq établissements différents. Par une enquête anthropologique et ethnologique de terrain, nous les avons observés après les séances de cours en classe, sur leur lieu de travail (le bureau, la chambre ou un coin spécialement aménagé); en train de faire des exercices, des enquêtes, des recherches mathématiques sur les objets d'études des grands chapitres de la classe terminale scientifique (l'analyse, lois de probabilités continues, la géométrie, les similitudes...) ; chacun à sa manière, avec des supports didactiques de son choix. Cette forme d'observation particulière que nous appelons avec Mercier la méthode des épisodes biographiques, nous a permis de constituer des épisodes de leur biographie en mathématique, c'est-à-dire des moments où l'on peut attester qu'une question nouvelle se pose à eux, qu'ils apprennent quelque chose de nouveau en cherchant la réponse à la question donnée, et qu'ils identifient ce qu'ils ont appris en l'interrogeant depuis ce qu'ils savaient déjà. Nous montrons ainsi, comment les très bons élèves de terminales scientifiques fabriquent un répertoire de savoirs efficaces: leur répertoire épistémologique et heuristique. Pour construire ce répertoire, ils ont besoin d'aller enquêter loin de la classe, dans l'espace ou dans le temps (dans de nombreux manuels, scolaires ou non, dans des anciens livres, sur internet, quelques fois avec l'aide d'un membre de la famille ou d'un copain). C'est cette manière d'enquêter que nous appelons la transhumance didactiqueIn this thesis, we were interested in the very good students and their way studying mathematics taking account of the fact that what there is to study mathematically is not always indicated by the professor in the courses of the various school grades. Based on the hypothesis that their way of studying enables them to succeed better in mathematics, we followed very good students from five different schools for two school years. Thus, using anthropological and ethnological field study methods, we observed the students after classroom hour, in their individual workplace settings (office, room or an especially arranged corner) doing exercises, investigations, mathematical research studies, each one in different way, with different didactic supports. This particular kind of observation, that we are calling the biographic episode method, enabled us to constitute episodes of their cognitive biography in mathematics, in other words moments of independent study where one can observe that they are faced with a news question, they learn something new by seeking the answer to a given problem, and they identify what they learned by questioning it in what they knew already. Thus we show how last year secondary school science students manufacture or build a directory of effective knowledge: the epistemological and heuristic directory. To build this directory, they need to seek learning away from the classroom, physically or temporally (using many textbooks or not, old textbooks, the Internet, or with the help of a family member or friend). It is this need for investigation which we call didactic transhumance
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Zimmerman, Neil Thomas. "High-Contrast Observations with an Integral Field Spectrograph". Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GM8F91.
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This thesis is comprised of work carried out during the commissioning phase of Project 1640, a combined coronagraph--integral field spectrograph for Palomar Observatory's adaptive optics-equipped 200'' Hale Telescope. I have divided my investigations into three chapters. First, I describe the data reduction pipeline software, which solves a number of data extraction and calibration challenges unique to this kind of instrument. In the second chapter, I demonstrate a novel method for faint companion discovery which takes advantage of the high-precision relative astrometry enabled by a pupil plane reticle grid. This tool, in combination with the spectrophotometric capability of the integral field spectrograph, reveal that the A5V star Alcor has a heretofore unknown M-dwarf companion. In my third chapter, I explore the suitability of combining the non-redundant aperture mask interferometry technique with an integral field spectrograph. In the proof-of-concept observation of the spectroscopic binary star Beta CrB, I retrieve the first near-infrared spectrum of its F-dwarf companion.
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Gerard, Benjamin Lionel. "Observational, numerical, and laboratory methods in high contrast imaging". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7419.
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The search to directly image and characterize exoplanets that are initially hidden below the stellar and instrumental noise relies on the use of both extreme adaptive optics (AO) and a subsequent point spread function (PSF) subtraction pipeline. In this thesis I present my research on both real-time AO techniques and post-processing PSF subtraction techniques. First, I present a new PSF subtraction algorithm designed to image the HR 8799 debris disk using the Hubble Space Telescope. I find an over-luminosity after PSF subtraction that may be from the inner disk and/or planetesimal belt components of this system, but ultimately conclude that this is likely a non-detection as a result of telescope stability and broadband chromatic effects. Thus, assuming a non-detection, I derive upper limits on the HR 8799 dust belt mass in small grains, consistent with measurements of other debris disk halos. This important result suggests that a detection may not be possible until the rise of future, more stable space telescopes. Next, I present a new PSF subtraction algorithm applied to current campaign data from the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), designed to optimize the GPI planet detection sensitivity of narrow orbit planets. My results, while still being investigated, seem to show that current algorithms are already optimized, and that limited gains can be achieved with my new algorithm. Finally, I apply a new real-time AO nulling technique, called super-Nyquist wavefront control (SNWFC), to be used on future 30 m class telescopes to image wide-orbit exoplanets. I demonstrate application of SNWFC in both a deterministic laboratory experiment and coronagraphic simulations using an interferometric nulling technique, suggesting that this technique would allow higher SNR characterization of wide-orbit exoplanets on future telescopes.Graduate
0606, 0752
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Chiang, Chun-Liang, i 江俊良. "Basic Observations on Potential Cues Behind Visual Target Perception :Intensity, Contrast and Gradient Organization". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84522953226393107176.
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碩士國立交通大學
多媒體工程研究所
98
In this thesis, experiments on using the interactions among intensity, contrast and gradient organization(GORG hereafter) for capturing visual targets in a graylevel still image will be reported. The GORG, gradient organization, at a specific locality is an index reflecting whether gradients in the neighborhood are mostly in alignment with, opposite to, or in randomness with respect to the central gradient under consideration. For any graylevel image, an associated GORG map can be derived, as well as a contrast map too. Two observations were conducted during the experiments. The first focused on the interactive behavior of intensity and GORG attributes in the product of the image and GORG map; the second on that of the contrast map and GORG map. Specifically, the another is interested in (1) The results from the interaction between pixels of high, medium, and low intensity(contrast) along with those of alignment, opposed, and random GORG(consequently a outcomes from each of the two observations for every image input). (2) Getting a preliminary picture of how much the deviation from the subjective visual target perception may be using the three cues proposed in this thesis for capturing visual target by computation.
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CHENG, HUANG GUAN, i 黃冠程. "A Study on the Comparison of Difference Between Taiwan and Mainland China Labor Contract Law- An Observation of Contract Termination". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31485011316305622495.
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碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
98
Because the laborer subscribes with the employer decides the labor contract to obtain the work, to maintenance life, its work power should be safeguard. Elimination the labor contract, will create the laborer to interrupt the source of income, it’s very important to the laborer; In addition, the laborer may cause line of because of the termination power to break the work relations, seeks a better opportunity. Therefore the labor contract elimination is core of the work relations. Since enormous in the labor both sides economic potentiality disparity, therefore in the legal design based on the social consideration, causes elimination the labor contract, is suitable stipulation incompletely the civil law, and the public law surveillance, is safeguarded the laborer. The contract terminated means the contract line of the termination power to cause, of a side by contract litigants, of legal relationship by the meaning expression elimination contract, is the labor contract eliminates the most common condition type, grows the dispute are also most. Line of our country related labor contract termination power causes, namely decides as it according to the work datum laws and regulations, removes being suitable of the civil law stipulation. Another mainland China after the reform and open policy, the economical large growth, the labor management relation is different with under gradually the socialism “the mess”, but tends to complex, since however mainland about labor law legal system footsteps long-time suitable slow, until in 1978 71st session of Third Session Shanghai decided Communist Party of China by the beginning has the progress the work key shift to the socialism modernization after the market economy in demand. On July 5, 1994 Chinese Communist Party People Congress Standing committee considered passes “the People's Republic of China labor law”, was different with plans under the system the work laws and regulations. Because the laws and regulations making is extremely chaotic, the style not one, also the central committee and the place have leave, are suitable the object not to be clear about. However, mainland China in June 29, 2007 through, on January 1, 2008 executes it “the work law of contract”, near one step changes mainland China the labor market appearance, and has a stricter standard construction regarding the labor contract legal system, compares Taiwan to say, protects laborer's intensity not to be inferior, also naturally has the very tremendous influence regarding the Taiwanese businessman in the mainland management. Because this law content inclines obviously to the worker, is regarded by the outside does is protects laborer's epoch-making law. Because our country and mainland China geographical position is close, the language is same, cultural homology, therefore this law should quite have is worth profit by observing others the place, really has necessity of the detailed Canadian research. Our country announced the labor contract law in December 25, 1936 by the national government, only depended on this laws and regulations to decide, the execution date ordered to decide it, but still has not until now decided it by the administrative order, therefore our country labor contract law not yet executed, at present the fatigue hired both sides the individual labor relations is in July 3, 1984 work datum law standard the announcement, because however the work datum law standard fatigue hired both sides to work the relations the lowest standard, with had the suitable degree civil law autonomous labor contract law still to have the difference. The Executive Yuan fatigue commission recently also aims at the labor contract law to invite the special tomb scholar to plan to revise the draft, supplements revises, causes it to be more perfect, in the future, the fatigue will obviously hire standard of the individual labor relations to be completer. The establishment emphasized of socialist legal system the government by law idea must have the important document for mainland China establishment socialist market economy, but when market economy system, standard general civic action litigant both sides rights and obligations, based on the litigant meaning independent principle, must penetrate the contract to subscribe decides the thousandth of a Yuan clear litigant rights and obligations relations. Not only the work contract may be clear about the litigant rights and obligations relations, whether there is will be has the labor struggle dispute to judge basis of in the future the reason. The present paper tries to compare difference of point of difference the bilateral from both banks labor contract legal system, promotes each other the understanding, advances together ran urges the legislation and repairs in the law the progress, when also can provide the Taiwanese businessman to go to the mainland investment does business, the fatigue hires work relations the bilateral to be suitable the mainland laws and regulations to be able a more thorough understanding, reduces in the management and operation the risk, enables operation the advantage daily commerce.
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Krenkel, Martin. "Cone-beam x-ray phase-contrast tomography for the observation of single cells in whole organs". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-9684-C.
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Wang, Hui-Ping, i 王惠平. "Observation of PPV LED & InGan/GaN with Optical Beam Induced Contrast & Spectral Resolved Confocal Microscope". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52163086743927749950.
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碩士國立中山大學
物理學系
86
We have observed the poly(p-phenylene vinylene)(PPV) thin film based light emitting devices and indium gallium nitride epitaxial layer(InGaN/GaN) with a multifunction laser scanning microscope. The techniques of optical beam induced contrast and spectral resolving are employed. The spatial distribution ofPPV thin film's photoluminescence and photocurrent are imaged. Simultaneously, the contrast between photoluminescence and photocurrent images is attributed to field induced luminescence quenching. In addition, we report the measurements of site-specific photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence mapping of high indium mole fraction InGaN thin films grown on GaN buffer layer. In the spectrally resolved images, domains smaller than one micron in size are found on the films. Even closely neighboring domains may exhibit very different spectral responses.
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Crépin, Magali. "Étude de «marqueurs d’activités» au sein de deux populations historiques de la Vallée du Saint Laurent : analyses des observations macroscopiques et essais d’interprétations en lien avec des milieux contrastés (urbain versus rural)". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20019.
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Wisdom, Nathan J. "Meta-Didactical Slippages: A Qualitative Case Study of Didactical Situations in a Ninth Grade Mathematics Classroom". 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/msit_diss/132.
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Research on the mathematical behavior of children over the past forty decades has considerably renewed and augmented the body of evaluative tests of the results of learning (Lester, 2007). Research however, has provided very little knowledge about the means of improving students’ performance on these tests. Nevertheless teachers, students, and others are being pressured to improve students’ performance, but in order to concentrate on basic skills, the learning itself is made more difficult and slower. The combination of requirements has led to a variety of uncontrolled phenomena such as meta-didactical slippage (Brousseau, 2008).
The purpose of this study was to: (a) understand the nature of meta-didactical slippage that occurred in a ninth grade predominantly African American mathematics classroom; and (b) describe how these meta-didactical slippages affect students conceptual understanding on a unit of study of ninth grade mathematics. The study was a descriptive, qualitative, case study that employed ethnographic techniques of data collection and analysis. The theory of didactical situations in mathematics (Brousseau, 1997) served as the theoretical lens that grounded the interpretation of the data, because it enabled the researcher to isolate moments of instruction, action, formulation, validation, and institutionalization in the mathematics teaching and learning process. The study was conducted over a period of 15 weeks in one, ninth grade class of 23 predominantly African American students at a high school in a southeastern state. Data was crystalized using multiple data collection techniques: (a) collection of document artifacts, which included student work samples and teacher lesson plans; (b) interviews conducted with the teacher; (c) researcher introspection; and (d) direct observation. Data was analyzed using ethnographic and discourse analysis techniques, including domain analysis, coding, situated meaning, and the big “D” discourse tool. The study found four themes, which illustrated the nature meta-didactical slippages: (a) over-teaching, (b) situational bypass, (c) language and symbolic representation, and (d) the design of didactical situations.