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Hamad, Mustapha. "Sharing resources for enhanced distributed hypothesis testing". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT029.
Pełny tekst źródłaDistributed hypothesis testing has many applications in security, health monitoring, automotive car control, or anomaly detection. With the help of distributed sensors, the decision centers (DCs) in such systems aim to distinguish between a normal situation (null hypothesis) and an alert situation (alternative hypothesis). Our focus will be on maximizing the exponential decay of the type-II error probabilities (corresponding to missed detections), with increasing numbers of observations, while keeping the type-I error probabilities (corresponding to false alarms) below given thresholds. In this thesis, we assume that different systems or applications share the limited network resources and impose expected-rate constraints on the system's communication links. We characterize the first information-theoretic fundamental limits under expected-rate constraints for multi-sensor multi-DC systems. Our characterization reveals a new tradeoff between the maximum type-II error exponents at the different DCs that stems from different margins to exploit under expected-rate constraints corresponding to the DCs' different type-I error thresholds. We propose a new multiplexing and rate-sharing strategy to achieve the error-exponents. Our strategy also generalizes to any setup with expected-rate constraints with promising gains compared to the results on the same setup under maximum-rate constraints. The converse proof method that we use to characterize the information-theoretic limits can also be used to derive new strong converse results under maximum-rate constraints. It is even applicable to other problems such as distributed compression or computation
Largeteau-Skapin, Gaëlle. "Quantification du taux d'invalidité d'applications temps réel à contraintes strictes". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2269.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is part of an assistance tool conception project for hard real time application specification: when an application is not feasible, we identify the issues, we propose solutions. This process stands on unfeasability measures, based on real time application models. The first model, based on regular languages, has a great expression capacity (and allows us to reach some theoretical results) it is useful for evaluate the security level of softwares when they are feasible. A structural analysis of this model lead us to upgrade it into a geometrical model, useful to define an feasability measure which can evaluate the degrees of both feasability (when the application is valid) and unfeasability (when it is not). The systems we deal with use resources and run on multiprocessor architectures. Tasks are periodic, can not be parallelised and have different start times
Younes, Hassan. "Estimation du taux de mortalité sous contraintes d'ordre pour des données censurées ou tronquées /". Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24065971.
Pełny tekst źródłaBOUABSA, MALIK. "Elaboration et protypage d'interfaces homme-machine au moyen de contraintes. Le systeme plus". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066503.
Pełny tekst źródłaAib, Karima. "Les politiques de taux de change dans les pays en developpement. Fondements theoriques et contraintes specifiques". Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21024.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study endeavours to show the theoretical foundations underlying exchange rate policies as well as the constraints confronted by developing countries in their choice. The bringing into question of certain mechanisms and concepts is becoming necessary. This thesis is organized around three points : - a critical presentation of the principal theories of exchange rate determination. - factors affecting the determination of exchange rate in developing countries. - the necessity for a theoretical renovation in the choice of exchange rate policies of developing countries
Aib, Karima. "Les Politiques de taux de change dans les pays en développement fondements théoriques et contraintes spécifiques /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602132r.
Pełny tekst źródłaVosgien, Lacombre Coralie. "Influence du taux de pigment sur la dégradation de revêtements polymères anticorrosion sous contraintes environnementales couplées". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study focuses on the influence of titanium dioxide on the behavior of a model epoxy polymer resin. The considered systems are composites which contain titanium dioxide TiO2 as pigment and DGEBA-DAMP as epoxy resin. The studied amounts of titanium dioxide are 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%. Firstly, mechanical and thermal properties of totally cured free films are studied by DSC and DMA. The results of the composites are compared to those of the resin alone to better understand the impact of the titanium dioxide. Then, composite free films are immersed in pure water at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) to investigate water uptake and diffusion coefficients by gravimetry. At each step of ageing, measurements of the properties are carried out to show the influence of water on our systems behaviors. Then, composites of epoxy resin and pigment are applied on steel panels and some samples are submitted to external mechanical stresses. These coatings are submitted to an environment of NaCl 3 wt.% saline solution and water uptake is followed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Swelling of composites coatings is followed by SECM in a last step of this work. Finally, a comparison of the results of pure resin and of composite gives access to the impact of titanium dioxide on the durability of these systems. It is mainly due to the presence of internal stresses
Guéant, Olivier. "Théorie des jeux à champ moyen et applications économiques : second sujet : Taux d’escompte et développement durable". Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090069.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduced by J. -M. Lasry and P. -L. Lions, mean field games simplify models of economic interactions, using an approach inspired from physics. Economic applications are presented concerning labor market ecoomics, portfolio management, population(s) distribution issues and growth theory. The models use different types of mean field games, either static or dynamic, with either a discrete or a continuous state space, either in a deterministic or in a stochastic setting. Several stability notions are discussed and eductive stability plays an important part since numerical methods are inspired from this stability notion. We indeed present numerical methods to solve mean field games for both stationary and dynamic problems and eductive stability allows us to circumvent the difficulty linked to the forward/backward structure. After the chapters on mean field games, we deal with the issue regarding the right discount rate to be used for sustainable development projects. We discuss the notion of ecological discount rate introduced by R. Guesnerie and exhibit new continuity properties for the non-asymptotic rates
Lévesque, Mélanie. "Étude des taux de dégradation de barres d'alternateurs soumises à des décharges partielles d'encoche sous différentes contraintes". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/618/1/L%C3%89VESQUE_M%C3%A9lanie.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRymer, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation du taux de réaction moyen et des mécanismes de transport en combustion turbulente prémélangée". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0892.
Pełny tekst źródłaHocquard, Hervé. "Colorations de graphes sous contraintes". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987686.
Pełny tekst źródłaEdeline, Gwenaël. "Méthode énergétique de simulation de propagation de fissure et contraintes résiduelles". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPXX0060.
Pełny tekst źródłaBen, Selma Taha. "Indépendances de la Réserve Fédérale des USA et contraintes extérieures (1980-1996)". Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081830.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe American Federal Reserve holds an important place at the international level and the means at its disposal grant it a major influence on the international economic life. As a result, the management of its monetary policy and its decisions are closely watched and scrutinized. The particulary of this situation has been brought to the fore by the economists to deduce that the FED was independent from the outside in the management of its monetary policy and that it tended to adopt an attitude of neglect towards the evolution of the exchange rate variable
Borga, Ruthlande. "Différentiel des prix, volatilité du taux de change et inflation : les contraintes d’une petite économie ouverte : le cas d’Haïti". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study aims to evaluate, on the one hand, the role of the inflation differential in the exchange rate volatility and, on the other hand, the impact of this volatility in explaining inflation and in implementation of monetary policy in a small open economy such as Haiti, a net importing country with the United States as its main trading partner. To determine the impact of the inflation differential on the volatility of the exchange rate, we estimate a GARCH model. The results of the estimation of the variance equation showed that a 1% increase in the inflation differential between the two (2) countries causes a 0.02% increase in exchange rate volatility. In addition, the volatility of the exchange rate has a positive impact on inflation. Following the estimation of the determinants of inflation by a VAR (1) model, the impulse response function revealed that after a shock, the pass-through of the exchange rate on consumer prices is more than complete after six months with shock transmission at over 100%. The effect increases gradually to 110% after two quarters then to 165% and 184% in the third and fourth quarters. In the case of pass-through on imported inflation, a shock of the exchange rate give rise to 2.7% on imported prices after two quarters and 3.6% in the third quarter. These results suggest that, unexpectedly, a shock on import prices does not have an immediate and significant impact on inflation, since its impact is estimated at 33% in the second quarter. Moreover, after one quarter, the variance of the forecast error of inflation is due to its own innovations. And after two quarters, the contribution of each variable to the variance of the forecast error becomes more precise. In this sense, about 5.61% of the variance of the inflation error is explained by the volatility of the exchange rate, 3.84% by the growth of the money supply M2 and 0.51% and 0, 02% by the variation of the import prices and the interest rate respectively. Given the dominant role of the nominal exchange rate in explaining inflation, does the Bank of the Republic of Haiti take into account the exchange rate in the orientation of its monetary policy by following a Ball rule? The results confirm that the Bank of the Republic of Haiti, rather than a traditional Taylor rule, follows a Ball rule by modifying its key interest rate according to the variation of the exchange rate (0, 65%). Similarly, the Haitian monetary authorities adopt a smoothing behavior since the introduction of the delayed interest rate has a coefficient of 0.81, which is significant. The dominance of the interest rate and the exchange rate, in the evolution of inflation and in the implementation of monetary policy, justifies the relevance of calculating an indicator of monetary conditions (ICM) by combining the two aforementioned variables. Two models were estimated: an equation of aggregate demand and one of inflation. The calculated relative weights indicate a larger weight of the certain exchange rate (-0.08) on inflation compared to that of the nominal interest rate (-0.005). These coefficients were used to calculate the real and nominal monetary Conditions Index (MCI). The coefficient of correlation between the nominal MCI and inflation was greater (54.62%) compared to that between the real MCI and inflation (-8.1%). Indeed, after an increase of inflation, the monetary authorities are forced to harden the nominal monetary conditions
Sénégas, Marc-Alexandre. "Convergence des taux d'inflation et crises de change : enjeux et contraintes de la transition vers l'union économique et monétaire européenne". Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40025.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work regards the occurrence of the 1992-1993 exchange rate crises as a product of the modalities of the transition towards european economic and monetary union. It considers that the requirements of inflation convergence have contribued to exchange rate instability in europe. The structure of the thesis rests upon four chapters. The first two deal with the empirical assessment of two experiences (the first one concerns the united states in early xixth century. The second one refers to the realignments in the european exchange rate mechanism). On the basis of the results we draw from the latter , we set a theoretical framework with game theoretic elements to put an emphasis on the consistency problems between the convergence requirements and the constraints induced by an asymmetric fixed exchange rate regime on monetary policy. These difficulties have influenced the disciplinary performances as well as its stabilisation properties
Hardy, Nicolas. "Finance islamique et renouveau du droit islamique au Moyen Orient : les contraintes de l'innovation financière pour les juristes-fuqahāʾ". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0106.
Pełny tekst źródłaIslamic finance emerged during the 1970s as the conduct of financing activities in conformity with the norms of the Sharia and, above all, the prohibition of interest. The jurists specialists of fiqh (Islamic law), the fuqahāʾ, are vested with the authority to supervise the application of the Sharia within Islamic banks. Thus, Islamic finance represents an experimentation for the renewal of Islamic laws as a jurists' law. The crystallization of the scheme of the mark-up sale (murābaḥaẗ) a controversial alternative to interest loans, allows the examination of the factors, linked to the institutional setting and the juridicial reasoning, constraining the formation of an innovating contemporary Islmamic financial law
Lesinski, Thomas. "Contraintes microscopiques et au-delà du champ moyen pour une nouvelle génération de fonctionnelles de la densité nucléaires". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413766.
Pełny tekst źródłaNaceri, Abdelghani. "Caractérisation du comportement mécanique de composites renforcés par tissus en traction uniaxiale à différents taux d'humidité". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10104.
Pełny tekst źródłaLemasson, Sylvie. "La politique étrangère de la République fédérale d'Allemagne au Moyen-Orient de 1973 à 1990 ou Comment tendre vers la maîtrise des contraintes historiques et politiques". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0030.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo meet its responsabilities towards Israel, while attending to its own economical interests (the FRG is the top European commercial power in the Middle East), West Germany cultivates its political moderation and necessary neutrality : to be seen as a force for peace allows for the consolidation of a multidimensional presence. Just as the Kippur war leads the FRG to take up a pro-arabstance, the European political cooperation contributes greatly to the emancipation of German policy by legitimizing its engagements if not its activism. Only the taking of a well-defined and active role, dedicated to stabilization and balance, can reduce the negative and limiting effects of the "malaise of dependance" to which the FRG has been subjected. Its diplomacy of "conciliation" and its economical strength are the two principal means the FRG disposes in order to deal with the Israelan problem and to harmonise its multiple frequently concurrent relations, as much in the local context (FRG Israel Arab countries Iran), as in the Atlantic Alliance (FRG USA France). At the same time, the balance to which the FRG aspires must take into account three fondamental limits : the role past plays in the German decisional process ; the diversification of German commerce with the politico-moral aspects of the exportations of illicit arms; finally, the consequences that German political caution have on the expression of western solidarity in the Middle East
Ewuame, Komi Atchou. "Analyse Expérimentale et Numérique des Contraintes Thermomécaniques Induites lors des Procédés Émergents de Fabrication de Puces Électroniques au moyen des Capteurs Embarqués". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM006/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor the thermomechanical stress assessment in silicon, piezoresistive sensors (in rosette) composed of 4nMOS and 4pMOS were developed and embedded into microelectronic products.The characteristic relations between piezoresistive, electrical and mechanical quantities were established.Piezoresistive quantities were identified thanks to a four-points bending calibration machine. This machine was designed and fabricated in the frame of this PhD and enables applying a known uniform uniaxial stress into silicon sample and then calculating the three piezoresistive coefficients.The sensors embedded into different technologies such as CMOS65, BiCMOS55, CMOS40, BSI140 and PIC25 were calibrated with this machine.These MOS sensors were used for studying stresses induced by TSV (CMOS65 technology), by packaging with 3D stacking (CMOS65 technology) and 2D stacking (BiCMOS55 technology).The results give stress components (σyy, σzz) which are not in a good agreement with simulation results. Electrical responses of the MOS oriented at 90° ([010] direction with respect to the x axis ([100] direction)) are questioned because the coefficients (π12) obtained from this MOS acts directly on the two components.In addition, stress variations in sensors area, as well as inter-chips and inter-wafers variabilities disturb the results.Integrated into the same test chip of the CMOS40 technology, different structures were studied, namely the MOS transistors, the bandgap structure and the poly-Si resistances which were also calibrated.For this technology, a study of thermomechanical stress induced by packaging revealed a significant impact on the output responses (MOS mobility, bandgap voltage). Through a minimization parametric study, this impact was reduced by controlling the geometrical dimensions of components and the material properties of the moulding compound.These results show that, MOS rosettes can be used as stress sensors but with a limited efficiency. The use of active resistances as stress sensors is therefore envisaged. However, these MOS can be used to study the impact of stresses on the chip operation
Lacombe, Geneviève. "Détermination de la forgeabilité à froid des aciers à bas taux de carbone par essais de compression et de traction". Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI259.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoulazreg, Hakim. "Modélisation de la fissuration fragile par une formulation mixte hybride : évaluation des coefficients de concentration de contraintes et du taux de restitution d'énergie". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1397_hboulazreg.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the case of brittle rupture analysis, the energy release rate characterizes the energy stored at the crack tip. Once associated to an experimental critical value, it constitutes the essential parameter of initial crack propagation. This rate can be computed using variational methods, which are the basis of the formulation of different Computing models by finite elements. The classical displacement numerical methods cannot take into account the singularity phenomenon of the stresss at the crack tip. For a better approximation, a mesh refinement is necessary. The mixed hybrid formulation, which allows the separate choice at each of the displacement and the stress fields, gives to the users the possibility of introducing this singularity in numerical approximation stress field. A super mixed hybrid element is placed around the crack. This choice gives an important advantage while modelling as a mesh refînement is no longer useful. This hybrid element is connected to the displacement finite elements. The assembly and the global resolution are calculated as in a classical case. The stress field given by this particular element shows directly the stress concentration coefficients. A first evaluation of the energy release rate is possible by an identification method starting with these stress intensity factors. In this work, we propose a second method for calculating the energy release rate using a contour integral, similar in its principle to the Rice integral, but developed here in the case of mixed hybrid Pian formulation. To test the performance of the integral, a comparison between our results and other analytical and numerical solutions is made
Ruiz, Thomas. "Contraintes nutritionnelles sur le taux métabolique et la croissance d’un consommateur ectotherme (Daphnia magna) dans le contexte des changements globaux : approche expérimentale par microcalorimétrie". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC029.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of global change, anticipating alterations in the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems is a major ecological issue. However, the fragmentation of ecology into a multitude of sub-disciplines is seen as an obstacle to all predictions, creating a growing desire to unify the different theoretical frameworks of ecology. In this context, the harmonizing of stoichiometric ecology and metabolic ecology is increasingly required (Allen and Gillooly, 2009; Hillebrand et al., 2009; Ott et al., 2009; Ott et al., 2009). al., 2014). This thesis work was mainly devoted to establishing the links between nutritional quality and consumers’ metabolic rate in order to understand how their interactions could affect the growth of organisms. The aim was also to understand how environmental factors associated with global change (warming, salinization) could affect this notion of nutritional quality or interact with it through individual metabolism. In this regard, the experimental part of this thesis focused on the water flea Daphnia magna, a key organism in aquatic food webs, particularly sensitive to the quality of its food resources. We first determine how the rise in temperatures could modulate the notion of nutritional quality for the consumer. Secondly, the development of a method based on microcalorimetry allows to establish the existing links between nutritional quality and consumer's metabolic rate. Finally, we explored the interactions between nutritional quality, metabolic rate and osmotic stress on Daphnia life traits in order to understand how an environmental factor (here salinity) could affect or be affected by quality-metabolism links.Our results first demonstrated the strong thermal dependence of stoichiometric nutritional requirements in Daphnia as well as the resulting potential consequences on producer-consumer decoupling in a context of global change. We then demonstrated the consequences of this decoupling (i.e. nutritional quality) on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of consumers. We have demonstrated a systematic rise in RMR when decreasing nutritional quality. This additional energy cost ultimately having repercussions on the growth of consumers, measuring the RMR here seems to allow the quantification of the energy cost of nutritional constraints (stoichiometric but also biochemical). Finally, we were able to highlight the interactions between nutritional quality and tolerance to salinity as well as their repercussions at the metabolic level. In general, this thesis demonstrated the central role of RMR in the response of organisms to environmental stresses. Thus, measuring the RMR could constitute an essential indicator for predicting the structure and functioning of ecosystems in a context of global change
Lamonde, Bernard. "Estimation d'un modèle agrégé du nombre de kilomètres parcourus, du taux de consommation moyen de carburant et du nombre de véhicules légers au Canada". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24553/24553.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPIFFAULT, NATHALIE. "Heteroepitaxie de structures contraintes ga#xin#1#-#xas/inp et de couches inp a faible taux de defauts sur si par la methode aux hydrures". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF21645.
Pełny tekst źródłaComair, Fadi Georges. "Etude des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction : application à l'habitat du Moyen-Orient". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10077.
Pełny tekst źródłaPontier, Monique. "Filtrage et controle de processus stochastiques soumis a des contraintes". Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2016.
Pełny tekst źródłaBensler, Henry Paul. "Détermination de l'aire interfaciale, du taux de vide et du diamètre moyen de Sauter dans un écoulement à bulles à partir de l'atténuation d'un faisceau d'ultrasons". Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0059.
Pełny tekst źródłaRenard, Charles. "Hétérostructures Antimoniures/Arséniures pour les applications optoélectroniques dans le moyen infrarouge". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00124336.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'objet de cette thèse a consisté, dans un premier temps, à déterminer les conditions de croissance permettant la réalisation des lasers à cascade quantique basés sur le système de matériaux AlAsSb/GaInAs épitaxié sur substrat d'InP et de détecteurs photovoltaïques InAsSb épitaxiés sur substrat de GaSb. Pour ce faire, l'ensemble des paramètres intervenant dans l'incorporation concurrentielle des deux éléments V As et Sb (température, vitesse, nature de l'élément III...) a été étudié. Une procédure de détermination des épaisseurs individuelles et des compositions des hétérostructures GaInAs/AlAsSb, par diffraction de rayons X, basée sur l'utilisation d'un double superréseau a également été proposée. Ce travail a permis de mieux comprendre les phénomènes intervenant aux interfaces selon les conditions de croissance utilisées et d'obtenir ainsi un calibrage rigoureux et reproductible. Des résultats préliminaires satisfaisants ont finalement été obtenus sur les diodes électroluminescentes AlAsSb/GaInAs à cascade quantique sur InP ainsi que sur les détecteurs photovoltaïques InAsSb sur GaSb.
La seconde partie de cette thèse a consisté en l'optimisation des conditions de croissance des hétérostructures (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs épitaxiées sur substrat d'InAs et de GaSb. Dans ce système de matériaux, l'existence d'une ségrégation d'indium aux interfaces AlSb/InAs a pu être mise en évidence par différentes techniques de caractérisation (HRTEM, RHEED, HRXRD). La prise en compte de cette ségrégation a permis d'améliorer les performances des LCQs InAs/AlSb et d'atteindre le fonctionnement à température ambiante. Des résultats prometteurs ont également été obtenus pour des structures détectrices interbandes à cascade GaSb/AlSb/InAs.
Arif, Laïd. "Etude des phénomènes aérothermodynamiques induits dans les lasers à exciplexes à taux de répétition élevé par l'apport d'énergie au milieu actif du moyen d'une décharge avalanche préionisée par rayons X". Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22027.
Pełny tekst źródłaArif, Laïd. "Etude des phénomènes aérothermodynamiques induits dans les lasers à exciplexes à taux de répétition élevé par l'apport d'énergie au milieu actif au moyen d'une décharge avalanche préconisée par rayons X". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376113804.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaeedi, Navid, i Navid Saeedi. "Une approche très efficace pour l'analyse du délaminage des plaques stratifiées infiniment longues". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00806390.
Pełny tekst źródłaGhanem, Darine. "Politique Monétaire et Régimes de change dans les pays du Moyen Orient et d'Afrique du Nord". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10016/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis lies within the debate about the role of the exchange rate regime and the monetary policy. It develops an empirical analysis in 17 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Contrary to the widespread tenet of the superiority of corner regimes, MENA countries have often chosen intermediate regimes. This raises two questions: first what are the reasons for the choice of an intermediate regime? Second how do these countries perform in macroeconomic terms? In this research we bring about material for answering these two questions. The first chapter deals with the choice of the exchange rate regime. We test the main factors suggested by the theory. The empirical analysis confirms the role of factors that are related to the fear of floating hypothesis. In the second chapter we assess the impact on inflation of the choice of an exchange rate regime. The adoption of a fixed exchange rate regime is often motivated by the desire to keep inflation under control, although the success is not guaranteed. The empirical analysis shows that low inflation is rather associated to a de facto stable exchange rate than a formal fixed exchange rate. The third chapter analyses the effect of exchange rate flexibility on growth. The conventional theory states that flexible exchange rates have a stabilizing effect. But an excess in exchange rate volatility may undermine the real macroeconomic performance. In fact the dollarisation of public and private debts generates the fear of floating observed in MENA countries, and reduces the capacity to resort to this instrument. The fourth chapter develops an assessment of monetary and exchange rate policy in Syria in the 2000 decade
Mhiri, Maroua. "Choix des Portefeuilles Internationaux : diversification, attitude face aux risques et barrières à l'investissement". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0502/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeblanc, Francois. "Contribution au développement d'une méthodologie d'analyse des phénomènes de rupture de composants encapsulés". Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008716.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenniou, Hicham. "Modélisation par éléments discrets du comportement des matériaux cimentaires sous impact sévère : prise en compte du taux de saturation". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis concerns the modeling of concrete and concrete structures subjected to stresses ranging from quasi-static to dynamic loading, taking into account the presence of free water in pores. The objective is the development of a predictive simulation tool capable of describing the behavior of concrete and concrete structures, taking into account the effects of saturation ratio. The choice of discrete elements for modeling is justified by the discontinuous phenomena that appear in the concrete, such as cracking, fragmentation, spalling and scabbing. Discrete Elements can reproduce reliably and efficiently the local discontinuous behavior and the overall response of the structure.The first part of this work concerns the simulation of quasi-static tests under uniaxial and highly confined triaxial loadings, taking into account the compaction phenomenon. The effects of the free water contained in the pores are taken into account by introducing a dependency between the water saturation level and the inelastic deformation. The identification process of the model parameters is presented. Finally, the model is validated by reproducing the quasi-static behavior of concrete in different tests.The second part of this work concerns the dynamic behavior of concrete. The aim is to extend the validation of the model by simulating impact tests on concrete slabs of different thickness. The dynamic effects are taken into account and impact simulations on concrete slabs of different thickness are made. The results are in good agreement with experimental results
Boulzazen, Habib. "Contribution au développement d'un moyen d'essais CEM utilisant une Chambre Réverbérante à Brassage de Modes. Conception et Intégration d'une Enceinte Thermo-régulée pour Essais Multiphysiques". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00632372.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaeedi, Navid. "Une approche très efficace pour l'analyse du délaminage des plaques stratifiées infiniment longues". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1160/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe analysis of local phenomena such as free-edge effects and delamination in multilayered structures requires the accurate theories which can provide a good description of the local response. Since the three-dimensional approaches are generally very expensive in computational time and memory, the layerwise two-dimensional approaches are widely used. In this Ph.D. thesis, a stress layerwise model, called LS1, is applied to the multi-delamination problem in longitudinally invariant multilayered plates. The invariance in the longitudinal direction allows us to solve the problem analytically. At first, we propose an analytical method for the analysis of multi-delaminated multilayered plates subjected to the uniaxial traction. The free-edge interlaminaire stress singularities and the mode III delamination onset are investigated. A refined model, called Refined LS1, is proposed in order to improve the approximations in singularity zones such as free edges and crack tips. The results of the refined model are validated by comparing them with those obtained by a three-dimensional finite element model. Afterwards, the proposed analytical approach is extended to the cylindrical bending of the multilayered plates. The propagation of delamination in modes I and II is studied and the approximations of the LS1 model are validated. At last, we generalize the proposed analytical method to take into account all invariant loads in the longitudinal direction. The final approach allows us to analyze the rectangular multilayered plates subjected to invariant loads on the top and bottom surfaces, imposed displacements or forces at the lateral edges, and also four types of loading at the longitudinal ends: uniaxial traction, out-of-plane bending, torsion and in-plane bending. The analytical solution of the LS1 model is obtained for a laminated plate subjected to all the loads mentioned above. The approach is validated by comparison with the three-dimensional finite element method for various types of loading
Rebaï, Samira. "Sismotectonique et champ de contrainte dans les chaînes alpines et dans les plates-formes de l'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord, et du Moyen-Orient". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20180.
Pełny tekst źródłaDibacto, Kamwa Stéphane. "Dynamique de construction et démantèlement des volcans tertiaires et quaternaires des Carpates par des approches géomorphologiques et géochronologiques Growth and erosion constraints of the East Carpathians volcanoes by numerical models: tectonic and climatic implications Eruptive history of the Late Quaternary Ciomadul (Csomád) volcano, East Carpathians, part II: magma output rates Eruptive history of the Late Quaternary Ciomadul (Csomád) volcano, East Carpathians I: timing of lava dome activity constrained by the unspiked K-Ar method". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS144.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this PhD thesis, 47 new ages have been obtained by the Cassignol-Gillot technique. The very good reproducibility of the ages obtained in this study, added to a strict consistency observed between the volcanic edifices, support the use of the K-Ar method in the dating of the East Carpathian lavas (Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita) and ignimbrite deposits of the North Hungarian (Mátra and Bükk Mts. [western Carpathians]). In the Eastern part, this new geochronological dataset has been combined with geomorphological analyses to constrain the volcanic history as well as to compute construction and erosion rates of those volcanoes. In parallel, in the western part geochronological dataset has been combined with available paleomagnetic data to refine their stratigraphy. The East Carpathian volcanic range experienced an along-arc, Late Miocene to Quaternary migration of eruptive activity. Here, a novel and complex methodology are presented that yields new geochronological and geomorphological constraints on the evolution of the 20 volcanic edifices. New unspiked K-Ar ages either constrain their lifespan (6.79- 6.47 Ma for Seaca-Tătarca; 5.47- 4.61 Ma for Vârghiş) or date the youngest volcanic activity (central Călimani). For Ciomadul volcanic complex composed by a dozen of lava domes, which hosts the recent volcanic activity since the last 1 Ma, its activity has been constrained between 704± 18 ka and 28 ± 1 ka with several quiescence periods. In parallel, numerical reconstructions of volcanic paleo-topographies were performed to quantify their shape at the end of their construction stage. The inferred initial volcano size shows a wide range (3±3 to 592±115 km³), making up the four main successive volcanic segments (910, 880, 279 and 165 km³ for Călimani, Gurghiu,North Harghita and South Harghita segment, respectively) totalizing 2300 km³. Volume and age constraints allowed computing an average growth rate of 200 km³/Ma for the whole range, characterized by an initial moderate growth rate (137 km³/Ma) of the older volcanoes (11-3.6 Ma) followed by a lower growth rate (28 km³/Ma) obtained for the Plio-Quaternary volcanoes. Comparing reconstructed and current topographies yielded a total eroded volume of 524±125 km³, defining averaged denudation of 22% and a 20 m/Ma erosion rate. Erosion rates for major climatic periods were computed, which highlight the contrasting climatic contexts since 11 Ma. The highest erosion rate (38 m/Ma) occurred during a transitional moderate subtropical continental climate period (9.5-8.2 Ma). An intermediate erosion rate (14m/Ma) characterized a moderate continental climate period (8.2-6.8 Ma) when conditions became less humid. The lowest erosion rate (7 m/Ma) reflects the prevailing continental but occasionally semi-arid climate (6.8-5.8 Ma). The highest erosion rate (28m/Ma) was obtained for Plio-Quaternary times during the interglacial/glacial cycles. Such a quantitative morphometric and geochronological approach demonstrates its efficiency to study volcanic dynamism, including both constructional and erosional processes, through time. In the western part of the Carpathian range, the new ages obtained on the lava flows of Börzsöny made it possible to constraint its period of activity between 14.27 - 15.11 Ma. For the Miocene ignimbrite of Bükk foreland, the new K-Ar results range between 12.7 - 16.5 Ma
Santos, Manata Joao-Paulo dos. "Approche méthodologique de la conception des lignes de production industrielles intégrant les impératifs de maintenance, de performance et de coût global de possession : application à des équipements sidérurgiques". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10290.
Pełny tekst źródłaJonnet, Jérôme. "A contribution to the understanding of the High Burn-up Structure formation in nuclear fuels". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL002N/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn increase of the discharge burn-up of UO2 nuclear fuels in the light water reactors results in the appearance of a change of microscopic structure, called HBS. Although well characterised experimentally, important points on the mechanisms of its formation remain to be cleared up. In order to answer these questions, a study of the contribution of the dislocation-type defects was conducted. In a first part, a calculation method of the stress field associated with periodic configurations of dislocations was developed. The method was applied to the cases of edge dislocation pile-up and wall, for which an explicit expression of the internal stress potential was obtained. Through the study of other examples of dislocation configurations, it was highlighted that this method also allows the calculation of any periodic dislocation configuration. In a second part, the evolution of interstitial-type dislocation loops was studied in UO2 fuel samples doped with 10% in mass of alpha emitters. The experimental loop size distributions were obtained for these samples stored during 4 and 7 years at room temperature. Kinetic equations are proposed in order to study the influence of the re-solution process of interstitials from a loop back to the matrix due to an impact with the recoil atom 234U, as well as the coalescence of two interstitial loops that can diffuse by a volume mechanism. The application of the model shows that the two processes must be considered in the study of the evolution of radiation damage
Capuani, Rossana. "Mean Field Games with State Constraints". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this Thesis is to study deterministic mean field games with state constraints. Mean field games (MFG) is a recent theory invented by Lasry and Lions which studies optimization problems with large populations of agents in a dynamical framework. The mathematical analysis of such problems has so far focused on situations where the agents can evolve in the whole space. In practice, however, the agents often have constraints on their state. The aim of this Thesis is to understand the consequence of such constraints on the analysis of mean field games. We first show that the Nash MFG equilibria can be described as fixed points on the space of measures on constrained trajectories (generalized MFG equilibria). In order to obtain more precise results on these equilibria, we show a smooth optimality principle for the optimal trajectories of control problem with state constraints. We derive from this that the generalized equilibria satisfy a MFG system in which the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and the continuity equation have to be understand in a specific sense
Garcia, Jean-Pierre. "LES VARIATIONS DU NIVEAU MARIN SUR LE BASSIN DE PARIS AU BATHONIEN-CALLOVIEN. IMPACTS SUR LES COMMUNAUTÉS BENTHIQUES ET SUR L'ÉVOLUTION DES ORNITHELLlDÉS (TEREBRATELLIDINA)". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664782.
Pełny tekst źródłaLasry, Jérémie. "Calculs de plaques fissurées en flexion avec la méthode des éléments finis étendue (XFEM)". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465635.
Pełny tekst źródłaNanga-Nyongha, Stéphanie. "Comportement et transformations martensitiques de deux aciers inoxydables austénitiques : effets de la température, de la vitesse et du chargement". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00577815.
Pełny tekst źródłaMészáros, Alpár Richárd. "Density constraints in optimal transport, PDEs and mean field games". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112155/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMotivated by some questions raised by F. Santambrogio, this thesis is devoted to the study of Mean Field Games and models involving optimal transport with density constraints. To study second order MFG models in the spirit of the work of F. Santambrogio, as a possible first step we introduce and show the well-posedness of a diffusive crowd motion model with density constraints (generalizing in some sense the works by B. Maury et al.). The model is described by the evolution of the people's density, that can be seen as a curve in the Wasserstein space. From the PDE point of view, this corresponds to a modified Fokker-Planck equation, with an additional gradient of a pressure (only living in the saturated zone) in the drift. We provide a uniqueness result for the pair density and pressure by passing through the dual equation and using some well-known parabolic estimates. Initially motivated by the splitting algorithm (used for the above existence result), we study some fine properties of the Wasserstein projection below a given threshold. Embedding this question into a larger class of variational problems involving optimal transport, we show BV estimates for the optimizers. Other possible applications (for partial optimal transport, shape optimization and degenerate parabolic problems) of these BV estimates are also discussed.Changing the point of view, we also study variational Mean Field Game models with density constraints. In this sense, the MFG systems are obtained as first order optimality conditions of two convex problems in duality. In these systems an additional term appears, interpreted as a price to be paid when agents pass through saturated zones. Firstly, profiting from the regularity results of elliptic PDEs, we give the existence and characterization of the solutions of stationary second order MFGs with density constraints. As a byproduct we characterize the subdifferential of a convex functional introduced initially by Benamou-Brenier to give a dynamic formulation of the optimal transport problem. Secondly, (based on a penalization technique) we prove the well-posedness of a class of first order evolutive MFG systems with density constraints. An unexpected connection with the incompressible Euler's equations à la Brenier is also given
Karolak, Cyprien. "CarboFrac : Analyse et modélisation de l'engrenage (d'un siège auto) en acier à faible teneur en carbone carbonitruré". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM057/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work aims at a better understanding and modeling of the failure of gradient metallic materials. It is applied to carbonitrided pinions made out of 20MnB5 steel, inserted in a "recliner", a safety mechanism of automotive seats. Carbonitriding induces high surface hardness while preserving significant core ductility. The experimental analysis of the fracture behavior of seat recliners in an industrial test confirmed the dual failure behavior of the component : brittle external layer, ductile core material. A test bench has been specifically designed for the project: one tooth is submitted to a lateral force until complete failure. In situ observations are performed and the load-displacement curve recorded, showing a variety of behaviors as a function of the teeth engagement depth and of the presence or not of the carbonitrided layer. Experimental tests with various tress states were conducted to measure plastic properties as well as to calibrate fracture criteria, for the carbonitrided layer and for the core steel. Von Mises plasticity and a simple strain hardening curve fit very well all these experiments. As fracture criteria from the literature were unable to predict failure correctly for all the mechanical tests, an adapted criterion has therefore been proposed as an outcome of this extensive mechanical testing campaign. Fracture simulation in LS Dyna has been performed using the element erosion technique, the limitations of which are discussed. Comparison with the experimental tooth fracture measurements allows evaluation of the proposed failure criteria, and enables to stress out and discuss the present limits of the simulation, concluding that it will be necessary in future work to account more finely for the mechanical property gradient together with the compressive residual stresses in the carbonitrided layer
Maamary, Rabih. "Développements d'instrumentations lasers (QCL, DFG) dédiés à la métrologie d'espèces d'intérêt atmosphérique (CH₄, HONO)". Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0376/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaI report in this PhD thesis on the development of two mid-infrared laser spectrometers, based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) and quantum cascade laser (QCL), for application to trace gas monitoring. The DFG spectrometer (2.78 µm) was coupled with the QCL spectrometer (8 µm) to simultaneously measure nitrous acid (HONO) absorption spectra of the v₁ and v₃ bands respectively. Such crossing measurements allow us to determine experimentally, for the first time, the line strengths of 31 absorption lines of the ν1 band of trans isomer of nitrous acid that significantly impacts the air quality and climate change because of its crucial role in the atmospheric oxidation capacity. The QCL spectrometer is also deployed for continuous monitoring of methane (CH₄) during January 2013 in Dunkirk. Methane concentration variation is analyzed with the help of the simultaneously recorded meteorological parameters. In order to identify the sources of CH₄ emission, I developed an Isotope Ratio Laser Spectrometry (IRLS) technique to measure the isotopic ratio of ¹³CH₄/¹²CH₄. Preliminary results are presented
Patrice, Estellé. "Méthodes d'analyse inverse des données d'écoulement de compression de fluides complexes homogènes". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642094.
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