Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Contracts – Scotland”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Contracts – Scotland.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Contracts – Scotland”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Khuzziatov, Arthur A. "Contract with open terms in Scotland: A comparative legal perspective". Pravovedenie 67, nr 2 (2023): 174–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.203.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article focuses on contracts with open terms, that is, contracts in which the parties deliberately leave one or more terms open for future negotiations or unilateral supplementation by one of the parties (or a third party). In our paper, we refer to contracts with open terms in which an open term is subject to negotiations. Such contracts are not recognised by most jurisdictions (including as being too vague), but the Scottish legal system is sometimes argued to be an exception. In attempting to confirm this claim, it is found that the device called “a contract with open terms” is unknown to Scottish law, so a special comparative legal method is proposed to find an analogue on the Scottish “legal map”. This approach reveals that contracts with open terms in Scotland are concealed under several different names (most notably “agreement to agree”). It shows that although there is no uniform and consistent approach to such contracts, there are three tests which the courts use to answer the central question about such contracts, namely whether a contract with open terms is enforceable: the test for the essentiality of an open term, the test for whether an open term can be objectively implemented and the test for whether the parties have an intention to create legal relations. This analysis is accompanied by a comparative commentary describing how similar issues are dealt with in the UNIDROIT Principles and in another (besides Scotland) jurisdiction to which recognition of contracts with open terms is attributed, namely Russia. On the basis of the research carried out, a preferred order of application of the tests is proposed. The study of the topic is also preceded by a reference to the history and general characteristics of the Scottish legal system. In the course of this topic, we show that Scotland cannot be defined precisely enough through its generic characteristics as a mixed jurisdiction. In turning to the study of Scotland as an individual jurisdiction, it is noted that this system over time has begun to exhibit fewer and fewer of the attributes of a continental European family country.
2
Carter, Stephen. "Contract archaeology in Scotland". Antiquity 76, nr 293 (wrzesień 2002): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091365.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
IntroductionThe subject matter for this article is a large one and could be approached in a number of different ways. I have chosen to focus on some of the more distinctive characteristics of contract archaeology as it is currently practised in Scotland. This may encourage comparison with the situation elsewhere but it is not my intention to ‘compare and contrast’. I will leave it up to the reader, if they wish, to set their own experiences against the Scottish situation.I define contract archaeology as all types of archaeological work undertaken through a commercial contract. Scotland is a small country with a small economy and it has a commercial archaeological sector to scale. The nuniber of commercial archaeological organizations working regularly in Scotland is somewhere between 10 and 20 depending on your point of view. Only five of these organizations have permanent staff numbers in double figures; some of the others are effectively sole traders who may take on staff with project-specific contracts.
3
Ainslie, Jonathan. "Good Faith and Relational Contracts: A Scots-Roman Perspective". Edinburgh Law Review 26, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2022.0737.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
One of the most striking differences between the Civilian jurisdictions and the English common law has been the reluctance of the latter to adopt a general principle of good faith in contract. Scots law, however, often seeks to exercise the functions of good faith but does not recognise it as a general principle. In recent years, English law has begun to identify good faith as an implied term in “relational contracts”, a concept with sociological and economic origins. This article applies that development to Scotland by exploring the relationship between good faith and the relational contract from a Scots-Roman perspective. It will be shown that the historical sources of Scots contract law, from the Roman reception to the Institutional Writers, are fully compatible with relational contracts. It goes on to consider how a Scots law approach to good faith in relational contracts might orientate itself to the English authorities.
4
Seeger, Silke. "Judicial Control of Unfair Terms in Employment Contracts in Scotland and Germany: A Comparative Analysis". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 26, Issue 2 (1.06.2010): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2010010.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Employment law practioners in Scotland and Germany have seen several recent cases of varying authority dealing with the unfairness of standard terms in employment contracts. The objective of this paper is to assess and compare two potential legal responses to the unfairness of terms: the implication of terms and the relevant statutory regimes on Unfair Contract Terms in both jurisdictions. A particular focus will be on clauses regarding the employee’s place of work and renumeration. As a result of the comparative study, the author will come to the conclusion that German courts are more inclined to interfere with contractual terms than their Scottish counterparts, the latter putting a stronger emphasis on the doctrine of freedom of contract.
5
Trushell, Ian, Bryan Clark i Andrew Agapiou. "Construction mediation in Scotland". International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 8, nr 2 (11.07.2016): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-09-2015-0014.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose This paper aims to address the knowledge gap, by exploring the attitudes and experiences of mediators relative to the process, based on research with practitioners in Scotland. Recent research on construction mediation in Scotland has focused exclusively on construction lawyers’ and contractors’ interaction with the process, without reference to the views of mediators themselves. Design/methodology/approach The entire research design of this research was constrained by the small population of practising Scottish construction mediators (thought to be circa. 20 in 2013). The design encompassed a literature search, participant interviews, questionnaire survey and qualitative and quantitative data. The research questionnaire was designed to capture data related to the biography, training and experience of those interviewed before their opinion on the benefits of, and problems with, mediation were sought. Findings The results indicate that mediations failed because of ignorance, intransigence and over-confidence of the parties. Barriers to greater use of mediation in construction disputes were identified as the lack of skilled, experienced mediators, the continued popularity of adjudication and both lawyer and party resistance. Notwithstanding the English experience, Scottish mediators gave little support for mandating disputants to mediate before proceeding with court action. A surprising number were willing to give an evaluation of the dispute rather than merely facilitating a settlement. Originality/value There are few experienced construction mediators in Scotland, and the continued popularity of statutory adjudication is a significant barrier. Mediators believe that clients’ negative perceptions of mediation are a bigger barrier than lawyers’ perceptions. The mediators wanted judicial encouragement for mediation backed by some legislative support, mediation clauses incorporated into construction contracts and government adoption of mediation as the default process in its own contracts.
6
Paterson, Lindsay. "Philanthropy and Education in Scotland". Scottish Affairs 27, nr 2 (maj 2018): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2018.0237.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Philanthropic contributions to education have become more publicly visible in recent years, in Scotland as in many other places. Yet philanthropy used to be much more important to Scottish education than it is now. Funding from the state, from individual students, or from non-philanthropic commercial contracts remain far larger than any kind of charitable donation. The essay considers why people – now and in the past – have been inclined to make philanthropic contributions, and what would be required for there to be a truly substantial increase in philanthropy.
7
O'Farrell, P. N. "The Performance of Business-Service Firms in Peripheral Regions: An International Comparison between Scotland and Nova Scotia". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, nr 11 (listopad 1993): 1627–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251627.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this paper a comparative analysis of the competitiveness and performance of business-service companies in two peripheral regions, Nova Scotia and Scotland, is presented. Several dimensions of performance are investigated for four industries: market research, management consultancy, advertising, and graphic design. Value added per person is one third higher in Scotland compared with Nova Scotia, and Nova Scotian offices derive a much higher proportion of their turnover from government and public-sector contracts. In general, however, a very consistent picture emerges of the relative position of business services in the two regions. Possible demand-side and supply-side causes of such differences are reviewed and potential policy responses considered.
8
Matheson, G. D., i J. Oliphant. "Suitability and acceptability for earthworking with reference to glacial tills in Scotland". Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, nr 1 (1991): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.22.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SummaryThe paper describes the criteria currently in use for determining the suitability and acceptability of soil for earthworking, and discusses the specification, control and monitoring of both earthmoving and compaction on highway contracts in the UK. In particular the paper describes the application of the Moisture Condition Apparatus (MCA) to the testing of Quaternary soils and its successful use on Scottish Trunk Road Projects.
9
Brown, Jonathan. "Obligations, consent and contracts in Scots law: re-analysing the basis of medical malpractice liability in light of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board". Legal Studies 41, nr 1 (18.01.2021): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2020.40.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractProfessors MacQueen and Thomson have defined ‘contract’, within Scots law, as denoting ‘an agreement between two or more parties having the capacity to make it, in the form demanded by law, to perform, on one side or both, acts which are not trifling, indeterminate, impossible or illegal’. This definition reflects the fact that Scottish contracts are underpinned by consent, rather than by ‘consideration’. This, naturally, has the potential to be of great significance within the context of physician/patient relationships, particularly since the 2006 case of Dow v Tayside University Hospitals NHS Trust acknowledged that these relationships could be contractual in nature. This observation is of renewed importance since the landmark decision in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board, which found that physicians must ensure that they obtain full and freely given ‘informed consent’ from their patients, prior to providing medical services. In light of the present medical regime which requires ‘doctor and patient [to] reach agreement on what should happen’, the basis of liability for medical negligence, in Scotland, requires reanalysis: ‘To have a contract only when the patient pays is not consistent with a legal system which has no doctrine of consideration in contract’.
10
Newland, Kate. "The construction chronology and significance of timber for building Panmure House, Angus". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 141 (30.11.2012): 293–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.141.293.326.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of Panmure House, Angus as originally built for the earls of Panmure between 1666 and 1670. Although considered in its day as one of the finest houses in Scotland, Panmure has never been the subject of an individual study. An extensive collection of building accounts and contracts found in the Dalhousie Muniments, supplemented by William Adam's drawings have, however, afforded the opportunity to investigate in some detail how the building works for the earl of Panmure were organised and executed. Through careful examination of this evidence, a clearer understanding of the design and development of Panmure has emerged, revealing how such building works were organised, which craftsmen were employed, and what materials were required for its completion. In particular, the increasing use and significance of timber for building works in 17th-century Scotland can be recognised at Panmure, a development which can be directly linked to the emergence of Norway as the prime supplier of building timber to Scotland from the 16th century onwards.
11
Johnson, Mathew, Jill Rubery i Matthew Egan. "Raising the bar? The impact of the UNISON ethical care campaign in UK domiciliary care". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 27, nr 3 (15.07.2021): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10242589211028460.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article critically analyses a major trade union initiative in the United Kingdom to raise standards in public contracts for domiciliary care, and in turn to improve wages and working conditions for outsourced care workers. The campaign successfully built alliances with national employer representatives, and around 25 per cent of commissioning bodies in England, Scotland and Wales have signed a voluntary charter that guarantees workers an hourly living wage, payment for travel time and regular working hours. The campaign overall, however, has had only limited effects on standards across the sector, in which low wages, zero-hours contracts and weak career paths predominate. Furthermore, the campaign has not yet yielded significant gains in terms of union recruitment, although there are signs of sporadic mobilisations of care workers in response to localised disputes.
12
Proctor, Katy. "Who Lies Beneath? Reflections on Scotland’s Unseen Change Makers". Scottish Affairs 33, nr 1 (luty 2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2024.0487.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
As a former Rape Crisis and Women’s Aid support worker turned feminist academic, I have had the privilege of working with some of the most inspirational and courageous women in Scotland. I see these women as the unsung heroines who are ultimately responsible for changing Scotland and making it internationally renowned for innovative and progressive practice in preventing Gender-Based Violence. For decades, women have worked as volunteers and/or paid staff to support survivors, run refuges, helplines, and campaigns whilst also training local authorities, police, and other agencies. Without them, we would have no women’s support organisations, many more victims would remain in relationships with abusive men, and many more women would be dead at the hands of their partners or ex-partners. Yet, the organisations they run are desperately under-funded and many workers are on insecure contracts with low pay – a form of structural violence that reinforces gender inequality in Scotland. Equally important and unrecognised are the victim/survivors who have raised their voices to ask for help, to resist their abusers, and who risk everything to try to secure their survival. Without them we wouldn’t know about the horrors many endure, and many others would not have been inspired to work tirelessly to change Scotland for the better. Collectively and individually, their achievements are significant. This article explores their resistance and resilience that has allowed Scotland to earn its stellar reputation.
13
Ouweneel, Arij. "Eighteenth-Century Mexican Peonage and the Problem of Credits to Hacienda Labourers". Rural History 8, nr 1 (kwiecień 1997): 21–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001126.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The transition to modern, capitalist agriculture is usually marked by the replacement of traditional forms of farm service by a free labour market based on short-term contracts and cash payments. This process is often described in terms like ‘pauperisation’ and ‘proletarianisation’. But, of course, proletarianisation is not an inevitable consequence of the rise of day-labouring in capitalist agriculture; a point emphasized, for example, with particular reference to eighteenth-century Scotland by Alex Gibson and Alastair Orr. Contrary to much of southern England, where the forces of production developed rather fast, in Scotland traditional forms of farm service survived largely intact well into the nineteenth century despite the development of capitalist agriculture. As late as 1861 over 60 per cent of the total agricultural work-force in some Scottish regions were servants on long hires as opposed to day-labourers.
14
Nadorff, Norman, i Maria Beatriz Gomes. "Look before you leap: are your oil patch liability clauses enforceable?: (An analysis under civil law jurisdictions with emphasis on Brazil)". Journal of World Energy Law & Business 14, nr 1 (22.02.2021): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwab004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The oil and gas industry requires huge investments involving extraordinary financial, environmental and safety risks. Dramatic images of the Deepwater Horizon (Gulf of Mexico, 2010), Alpha Piper (Scotland, 1988), P-51 (Brazil, 2001) and Campeche (Mexico, 1979) disasters offer chilling reminders of the monumental loss of life, property and environmental integrity that can quickly result from human error. With this backdrop, industry participants and their insurers learned early on that the normal fault-based approach to wellsite liability did not fit the nature and needs of the petroleum business. This article analyzes the risks inherent in applying the laws of a civil law jurisdiction to an oil and gas wellsite contract based on common law principles, with special emphasis on Brazil. It first briefly describes the traditional common law approach to liability allocation in wellsite contracts, including “knock-for-knock” principles (“K4K”). Next, it outlines the traditional civil law approach to liability (responsbilité) through French and Brazilian prisms. The authors do not deeply discuss the pros and cons of K4K clauses nor the policy implications of anti-indemnity statutes. Rather, they assume the reader is contemplating the negotiation of a wellsite services contract subject to the laws of a civil law jurisdiction, and describe the relevant risks and possible mitigation strategies.
15
de Gioia-Carabellese, Pierre. "The Concepts of the Scottish (and Italian) Unilateral Promise and the English Unilateral Contracts Comparative Law Reflections on Call Options and Put Options in the light of the Jurisdictions of England, Scotland and Italy". European Business Law Review 22, Issue 3 (1.06.2011): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2011018.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
On the backdrop of the "put options" and "call options" - two common contracts in the practice of the capital markets - lies this comparative law analysis concerning the approach taken by three jurisdictions to the concept of the unilateral promise. The outcome of the discussion is a criticism toward the English jurisdiction where this concept is missing, the same being replaced, in a non-convincing way, by the similar concept of the "unilateral contract". In addition to this, the requisite of the consideration, peculiarly requested in that jurisdiction, could even result in putting at risk, in some circumstances, the same validity and enforceability of these typologies of transactions. As to the Scottish jurisdiction, stranded between its ancient Roman roots and its "British ties", the work seeks to demonstrate that, although the "unilateral promise" is accepted in this jurisdiction (these making both "put options" and "call options" theoretically safe under this jurisdiction), there is still a non-perspicuous categorization of the concept and, particularly, a possible "blunder" in the way this jurisprudence seems to put together, in a sort of conceptual "melting pot", both the promise to the public (in incertam personam) and that aimed at the conclusion of the contract. However, this possible erroneous view - quite transparent in the light of the civilian jurisdiction adopted as comparator (the Italian one) - could find a potential "way-out", should the Scots legal system eventually adopt a code in the matter of the contracts more in line with its traditions and peculiarities.
16
Guthrie, E. "Development of liaison psychiatry". Psychiatric Bulletin 22, nr 5 (maj 1998): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.5.291.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A survey was undertaken to establish the current state of liaison psychiatry in England, Scotland and Wales. Eighty-six consultants were identified who carry out specific work in liaison psychiatry, 43 of these consultants hold either full-time or half-time posts in liaison. Sixteen new posts in liaison (full-time equivalent (FTE) or half-time equivalent (HTE)) have been created in the past two years. Half of these were entirely new posts and half have been created by consultants already in a general psychiatry post renegotiating their contracts. Some specialist registrar schemes have no training slots in liaison psychiatry and others have training slots in liaison psychiatry which are supervised by a trainer who is not in a FTE/HTE liaison post. A national database is required to track expansion in liaison psychiatry and training at specialist registrar level needs to be developed.
17
Gavrilov, S. N., i M. A. Mukhin. "Features of Sheriff Court in Scotland in Early 19th Century (Exemplified by Selkirkshire County)". Nauchnyi dialog 13, nr 2 (23.03.2024): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-2-395-410.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article analyzes documents related to the sheriff court in Selkirkshire from 1799 to 1832. It investigates the extent to which legal proceedings were based on legal mechanisms. It is noted that although court materials were not meticulously filled out by the sheriff, Walter Scott, he aimed to adhere to the legal “spirit.” It is pointed out that the sheriff did not exceed the bounds of judicial jurisdiction. The punishments handed down by Walter Scott did not violate legal rules. There is no evidence that the sheriff sought to strengthen his judicial authority. It is suggested that Walter Scott did not use judicial power to cater to the most influential individuals in Selkirkshire, even though he became sheriff at their behest. In the published documents, the most authoritative figures (the third Duke of Buccleuch, the fourth Duke of Buccleuch, the fifth Duke of Buccleuch) are rarely mentioned, and legal cases only involved them in isolated instances. It is revealed that in the early 19th century, there were few individuals with legal education in Selkirkshire. Society did not demand thorough documentation from local judicial institutions, did not train an adequate number of qualified lawyers, and only marginally encouraged its representatives to formalize contracts, while providing the sheriff with insufficient salary.
18
Soyer, Baris. "Lies, Collateral Lies and Insurance Claims: The Changing Landscape in Insurance Law". Edinburgh Law Review 22, nr 2 (maj 2018): 237–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2018.0484.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Determining the scope of the fraudulent claims rule in insurance law has posed a significant challenge for the courts, particularly in the last two decades. In the shadow of the doctrine of utmost good faith, the law in this area has developed in an uncompromising fashion introducing draconian remedies against an assured who submits a fraudulent claim. The Supreme Court's most recent intervention has provided much needed guidance on the state of the law. This article, taking into account the fact that in other areas of law more proportionate remedies have gradually been introduced, discusses the boundaries of the fraudulent claims rule in insurance law as it applies in England and Wales and Scotland. Considering that the insurers might be tempted to introduce fraudulent claims clauses into their contracts to expand the common law definition of insurance fraud at the claims stage, this article also evaluates the wording of such clauses often used in practice and concludes that they lack the desired clarity.
19
Huntley, J. A. K. "The Law of Contracts and Related Obligations in Scotland. By David M. Walker. [London: Butterworths. 1985. lxxxvii + 612 pp. £35]". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 35, nr 3 (lipiec 1986): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/35.3.747-a.
Pełny tekst źródła
20
Farmer, Jane, Christina West, Bruce Whyte i Margaret Maclean. "Primary health-care teams as adaptive organizations: exploring and explaining work variation using case studies in rural and urban Scotland". Health Services Management Research 18, nr 3 (1.08.2005): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0951484054572501.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It is acknowledged, internationally, that health-care practitioners' work differs between rural and urban areas. While several factors affect individual teams' activities, there is little understanding about how patterns of work evolve. Consideration of work in relation to local circumstances is important for training, devising contracts and redesigning services. Six case studies centred on Scottish rural and urban general practices were used to examine, in-depth, the activity of primary health-care teams. Quantitative workload data about patient contacts were collected over 24 months. Interviews and diaries revealed insightful qualitative data. Findings revealed that rural general practitioners and district nurses tended to conduct more consultations per practice patient compared with their urban counterparts. Conditions seen and work tasks varied between case study teams. Qualitative data suggested that the key reasons for variation were: local needs and circumstances; choices made about deployment of available time, team composition and the extent of access to other services. Primary care teams might be viewed as adaptive organizations, with co-evolution of services produced by health professionals and local people. The study highlights limitations in the application of workload data and suggests that understanding the nature of work in relation to local circumstances is important in service redesign.
21
Stead, Joan, Gwynedd Lloyd, Pamela Munn, Sheila Riddell, Jean Kane i Gale Macleod. "Supporting our most Challenging Pupils with our Lowest Status Staff: Can Additional Staff in Scottish Schools Offer a Distinctive Kind of Help?" Scottish Educational Review 39, nr 2 (13.03.2007): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-03902008.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
There is increasing use of additional staff (teaching assistants, learning support assistants, behaviour support assistants, special educational needs auxiliaries, classroom assistants) to promote positive discipline and support pupils with behavioural difficulties in school in Scotland. This paper explores some findings from a Scottish Executive funded research project (Munn et al, 2004a), presenting some views of additional staff, pupils, parents and teaching staff on the diverse roles, professional and personal attributes and effectiveness of additional staff. We then discuss the implications of the findings for current policy and practice in relation to additional staff and their place in our classrooms and schools, arguing that they fulfil an important role. Indeed the work of additional staff was argued to play a critical role in maintaining some pupils in mainstream education. However the many different job titles and overlapping remits of these staff may hinder comprehensive understandings of their effectiveness. The marginality of many staff continues to be indicated by short-term contracts, low paid posts, limited access to formal training and ‘low status’ in the hierarchy of the school. Nevertheless this very marginality may contribute to their often successful relationship with those parents and pupils who most often have hostile and negative interactions with educational professionals.
22
Ayupova, Z. K., D. U. Kussainov, S. S. Dzhankadyrov, Winston Nagan i N. L. Seitakhmetova. "PECULIARITIES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE LABOR OF SOME CATEGORIES OF EMPLOYEES". BULLETIN 5, nr 387 (15.10.2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.150.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Research on the specifics of the legal regulation of certain categories of employees is conducted by leading foreign research centers and international organizations. In particular, the work of women, children, disabled people, homeworkers, seasonal workers and migrants is one of the most active research topics within the UN, ILO, OSCE, and CIS. For example, the topics are “Labor Market Trends and Outlook”, “Labor, Income and Equity”, “Changing World of Work”, “Macroeconomic Policies and Jobs”, “Globalization and Labor Market”, “Policy evaluation”, “Youth and Gender Issues” (Special issues of youth and gender are also covered) are recognized as one of the main topics studied by the ILO Research Department in The direction of labor market trends and prospects. The following results were obtained in scientific studies conducted in the field of determining the features of legal regulation of labor of certain categories of workers in foreign countries: proposals were developed and implemented to ensure gender equality in labor relations (University of Sterling, Scotland), eliminate discrimination by introducing rules of differentiation (Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa), and provide additional opportunities in the field of labor for women and persons employed in family responsibilities (University of Essex, UK), increasing the role of contracts in regulating the work of home workers (Middlesex University, UK), providing equal rights in the use of migrant labor (University of Oxford, UK).
23
Banerjee, Prasenjit, Rupayan Pal, Ada Wossink i James Asher. "Heterogeneity in Farmers’ Social Preferences and the Design of Green Payment Schemes". Environmental and Resource Economics 78, nr 2 (25.01.2021): 201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00529-7.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractWe examine how social preferences affect the workings of voluntary green payment schemes and show that a regulator could use facilitation services along with a social reward to generate better ecological outcome at less cost by exploiting a farmer’s social preferences to gain a green social-image/reputation. To motivate our model, we first present the results of an incentivized elicitation survey in Scotland which shows that there is a social norm of biodiversity protection on private land among farmers. Moreover, the results of a discrete choice experiment reveal that farmers are willing to give up economic rents for more publicity of their conservation activities; this confirms the relevance of reputational gain in the context of green payment schemes. Our model assumes two types of farmers, green and brown, with a green farmer taking more biodiversity protection actions than a brown farmer. We design a menu of contracts that offers both monetary incentives and non-monetary incentives (a facilitation service with social reward) to induce both type of farmers to join the scheme and to exert first-best levels (i.e., symmetric information levels) of action. Results show that under asymmetric information the regulator can implement the symmetric information equilibrium levels of biodiversity protection actions with only non-monetary incentives for the green farmer and only monetary incentives for the brown farmer. This implies that a regulator can ensure better environmental outcomes, at a lower cost, by exploiting farmers’ social preferences and by offering non-monetary incentives.
24
Hartley, Anna, Christine Bates, Imali Fernando, Serish Basavaraj, Jillian Pritchard, Sarah Edwards, Cindy Sethi, Ben Goorney, Dayan Vijeratnam i Sashidharan Parameswaran. "O37 Genital dermatology is a high proportion of the case load presenting to walk-in sexual health services across the united kingdom". Sexually Transmitted Infections 93, Suppl 1 (czerwiec 2017): A13.3—A14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053232.37.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
IntroductionPatients with genital dermatology (GD) conditions frequently present to sexual health services. Following service tendering, there are reports of contracts excluding provision of specialist GD services within sexual health. We aimed to review the case load of GD conditions presenting to walk-in sexual health clinics, to reach an understanding of the demand for these services within our specialty.MethodsMembers of the BASHH GD Specialist Interest Group collected data on the first 30 to 50 new symptomatic patients presenting to their sexual health walk-in service on 5thSeptember.Results382 patients presented to 9 services across England and Scotland. Of these, 164 (43%) presented with a GD condition. GD STI diagnoses (e.g. warts, herpes simplex) were excluded. 75 patients (20%) presented with non-STI GD conditions.Of these, 59% were male, 91% heterosexual. The modal age range and ethnicity were 18–25 year olds (36%) and white British (67%).GD diagnoses included: candida/tinea 17%, normal variant 11%, eczema 8%, non-specific balanitis 8%, irritant dermatitis 7%, vulvodynia 5%, lichen sclerosus 5%, lichen planus 3%, psoriasis 3%. 17% of cases required senior review. 33% had follow up: 32% by a Genitourinary Medicine consultant; 12% in a Genitourinary Medicine specialist clinic. 4% required skin biopsy.DiscussionOur study demonstrates that non-STI GD conditions constitute a high proportion of clinical presentations to walk-in sexual health services. Many cases require in-house senior input. Commissioners must recognise the burden of GD on services and the expertise required to ensure optimal management of GD within sexual health.
25
Kalyebara, Baliira, i Abdullahi D. Ahmed. "Capital markets, corporate governance and capital budgeting: Implications for firm value". Corporate Ownership and Control 9, nr 3 (2012): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3art1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The conventional discounting capital budgeting techniques have been widely criticized for being inappropriate in incorporating multi-criteria interactions and for focusing on one-off single objective of maximizing net present value. This paper modifies a Multiple Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) optimization model of Levary and Seitz (1990). It adds to the objective function the mitigation of agency costs as a proxy of good corporate governance principles and capital market interactions. The goal of the study is to examine the impact of agency costs on the present value of a long term capital project and investment appraisal decision making in the airline industry to support better capital investment decision making in the future. Recent collapses of high profile companies in airline industry and other industries such as Flyglobespan Airline (in the year 2009) in Scotland, Ansett Airline (in the year 2001)in Australia, Enron(in the year 2001)and Lehman Brothers (in 2008)in the U.S whose impact is still being experienced today provide us with evidence of how important the minimization of agency costs is for the survival and success of organisations and the huge amounts involved as a result of poor corporate governance. The results reveal that debt financing which is often provided by capital markets plays an influential role in shaping the investment appraisal decisions through interest rates and debt covenants embedded in the debt contracts. The results show that mitigation of agency costs improves the firm’s cash flow, financial management and corporate governance. It discourages illegal earnings management practices, enhances investment decisions, investors’ confidence and reliability in the firm’s investment decisions and hence enhances the firm value.
26
Burns, Fiona R. "The elderly and undue influence inter vivos". Legal Studies 23, nr 2 (czerwiec 2003): 251–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2003.tb00214.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
An important demographic and social trend is becoming indisputably evident in the UK. The population is ageing, and a clearly discernible group of elderly persons is growing. As this trend continues, it will be necessary to reconsider the effectiveness and application of the law from the perspective of the elderly claimant. While it has been recognised that there must be a legal scheme to oversee the care and protection of persons, including elders, who are unable to care for their interests due to severe disability, it is becoming evident that even elders who are apparently healthy and able may be vulnerable. Undue influence inter vivos is a significant legal doctrine upon which elderly people have relied in recent times to set aside gifs, contracts and guarantees which they (or their representatives) have considered in hindsight were not in their best interests. This paper seeks to provide an analysis of and contribute to an understanding of the doctrine of undue influence from the perspective of the elderly claimant in the UK. The paper considers actual and presumed undue influence and the impact of the House of Lords decision in Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge (No2). It will be argued that the law of undue influence inter vivos is in transition from a nineteenth-century doctrine which did not confer a special legal status on the elderly to one which is applied in the context of an increasing recognition that the events leading up to the transaction and the circumstances of the case may indicate that elders need the relief which the doctrine affords. Nevertheless, the transition to a modem system of undue influence for the elderly is incomplete. There remain outstanding issues which need consideration before it can be said that there is a comprehensive or logically coherent approach to elders and undue influence.
27
Hayes, Helen, Jonathan Gibson, Bridie Fitzpatrick, Kath Checkland, Bruce Guthrie, Matt Sutton, John Gillies i Stewart W. Mercer. "Working lives of GPs in Scotland and England: cross-sectional analysis of national surveys". BMJ Open 10, nr 10 (październik 2020): e042236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042236.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ObjectivesThe UK faces major problems in retaining general practitioners (GPs). Scotland introduced a new GP contract in April 2018, intended to better support GPs. This study compares the career intentions and working lives of GPs in Scotland with GPs in England, shortly after the new Scotland contract was introduced.Design and settingComparison of cross-sectional analysis of survey responses of GPs in England and Scotland in 2017 and 2018, respectively, using linear regression to adjust the differences for gender, age, ethnicity, urbanicity and deprivation.Participants2048 GPs in Scotland and 879 GPs in England.Main outcome measuresFour intentions to reduce work participation (5-point scales: 1=‘none’, 5=‘high’): reducing working hours; leaving medical work entirely; leaving direct patient care; or continuing medical work but outside the UK. Four domains of working life: job satisfaction (7-point scale: 1=‘extremely dissatisfied’, 7=‘extremely satisfied’); job stressors (5-point-scale: 1=‘no pressure’, 5=‘high pressure); positive and negative job attributes (5-point scales: 1=‘strongly disagree’, 5=‘strongly agree’).ResultsCompared with England, GPs in Scotland had lower intention to reduce work participation, including a lower likelihood of reducing work hours (2.78 vs 3.54; adjusted difference=−0.52; 95% CI −0.64 to −0.41), a lower likelihood of leaving medical work entirely (2.11 vs 2.76; adjusted difference=−0.32; 95% CI −0.42 to −0.22), a lower likelihood of leaving direct patient care (2.23 vs 2.93; adjusted difference=−0.37; 95% CI −0.47 to −0.27), and a lower likelihood of continuing medical work but outside of the UK (1.41 vs 1.61; adjusted difference=−0.2; 95% CI −0.28 to −0.12). GPs in Scotland reported higher job satisfaction, lower job stressors, similar positive job attributes and lower negative job attributes.ConclusionFollowing the introduction of the new contract in Scotland, GPs in Scotland reported significantly better working lives and lower intention to reduce work participation than England.
28
Henderson, Fiona, Christine Reilly, David Moyes i Geoffrey Whittam. "From charity to social enterprise: the marketization of social care". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, nr 3 (8.05.2018): 651–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2016-0344.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose In Scotland, the self-directed support (SDS) legislation is a catch-all payment system which brings challenges to local authorities, service delivery organisations and the service users it is intended to empower. Set against a backdrop of cuts to local authorities and third-sector funding, this policy presents third-sector organisations with both the opportunities and challenges of commercialising their activities to become more sustainable. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence of the challenges faced by one charity as it engages in a process of hybridity to accommodate changes in its funding due to the introduction of SDS. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilises a case study approach. The paper captures the experiences and views of managers, staff and parents advocating for their children through interviews with a purposive sample from each group. The challenges of gathering data and giving a voice to caregivers advocating for children with complex needs are discussed, particularly the difficulties in accessing a hard to reach group. Findings The findings identifies issues which have arisen because of the proposed changed in strategic direction of the organisation due to the introduction of SDS and are all related to hybridity. The findings are arranged in four sub-sections based on the themes that emerged from the qualitative data generated from the interviews: the practical delivery of care; tensions between care and quality, the care workforce, and the parent perspective. Research limitations/implications SDS policy has had unexpected impacts and reactions whilst rolling out across regions in Scotland, but policymakers and those involved in the care sector, including consumers, face significant challenges in gathering evidence not only from the vulnerable populations this policy affects but also from organisations already under pressure from austerity-led cuts. This paper presents the challenges to organisations involved in caring for children with complex needs, who are a particularly neglected group of stakeholders. Practical implications Organically arising barriers to organisational transition from charity to social enterprise are presented, as staff and caregivers react to the prospect of SDS uptake affecting their organisation. Proactive attempts to embrace a hybrid approach by the organisation are analysed. Social implications Understanding how social care organisations and clients are reacting to the implementation of individual payments as opposed to the previous system of block contracts is crucial as the sector faces very real prospects of organisations closing when individuals are able to pick and choose care. A policy based on choice and control for the consumer risks removing choice through a loss of services in the marketplace, leaving vulnerable populations at risk. Originality/value This study is unique. No research has been done exploring the transition of charities servicing children with complex needs in anticipation of self-directed payments creating an open market. The paper further contributes to the existing knowledge regarding hybrid organisations within the third sector.
29
Gilchrist, Anne, i Sandra Davies. "The new consultant contract in Scotland". Psychiatric Bulletin 29, nr 7 (lipiec 2005): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.29.7.276-b.
Pełny tekst źródła
30
Beecham, L. "Litigation authority set up for the NHS GPs in inner London to get 35m Reducing GPs' paperwork Juniors' contracts will be held by trusts in Scotland MPs debate merits of commissioning and fundholding Government updates health statistics". BMJ 311, nr 7015 (11.11.1995): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7015.1306.
Pełny tekst źródła
31
Dewar, Michael. "Making practices more sustainable in Scotland". Practice Management 30, nr 7 (2.07.2020): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prma.2020.30.7.26.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Scottish GMS Contract 2018 and the introduction of government sustainability loans could prompt Scottish GPs to consider converting their practices to limited liability partnerships. The profession south of the border should follow developments with interest
32
Cranmer, Frank, i Scot Peterson. "Employment, Sex Discrimination and The Churches: The Percy Case". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 8, nr 39 (lipiec 2006): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00006694.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this paper, the authors present different views of the legal implications of Percy v Church of Scotland Board of National Mission, in which the House of Lords reversed the Court of Session and held that a former minister could sue the Church under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and, contrary to previous views, probably had an enforceable contract for services. Cranmer describes the basis for the decision and suggests that it represents a realistic view of the employment status of clergy. Peterson is less optimistic about the decisions legal and practical effects and argues that it undermines the constitutional status of the Church of Scotland as well as overall prospects for religious freedom in Scotland.
33
Telford, Denise. "The Mesolithic Inheritance: Contrasting Neolithic Monumentality in Eastern and Western Scotland". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 68 (2002): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001547.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Generalised socio-economic models have in the past been applied wholesale to Neolithic monuments throughout Scotland without taking the country's diverse physical landscape and cultural histories into account. This paper explores whether regional variations in Neolithic monumentality can be paralleled with earlier Mesolithic disparities, and considers to what extent, with the introduction of agriculture, contemporary social systems and thus the ideology underlying monumental construction was affected by geographical factors.It is suggested that:• Contrasts during the Mesolithic between the Western seaboard and the Eastern lowlands/South-east Scotland continue throughout the Neolithic.• The different functions of monuments during the Early Neolithic are generally dictated by divergent topography in Eastern and Western Scotland.• By the later Neolithic social hierarchies emerged in regions suited to agricultural development.
34
Christie, B. "New contract pushes up cost of GP care in Scotland". BMJ 337, jul07 1 (7.07.2008): a692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a692.
Pełny tekst źródła
35
Hertzell, David. "Insurance Contract Law Reform in England and Scotland – An Update". ERA Forum 9, S1 (22.08.2008): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-008-0076-1.
Pełny tekst źródła
36
Hjörleifsdóttir i Whyte. "Women’s breast cancer and epidemiology: Scotland and Iceland, contrasts and comparisons". European Journal of Cancer Care 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2354.1999.00155.x.
Pełny tekst źródła
37
Kornilina, Polina V. "The doctrine of error in Scotland and the South African Republic". Pravovedenie 67, nr 2 (2023): 137–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.202.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
he article presents the results of a comparative-legal analysis of the doctrine of error at the contract conclusion in the mixed jurisdictions of Scotland and the South African Republic. The jurisdictions in question were significantly influenced by the continental civil law tradition as well as the common law tradition. The civil doctrine was taken as the basis for the formation of the doctrines of error in the law of Scotland as well as in the law of South Africa and subsequently underwent the influence of common law. In view of this similar doctrine development, both systems face similar problems: namely, the development of criteria for distinguishing a significant error from an insignificant one, as well as determining the exact amount of exemption from obligations assumed by a party to the contract under the influence of a significant error. Thus it is of interest to consider how the mixed nature is reflected in the doctrine of error, to the formation of which legal structures it has led to and to compare how each of the considered jurisdictions manage to solve similar problems arising. The author established a legal analysis of the mixed systems of Scotland and South Africa Republic, noting their proximity. The main issues of the doctrine of error are analysed, in particular, the content of the concepts of “material error” and “justus error” in the law of South African Republic, and the concepts of “essential error” / “error in substantialibus”, as well as “but for” test in Scottish law. The influence of the introduction of misrepresentation (in the terminology of English law) on the doctrine of error (mistake in the terminology of English law) in the legal jurisdictions of Scotland and South Africa is considered. Also the legal consequences of a significant error are analysed. Despite the lack of clear established legal consequences of the significant error in the legal jurisdictions in question, Scottish law stands for voidness, while South African law tends toward voidability.
38
Bryan, Christie. "New consultants' contract sees pay bill rise by 38% in Scotland". BMJ 332, nr 7541 (9.03.2006): 568.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7541.568.
Pełny tekst źródła
39
Rössner, Philipp Robinson. "The 1738–41 Harvest Crisis in Scotland". Scottish Historical Review 90, nr 1 (kwiecień 2011): 27–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2011.0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Between 1738 and 1741 Scotland experienced one of the harshest harvest crises and depressions in the eighteenth-century. After at least two consecutive harvest failures (in 1739 and 1740 and perhaps also in 1738) agrarian and industrial output contracted, the price level doubled, and average incomes fell below subsistence. Due to an increase in mortality, there was also a considerable contraction in aggregate demand. Data drawn from both the micro- as well as the macro-level shows the disastrous economic impact such deficient harvests – the depression's initial trigger – would have upon Scotland, a pre-industrial economy dominated by agriculture. Such shocks in agrarian supply tended to work out as general adverse shocks in aggregate supply, as the economy's business cycle was to a large extent determined by movements in the harvest cycle. The implicit task of the paper also is to point out the variety of available sources for, as well as one possible strategy of, writing a quantitative macro-economic history of eighteenth-century Scotland.
40
Devine, T. M. "Climax of Clearance: Famine, Race and Compulsory Emigration". Scottish Affairs 32, nr 4 (listopad 2023): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0475.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This public lecture considers the impact of the 1840s European potato blight on Scotland. It focuses especially on the Highlands, where phytophthora infestans exposed the people of the region to acute life-threatening crisis. Throughout, comparisons and contrasts are drawn with the Great Irish Famine ( an Gorta Mór) which has attracted much more scholarly and popular attention than the famine in Scotland. One key question is why did the Highlands not starve, unlike the appalling tragedy over the Irish Sea? Devine further describes how Highland famine triggered an unprecedented scale and intensity of ‘clearance’, forced removal of people from their traditional holdings, which emptied entire districts of their people. He concludes by querying whether the era of Clearance ended with the removal of forced mass eviction, or whether other strategies by the landed class served to compel Highlanders to leave.
41
Pettegree, Jane. "Volunteer Bands and Local Identity in Caithness at the Time of the Second Reform Act". Scottish Studies 40 (24.01.2024): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ss.v40.9291.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Caithness lay outside the national railway network in 1868, but as this article demonstrates, used the band music of its local volunteer military units, embedded within a wider contemporary British context of imperial music-making, as a means to express and shape local political identities. The second Reform Act of 1867, enacted in Scotland by the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1868, prompted wider reimagining about what it meant to be a citizen of Scotland and Britain. Regular references to civic bands in contemporary newspapers and carefully posed photographs in local archives provide evidence for the popularity of Silver and Brass bands connected with the Caithness Volunteer movement. As they marched around towns, villages and countryside, especially around the time of the national elections and local by-elections of 1868-9, their music created powerfully affective soundscapes that connected traditional local identities with the modern British fiscal-military state, helping people to imagine their place as citizens in a period of widening political engagement. The county’s band music provides a microhistory that allows exploration of contrasts between rural and civic patterns of political behaviour in this period.
42
Macleod, John, i Obiora Ezike. "Restitution Under an Illegal Contract: A Scots Law Perspective on Patel v. Mirza". European Review of Private Law 26, Issue 2 (1.04.2018): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2018019.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract: The illegality doctrine is an area where Scottish materials are sparse and conflicting. There have therefore been calls for law reform in Scotland, even along the lines of the United Kingdom Supreme Court (UKSC) decision in Patel v. Mirza. Moreover, Patel is already being mentioned with approval in Scottish courts and texts, and this suggests that any case which comes after it is likely to follow it closely.
43
FLOYD, J. D., i A. TRENCH. "Magnetic susceptibility contrasts in Ordovician greywackes of the Southern Uplands of Scotland". Journal of the Geological Society 146, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.146.1.0077.
Pełny tekst źródła
44
McCluskey, Gillean, Ted Cole, Harry Daniels, Ian Thompson i Alice Tawell. "Exclusion from school in Scotland and across the UK : Contrasts and questions". British Educational Research Journal 45, nr 6 (12.07.2019): 1140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/berj.3555.
Pełny tekst źródła
45
Lee, Maurice. "The Buccleuch Marriage Contract: An Unknown Episode in Scottish Politics". Albion 25, nr 3 (1993): 395–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050875.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
On October 5, 1663, the Scottish Parliament took an action unique in its long and variegated history. It ratified a marriage contract between two of the king's subjects. Not ordinary subjects, to be sure—they were the duke of Monmouth, Charles II’s eldest bastard, a lad of fourteen, and Anna Scott, countess of Buccleuch, aged twelve, who had been married the previous April. Persuading Parliament to ratify this contract was potentially a very tricky business; the king entrusted the handling of it to the earl of Lauderdale, the secretary of state, normally resident in Whitehall, who had been sent to Scotland to manage this session of Parliament. The ratification was a private act, one of a large number passed at each session of the Scottish Parliament in favor of private individuals and corporations: towns, universities, etc. Because it was a private act Osmund Airy, the editor of the Lauderdale papers, our principal source for the day-to-day doings of this Parliament, ignored it in making his selection from the vast Lauderdale correspondence. So the episode has gone completely unnoticed by historians. This is a pity, not only because the story of the marriage contract and its ratification is fascinating in itself, but also because it was important for Lauderdale's political future. Lauderdale's success in getting the ratification passed without backlash helped to convince King Charles that he was the man to manage Scottish business from now on.The political history of Restoration Scotland has been largely neglected by historians. Lauderdale was the dominant figure for most of Charles's reign, but it was some years before he achieved that eminence. Lord Chancellor Clarendon, until his fall in 1667, was Charles's principal adviser for all of his three kingdoms, a fact that Lauderdale resented but had to live with. Clarendon did not like Lauderdale, who, he wrote, had been a leader of the Covenanters' rebellion “when he was scarce of age, and prosecuted it to the end with the most eminent fierceness and animosity.”
46
Harris, Tim. "The People, the Law, and the Constitution in Scotland and England: A Comparative Approach to the Glorious Revolution". Journal of British Studies 38, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 28–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386180.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Despite the growing interest in recent years in taking a British approach to the problems of the first half of the seventeenth century, Restoration historians have been slow to follow the trend. Instead, the historiographical traditions for Charles II's and James II's three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland have remained largely independent; rather than coming closer together, if anything they seem to be growing further apart. We see this in particular with the historiographies of the Glorious Revolution in Scotland and England, which have become curiously “out of sync.” It used to be the case that the Revolution in England was seen as a most unrevolutionary affair, a bloodless palace coup brought about as much by the Tories as the Whigs; by this account, James was not overthrown for breaking his contract with the people, but was regarded as having abdicated, and the framers of the Revolution settlement simply sought to vindicate ancient rights and liberties (as they put it in the Declaration of Rights), rather than assert any new constitutional principles. If the Revolution in England tended to be seen in a conservative, perhaps even Tory context, the radical, Whig revolution was still to be found, but north of the border, in Scotland. For it was in Scotland where the Whigs were unequivocally the architects, where James was seen as having forfeited his crown by his arbitrary and tyrannical style of government, and where a truly revolutionary settlement in church and state was established.
47
Cook, Martin. "Recently excavated Iron Age burials from the Western Isles". Scottish Archaeological Journal 40, nr 1 (marzec 2018): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2018.0094.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Between 2004 and 2008, AOC Archaeology Group undertook the excavation of four separate Iron Age burials. These remains had been exposed by coastal erosion, and were excavated under the terms of the Historic Scotland Call-Off Contract for Human Remains; the four inhumations were fully excavated and radiocarbon dated. The excavations provide new evidence for Iron Age burial practice in the Western Isles and, more generally, Scotland. The examples discussed here from Scarista, Vallay, Griminish and Drimsdale were all unaccompanied burials, which by the position of the body in the grave and/or the grave setting, may have, in the past, been interpreted as possible Bronze Age or Early Historic graves in the absence of direct dates obtained from the human skeletal remains. These recent discoveries emphasise the necessity for the application of radiocarbon techniques (in the common absence of grave goods) to classify burials chronologically.
48
Berezuk, Andre Geraldo, i Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris. "Brazil’s and Scotland’s Water Policies: A North-South Comparison". Review of European Studies 10, nr 4 (19.11.2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n4p164.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Water management is a main public policy issue and an important matter inside of the political context of any nation. The comprehension of water policies is directly related to national development strategies. This paper examines the water policies aspects of two different but emblematic national experiences (in Brazil and Scotland) and address multidimensional and territorialized questions. Brazil has the largest stock of surface freshwater in the world and the country’s development increasingly depends on adequate water policies and improved technical and managerial strategies. By its turn, Scotland is famous for high water quality and for recently implemented of the most ambitious institutional water mechanism in Europe. Our analysis contrasts the two national water policy frameworks through a consideration of their political and territorial particularities. This comparative analysis is undertaken by the use of common matrice that helps to showing the outcomes of each country policy. The text contributes towards the international debate on water institutional reforms and their associated political-hydrological challenges.
49
Hawthorne, Donna, i Kevin Paton. "Excavating a Mid-Iron Age crouched inhumation on the shores of Loch Gruinart, Islay, Argyll and Bute". Scottish Archaeological Journal 41, nr 1 (marzec 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2019.0106.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Human remains uncovered across Atlantic Scotland have displayed a variety of burial rites practised throughout the Iron Age. An excavation on the island of Islay, as part of the Historic Environment Scotland Human Remains Call-Off Contract, has uncovered a crouched inhumation eroding out of sand dunes near the western shore of Loch Gruinart. Osteological analysis of the skeleton revealed it is that of an adult male, aged between 26 and 35 years. The body was found in a crouched position on its left-hand side, aligned south-east to north-west, with the head raised up and turned to face the west. No artefacts or grave goods were found in association with the burial. Radiocarbon dating has established that the remains relate to the Mid-Iron Age. The evidence uncovered here adds to the evolving narrative of the nature and date of the varying burial rites practised throughout this region during the Iron Age.
50
Cranmer, Frank. "Clergy Employment, Judicial Review and the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 12, nr 3 (20.08.2010): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x1000044x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Revd Allan Macdonald was inducted as Free Presbyterian Minister at Daviot, Tomatin and Stratherrick in 2001. He received neither a written contract of employment nor a statement of terms and conditions. In 2006 he wrote book, Veritatem Eme, that was highly critical of some aspects of the life of the Church and was ordered to apologise. He refused to comply, was temporarily suspended in January 2007 and suspended from the ministry sine die – in effect, dismissed – in May 2008.