Rozprawy doktorskie: „Contextual communication”

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Wang, Wei. "WebRTC Quality Control in Contextual Communication Systems". Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232704.

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Audio and video communication is a universal task with a long history of technologies. Recent examples of these technologies include Skype video calling, Apple’s Face Time, and Google Hangouts. Today, these services offer everyday users the ability to have an interactive conference with both audio and video streams. However, many of these solutions depend on extra plugins or applications installing on the user’s personal computer or mobile device. Some of them also are subject to licensing, introducing a huge barrier for developers and restraining new companies from entering this area. The aim of Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) is to provide direct access to multimedia streams in the browser, thus making it possible to create rich media applications using web technology without the need for plugins or developers needing to pay technology license fees. Ericsson develops solutions for communication targeting professional and business users. With the increasing possibilities to gather data (via cloud-based applications) about the quality experienced by users in their video conferences, new demands are placed on the infrastructure to handle this data. Additionally, there is a question of how the stats should be utilized to automatically control the quality of service (QoS) in WebRTC communication systems. The thesis project deployed a WebRTC quality control service with methods of data processing and modeling to assess the perceived video quality of the ongoing session, and in further produce appropriate actions to remedy poor quality. Lastly, after evaluated on the Ericsson contextual test platform, the project verified that two of the stats-parameters (network delay and packet loss percentage) for assessing QoS have the negative effect on the perceived video quality but with different influence degree. Moreover, the available bandwidth turned out to be an important factor, which should be added as an additional stats-parameter to improve the performance of a WebRTC quality control service.
Ljud och videokommunikation är en universell uppgift med en lång historia av teknik. Exempel på dessa teknologier är Skype-videosamtal, Apples ansiktstid och Google Hangouts. Idag erbjuder dessa tjänster vardagliga användare möjligheten att ha en interaktiv konferens med både ljud- och videoströmmar. Men många av dessa lösningar beror på extra plugins eller applikationer som installeras på användarens personliga dator eller mobila enhet. Vissa av dem är också föremål för licensiering, införande av ett stort hinder för utvecklare och att hindra nya företag att komma in i detta område. Syftet med Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) är att ge direkt åtkomst till multimediaströmmar i webbläsaren, vilket gör det möjligt att skapa rich media-applikationer med webbteknik utan att plugins eller utvecklare behöver betala licensavgifter för teknik. Ericsson utvecklar lösningar för kommunikationsriktning för professionella och företagsanvändare. Med de ökande möjligheterna att samla data (via molnbaserade applikationer) om kvaliteten hos användare på sina videokonferenser ställs nya krav på infrastrukturen för att hantera dessa data. Dessutom är det fråga om hur statistiken ska användas för att automatiskt kontrollera kvaliteten på tjänsten (QoS) i WebRTC-kommunikationssystem. Avhandlingsprojektet tillämpade en WebRTC-kvalitetskontrolltjänst med metoder för databehandling och modellering för att bedöma upplevd videokvalitet av den pågående sessionen och vidare producera lämpliga åtgärder för att avhjälpa dålig kvalitet. Slutligen, efter utvärdering på Ericssons kontextuella testplattform, verifierade projektet att två av statistikparametrarna (nätverksfördröjning och paketförlustprocent) för bedömning av QoS har den negativa effekten på upplevd videokvalitet men med olika inflytningsgrad. Dessutom visade den tillgängliga bandbredd att vara en viktig faktor, som bör läggas till som en extra statistikparameter för att förbättra prestanda för enWebRTC-kvalitetskontrolltjänst.

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Buechner, Barton David. "Contextual mentoring of student veterans| A communication perspective". Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615729.

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Nearly two million combat veterans are now in various stages of the process of returning from service and entering higher education using the post-9/11 GI Bill. Who is guiding and advising them in the process of this transition, and how are they doing it? To help answer this question, this qualitative phenomenological study examines the narratives of successful student veterans for ways that mentors played a role in their transition from military service to academia. The study was informed by an examination of relevant literature, including individual mentoring and group mentoring; medical and non-medical readjustment counseling for returning combat veterans; various branches of psychology, communication, social construction, and warrior mythology and storytelling. Narrative data were examined using a composite metatheoretical model drawing on domains of human experience (Shay, 2010), integral theory and the all quadrants, all levels (AQAL) model (Wilber, 2006), and the coordinated management of meaning theory of social construction in communication (Pearce, 2008). This analysis revealed patterns of multiple mentor interaction across various social worlds that helped them to make meaning from their experiences in transition, and bridge between different social contexts of home, military, and school. An unexpected but significant finding was the presence and role of traumatic experiences fitting the description of “moral injury” (Drescher et al., 2011) or “psychic wounding” (Malabou, 2012) as linked to the episodes of being mentored while making meaning of these experiences. This suggests the relationship of coordinated mentor communications to the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth, and the particular attunement of adult education (andragogy) as enabling context. Applying these findings to the composite four-quadrant model resulted in an integrated conceptual model of “contextual mentoring,” which provides a framework to consider the way coordinated mentor influences may act as mediating structures to support the development or transformation of returning veterans during their transition in higher education.

Keywords: veterans, mentoring, group mentoring, posttraumatic growth, moral injury, phenomenology, communication, coordinated management of meaning (CMM), social construction of reality, adult learning, andragogy, mediating structures.

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Avgerinakou, Anthi. "Contextual factors of flaming in computer-mediated communication". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2201.

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Instead of viewing 'flaming' in computer-mediated communication (CMC) as an objective feature of CMC messages, this study adopts an innovative communication analysis approach and theorises it as an interactional phenomenon emerging between luman actors influenced by the social situations created in CMC and the roles and relationships the medium's attributes facilitate.

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Sawhney, Nitin 1971. "Contextual awareness, messaging and communication in nomadic audio environments". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36091.

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Chtourou, Ameni. "Contextual communication for intelligent transportation systems in hybrid networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG116.

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Un rôle important des C-ITS est d'élargir la perception des usagers de la route afin d'éviter les accidents de la route. Une telle perception étendue est construite par l'échange d'informations entre les véhicules, les piétons et l'infrastructures à l'aide de différents types de messages, notamment le message CAM et le message de perception collective (CPM). Bien que les données transportées par ces messages soient critiques, elles consomment beaucoup de ressources. Actuellement, les CAM et les CPM sont diffusés périodiquement avec une fréquence minimale de 1 Hz. De plus, leurs fréquences peuvent être adaptées en fonction de la dynamique du véhicule (vitesse, accélération,...) et en outre avec l'état du canal sans fil lorsqu'une fonctionnalité de contrôle de congestion distribué (DCC) est activée. Cependant, il peut être vital pour un véhicule de transmettre ses informations à un débit élevé dans les zones critiques, telles que les intersections, même si cela peut entraîner un taux d'occupation de canal (CBR) plus élevé. Au contraire, les véhicules à faible risque de collision peuvent réduire leur fréquence de transmission pour éviter une charge inutile sur le canal. Par conséquent, la diffusion de tels messages doit être effectuée de manière efficace afin que les exigences d'application de la sécurité routière soient garanties et que l'utilisation des ressources soit optimisée.Cela nécessite que la communication soit contextuelle, capable de contrôler les paramètres de communication en tenant compte des exigences de l'application, de la disponibilité des technologies de communication et des ressources radio ainsi que des conditions environnementales (configuration des routes, densité du trafic, présence d'infrastructures en bordure de route, etc.) . Par conséquent, établir des contextes qui caractérisent les informations collectées environnementales et non environnementales est un défi majeur pour la communication contextuelle.La thèse vise à étudier et à développer une communication contextuelle pour les applications de sécurité routière. L'objectif principal est de concevoir des algorithmes capables d'optimiser la communication V2X sur la base d'une reconnaissance des contextes, notamment la disponibilité des ressources radio, les conditions environnementales et les exigences de l'application. Le travail comprend deux phases. Dans la première phase, nous présentons une architecture de communication contextuelle et nous modélisons des contextes en termes d'exigences applicatives (contexte1) et de contexte environnemental (contexte2). Le premier contexte vise à définir les exigences de l'application et à évaluer les performances des stratégies de diffusion des messages CAM par rapport aux exigences. Le contexte environnemental particulièrement la disponibilité de l'infrastructure permettant une communication I2V qui peut remplacer la communication V2V dans cette zone locale, ce qui améliore la perception collective et réduit la charge du canal grâce à sa plus grande couverture de communication et son plus large champ de vision de capteurs. La deuxième phase vise à concevoir et développer des algorithmes qui contrôlent le contenu des messages en tenant compte des contextes préalablement modélisés tout en assurant un haut niveau de perception/conscience collective
An important role of C-ITS is to extend perception of individual road users so that traffic accidents are avoided. Such an extended perception is built by information exchange among vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure using different types of messages including cooperative awareness message (CAM) and Collective Perception Message (CPM). While data carried by these messages are critical, they are resource-consuming. Currently, CAMs and CPMs are broadcasted periodically with a minimum frequency of 1Hz. In addition, their frequencies can be adapted based on vehicle dynamics (speed, acceleration,...) and further with wireless channel condition when a distributed congestion control (DCC) functionality is enabled. However, it might be vital for a vehicle to transmit its beacons at a high rate in critical areas, such as intersections, even if this may result in higher channel busy ratio (CBR). On the contrary, vehicles with a low risk of collision may reduce their transmission frequency to avoid unnecessary load on the channel. Hence, dissemination of such messages must be made in an efficient way so that road safety application requirement is ensured and resource utilization is optimized.This requires the communication be context-aware, being able to control communication parameters by taking into account application requirements, availability of communication technologies and radio resources as well as environmental condition (road layout, traffic density, presence of roadside infrastructure, and etc.). Hence, establishing contexts that characterize environmental and non-environmental collected information is a key challenge for context-aware communication.The thesis targets at studying and developing context aware communication for road safety applications. The main goal is to design algorithms that are able to optimize V2X communication based on a recognition of the contexts particularly radio resource availability, environmental condition and application requirements. The work consists of two phases. In the first phase, we present context aware communication architecture and study/model contexts in terms of application requirement (context1) and environmental context (context2). The first context aims to define application requirement and evaluate performances of Cooperative Awareness Service strategies against requirements. Environmental context consists on infrastructure availability allowing I2V communication that may replace V2V communication in that local area resulting in improved collective perception and reduced channel load thanks to its larger communication coverage and sensor field of view. The second phase intends to design and develop algorithms that control/select message data contents taking into account contexts previously modeled while ensuring a high level of collective perception/awareness

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Huwer, Jennifer. "Understanding handshaking the result of contextual, interpersonal and social demands /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/757.

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Perry, Shirley J. "Ethical decision making by nurses and doctors: Communication, professional and contextual influences". Thesis, Perry, Shirley J. (2001) Ethical decision making by nurses and doctors: Communication, professional and contextual influences. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50479/.

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There are many decisions made in health that have an ethical dimension, and there is a growing realisation of this by health care professionals and by society. Understanding the factors that influence the processes employed in reaching an ethical decision is likely to be crucial in providing effective patient care. This study explores the communication patterns between health professionals when engaged in ethical decision making, and examines the way in which ethical decision making in health care practice is influenced by three factors- communication processes, professional background (as exhibited by professional values and the role perceptions of health professionals involved), and the context (represented by two specific types of health care settings). Existing literature has tended to focus on one or two aspects considered important in ethical decision making, but not how they are linked together, and may influence each other. A conceptual framework was developed to demonstrate the way in which the four factors affect ethical decision making in health care practice and to articulate the different theoretical perspectives used to explore them. The study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies to investigate the different aspects, using two in-depth interviews with each participant together with rating scales. The study included an analysis of qualitative interview data, and comparative analysis of responses on particular sets of questions. For the qualitative analysis. Coding Categories were developed from the data and from the literature, for ethical decision making. communication, professional values, and professional roles. The Participants were 12 nurses and 12 doctors (representing two professional health groups), from intensive care and palliative care-two specific contexts in health care where ethical issues arise and ethical decisions are made. Findings from the study indicate differences amongst participants in relation to crucial elements of the ethical decision making process, and a lack of clarity in their perceptions about their roles, values, and effectiveness in communication when decisions of an ethical nature are to be made. Differences due to professional education and socialisation processes, and the context, were of pivotal significance. There were differences between the two professional groups, doctors and nurses, and between members of the two speciality areas, intensive care and palliative care. Nurses and doctors operated at different levels of effectiveness in relation to ethical matters, had difficulty identifying ethical dilemmas, and identified different priorities when ethical decisions were to be made, i here were differences in relation to communication in ideal and actual situations in clinical practice. Nurses and doctors generally found collaboration (postulated to be the highest form of communication) difficult to define, and not often in evidence in their workplaces. Participants gave a variety of responses in relation to the priority of personal and professional values in professional behaviour. They also gave many examples of value conflict, but few examples of effective strategies used to deal with conflict. Most participants had difficulty defining their roles and each other’s, and had differing views about doctors’ and nurses’ roles in decision making. The findings of this study, which are relevant to almost all aspects of patient care, will facilitate a greater understanding of the complex factors which influence ethical decision making by doctors and nurses, and have implications for both practice and theory. Recommendations are made in regard to clinical and generic education, workplace practices and the potential for further research.

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Kamunge, Paul M. "Contextual teaching of soteriology amongst the Central Bantu of Kenya". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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Tierney, Gisele Marie. "A contextual analysis of selected communication strategies associated with dyadic and situation characteristics : a field study". PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3653.

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A contextual analysis investigation of related communication acts is concerned with the multidimensional nature of human interdependence. The communication strategy is a category of relational communication acts that can be viewed as one of the ways in which interactants promote or maintain a working consensus and enhance interpersonal discovery. Strategy use is motivated by the nature of the relationship rather than by the speaker's conscious attempts to direct outcomes.

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Dickhaus, Joshua Brandon. "RACISM IN CONTEMPORARY SPORTS: A PERCEPTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1153267673.

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Mendoza, Gretchen Marie. "Fostering trust in technical services through integrated, collaborative and contextual learning". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2011. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/23.

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Trust is an intrinsic component of any loyal “consumer friendship” between customers and service providers, and is a by-product of shared understanding. Nowhere is the notion of trust more relevant than in technical service—such as professional legal practice, architecture, medical care and auto repair—where the primary commodities exchanged are specialized knowledge, equipment and skills. A common challenge in dialogue between expert providers and novice customers in this context is meaningful sharing of technical information. A successful exchange requires care in representation, language, attitude, delivery and timing. Furthermore, with communication breakdowns, trust falters, and business relationships run the risk of falling apart. Rather than relying on simple transactional exchanges of information in service, a customer’s journey could be enriched by framing service touchpoints as individual opportunities for learning. Learning activities occur in everyday life via interactions with society, artifacts or programs, and often involve the pursuit of knowledge or skills without the structure of a formal curriculum. This study explores how learning might function as a channel for strengthening multi-faceted trust relations in service through integration into programs and artifacts. In this project, an auto repair shop was investigated as a case study in technical service, given its long inglorious history of customer mistrust. Through exploration in the context of a local mechanic shop, prototypes for experiential and transformative service learning were implemented, tested, and re-shaped into a four-part framework designed to improve technical communications

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Winters, James Richard. "Context, cognition and communication in language". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23546.

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Questions pertaining to the unique structure and organisation of language have a long history in the field of linguistics. In recent years, researchers have explored cultural evolutionary explanations, showing how language structure emerges from weak biases amplified over repeated patterns of learning and use. One outstanding issue in these frameworks is accounting for the role of context. In particular, many linguistic phenomena are said to to be context-dependent; interpretation does not take place in a void, and requires enrichment from the current state of the conversation, the physical situation, and common knowledge about the world. Modelling the relationship between language structure and context is therefore crucial for developing a cultural evolutionary approach to language. One approach is to use statistical analyses to investigate large-scale, cross-cultural datasets. However, due to the inherent limitations of statistical analyses, especially with regards to the inadequacy of these methods to test hypotheses about causal relationships, I argue that experiments are better suited to address questions pertaining to language structure and context. From here, I present a series of artificial language experiments, with the central aim being to test how manipulations to context influence the structure and organisation of language. Experiment 1 builds upon previous work in iterated learning and communication games through demonstrating that the emergence of optimal communication systems is contingent on the contexts in which languages are learned and used. The results show that language systems gradually evolve to only encode information that is informative for conveying the intended meaning of the speaker - resulting in markedly different systems of communication. Whereas Experiment 1 focused on how context influences the emergence of structure, Experiments 2 and 3 investigate under what circumstances do manipulations to context result in the loss of structure. While the results are inconclusive across these two experiments, there is tentative evidence that manipulations to context can disrupt structure, but only when interacting with other factors. Lastly, Experiment 4 investigates whether the degree of signal autonomy (the capacity for a signal to be interpreted without recourse to contextual information) is shaped by manipulations to contextual predictability: the extent to which a speaker can estimate and exploit contextual information a hearer uses in interpreting an utterance. When the context is predictable, speakers organise languages to be less autonomous (more context-dependent) through combining linguistic signals with contextual information to reduce effort in production and minimise uncertainty in comprehension. By decreasing contextual predictability, speakers increasingly rely on strategies that promote more autonomous signals, as these signals depend less on contextual information to discriminate between possible meanings. Overall, these experiments provide proof-of-concept for investigating the relationship between language structure and context, showing that the organisational principles underpinning language are the result of competing pressures from context, cognition, and communication.

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Waechter, Susanne Franziska. "Contextual advertising in online communication: An investigation of relationships between multiple content types on a webpage". AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/912.

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As part of the promotional mix, advertising plays a significant role in a company’s or organisation’s communication with its consumers and stakeholders. In order to inform consumers about their products or services, marketers apply a variety of advertising strategies. One particular strategy is “contextual advertising”, which refers to the strategic placement of advertisements in an editorial environment whose theme is relevant for the promoted product or service (Belch & Belch, 2009, p. 492). Also in advertising research, contextual advertising received a considerable amount of attention. Scholars have investigated the effectiveness of contextual advertising in online and offline media. Researchers as well as practitioners have particularly focused on content-based relationships between advertisements and the theme of the editorial environment in which the advertisement is placed. With a focus on online media, the present study aimed to investigate this content-based relationship but also to examine what other types of relationships between the different contents on a webpage the user constructs. Advertising has also been investigated in the area of semiotics. Several scholars analysed advertisements in order to reveal their meaning-affordances. A second interest in the present study derives from semiotic studies and theories, which emphasise the individual’s significance in the meaning-making process but also exclude the individual from their analysis. A potential contradiction could be seen here and by investigating how users interpret a particular webpage, this study aimed to examine what insights an analysis can provide that is solely focused on the webpage user. In order to capture users’ interpretations of a webpage’s contents and to investigate what types of relationships between these contents users construct semi-structured interviews with six participants were conducted. The participants were invited to look at a webpage from the website www.healthyfood.co.nz. Following the interviews, the participants’ responses were transcribed, categorised and analysed. Findings from the study revealed that several participants constructed relationships between advertisements and the editorial content based on content-similarity but also on design-similarity as well as their personal knowledge about sponsorship relationships and income-investment relationships. Personal knowledge also appeared to be important for the interpretation of the webpage. The participants’ interpretation of the webpage were also guided by their personal interest in the contents, their individual contexts like socio-cultural background, experiences and beliefs as well as environmental factors such as time and the layout of the interview location. The results of the study support the significant role of the individual in the process of meaning making and further contribute to an extended understanding of contextual advertising. Practical suggestions for the advertising area and future research were also identified.

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Sardar, Shakir. "Organizational communication and employee’s deviant behavior : exploring underlying mechanisms and contextual factors in the Pakistani manufacturing industry". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221212_SARDAR_607baico621z811audm684al_TH.pdf.

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Les chercheurs en communication reconnaissent la nécessité d'élargir et d’approfondir les connaissances dans ce domaine, particulièrement dans les organisations. Une question reste d'actualité : comment la communication organisationnelle impacte-t-elle les attitudes et comportements de travail des salariés ? En plus de cette communication organisationnelle, les chercheurs ont peu exploré les mécanismes sous-jacents et les facteurs contextuels qui pourraient conduire à des comportements déviants. Cette thèse vise à répondre à ces questions. Elle comporte une étude qualitative et une étude quantitative d'employés travaillant dans les industries manufacturières du Pakistan. Pour ce faire, nous avons conclu notre recherche en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, nous avons interrogé des professionnels travaillant dans les industries manufacturières pour comprendre à quel point la communication est essentielle et affecte le comportement au travail des employés. Nous avons réussi à développer une base solide selon laquelle la communication organisationnelle a trois dimensions, à savoir l'adéquation de la communication, le canal de communication et la relation de communication, qui influencent à leur tour l'attitude au travail de l'employé, et plus particulièrement l'engagement et l'identification avec l'organisation. Cette relation est influencée par la culture d’un environnement de travail favorable au sein de l'organisation. S'il y a un déséquilibre dans ces relations, cela peut créer une attitude de travail hostile parmi les employés. Dans une deuxième étape, et dans le but de généraliser nos résultats issus de l’étude qualitative, nous avons développé un modèle de recherche
Communication researchers increasingly recognize the need to expand the field of organizational communication. One question is still valid: how does organizational communication impact employees' working attitudes and behavior? In addition to that organizational communication, researchers have neglected the underlying mechanism and contextual factors that might lead to one’s deviant behavior. This dissertation aims to answer these questions with qualitative and quantitative studies of employees working in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan. To do so, we have concluded our research in two parts. First, we interviewed professionals working in manufacturing industries to understand how much communication is essential and affects employees' working behavior. We succeeded in developing a strong ground that organizational communication has three dimensions, i.e., Adequacy of communication, communication channel, and communication relationship, which are responsible for influencing the employee’s working attitude, i.e., commitment and identification with the organization. This relationship can be supported moderately by the supportive work environment culture in the organization. If there is a misbalance in these relationships, it can create a hostile working attitude among employees. In the second stage, to generalize our qualitative findings, we have developed a hypothesized research model to test the relationship between organizational communication and employees’ deviant behavior by mediating the role of organizational commitment and organizational identification. We have also tested the moderating role of a supportive work environment in the relationship between

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Vardi, Iris. "Tertiary student writing, change and feedback : a negotiation of form, content and contextual demands". University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0047.

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This study aimed to examine the relationship between teacher written feedback and change in the writing of tertiary students in their final year of undergraduate study through investigating: (i) the characteristics of final year undergraduate tertiary students’ texts prior to receiving feedback; (ii) the way these characteristics change after written feedback is given; and (iii) the relationship between the changes made and the types of feedback given. The study examined student texts and teacher written feedback that arose naturally out of a third year disciplinary-based unit in which the students each submitted a text three times over the course of a semester, each time receiving feedback and a mark prior to rewriting and resubmitting. Two in-depth non-quantitative analyses were conducted: one analysing the characteristics of each of the students’ texts and how these changed over the course of the process, the other analysing the relationship between the different types of feedback and the changes that occurred in the subsequent text. The analysis of the students’ texts and their changes covered: (i) coherence; (ii) the sources used and the manner in which these were cited and referenced; (iii) academic expression and mechanics; and (iv) additional expectations and requirements of the writing task. These characteristics and their changes were related to the instructional approaches to which all the students had been exposed in their first, second and third year studies. The analysis shows that, on their own accord, the third year students were able to produce a range of generalisable characteristics reflecting the “basics” in writing and demands specific to the tertiary context that had been revealed through the instructional approaches used. The problems in the students’ texts were mainly related to (i) executing and expressing the specific requirements of the task and (ii) their reading of the social context. Most of the changes in the texts were related to the feedback given. Some of these changes directly resolved problems, however, others did not. Some changes occurred to accommodate other changes in the text and some were made to satisfy a demand of the lecturer sometimes resulting in a problem that did not present in the previous text. These findings enabled insights to be drawn on two major views of tertiary student writing: the deficit view in which the problems in student’s texts are seen to be due to a lack of “basic skills”; and the view that students’ problems arise due to the new demands of the tertiary context. The study found that the deficit view and the “new demands” view were unable to explain all the characteristics of the students’ texts and their changes. Arising out of these findings, this study proposes that the characteristics of a student’s text show the end result of how that student negotiated and integrated his/her understanding of form, content and contextual demands at the time of writing. In analysing the relationship between the different types of feedback and the changes that occurred, the feedback was categorised according to the issue that was being addressed, the manner in which it was given, and its scope. The different types of feedback were directly related to the changes that occurred in the students’ subsequent rewrites. The analysis shows that clear direct feedback on which students can act is strongly related to change where it (i) addresses characteristics that could be readily integrated into the existing text without the need to renegotiate the integration of form, content and contextual demands OR (ii) addresses characteristics and indicates to students how to negotiate the integration between form, content and contextual demands where integration in the text needs to change. In addition, the analysis shows that change is further influenced by the balance between the various individual points of feedback and the degree to which they reinforced each other. The findings from both analyses in this study show that the use of feedback that is strongly related to change can improve the writing of all students beyond what they learn through other instructional approaches to writing.

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Meise, Nicole L. "Re-conceptualizing communication about condom use : a contextual approach to understanding safer sex attitudes & behaviours". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275416.

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Edwards, Tim. "The Influence of Personal, Relational, and Contextual Factors on Forgiveness Communication Following Transgressions in Romantic Relationships". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1430661105.

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Tolleson, Thomas D. (Thomas Dale). "The Impact of Contextual Variables on Internal Auditors' Propensity to Communicate Upwardly". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279252/.

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The author examined whether contextual variables impact internal auditors' self-assessed likelihood of whistleblowing. The author synthesized a theoretical framework and developed research hypotheses that predict relationships between the self-assessed likelihood of whistleblowing and (1) magnitude of the consequences (2) channels of communication and (3) type of wrongdoing. To test these hypotheses, the author provided internal auditors (n=123) with a scenario and asked them to self-assess the likelihood of reporting evidence of a malfacation to their internal audit director even though their audit manager told them to ignore the wrongdoing.

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Reis, Mariza de Fátima. "Competência contextual e processo de legendação de filmes". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5094.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariza de Fatima Reis.pdf: 708776 bytes, checksum: 00cfc3f7f6a1f629e6759304a9e5b9e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-23
This work is the result of a research about text translation theories established by linguistics and pragmatics, which charge the translator the reach of the original meaning even at a different time of its original context. The meaning is related to the translator process as a result of the perception he has about the extra-linguistics signs out of its authorship context. Once the study about this distance in time has no theoretical bases in pragmatic linguistic, it still demands the translator the ability to contextualize the original. To investigate the matters about free and literal translation procedures it was adopted sign, communication and contextualization linguistic concepts developed by Saussure, Jakobson and Parret respectively. The issues about the discussion between knowledgement theory and meaning validation related to the Linguistic Turn in Language philosophy , are based on speech acts concept developed by Ordinary language philosophy (Austin) under the perspective of language games developed by Wittgenstein (Investigations). Finally the practice and theory are investigated through Percian semiotic approach, re-read by Santaella and Colapietro on the matter of sign perception. They are applied in subtitling products of a scene in Forrest Gump translated both in Brazil and in Portugal. As a result it comes a new concept of literalism to the original meaning as long as the perception of the translator privileges the extra-linguistic signs that follow the audiovisual in real time, approach that facilitates the audience reception of the translation. Allowing the addition of contextual competence concept to the critical models of translation studies, the nature of this cognition suggest the existence of a contextual logic that may be added to the structural, consensual and inferencial logics already established in communicative researches
Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisa sobre os parâmetros de análise de tradução de textos estabelecidos pela lingüística e pela pragmática, as quais cobram do tradutor o alcance da fidelidade ao significado do original. A hipótese norteadora considera o processo tradutório um ato comunicativo de tradução do significado do original atemporal, objeto de pesquisas já desenvolvidas. Esse significado está vinculado ao processo de significação do tradutor, que é resultado da percepção que ele tem dos signos extralingüísticos atemporais, uma vez que a distância entre os contextos de emissão e recepção das mensagens não encontra respaldo teórico na lingüística pragmática e demanda do tradutor a competência necessária para contextualizar o original. Para responder à questão das noções de tradução livre e literal, adotaram-se os conceitos de significado, comunicação e contextualização lingüística desenvolvidos por Saussure, Jakobson e Parret, respectivamente. As questões decorrentes dessa discussão sobre teoria do conhecimento e validação de sentido e significado, pertinentes à virada lingüística na filosofia, estão compreendidas nos conceitos de atos de fala da Filosofia da linguagem ordinária de Austin, sob a perspectiva dos jogos de linguagem de Wittgenstein, em Investigações. Ao fim, a teoria e a prática de tradução são analisadas à luz da teoria semiótica peirciana, revisitada por Santaella e Colapietro (percepção do signo) e aplicadas à análise dos corpus das legendas de uma cena do filme Forrest Gump , traduzida no Brasil e em Portugal. Nelas, um novo conceito de literalidade ao significado do original é alcançado na medida em que o juízo perceptivo do tradutor anula-se a fim de facilitar o acompanhamento to texto audiovisual pelo receptor final. Ao permitir o desenvolvimento da competência contextual para modelos de crítica de tradução, a natureza dessa cognição sugere que a lógica contextual possa complementar a rede de significações das lógicas estrutural, consensual e inferencial para estudos de comunicação

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Horner, Lewis R. "Communication and consumer confidence the roles of mass media, interpersonal communication, and local context /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1229213595.

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Ramirez-Andreotta, Monica, Julia Brody, Nathan Lothrop, Miranda Loh, Paloma Beamer i Phil Brown. "Improving Environmental Health Literacy and Justice through Environmental Exposure Results Communication". MDPI AG, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621420.

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Understanding the short-and long-term impacts of a biomonitoring and exposure project and reporting personal results back to study participants is critical for guiding future efforts, especially in the context of environmental justice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate learning outcomes from environmental communication efforts and whether environmental health literacy goals were met in an environmental justice community. We conducted 14 interviews with parents who had participated in the University of Arizona's Metals Exposure Study in Homes and analyzed their responses using NVivo, a qualitative data management and analysis program. Key findings were that participants used the data to cope with their challenging circumstances, the majority of participants described changing their families' household behaviors, and participants reported specific interventions to reduce family exposures. The strength of this study is that it provides insight into what people learn and gain from such results communication efforts, what participants want to know, and what type of additional information participants need to advance their environmental health literacy. This information can help improve future report back efforts and advance environmental health and justice.

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Haller, Jeffrey. "The image of the unseen God contextual relevance in the visual portrayal of Christ /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Rawson, David A. ""Guardians of their own liberty": A contextual history of print culture in Virginia society, 1750 to 1820". W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720311.

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This study examines the socioeconomic and sociocultural contexts of printing and reading in Virginia between 1750 and 1820. By scrutinizing the surviving business records from this period's book and printing trades, and by correlating them to the extant public record, the social locus of particular types of imprints and of their audience was revealed. The result of this analysis is an understanding that colonial-era markets depended upon the elite, who embraced the standard works of classical education and English rationalism upon which the American Revolution was based philosophically. However, the post-Revolutionary expansion of print markets increasingly depended on the middling orders, whose reading tastes and interests diverged markedly from their elite contemporaries. Those new markets for print were filled largely by publishers outside Virginia, who produced their imprints in large quantities that allowed for the sale of small numbers of their products in a large number of places, forestalling local competition in Virginia. This system replicated and extended the colonial-era book trade, at least in terms of the book trade, which left Virginia's printers at a competitive disadvantage. The state's printers survived by producing materials unavailable in the national book-trade system, materials that fit particular niche markets in the state. The largest of these was the legal-imprint market, dominated by the printers of the state capital, Richmond. Elsewhere, the niche markets for imprints were largely religious in nature, focusing on the activities of local ministers and congregations. This tendency was reflected in the eventual development of denominational presses in the state, institutions that made Virginia a major player in the religious imprint market in antebellum America. Yet this trend would also help to deepen the state's dependency on non-Virginia sources for non- religious imprints. In terms of books, Virginia remained very much a colonial economy.

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Madhi, Kristi. "Impact of QoS and contextual parameters on QoE in a videoconferencing application". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-204918.

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This project will be based in an objective and as well as subjective study related to Quality of Experience in a video conference application, appear.in. Indeed the study puts emphasis on finding possible correlations between Quality of Service parameters, that in the study are represented by some of the most meaningful network parameters, and contextual parameters with Quality of Experience. To achieve this the study was based in two different scenarios using two test environments. One is based on having an all free test and the other conducted in a created test-bad for monitoring and altering network parameters to see how user respond to the changes. Both scenarios were accompanied by a survey that provided useful information about the subjective perception of different individuals that took part in the testing phase.The project is divided in two phases where we set up the required environments for the test and then we process results to find correlation between the above mentioned parameters.In the end of the project all the results and the conclusions are presented providing a clearer view for what was done. The project itself might represent a good foundation to be used in the future for other studies related to video conferencing application.

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Chŏng, Pyŏng-gwan. "That they all may hear : a case for receptor-oriented contextual communication with the younger generation in Korea /". Institute of Christian Culture, 1993. http://library.fuller.edu/library/archives/bookplates/kraft_charles_h.asp.

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Worner, Averil Ann. "Tactile communication across the first year of life - the complexity of naturalistic dyadic patterns and the effects of contextual, age and affectual factors". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5057.

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Early intimate interactions between mothers and their infants are characterised by mutuality and reciprocity. Although a great deal is known about the distal processes such as gaze and affect, by concentrating on touch this research addresses a key aspect of early life interactions that has received far less attention. this research comprises a single major quasi-experimental and observational longitudinal study, exploring the naturalistic interactions between mothers and their full-term infants (n=32). Dyads were videotaped in their own homes at five age points across the first year - 6 weeks, 3,6,9,12 months. A contextual variation was introduced at 6 months by providing a selection of novel toys for the dyads to play with. Each second of a selected 5 minute period of interaction of both free and toy play contexts were coded using a coding schedule for the type of touch, location of touch, intensity of touch, gaze direction and affectual displays. Repeated measures of analyses of variance revealed differences in the duration and locations of touch, and changes in maternal and infant affect and gaze across the first year. Patterns in these non-verbal communicative strategies were shaped by both age and context. Results revealed that overall maternal touch decreased over the first year of life and the mothers used more passive than active forms of touch when interacting with their infants. The duration of gaze at face decreased for mothers and infants over time, while gaze at body and object increased. Infant initiated touch was both low in frequency and duration but showed commonalities across dyads. The results are discussed drawing on insights from ethology, attachment theory, systems theory and the complexity of the multimodal features of interactive exchange. The results underscore the implications for tactile stimulation in early patterns of communication.

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Selleby, Daniel. "Enhancing the person-centered care system through digital communication tools by applying a user-centered approach to a hospital environment". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23450.

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Digital technologies are becoming increasingly common tools in our daily lives. We use it for finding information, but also to communicate with people all over the world. With a vision to strengthen Swedish healthcare's digital resources, Sweden has made major efforts in this area. Improved living conditions have changed the demographic situation as people grow older, which in turn places higher demands on healthcare efficiency. Being able to meet these demands has made digitalization of healthcare increasingly important, but also demonstrating new challenges such as participation, transparency and usability. The purpose of this study has been to investigate if communicative tools can be created to facilitate nurses work with person-centred care and to enhance patients' positive experiences of their own care. The study is based on interviews and observations with nurses working within orthopaedic sections and employees working in facility management as well as administration within the hospital. The results show that digital solutions can be effective tools for enhancing person-centered care, but with automated solutions the physical encounter between nurses and patients can be reduced. The concepts that have been developed are two mobile applications. They were developed with the intention to make it easier for nurses to document and communicate patients' activity and care plans.

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Кошарний, В. В. "Удосконалення міжнародної комунікаційної стратегії ТОВ "Укрнафтозапчастина"". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/71512.

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У роботі досліджено сутність міжнародної комунікаційної стратегії підприємства, моделі та форми комунікацій суб’єктів господарювання на міжнародному ринку. Проаналізовано міжнародну комунікаційну діяльність ТОВ «Укранафтозапчастина». Розроблено рекомендації щодо вдосконалення міжнародної комунікаційної стратегії ТОВ «Укранафтозапчастина».
The essence of the international communication strategy of the enterprise and the model, forms of communications of business entities in the international market are researched in the work. The international communication activity of LLC "Ukrnaftozapchastyna" is analyzed. Recommendations of the improvement of the international communication strategy of LLC "Ukrnaftozapchastyna" are developed.

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Blomkvist, Sebastian, i Erik Lindberg. "Sociala Medier - Jakten på den förlorade intimiteten : En kvalitativ studie om Facebook, Instagram och Snapchat". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208677.

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Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker hur och varför användare av sociala medier sprider sin aktivitet över flera av dessa samtidigt. Fokus låg på de tre sociala medierna Facebook, Instagram och Snapchat. Studien genomfördes genom att hålla parintervjuer med användare av dessa medier för att sedan applicera det erhållna resultatet på ramverket kontextuell integritet. Resultatet av studien är intressant för de företag som utvecklar och använder sig av sociala medier och även för framtida forskning inom ämnet. Vår studie visade en skillnad i delandet av information över de tre sociala medierna. Den främsta orsaken till skillnaden identifierades som storleken på kontaktnäten hos medierna, och dess inverkan på vad som upplevdes vara ett intrång i den personliga integriteten när information delades. Förutom den ökade visibiliteten som kommer med ett större kontaktnät hade det även inverkan på den underliggande aktiviteten på mediet vilket kan ses som en orsak till ett minskande av aktivt användande. De slutsatser som drogs kring framtiden var att sociala medier, både dagens och framtida, måste ge användarna ett alternativ att dela in sitt kontaktnät i grupper. Alternativt att de sociala medierna själva måste bli nischade för en specifik del av användarnas kontaktnät. Detta kommer tillåta användarna att dela accepterbar information i lämpliga kanaler.
This qualitative study examines how and why users of social media distribute their activity over several of these at the sametime. Focus was on the three social media sites of Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat. The study was carried through bykeeping paired interviews with users of these sites and then applying the results on the framework of contextual integrity .The result of the study is interesting both for companies developing and using social media sites, as well as for futureresearch in the field. The results showed a difference in the sharing of information across the three different sites. The foremost cause to thedifference was identified to be the size of the social networks on the sites, and the influence this had on what was perceivedas an intrusion in the privacy of the user when the information was shared. Aside from the increased visibility that comeswith a larger social network, it also affected the underlying activity of the social medium. Which can be seen as a reason fora decreasing active use. The conclusions about the future were that social media, today and in the future, have to give theusers an alternative to separate their social network on the sites into separate groups. Alternatively that the social media sitesthemselves has to become niched for a specific part of a user's social network. This will allow the users to share acceptableinformation in suitable channels.

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Le, Lan Phuong. "Aligning specialist English language curriculum in higher education with development imperatives and workplace communication needs in Vietnam : a case study of the Vietnamese petroleum industry". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103848/1/Lan%20Phuong_Le_Thesis.pdf.

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The research investigated the alignment between English language communication in multinational joint ventures in the petroleum industry in Vietnam and a university-based English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course for petroleum engineering students. The study identified the types of knowledge necessary for professional workplace communication and the extent to which these knowledge types are currently taught in the university course. The study found levels of misalignment between the two especially in the contextual knowledge needed by petroleum engineers to communicate competently and appropriately in the workplace. Contextually-appropriate communication requires knowledge of participants, the organisation and social norms of interaction. The findings will improve recognition of the features of successful workplace communication and contribute to innovations in ESP course design and teaching.

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Lindholm, Sebastian. "Facebook as a tool to integrate : A qualitative- and quantitative historically contextual analysis of the use of Facebook among international students at Stockholm University in 2011 – and how they use it 10 years later in 2021". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194049.

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This research study investigates if and how international students in Stockholm, Sweden use Facebook as a tool to make friends and integrate themselves within their new society. To gather information and data for the first part in 2011 a qualitative- and a quantitative approach was used. An online survey was applied to gather numerical data and in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative insights. Ten years later, in 2021, follow-up interviews were done with the interviewee subjects of the qualitative data gathering. This to contextualize the findings from 2011, as well as put in perspective with scholarly insights about Facebook and international students presented between the years 2011 and 2021. During the first part of the study, in 2011, Facebook had been available outside the United States for five years and not a significant amount of research had been conducted on the subject. Findings indicated that international students in Stockholm used Facebook to a wider extent when having arrived in a new country. Additional findings showcased that Facebook usage increased in terms of using the site to retrieve information about events and activities. Findings from both 2011 and 2021 showcased that Facebook and other social media applications are mainly used as means to maintain existing relationships, not to search for new friends. Findings also indicated that messenger services have obtained user patterns that originally existed on traditional social networks, such as Facebook. More research must be done on the topic to state whether these findings hold any statistical truthfulness. Suggested topics for further research are included in the conclusions and discussion section of this paper.

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Lima, Alice de Moura. "Production and perception of acoustic signals in captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) : contextual use of social signals and recognition of artificial labels". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B048/document.

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Les études de bioacoustique animale, qui reposent traditionnellement sur des modèles primates non humains et oiseaux chanteurs, convergent vers l'idée que la vie sociale serait la principale force motrice de l'évolution de la complexité de la communication. La comparaison avec les cétacés est également particulièrement intéressante d'un point de vue évolutif. Ce sont des mammifères qui forment des liens sociaux complexes, ont des capacités de plasticité acoustique, mais qui ont dû s'adapter à la vie marine, faisant de l'habitat une autre force de sélection déterminante. Leur habitat naturel impose des contraintes sur la production sonore, l'utilisation et la perception des signaux acoustiques, mais, de la même manière, limite les observations éthologiques. Etudier les cétacés captifs devient alors une source importante de connaissances sur ces animaux. Au-delà de l'analyse des structures acoustiques, l'étude des contextes sociaux dans lesquels les différentes vocalisations sont utilisées est essentielle à la compréhension de la communication vocale. Par rapport aux primates et aux oiseaux, la fonction sociale des signaux acoustiques des dauphins reste largement méconnue. En outre, les adaptations morpho-anatomiques de l’appareil vocal et auditif des cétacés à une vie sous-marine sont uniques dans le règne animal. Leur capacité à percevoir les sons produits dans l'air reste controversée en raison du manque de démonstrations expérimentales. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient, d'une part, d'explorer l'utilisation contextuelle spontanée des signaux acoustiques dans un groupe captif de dauphins et, d'autre part, de tester expérimentalement les capacités à percevoir les sons sous l’eau comme dans l’air. Notre première étude observationnelle décrit la vie quotidienne de dauphins en captivité et montre que les signaux vocaux reflètent, à grande échelle, la répartition temporelle des activités sociales et non sociales dans un établissement sous contrôle humain. Notre deuxième étude met l'accent sur le contexte d’émission des trois principales catégories acoustiques précédemment identifiées dans le répertoire vocal des dauphins, à savoir les sifflements, les sons pulsés et les séries de clics. Nous avons trouvé des associations préférentielles entre chaque catégorie vocale et certains types d'interactions sociales ainsi que des combinaisons sonores non aléatoires et également dépendantes du contexte. Notre troisième étude a testé expérimentalement, dans des conditions standardisées, la réponse des dauphins à des « labels » acoustiques individuels donnés par l’homme et diffusés dans l’eau et dans l’air. Nous avons constaté que les dauphins peuvent reconnaître et réagir uniquement à leur propre « label » sonore, même lorsqu'il est diffusé dans l’air. En plus de confirmer l'audition aérienne, ces résultats soutiennent l’idée que les dauphins possèdent une notion d'identité. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse suggèrent que certains signaux sociaux dans le répertoire des dauphins peuvent être utilisés pour communiquer des informations spécifiques sur les contextes comportementaux des individus impliqués et que les individus sont capables de généraliser leur concept d'identité à des signaux générés par l'homme
Studies on animal bioacoustics, traditionally relying on non-human primate and songbird models, converge towards the idea that social life appears as the main driving force behind the evolution of complex communication. Comparisons with cetaceans is also particularly interesting from an evolutionary point of view. They are indeed mammals forming complex social bonds, with abilities in acoustic plasticity, but that had to adapt to marine life, making habitat another determining selection force. Their natural habitat constrains sound production, usage and perception but, in the same way, constrains ethological observations making studies of captive cetaceans an important source of knowledge on these animals. Beyond the analysis of acoustic structures, the study of the social contexts in which the different vocalizations are used is essential to the understanding of vocal communication. Compared to primates and birds, the social function of dolphins’ acoustic signals remains largely misunderstood. Moreover, the way cetaceans’ vocal apparatus and auditory system adapted morphoanatomically to an underwater life is unique in the animal kingdom. But their ability to perceive sounds produced in the air remains controversial due to the lack of experimental demonstrations. The objectives of this thesis were, on the one hand, to explore the spontaneous contextual usage of acoustic signals in a captive group of bottlenose dolphins and, on the other hand, to test experimentally underwater and aerial abilities in auditory perception. Our first observational study describes the daily life of our dolphins in captivity, and shows that vocal signalling reflects, at a large scale, the temporal distribution of social and non-social activities in a facility under human control. Our second observational study focuses on the immediate context of emission of the three main acoustic categories previously identified in the dolphins’ vocal repertoire, i.e. whistles, burst-pulses and click trains. We found preferential associations between each vocal category and specific types of social interactions and identified context-dependent patterns of sound combinations. Our third study experimentally tested, under standardized conditions, the response of dolphins to human-made individual sound labels broadcast under and above water. We found that dolphins were able to recognize and to react only to their own label, even when broadcast in the air. Apart from confirming aerial hearing, these findings go in line with studies supporting that dolphins possess a concept of identity. Overall, the results obtained during this thesis suggest that some social signals in the dolphin repertoire can be used to communicate specific information about the behavioural contexts of the individuals involved and that individuals are able to generalize their concept of identity for human-generated signals

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Weman, Sarah Jane, i Linus Klingzell. "Re-design på uppdrag av Spotify : Framtagning av designförslag för ny visningsvy för internprogram baserat på kontextuella intervjuer". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19097.

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Spotify is a music service that offers on-demand streaming and is available in several countries worldwide. As the company and the interest for it grows, more and more parties are involved and those involved, including the record labels want to control and get an overview of their products. They want to be able to see, for example, when a product is available on Spotify and in which countries. Spotify is in May 2013 in process of developing a to be used by administrators on Spotify in order to meet the record labels with the information requested. The new software intends being used by administrators but also by the record labels so that they will be able to overview their products availability. We were asked by one of the developers to conduct user interviews and tests to result in a design proposal on how the display page of information about a product could be visualized more clearly so that it suits both record labels and employees at Spotify. The results of our contextual interviews were translated into a prototype with two display pages. One of them in list format to satisfy administrators and their work and a the other one in shape of a map primarily intended to accommodate the record labels. We made use of contextual design and its working models and interviewing techniques and worked iteratively with several prototype testing.

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Тесленко, Л. А. "Сутність та види рекламних технологій в мережі інтернет". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64971.

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З кожним роком в Україні все більше розвиваються Інтернет-комунікації, адже кожна компанія вважає за потрібне бути присутньою в мережі Інтернет. За допомогою Інтернет-технологій можна впливати на поведінку людини, стиль життя. Інтернет дозволяє створювати комунікації, які дозволяють просувати свої товари, послуги, ідеї. Інтернет-комунікації використовують всі компанії світу, що об’єднує їх на Інтернет майданчику і сприяє створенню ефективних контактів зі споживачами.

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Hoffman, Lindsay Helene. "Public opinion in context a multilevel model of media effects on perceptions of public opinion and political behavior /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186670126.

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Goffin, Pascal. "An Exploration of Word-Scale Visualizations for Text Documents". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS256/document.

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Ma dissertation explore comment l'intégration de petites visualisations contextuelles basées sur des données peut complémenter des documents écrits. Plus spécifiquement, j'identifie et je définis des aspects importants et des directions de recherches pertinentes pour l'intégration de petites visualisations contextuelles basées sur des données textuelles. Cette intégration devra finalement devenir aussi fluide qu'écrire et aussi utile que lire un texte. Je définis les visualisations-mots (Word-Scale Visualizations) comme étant de petites visualisations contextuelles basées sur des données intégrées au texte de documents. Ces visualisations peuvent utiliser de multiples codages visuels incluant les cartes géographiques, les heatmaps, les graphes circulaires, et des visualisations plus complexes. Les visualisations-mots offrent une grande variété de dimensions toujours proches de l’échelle d’un mot, parfois plus grandes, mais toujours plus petites qu’une phrase ou un paragraphe. Les visualisations-mots peuvent venir en aide et être utilisées dans plusieurs formes de discours écrits tels les manuels, les notes, les billets de blogs, les rapports, les histoires, ou même les poèmes. En tant que complément visuel de textes, les visualisations-mots peuvent être utilisées pour accentuer certains éléments d'un document (comme un mot ou une phrase), ou pour apporter de l'information additionnelle. Par exemple, un petit diagramme de l'évolution du cours de l’action d’une entreprise peut être intégré à côté du nom de celle-ci pour apporter de l'information additionnelle sur la tendance passée du cours de l'action. Dans un autre exemple, des statistiques de jeux peuvent être incluses à côté du nom d'équipe de football ou de joueur dans les articles concernant le championnat d'Europe de football. Ces visualisations-mots peuvent notamment aider le lecteur à faire des comparaisons entre le nombre de passes des équipes et des joueurs. Le bénéfice majeur des visualisations-mots réside dans le fait que le lecteur peut rester concentré sur le texte, vu que les visualisations sont dans le texte et non à côté.Dans ma thèse j’apporte les contributions suivantes : j'explore pourquoi les visualisation-mots peuvent être utiles et comment promouvoir leur création. J’étudie différentes options de placement pour les visualisations-mots et je quantifie leurs effets sur la disposition du texte et sa mise en forme. Comme les visualisations-mots ont aussi des implications sur le comportement de lecture du lecteur, je propose une première étude qui étudie les différents placements de visualisations-mots sur le comportement de lecture. J'examine aussi comment combiner les visualisations-mots et l'interaction pour soutenir une lecture plus active en proposant des méthodes de collection, d’arrangement et de comparaison de visualisations-mots. Finalement, je propose des considérations de design pour la conception et la création de visualisations-mots et je conclus avec des exemples d'application.En résumé cette dissertation contribue à la compréhension de petites visualisations contextuelles basées sur des données intégrées dans le texte et à leur utilité pour la visualisation d'informations
This dissertation explores how embedding small data-driven contextual visualizations can complement text documents. More specifically, I identify and define important aspects and relevant research directions for the integration of small data-driven contextual visualizations into text. This integration should eventually become as fluid as writing and as usable as reading a text. I define word-scale visualisations as small data-driven contextual visualizations embedded in text documents. These visualizations can use various visual encodings including geographical maps, heat maps, pie charts, and more complex visualizations. They can appear at a range of word scales, including sizes larger than a letter, but smaller than a sentence or paragraph. Word-scale visualisations can help support and be used in many forms of written discourse such as text books, notes, blog posts, reports, stories, or poems. As graphical supplements to text, word-scale visualisations can be used to emphasize certain elements of a document (e.g. a word or a sentence), or to provide additional information. For example, a small stock chart can be embedded next to the name of a company to provide additional information about the past trends of its stocks. In another example, game statistics can be embedded next to the names of soccer teams or players in daily reports from the UEFA European Championship. These word-scale visualisations can then for example allow readers to make comparison between number of passes of teams and players. The main benefit of word-scale visualisations is that the reader can remain focused on the text as the visualization are within the text rather than alongside it.In the thesis, I make the following main contributions: I explore why word-scale visualisations can be useful and how to support their creation. I investigate placement options to embed word-scale visualisations and quantify their effects on the layout and flow of the text. As word-scale visualisations also have implications on the reader's reading behavior I propose a first study that investigates different word-scale visualisation positions on the reading behavior. I also explore how word-scale visualisations can be combined with interaction to support a more active reading by proposing interaction methods to collect, arrange and compare word-scale visualisations. Finally, I propose design considerations for the authoring of word-scale visualisations and conclude with application examples.In summary, this dissertation contributes to the understanding of small data-driven contextual visualizations embedded into text and their value for Information Visualization

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Gaudin, Claire. "Activités collectives : étude intégrative de l’interaction de facteurs contextuels et individuels". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0070.

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L’objectif de ces recherches était de mettre en relation des facteurs contextuels, individuels et communicationnels au cours d’une activité collective et d’étudier leur effet sur les performances et la charge de travail d’un collectif lors de tâches collaboratives. Une première étude se focalisait sur la mise en relation de la mesure de la charge de travail de manière collective et de la structure temporelle des communications au sein du collectif. Une seconde étude avait pour objectif d’étudier l’interaction du contexte, du mode de communication, de la charge de travail et de la personnalité sur les performances. Un premier axe de traitement des données a permis de modéliser les interactions de ces différents facteurs et leurs effets sur la performance. Le modèle obtenu prédisait un effet du mode de communication, du contexte, de l’estimation de la charge de travail et de certains traits de personnalité sur les performances. Le second axe de traitement des données avait pour objectif d’étudier la relation entre la structure de la personnalité des participants et le niveau de charge de travail. Les analyses statistiques ont permis de mettre en évidence que les personnes confrontées à une tâche collaborative qui étaient à la fois aimables et consciencieuses estimaient une charge de travail plus faible que les autres. Enfin, le dernier axe de traitement des données a permis de confirmer les liens entre la structure temporelle des communications et le niveau de charge de travail estimé collectivement. La troisième étude a apporté à cette recherche un volet plus appliqué, en testant des recommandations basées sur les résultats des deux premières études
The aim of this thesis was to link individual, contextual and communicational factors during a group activity and to study theirs effects on collective performances and workload during collaborative task. Our first study focused on linking workload measurement in a group context and the temporal structure of communication within the group. The aim of the second study was to examine the interaction between context, communication modes, workload and personality on performances. A first analysis of the collected data allowed us to model the interactions between these factors and their effects on performances. The resulting model predicted effects of the communication mode, the context, the workload estimation as well as personality on performances. The second axis of the data analysis aimed to study the relationship between the structure of the participant’s personality and the workload level. Statistical analysis highlighted that those who are categorised as friendly and conscientious personalities, when in a group task context estimated the level of workload weaker in comparison with other. The last axis confirmed the links between the temporal structure of communication and the workload level within a group. Finally, the third study provided a applied component to this basic research by testing the recommendations based on our previous studies. The results indicated that the addition of precise instruction and specific tools to realize the task supported the development of structured operating strategies the participants to develop structured operational strategies improving collective performances

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Karthik, Sriranjani [Verfasser]. "The role of social contextual factors in instrumental and communicative action understanding in infancy / Sriranjani Karthik". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1229625550/34.

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Ali, Hena. "Graphic communication design practice for sustainable social advocacy in Pakistan : co-developing contextually responsive communication design (GCD) methodologies in culturally diverse contexts". Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/8747/.

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Communication design, as a significant tool for sustainable social advocacy, is still under-explored both academically and within creative practices worldwide. In a developing country like Pakistan, the role of social advocacy as an effective tool for social change is ambiguous. This practice-led research aims to redress this imbalance by exploring the development of graphic communication design approaches (GCDs) for social advocacy, in response to a low Pakistani literacy context. The investigation presents a contextually responsive GCD model for design development (Fig3a: 13), as a critical design framework, for synthesising graphic languages in Pakistan. This is presented as an alternative non-traditional communication approach, in response to contextual constraints (socio- cultural, literacy levels and/or available resources) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The practice asserts contextually driven communication design approaches for sustainability, and it also contests the effectiveness of universal design approaches in culturally diverse contexts. Using a case study approach, a semiotic analysis of three forms of Pakistani graphic media, namely Lollywood billboards, Pakistani truck art and political campaign posters, is undertaken. As a mapping stage, this explores the development of vernacular communication systems and visual codes to advance effective graphic languages in Pakistan, while a simultaneous review of the literature and practice supports the case studies. However, the analysis relies primarily on a pilot study, contextual interviews and collaborative design projects, with Pakistani truck and billboard artists, to identify critical graphic frameworks operative in the Pakistani visual context. This leads ultimately to the final participatory design-led synthesis stage, which co-designs social advocacy interventions in the low- income community of Dhok Chaudrian, Rawalpindi. The interventions address the major issue of open garbage dumps, and the co-design approach highlights the significance of communication design practice evolving as a sustainable social engagement tool in response to a specific issue in a specific context. This thesis is organised in four major sections. Chapter One introduces the research aims, structure and organisation of the thesis. Chapter Two reviews the context and identifies gaps in graphic communication design theory and practice in a social context, before it grounds the research in the Pakistani context. Chapter Three maps the Pakistani visual vernacular through a case study analysis, a pilot study and three collaborative design projects in the cities of Lahore and Rawalpindi. This establishes critical communication design frameworks as a rhetorical design framework (pg. 88) and contextual GCD principles (pg.77) in Pakistan, which are then tested in the proceeding final synthesis stage. Chapter Four entails the design synthesis, which involves testing and evaluating previously developed critical frameworks through co-design sessions in the Dhok Chaudrian community, Rawalpindi. This chapter focuses specifically on community participation as a tool to inform the development of effective graphic languages for design sustainability. Co-design sessions, as an interaction prototype, are evaluated for short-term impacts in terms of engagement, with custom- designed communication tools for a low-literacy target audience. As for resources, this research draws on contextual interviews, collaborative design projects, contextual observations and design evaluations, all of which are supported by published material. The research-led design process is systematically documented as design taxonomy, to be valued as a transferable model of communication design practice. Organisations, artists and designers, with similar research or practical ambitions, can take away the underpinning principles from this research practice and locate them within their own respective practices.

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Borders-Simmons, Denise G. "Contextual variability and communicative competence : reference and cohesion strategies in narrative discourse by Black working-class children /". Access Digital Full Text version, 1985. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10604078.

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Rockley, Danielle N. I. "Contextually driven messages about gender : an ethnographic study on messages concerning traditional gender behaviors within work, education, romantic relationships, friendships, and exercise". Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/823.

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This thesis focuses on messages concerning gender that are communicated within contemporary U.S. society. Research consisted of twelve ethnographic interviews with students between the ages of nineteen and twenty-seven from the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California. Society is ever changing and individuals learn rules and either comply, resist or try to change traditional gender behaviors. The social contexts in which an interaction takes places are where many messages concerning gender behavior are communicated. The five areas that this study researched include: work, education, romantic relationships, friendships, and exercise/sports. Work and education are contexts in which progress has occurred; women have the freedom to apply to jobs and schools of their choice. However, some jobs and majors are still male-dominated (i.e. math, science, and engineering majors). There was the most compliance with traditional gender behaviors in romantic relationships, friendships, and in exercise/sports.

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Nishino, Takako. "Communicative Language Teaching in Japanese High Schools: Teachers' Beliefs and Classroom Practices". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/54812.

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CITE/Language Arts
Ed.D.
This study was an investigation of Japanese high school teachers' (N=139) beliefs and practices regarding communicative language teaching (CLT). Four research questions were posited concerning the beliefs that Japanese high school teachers hold regarding CLT, how Japanese high school teachers use CLT in the classroom, how Japanese teachers' beliefs and practices differ between academic and vocational high schools, and how the beliefs of Japanese high school teachers, their classroom practices, their learning experience, pre- and in-service training, perceived teaching efficacy, and contextual factors relate to and influence each other regarding the use of CLT. In order to provide answers to these questions, a survey, classroom observations, and interviews were conducted. Before conducting the quantitative analyses, the questionnaire data were analyzed using the Rasch rating-scale model to confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and to transform the raw scores into equal interval measures. Regarding the first and second research questions, the descriptive statistics showed that despite holding positive beliefs about CLT, the respondents to the survey did not frequently use communicative activities. With respect to the third research question, a MANOVA indicated that the types of schools (academic and vocational) did not significantly influence the survey respondents' beliefs and practices regarding CLT. Concerning the fourth research question, the Pearson correlation coefficients showed relatively strong correlations between (a) Classroom Practices and Student-related Communicative Conditions (r = .56) and (b) L2 Self-confidence and CLT Self-efficacy (r = .55). Also, the best fitting path model indicated that (a) Student-related Communicative Conditions impacted Classroom Practices, (b) Positive CLT Beliefs indirectly influenced Classroom Practices via CLT Self-efficacy, and (c) Exam-related Expectations affected most of the indicator variables and Classroom Practices. Related to this, qualitative results indicated that the respondents' learning experience, in-service training, and contextual factors influenced their beliefs and practices.
Temple University--Theses

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Rademan, Janet Ellen. "The identification of contextually relevant health and well-being information needs for the youth through human-centered co-design". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2409.

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Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
Available health and well-being information is limited in communities with insufficient health care resources. This affects the community negatively on multiple levels in which the health and well-being needs of individuals are not satisfied. This research project explored the impact of human centred co-design, using tools such as health and well-being needs questionnaires including a health needs assessment as well as a quality of life scale. The aim was making accurate health and well-being information more accessible to the youth. The target group was Durbanville youth aged between 14 and 18 years. The sample included different ages ( = 15), races (79% White, 21% Coloured) and near equal gender distribution (55% female, 45% male). The sample (N = 33) was comprised of three groups: Group A, B, and C. A Human-Centered Design (HCD) framework was used during the project referring to the following three steps: Hear, Create, and Deliver. During the Hear phase, stories and inspiration from the participants were gathered. Group A (n = 10) completed a health and well-being information needs questionnaire. Group B (n = 15) discussed the topic, and created affinity diagrams. This was how the health and well-being status and information needs were established. During the Create phase; frameworks, opportunities, solutions, and prototypes were developed by the participants. Group B co-designed the concept prototype: a possible mobile application solution for practical access to health and well-being information. Group C (n = 8) provided feedback and input on the concept prototype and created storyboards to visually display scenarios in which they would use the mobile application. This step produced a youth-friendly health and well-being information service concept prototype. During the Deliver phase, the relevant health and well-being information solution was established as a youth-friendly health and well-being mobile application: WeHelp. Also, group A, B, and C were introduced to a similar existing resource named MobieG. Thus, the present study contributed directly to the participants’ health and well-being awareness. The research provided significant health and well-being insights. For example, the youth of Durbanville revealed extremely low scores on the emotional well-being domain. The data collected makes it possible for future researchers to create a practical, youth-friendly, health and well-being information service.

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Alkadri, Mohamed Yaser. "Freeway Control Via Ramp Metering: Development of a Basic Building Block for an On-Ramp, Discrete, Stochastic, Mesoscopic, Simulation Model within a Contextual Systems Approach". PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1308.

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One of the most effective measures of congestion control on freeways has been ramp metering, where vehicle entry to the freeway is regulated by traffic signals (meters). Meters are run with calibrated influx rates to prevent highway saturation. However, recent observations of some metering sites in San Diego, CA indicate that metering, during peak hour demand, is helping freeway flow while sometimes creating considerable traffic back-ups on local streets, transferring congestion problems from the freeway to intersections. Metering problems stem largely from the difficulty of designing an integrated, dynamic metering scheme that responds not only to changing freeway conditions but also to fluctuating demand throughout the ramp network; a scheme whose objective is to maintain adequate freeway throughput as well as minimize disproportionate ramp delays and queue overspills onto surface streets. Simulation modeling is a versatile, convenient, relatively inexpensive and safe systems analysis tool for evaluating alternative strategies to achieve the above objective. The objective of this research was to establish a basic building block for a discrete system simulation model, ONRAMP, based on a stochastic, mesoscopic, queueing approach. ONRAMP is for modeling entrance ramp geometry, vehicular generation, platooning and arrivals, queueing activities, meters and metering rates. The architecture of ONRAMP's molecular unit is designed in a fashion so that it can be, with some model calibration, duplicated for a number of ramps and, if necessary, integrated into some other larger freeway network models. SLAM.II simulation language is used for computer implementation. ONRAMP has been developed and partly validated using data from eight ramps at Interstate-B in San Diego. From a systems perspective, simulation will be short-sided and problem analysis is incomplete unless the other non-technical metering problems are explored and considered. These problems include the impacts of signalizing entrance ramps on the vitality of adjacent intersections, land use and development, "fair" geographic distribution of meters and metering rates throughout the freeway corridor, public acceptance and enforcement, and the role and influence of organizations in charge of decision making in this regard. Therefore, an outline of a contextual systems approach for problem analysis is suggested. Benefits and problems of freeway control via ramp metering, both operational short-term and strategic long-term, are discussed in two dimensions: global (freeway) and local (intersection). The results of a pilot study which includes interviews with field experts and law enforcement officials and a small motorist survey are presented.

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Stratulat, Sorin. "Preuves par récurrence avec ensembles couvrants contextuels : applications à la vérification de logiciels de télécommunications". Nancy 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001304.

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Le processus de certification de logiciels est dans la plupart des cas une tâche laborieuse et coûteuse qui nécessite aussi bien des méthodes mathématiques, pour exprimer sans ambiguïté et de façon structurée le comportement attendu du logiciel, que des outils automatiques pour vérifier ses propriétés. Parmi les techniques de preuve, la récurrence est parfaitement adaptée pour raisonner sur des structures de données infinies, comme les entiers et les listes, ou des systèmes paramétrés. Cette thèse comprend deux parties, l'une théorique, l'autre applicative. La première partie est centrée autour d'un nouveau concept, l'ensemble couvrant contextuel (ECC). Le principe de preuve par récurrence avec ECC est exprimé par un système d'inférence abstrait qui introduit des conditions suffisantes pour son application correcte. La conception modulaire de règles d'inférence concrètes est un avantage de cette approche. Comme étude de cas, nous spécifions le système d'inférence du démonstrateur SPIKE en tant qu'instance de ce système. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons tout d'abord le problème d'interactions de services téléphoniques. Nous proposons une méthodologie pour les détecter et les résoudre, reposant sur des techniques basées sur la réécriture conditionnelle et la récurrence. Dans une autre application, nous obtenons, à l'aide du démonstrateur PYS, la première preuve formelle de l'équivalence entre deux algorithmes de conformité du protocole ABR. Puis, nous utilisons SPIKE pour vérifier complètement automatiquement la majorité des 80 lemmes de cette preuve
The software certification process is in most of the cases a laborious and costly task that needs not only mathematical methods to express clearly and in a structured manner the software's expected behavior but also automatic tools to prove sorne of its properties. Among the proof techniques, induction is well-suited to reason on infinite data structures, like integers and lists, or parameterized systems. This thesis contains a theoretical and an applicative part. The first one is centered around the new concept of contextual cover set (CCS). The principle of induction with cess is reftected by an abstract inference system introducing sufficient conditions for its sound usage. The modular design of concrete inference rules is an advantage of this approach. As a case study, we specify the SPIKE prover as an instance of this system. In the second part, we first analyze the feature interaction problem in telecommunications. We propose a methodology for their detection and resolution by using techniques based on conditional rewriting and induction. In another application, we obtain the first formaI proof of a generic incremental ABR conformance algorithm, by using the PYS prover. Then, we use SPIKE to verify completely automatically the most of the 80 user-defined lemmas

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Riesbeck, Eva. "Interaktion och problemlösning : att kommunicera om och med matematik". Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Utbildningsvetenskap, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112121.

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The present study shows how students, eleven years old, solve problems in mathematics when they work together in groups. The main question raised is about the difficulties students experience in finding the relationship between mathematics and everyday discourse and vice versa. Two empirical studies about students' problemsolving in mathematics divided into three different articles are presented in this study. One is about how students discuss, while they are trying to solve what the area of the triangle is. The other study is about how different solutions in problemsolving have various meanings. The main finding ofthis work concems communication. Depending on the social contexts, different kinds oflanguages are developed in. When children are in their everyday contexts, they use one kind oflanguage, that is they use everyday concepts. In school, children have to leam the language ofmathematics. Leaming mathematics is about getting students to use the language of mathematics to mediate events and phenomens in the world around. One can describe learning as assimilating communicative and technical tools. Which are used as mediating tools in social practices. Another main finding of this study is to show how a teacher can get students attentive to how to change between different types of discourse and how to use special conc~pts for a special context. The most important aspect is that a teacher has pedagogical conversations with students on how to move between different communicative contexts. Often, students have difficulties in understanding in which communicative context they are involved.

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Conradie, Pieter Jacobus. "Knowledge management as a sustainable competitive advantage in the steel industry / Pieter Conradie". Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4806.

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The aim of this study is to conduct a thorough theoretical study on the relevant aspects involved in knowledge management and organisational learning, and to assess the maturity level of knowledge management within the South African steel industry. Various aspects of knowledge, knowledge management and organisational learning with specific relation to sustainable competitive advantage are discussed in the literature study. During the literature research several factors which either promote or hinder the effective management of knowledge were identified and a list of lessons learned by other successful knowledge focused companies, are discussed. The critical success factors for a successful knowledge management program are also discussed. Knowledge can create a sustainable competitive advantage within an organisation, if successfully applied to make value adding decisions and to enable learning, and if it is applied to make decisions which are superior to that of its rivals across the supply chain. An integrated approach needs to be followed when KM is pursued and the knowledge must be applied to make value added decisions and facilitate learning across all processes in the value chain. The focus must be to retain an organisation’s tacit knowledge as this is a key success factor to ensure a sustainable competitive advantage. The study includes research on whether knowledge management is effectively used as a sustainable competitive advantage in the South African steel industry. The maturity level of the application of knowledge and learning principles implemented within the South African steel industry is assessed and compared to the maturity level of ArcelorMittal, Monlevade, located in Brazil. A survey was designed and distributed to determine the knowledge management and organisational learning maturity levels at two steel facilities of ArcelorMittal in South Africa and one facility in Brazil. The key problem areas as identified through the empirical research are discussed and it is concluded that South African facilities do not effectively use knowledge management as a sustainable competitive advantage. The maturity level of knowledge management in ArcelorMittal, South Africa is low compared to the maturity at Monlevade and rival companies such as Tata and Posco steel. A significant effort needs to be made in order to allow the effective creation, acquisition, sharing and leveraging of knowledge within the South African steel facilities. The key factors which constrain effective knowledge management is related to ineffective Human Resource policies, organisation structure, lack of knowledge exchange forums, collaboration and communication, coaching, and a lack of incentives to share tacit knowledge. It is also evident that knowledge is not seen as a sustainable competitive advantage by many respondents and that they perceive they do not have the time or capacity to transfer knowledge. Ten practical design principles were constructed and a knowledge management framework was developed to guide South African steel companies during the design and execution of a knowledge management programme which will ensure that knowledge management will result into a sustainable competitive advantage.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Vinyets, Rejon Joan. "El producte com a fenòmen de comunicació social". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7528.

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El propòsit d'aquesta tesi es fonamenta en demostrar que el producte és un mitjà de comunicació social del que les persones es serveixen comunicativament -en funció del seu caràcter simbòlic- que permet a l'ésser humà interactuar amb el seu món social, cultural i personal. Aquest treball explica el paper que els productes juguen com a mitjans de comunicació social. La tesi parteix del fet que les pràctiques socials produeixen significat i sentit en la cultura material, partint de la proposició pragmàtica de que cada interpretació necessitat un determinat context que aporti significat i sentit als productes. Mitjançant la definició d'un model d'anàlisi "pragmàtico-etnogràfic" i la seva aplicació al estudi del producte telèfon mòbil, aquest treball mostra com per comprendre el significat d'un producte, cal valorar les pràctiques i accions socials que els signifiquen: posar l'atenció en l'anàlisi de la significació generada per les relacions establertes pel binomi producte i usuari.
The intention of this thesis is to demonstrate that the product is a medium of social communications which people use to communicate -as a function of its symbolic character- which allows human interaction between social, cultural and personal realms. The thesis explains the role that products play in social communication. The thesis shows the fact that social practices provide meaning and sense in the materialistic culture, from the pragmatic proposition that each interpretation needs a certain context which contributes significance and sense to the products. By means of the definition of the analytical model "pragmatic-ethnography" and its application to the study of the mobile telephone, this work confirms that in order to realize the significance of a product one has to evaluate the actions and social practices in which they matter: put the attention of the analysis to the significance generated by the relations established by the binominal product and user.

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Ben, Mosbah Aziza. "Context-aware mechanisms for device discovery optimization". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0018.

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La recherche dans les réseaux de communication cherche à améliorer la capacité et les performances des technologies de réseaux tout en satisfaisant à la fois la demande croissante d’instantanéité des accès et des échanges d’information. Par exemple, les travaux sur les systèmes sans-fil de cinquième génération (5G) visent à augmenter le débit de données et l’efficacité spectrale mais aussi à réduire la latence et la consommation d’énergie. Dans ce contexte, la mise en réseau basée sur la proximité est envisagée afin d’améliorer l’échange d’information entre périphériques proches, même dans le cas où aucune infrastructure n’est disponible. Une composante essentielle de ces solutions est la capacité de rapidement détecter (ou découvrir) les autres systèmes à proximité. Bien que l’utilisation de la découverte des systèmes et de services ne soit pas à proprement parler une nouveauté dans les réseaux, son adoption dans les réseaux sans-fil a augmenté l’importance et la pertinence de ce type de mécanismes. Par conséquence, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’optimiser les performances du processus de découverte en utilisant des mécanismes contextuels. Dans un premier temps, nous commençons par une description préliminaire des défis auxquels sont confrontés les utilisateurs du réseau et comment les solutions actuelles (c’est-à-dire Long Term Evolution (LTE)) ne peuvent pas couvrir leurs besoins. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons l’architecture utilisée pour évaluer nos propositions: l’architecture appareil-à-appareil (D2D) qui est définie par le programme de partenariat de troisième génération (3GPP) pour être utilisée dans les réseaux LTE. Nous mettrons tout particulièrement l’accent sur la description du processus de découverte tel qu’il est défini dans les spécifications. Finalement, nous présentons une étude analytique, avec un modèle de mise en oeuvre pour tester et valider les performances de la découverte directe. En utilisant cette analyse, nous proposons un algorithme de transmission adaptatif qui optimise le processus de découverte pour les topologies statiques. Cette contribution sert de base à des algorithmes étendus et améliorés ciblant premièrement des scénarios où la disponibilité de données historiques permet de prédire les fluctuations de la densité des utilisateurs, et deuxièmement des situations entièrement dynamiques sans infrastructure ou support externe, montrant comment les mécanismes contextuels peuvent fournir des performances presque optimales. Toutes ces contributions et ces analyses sont supportées et validées par des modèles de simulation et des expériences qui montrent l’importance et l’exactitude de nos propositions dans l’optimisation de la performance et de la fiabilité dans le cadre de la découverte directe
Research in communication networks aims to improve the capabilities and performance of network technologies, and to satisfy the ever increasing demand for instant information access and exchange. For example, work on Fifth Generation (5G) Wireless Systems aims to increase data rates and spectral efficiency while lowering latency and energy consumption. Within this context, proximity-based networking is being considered in order to improve the data sharing between nearby devices, regardless of the availability of additional infrastructure. An integral component of these solutions is the ability to quickly detect (or discover) other systems in the vicinity. While system and service discovery has been a concept used in networks for some time, its adoption by wireless networks has increased the importance and relevance of this type of mechanisms. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to optimize the performance of the discovery process by using context-aware mechanisms. First, we start by an introductory description of the challenges faced by network users and how current solutions (i.e. Long Term Evolution (LTE)) are unable to cover their needs. Second, we present the architecture we will use to evaluate our proposals, namely the device-to-device (D2D) architecture defined by the Third-Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) for use in LTE networks, with an emphasis on the description of the discovery process as defined in the standard specifications. Then, we present an analytical study, along with an implementation model to test and validate the performance of direct discovery. Building upon that analysis, we propose an adaptive transmission algorithm that optimizes the discovery process for static topologies. This contribution is used as the foundation for extended and enhanced algorithms targeting scenarios where the availability of historic data allows for predicting user density fluctuations, and fully dynamic situations without external infrastructure or support, showing how context-aware mechanisms can provide almost optimal performance. All these contributions and analysis are supported and validated by simulation models and experiments that showcase the importance and correctness of our proposals in the optimization of the performance and reliability in D2D direct discovery

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Ben, Mosbah Aziza. "Context-aware mechanisms for device discovery optimization". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0018/document.

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La recherche dans les réseaux de communication cherche à améliorer la capacité et les performances des technologies de réseaux tout en satisfaisant à la fois la demande croissante d’instantanéité des accès et des échanges d’information. Par exemple, les travaux sur les systèmes sans-fil de cinquième génération (5G) visent à augmenter le débit de données et l’efficacité spectrale mais aussi à réduire la latence et la consommation d’énergie. Dans ce contexte, la mise en réseau basée sur la proximité est envisagée afin d’améliorer l’échange d’information entre périphériques proches, même dans le cas où aucune infrastructure n’est disponible. Une composante essentielle de ces solutions est la capacité de rapidement détecter (ou découvrir) les autres systèmes à proximité. Bien que l’utilisation de la découverte des systèmes et de services ne soit pas à proprement parler une nouveauté dans les réseaux, son adoption dans les réseaux sans-fil a augmenté l’importance et la pertinence de ce type de mécanismes. Par conséquence, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’optimiser les performances du processus de découverte en utilisant des mécanismes contextuels. Dans un premier temps, nous commençons par une description préliminaire des défis auxquels sont confrontés les utilisateurs du réseau et comment les solutions actuelles (c’est-à-dire Long Term Evolution (LTE)) ne peuvent pas couvrir leurs besoins. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons l’architecture utilisée pour évaluer nos propositions: l’architecture appareil-à-appareil (D2D) qui est définie par le programme de partenariat de troisième génération (3GPP) pour être utilisée dans les réseaux LTE. Nous mettrons tout particulièrement l’accent sur la description du processus de découverte tel qu’il est défini dans les spécifications. Finalement, nous présentons une étude analytique, avec un modèle de mise en oeuvre pour tester et valider les performances de la découverte directe. En utilisant cette analyse, nous proposons un algorithme de transmission adaptatif qui optimise le processus de découverte pour les topologies statiques. Cette contribution sert de base à des algorithmes étendus et améliorés ciblant premièrement des scénarios où la disponibilité de données historiques permet de prédire les fluctuations de la densité des utilisateurs, et deuxièmement des situations entièrement dynamiques sans infrastructure ou support externe, montrant comment les mécanismes contextuels peuvent fournir des performances presque optimales. Toutes ces contributions et ces analyses sont supportées et validées par des modèles de simulation et des expériences qui montrent l’importance et l’exactitude de nos propositions dans l’optimisation de la performance et de la fiabilité dans le cadre de la découverte directe
Research in communication networks aims to improve the capabilities and performance of network technologies, and to satisfy the ever increasing demand for instant information access and exchange. For example, work on Fifth Generation (5G) Wireless Systems aims to increase data rates and spectral efficiency while lowering latency and energy consumption. Within this context, proximity-based networking is being considered in order to improve the data sharing between nearby devices, regardless of the availability of additional infrastructure. An integral component of these solutions is the ability to quickly detect (or discover) other systems in the vicinity. While system and service discovery has been a concept used in networks for some time, its adoption by wireless networks has increased the importance and relevance of this type of mechanisms. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to optimize the performance of the discovery process by using context-aware mechanisms. First, we start by an introductory description of the challenges faced by network users and how current solutions (i.e. Long Term Evolution (LTE)) are unable to cover their needs. Second, we present the architecture we will use to evaluate our proposals, namely the device-to-device (D2D) architecture defined by the Third-Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) for use in LTE networks, with an emphasis on the description of the discovery process as defined in the standard specifications. Then, we present an analytical study, along with an implementation model to test and validate the performance of direct discovery. Building upon that analysis, we propose an adaptive transmission algorithm that optimizes the discovery process for static topologies. This contribution is used as the foundation for extended and enhanced algorithms targeting scenarios where the availability of historic data allows for predicting user density fluctuations, and fully dynamic situations without external infrastructure or support, showing how context-aware mechanisms can provide almost optimal performance. All these contributions and analysis are supported and validated by simulation models and experiments that showcase the importance and correctness of our proposals in the optimization of the performance and reliability in D2D direct discovery

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