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Chartier, Sophie. "Les contentieux commerciaux Communautés européennes - Etats-Unis". Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe impact of the trade dispute of the united states and the european community has continously increased since the beginning of the nineteen-eighties. An economic factor has to be considered as a primary cause of this dispute. The crisis in the nineteen-seventies followed by an international recession and, in comparaison with other countries, the rapid recovery of the u. S. A. Led to an important deficit, that, according to american producers, justified the protectionnist measures. These protectionnist measures in the u. S. A. As well as in the e. E. C. Represent the second factor at the origin of their dispute. And finally, the conflicts of the e. E. C. And the united states in relation with the gatt agreements are a third original factor. The disputes appear under different forms, reach several fields but have as a whole a similar starting and evolution. Some disputes, as those concerning the iron and steel industry, the chemical products, the agricultural sector, the fiscal measures. . . Are strictly bilateral. Some others involve third countries. This is the case for the dispute about the e. E. C. Mediterranean policy of citrus fruit, the embargo on the materials for the transiberian gas-pipeline and the battle over the subsidies for agricultural products to conquer third markets. A last form of dispute consists in the questionning of the accession of a third country in the e. E. C. And the application of art. 24 g 6 of the gatt agreements. The disputes of the united states and the e. E. C. As a whole, focus an agriculture and the frequently expressed reproach about export subsidies
Davila, Valdiviezo Charlotte. "Les stratégies contentieuses en matière civile et commerciale : étude à partir du Règlement Bruxelles I bis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO30032.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile the term "strategy" is rarely associated with the legal field, strategies aimed at leveraging the law to one's advantage have always existed. To shed light on this phenomenon, this thesis focuses specifically on litigation strategies that revolve around a trial as a central point.The starting assumption was the paramount importance of understanding the rules and the framework to effectively navigate towards an advantageous outcome. Rules here are broadly defined to include the legal rules of the member states and the Union, the case law of their courts, and the entire economic, political, social, and cultural context surrounding the parties and their dispute.Strategic litigation practice in the European area then warranted a detailed review of the various actors involved in the strategy (parties, national judges, European judges), as well as the history and evolution of the European Union and its law.This quest for knowledge of the rules also led us to revisit the conceptual framework and concrete achievements concerning jurisdiction in the European Union, highlighting a complex system revolving around the Brussels 1bis Regulation and a Court of Justice of the Union, both an actor and promoter of European integration.However, the development of strategies does not stop at understanding the rules but requires their anticipation and adaptation to changing realities. The choice of court then becomes a strategic maneuver, guided by both objective and subjective criteria.Reviewing European history as well as the trajectory of the strategic actors provides an opportunity to grasp their operating modes and to anticipate their actions within the context of a multicultural Europe, composed of sovereign member states. It will be about predicting legal developments, jurisprudential reversals, advantageous positions, or even actions that are likely to meet the economic or political objectives of the Union, while keeping in mind that judges can always introduce bias into the judgment process. It will also involve understanding the adversary's history in order to estimate their strengths and weaknesses to adjust the strategy accordingly.However, there is no single path to the success of a litigation strategy: the success of a strategy largely depends on the perception of the litigant, their objectives and expectations. The choice of jurisdiction can then be made based on the procedural guarantees offered, the predictability of the decision, or the application of specific rules attached to the forum.The litigation strategy can also involve breaking away from this scheme to seek an alternative resolution through amicable methods or arbitration.While the strategic approach may be tempted to free itself from ethical or moral constraints by using maneuvers that pervert the purpose of the texts, it is essential to remember that a strategy can be both profitable and virtuous. Failing this, national and European judges will play their role as safeguards of the system's integrity
Esnault, Benoît. "La transition du monopole à la concurrence sur les marchés du gaz naturel en Europe : l'importance stratégique du stockage souterrain". Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE014.
Pełny tekst źródłaSautenet, Antoine. "Le partenariat stratégique dans les relations extérieures de l'Union européenne avec les pays émergents d'Asie". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G015.
Pełny tekst źródłaDumont, Sylvie. "Le contentieux agricole Etats-Unis / C. E. E. : la guerre des subventions à l'exportation". Lyon 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO33007.
Pełny tekst źródłaPART I IS DEVOTED TO A PRESENTATION OF THE ASPECTS OF THE USA E. E. C AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES WAR SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTIES: - THE CONFRONTION ON THIRD EXPORT MARKETS PROVOKED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF SURPLUS (WHEAT, DAIRY PRODUCTS, SUGAR, POULTRY MEAT) GENERATED BY THE AGRICULTURAL PRICE AND INCOME SUPPORT POLICIES AT A TIME OF DESCREASING WORLD FOOD DEMAND (CHAPTER I); - THE DISPUTE ABOUT GATT (GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE) RULES GOVERNING AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES, AN INADEQUATE SET OF PROVISIONS WHICH COULD NOT ENABLE GATT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES TO SELTLE E. E. C DISPUTES with RESPECT TO EEC EXPORT REFUNDS TO WHEAT FLOUR AND PASTA (CHAPTER II). PART II ENVISAGES THE PROSPECTS OF THE DISPUTE'S FUTURE. IT STARTS WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CHANCES OF A COMPROMISE (CHAPTER I) AND A PRESENTATION OF THE DIFFICULTIES TO COME TO AN ARRAGEMENT, ESSENTIALLY DUE TO THE POLITICAL POWER OF THE FARM LOBBIES IN BOTH COUNTRIES AND THE DIVERGENCES OF VIEW BETWEEN THE USA AND THE E. E. C WITH RESPECT TO INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE. THIS CHAPTER ALSO EXAMINES THE FACTORS STIMULATING THE SEARCH FOR A COMPROMISE. CHAPTER II STATES THE ATTEMPT OF REACHING A COMPROMISE DURING THE GATT MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, THE URUGUAY ROUND, AND AFTER THE FAILURE OF THE BRUSSELS MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE IN DECEMBRE 1990. ENVISAGES THE POSSIBLE RESULTS OF THESE NEGOTIATIONS
Bouillot, Christophe. "Le centre des intérêts principaux à l'épreuve du groupe transnational de sociétés : réflexions à partir du règlement 1346/2000 relatif aux procédures d'insolvabilité". Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_bouillot_c.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe world is changing and "modernitiy" requires the jurist to understand foreign legal systems. Consolidation of the European union and globalization are shaking national certainties and modifying the economic geography of the European Union. In this context, economic crisis drew my attention especially in view of current economic events marked by bankruptcy proceedings (Swissair, Metaleurop. . ). The challenges of European insolvency law are examined. Indeed, the construction of an efficient single market requires community action facilitating coordination and harmonization of the European bankruptcy laws. The debates surrounding Regulation 1346/2000 on insolvency proceedings, the UNICITRAL Model law on cross-border insolvency, the rules of private international law and comparative law constitute an important basis for our scientific study. Globalization of the economy requires mechanisms for dealing with cases when a group of companies operates in several States. Nowadays, European Community regulation on insolvency proceedings is confronted with the present situation which transcends borders. The contrary constitutes an obstacle to the setting up of an effective law while this mode of company management developed over the last thirty years in Europe. Article 3§1 of the EU insolvency regulation states that a member state has jurisdiction to open insolvency proceedings where the debtor has its main center of main interest. Nevertheless, there is no rule for groups of affiliated companies. So, the purpose of European insolvency proceedings is discussed. For this reason, the debate explores insolvency of a group of companies within European Union
Xynopoulos, Georges. "Le contrôle de proportionnalité dans le contentieux de la constitutionnalité et de la légalité en France, en Allemagne et en Angleterre". Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020041.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe judicial control of proportionality in constitutional and administrative law in france, germany and england appears, due to historical reasons, to be very different. However, a more careful scrutiny reveals its common nature, resulting grom the necessity to find an answer to similar questions
Madeira, Ramitos Celia. "Le processus psycho-cognitif de décision : le partenariat européen entre PME". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Madeira_Ramitos.Celia.LMZ9912_1.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main question of this study is : which psycho-cognitif process influence of the PME's leader decision to invest on the entreprises partnership, based on other european countries. The considered variables in the study of this sort of question are in one hand, the individual characteristics of those enterprises. That search is connected both to the organizational behaviour domain, in terms of interfirms relations and the decision process that leads the enterprises to developp by external grouth or in partnership. It evolves two main parts : one theoretical that delineates the theoretical slate on the subject ; and the other essentialy empiric and exploratory, that describes and analyses the decision systems of partnership of the participant PME to the Europartnership in Clermont in october 1997 and in Europartnership in Lisbon in november 1995. The study aims the validation of a search instrument measure the entrepreneurial orientation of cooperative decision in PME leaders
Quentel, Vincent. "Les implications des contentieux OMC agroalimentaires pour la Communauté européenne". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10006.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the creation of wto, the Common agricultural policy (CAP) and the international legal framework applicable to the trade of the agrifood products deeply evolved. The disputes settled on the matter by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) presents from now involvements which largely exceed the framework of those that the reports of the GATT panels could cover. The litigations in which the European Community was involved since 1995 are illustrations. They highlighted certain imbalances of the european agrifood model, shared between the respect of the guiding principles of WTO and the use for its derogatory provisions. Following the complaints launched against the Community, the model in question must adapt, but frequently with the concern of reconciling the requirement of the implementation of DSU's recommendations with the will to preserve the communautary interests. This exercise put in particular forward the difficulties related concomitantly on the combining of the CAP with the other communautary policies and to the compliance with the multilateral rules. These two requirements are not contradictory. Their realization takes part in the new objective of the communautary authorities : the recognition of the european agrifood model at the international level
Thieffry, Alison. "L'Union européenne, un nouvel acteur arctique? Stratégie, intérêts et défis émergents". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26926.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent decades, the Arctic has been the center of many scientific, media, politic studies and debates. With the ice melting, new economic and maritime perspectives emerge, mainly in the sector of navigation and exploitation of natural resources, bringing the arctic states and many other countries around the world to make it a priority in their external actions agenda. The interest of the international community has materialized mainly from the 1990s - including the creation of the Arctic Council in 1996, which includes Russia, Canada, the United States, Iceland, Norway but also some European countries such as Sweden, Finland and Denmark. However, the European Union has shown a more proactive position since 2008. In recent years, Brussels has mobilized a lot to learn about the area and the number of meetings and conferences on Arctic issues has increased considerably. Within the EU instances, this has resulted in a desire to focus the debate on regional governance toward the Arctic affairs and with pressure coming from the Parliament, manifested especially through various resolutions and a vote in favor of the creation of an Arctic Treaty. Pressure was also issued on the Council side, especially under the Finnish Presidency in 2006 and the Swedish one in 2009. Finally, the publication of the first Communication on a European Arctic policy from the Commission formalized this more determined position on Arctic issues. Furthermore, this research aims to study the evolution and the development of an European Arctic policy and the reasons and interests that underlie it. It will also analyse the main obstacles encountered by the EU in this process and evaluate its relationship with the various Arctic states. Finally, an update of the current situation will be made to understand the various opportunities and challenges it may encounter in this new role as an Arctic player.
Quiniou, Matthieu. "Le contentieux du transfert de connaissances dans les relations entre l'Union européenne et la Chine". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020049.
Pełny tekst źródłaFacing the evolution of international trade and the development of intellectual proper ty trade between companies from different backgrounds, contractual model readjustments and a reordering of dispute resolution systems seems unavoidable. The unsettled legal status of secret knowledge in China and in the EU can be an obstacle to the formalization of their transfer and therefore inhibits the definition of a suitable framework for resolving disputes. Legislators and scholars are currently debating proposals of laws and directives to elaborate this concept and its regime, but only address issues liketor t and disclosure of secret information. Legal scholarship to date has mainly been focused on the voluntary transfer of knowledge and has taken intoaccount the damage caused to secrets. To meet the needs of business operators, these operations should not be limited to "know-how communication contracts” (contrats de communication de savoir - faire). The concepts of “ intellectual good” and " intellectual ownership" theoretically justifyother types of contracts, while Chinese and European laws refer to assignment and license of trade secret . These operations, often provided for in a complexs et of contracts between parties from different cultural backgrounds, can lead to a wide variety of disputes. When disputes occur, national courts do not always provide a level of protect ion of confidential information that meets parties’ expectations. Differences in procedural cultures as well as the Chinese culture of amicable dispute settlement prevent the parties from relying on national courts. The combinations between mediation and arbitration, by their procedural flexibility, can provide a suitable dispute resolution framework taking into account economic and cultural considerations. Therefore, this thesis proposes M² arb Rules that introduce a mediator-expert with a mission of securing knowledge confidentiality during the dispute resolution process
Talbi, Nora. "Le contentieux résultant de l’Europe bleue dans le domaine de la pêche : application des règlements et contradictions". Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT4006.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfter long compoundings, e. E. C. Establish on january 25th, 1983 a fishing common policy. The dispositions of the new fishing regulation unify the fishing regime applicable on the whole states members and fill up the legal void, formerly felt in this sector. However, some imperfections, increased by widening on south of e. E. C. Are remaining. Does "l'europe bleue" reach now at it's maturity?
Rigamonti, Éric. "De la coalition stratégique : les firmes énergétiques européennes face aux incertitudes réglementaires". Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10070.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis explains the part of uncertainty in the formation of strategic alliances and brings to light the impact of such alliances on the competitive dynamics of a sector. The model suggested is validated through a study of the strategy of the European energy firms during the 1993-2004 period
Saissi, Olivier. "L'adaptation stratégique de l'organisation dans un contexte de déréglementation : le cas des grandes compagnies aériennes européennes". Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0038.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe european sky deregulation involves an airliners univers upheatval. The first part uses strategic diagnostic tools to show different strength which influence airliners strategiers. The second part is shared on two points: the first one shows new strategic policies between passengers - airliners and suppliers - airliners. The second one illustrates one way to succes in new policies a new organization build and some stretgical alliances
Cassia, Paul. "L'accès des personnes physiques et morales au juge de la légalité des actes communautaires". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010338.
Pełny tekst źródłaJehan, Aude. "Europe de la culture et Europe politique : analyse géopolitique de la culture en tant que facteur stratégique selon une perspective transatlantique". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0170.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the last three decades, the realm of culture has acquired unprecedented importance in interpreting the nature of International Relations in scholarly as well as popular writings. However, factors involving culture that inevitably shaped international relations have yet to find their due space within the body of effective European policies and Diplomacy. One of the main challenges today for international relations is to formulate the new targets and tools aimed at societies and generations, which are far more diversified and culturally different. Therefore, the content and means of delivery of Soft Power require a different attitude, a mindset of sophistication in a vastly different culturally and geographically diverse environment. My hypothesis is cultural factor might contribute to that necessary change. The main goal of this research is to determine what the EU presently understands as constituting culture and the role it is given in its policies, specifically in foreign affairs. Deprived of a real recognition, culture has been nevertheless of utmost importance in this field. Arguing that culture has been used and abused as a political tool, my goal, therefore, is to paint a picture that reflects the European Union's conception of culture through its external action policies. The objective here is, first and foremost, to use culture as an analytic concept and demonstrate how policy discourse mobilizes it for political and economic means. Drawing upon case studies, EU policies analysis and a series of interviews of practitioners, experts and policy-makers (based on the Delphi method -modified), this qualitative research aims to analyze the links between cultural and social well-being governance, immigration policies and security, rule of law, and economic development, as well as explore the relationship between accepting differences, reconciliation, social well-being and the making of a European citizenship
Favret, Jean-Marc. "Les influences réciproques du droit communautaire et du droit national dans le contentieux de la responsabilité publique extracontractuelle". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010278.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarthe, Denis. "La situation de l'entreprise victime d'une pratique anticoncurrentielle dans les contentieux objectifs communautaire [sic] et français". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010301.
Pełny tekst źródłaWithin the framework of the enforcement of the law governing uncompetitive practices, bringing an action before the commission and the competition council offers the undertaking that has been a victim of such practices a potential source of redress, thanks to the powers of investigation and sanction given to these authorities. However, only if the undertaking is granted the necessary procedural rights to obtain a satisfactory decision can this action be truly efficient. A comparative analysis of community and french regulations shows that, despite the rights enjoyed by the victim, at no time can this undertaking guide the procedure towards a favourable outcome or even play a determining role in the decision-making process. It has no real control over either the beginning or the course of the legal proceedings ; any direct intervention on its part has little or no influence over the recourse to investigative powers or sanctions in its favour. Consequently, justification of the preference of undertakings for action before the competition authorithies within the framework of free competition rule enforcement appears far too uncertain to be well-founded. It would seem that the only way to protect the interests of the victim is to develop and encourage recourse to civil action ?
Delicostopoulos, Constantin S. "L'encadrement processuel des autorités de marché en droits français et comunautaire : contribution à l'étude du contentieux de la concurrence et de la Bourse". Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020125.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Rayes Nagah. "La politique égyptienne entre l'enjeu moyen-oriental et l'ambition méditerranéenne : l'enjeu stratégique de la paix". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010271.
Pełny tekst źródłaMichondard, Eric. "La transition du système stratégique occidental et l'identité européenne de sécurité et de défense : 1990-2000". Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33043.
Pełny tekst źródłaChillaud, Matthieu. "La démarche stratégique des États baltes dans l'architecture européenne de sécurité et de défense : une politique fondée sur une dialectique identitaire et militaire : de la restauration de leur indépendance aux commémorations russes du soixantième anniversaire de la victoire contre l'Allemagne nazie". Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282264.
Pełny tekst źródłaPignarre, Pierre-Emmanuel. "La Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, juridiction constitutionnelle". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the judicial institution that nowadays garners the most attention from scholars. One could even claim that, after the Supreme Court of the United States, it is the most studied judicial organ in the world. This research aims to demonstrate that the CJEU is a constitutional court. First of all, the CJEU enjoys constitutional legitimacy that extends to its Members as well as its procedure. The appointment procedure and the function of the Members of the CJEU shape its subjective constitutional legitimacy. A thorough exploration of the rules of procedure leads to the finding that the process before the Court of Justice of the European Union has the trappings of a constitutional process. The latter give form to the objective constitutional legitimacy of the CJEU.The jurisdiction of the Court of Justice can be qualified as constitutional because it has powers which are traditionally vested in the constitutional judge. The CJEU reviews the conformity of both national and European acts with European Union law lato sensu, which is analogous to the constitutional review exercised by national constitutional courts. Secondly, it scrutinizes the horizontal and vertical distribution of powers, which is a typical attribute of constitutional judges in federal states. Finally, the constitutional similarities can be found in the realm of fundamental rights protection: the judge of the European Union ensures that these rights, of which he/she is the authentic interpreter, are upheld within the legal order
Derrien, Arnaud. "Les juges français de la constitutionnalité, étude sur la construction d'un système contentieux : Conseil constitutionnel, Conseil d'État, Cour de cassation, trois juges pour une norme". Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40056.
Pełny tekst źródłaPayet, Dorothée. "L'entité territoriale infra-étatique dans la jurisprudence de l'Union européenne. La Cour de justice de l'Union européenne face à la dimension régionale et locale des États membres". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0029.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe infra-State body represents a pluriform institutional reality and a fragmented geographical reality of the regional and local dimension in EU Member States. Its European legal status is appeared in large part under jurisdictional impetus. The review of the case law of the Court allows to identify and to characterize this legal status. We note that European legal status of the regional or local authority is ambivalent and hybrid in character because of this specificities of the legal system of the European Union. On the one hand, the regional or local authority is assimilated sometimes to the status of the EU Member States, sometimes to the status of the individuals. That ambivalence in terms of legal status, as a subject to European law, cornes from the specificities of the mission of the Court. The Court must be insuring the primacy of European law into national legal systems and into the legal order of the European Union. On the other hand, the Court should consider the requirements of the regional and local dimension of EU Member State. The infra-State body is as an object to EU regulation. The normative action of the regional or local authority is supervised with a view to european integration, and at the same time, a special normative body for overseas regions has developed. We note that the Court contributes to define the normative corpus applying to the regional and local dimension in EU Member States
Goguel, Amaury. "Ryanair Freakonomics : paradoxes de la politique «low cost» et des aides publiques dans l’aérien ? : L’antitrust dans les « aides d’Etats » aéroportuaires : une politique de la concurrence en guerre contre elle-même ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis highlights the impact of European regulation on airline strategic behaviour, their relationships with airports and the impact of state aid. The purpose is to propose some resulting matrix allowing to better assess the efficiency of the European “low cost” policy, mainly air carriers partnerships with secondary airports and public founds they benefit. It comes to determine limitation or contradictions in the current policy led towards “low cost” airlines. To do that, we use simple models of public policy assessment. The thesis is divided into six chapters; all focus on specific and sometimes counter-intuitive aspects of the EU regulation. This is indeed the case when the impact of a regulation leads to opposite effects compared to the initial wish of the Commission. In the bottom line, we strive to show transversally that the whole strategy of a “low cost” carrier like Ryanair lies in a full exploitation of the “legal context”, hence the major importance of a comprehensive study of those regulations from which Ryanair takes the higher advantage. In a nutshell, there is no bad players, just bad rules
Boulanin, Vincent. "De la défense à la sécurité : aspects économiques et enjeux politiques de la diversification des firmes européennes d’armement dans le domaine de la sécurité". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0161.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation deals with the geopolitical causes, the economic aspects and the political consequences of the diversification of the European arms industry into the realm of security. The objective was to study the so-called “defence-security continuum” at the industry level. The thesis is that arms producers are not only reacting to a growing demand for security goods and services, they actively take part in the definition and implementation of security policies to the extent that they can shape public demand for the latter. The argument is based on an original approach that combines the empiricism of the literature on arms production with the reflexivity of the constructivist literature on security policies in the IR discipline. Section I explains why arms producers had to diversify into the security realm in order to cope with the post-9/11 order. They had to find new growth drivers and they had to reinvent their legitimacy in a context where the landmarks of the defence community were eroding. Section II present empirical evidence on the diversification of the arms industry into the realm of security and analyse to what extent this is a complex phenomenon that cannot be analysed only through the opposition civil/military. Section III consists of two cases studies on border security and cyber-security; both show how arms produced have expanded their influence on the definition and implementation of public security policies
Bridoux, Vincent. "Droit de la commande publique et droit de la concurrence de l'Union européenne : étude sur une dynamique commune". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D073.
Pełny tekst źródłaPublic procurement law and European Union competition law are now two of the main pillars of economic law. Competition law ensures free and undistorted competition in the internal market by protecting it from obstacles from both private and public entities. Public procurement law is intended to regulate a market representing 14% of Europe's gross domestic product.These two subjects are autonomous and seem to ignore each other. However, a careful analysis reveals the existence of actual convergences between them. The proper functioning of the market which purpose is to protect competition by merits, liberties and finaly the well-being of the European Union, is a common dynamic in these two areas. By doing so, both materials contribute to conservation of competitive public order. Their many complementarities, such as the defence of a competitive market structure, economic efficiency and the prevention of anticompetitive behaviour, demonstrate this. The specific objectives of competition law are reflected in public procurement law, while competition law protects the objectives of public procurement law. Similarly, despite several potential areas of confrontation related in particular to the control of State aid, the application of the law of anticompetitive practices against public purchasers or concession authorities, public procurement law and competition law seem systematically to agree on the preservation and development of effective competition. The Altmark case law, or the rigour of the criteria for public-public cooperation, testify to the daily proximity between these two subjects and their ability to enrich each other
Nelzin, de Pizzol Audrey. "Les relations entre l'Union européenne et les organisations d'intégration économique régionale d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes - Quelles mutations ?" Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0495/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 1999, the European Union began a new competitive approach in its relationships with Latin America and the Caribbean. In this respect, the first step has been made in the European Union-Latin America and Caribbean’ Summit [Rio Summit (1999)] with the launch of a new partnership called “Strategic Partnership”. In this context, all organisations of regional economic integration – not only the MERCOSUR the most competitive one – are considered as important partners. The change is due to external constraints as well as an external strategy. In the field of commercial exchanges, the goal is to attempt “mutual liberalisation of exchanges” on a fair and mutually profitable basis, defending at the same time “common values”. However, the traditional legal framework of the relations is obviously unsuitable for such an ambitious economic and political project. So, from a legal aspect, the European Union is confronted with the challenge of reforming the contractual frameworks of its relations with regional economic integrations in Latin America and in the Caribbean. The issue concerns an analysis of the evolution and restructuring of existing legal instruments of the European Union’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean
Desde 1999, la Unión Europea instauró un nuevo enfoque en sus relaciones con América Latina y el Caribe. En este enfoque llamado “estratégico”, todas las organiza-ciones comarcales de integración económicas ubicadas en esta zona geográfica y no úni-camente el MERCOSUR, se pueden ver como interlocutores importantes. La primera cumbre Unión Europea /América latina/Caribe (cumbre de Rio) es una fecha importante en la evolución de las relaciones gracias al lanzamiento “de la colaboración estratégica”. En lo que toca a los intercambios comerciales, la meta declarada es alcanzar una “liberalización mutual de los intercambios” a partir de una base equitativa y mutualmente provechosa de-fendiendo a la vez ciertos valores comunes. Sin embargo, el marco jurídico en vigor durante una larga temporada se ha reve-lado inadecuado para el advenimiento de una ambición económica y política de esta impor-tancia. Por consiguiente, la Unión Europea se enfrenta hoy en día al desafío jurídico de la renovación del marco convencional de sus relaciones con las organizaciones de integración económica de América Latina y del Caribe. El asunto se refiere a un análisis de las rela-ciones exteriores de la Unión Europea desde el punto de vista de los desafíos jurídicos. Utilizamos el análisis sistémico para poner de relieve los factores explicativos de la evolu-ción y de la reestructuración actuales de los instrumentos jurídicos de las relaciones entre la Unión Europea y América-Latina Caribe
Forster, Ninon. "La responsabilité sans faute de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. https://www-stradalex-eu.passerelle.univ-rennes1.fr/fr/se_mono/toc/RESFAUE.
Pełny tekst źródłaOften invoked in actions for damages before the Court of Justice of the European Union to overcome obstacles to the engagement of the European Union's extra-contractual liability, nofault liability is a vague concept whose definition, nature and very existence are contested. However, the study of this concept, based on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, reveals an original Praetorian construction based on the influence of national laws on public liability. Liability without fault has acquired, with the judgments of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, a consistency which makes it appear to be a legal category comprising several liability regimes in which proof of wrongful activity by the institutions of the European Union or its agents is not necessary to engage in non-contractual liability. However, no-fault liability is hardly an effective legal remedy available to individuals because of the judge's reluctance to expressly recognize it as a principle of extra-contractual liability and because of the rigorous interpretation of the conditions of its validity
Brüning-Petit, Laurence. "Le contentieux judiciaire de la contrefaçon de brevet : étude des systèmes juridiques français et allemand sous des aspects de droit communautaire et international". Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_bruning-petit_l.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe efficient court enforcement of patent rights against acts of infringement undoubtedly is a fundamental element of effectively protecting the patentee's monopoly. Despite the efforts to incorporate patent litigation in a European court system, the rather modest solutions proposed hitherto contrast with the high level of harmonisation reached for substantive patent law. For the moment, patent enforcement remains an area which is essentially governed by domestic legislation. Against the background of various harmonisation proposals and initiatives, a comparison between the French and the German systems of enforcing patent rights is of particular interest due to the high number of patent infringement suits and the expertise of the judiciary in these two countries. The main objective of this study is to analyse the advantages and shortcomings of both legal systems having regard to the rules governing court organisation and jurisdiction in patent infringement suits, preliminary measures, evidence, available defences and remedies. It will not least be analysed to what extent fundamental rules of civil and procedural law have an impact on the issues discussed in this study
Chastenet, de Castaing Edouard. "Propositions pour l'amélioration de la pertinence de la méthode des multiples en évaluation d'entreprise". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30006/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research focuses more specifically on the selection criteria to be used to improve the relevance of the multiple-Based valuation method regarding the selection of reference multiples, the selection of comparable companies or the combination of multiples.We confirm that the Enterprise Value multiples based on prospective Ebit and Ebitda (versus actual) are generally the most relevant. In the absence of prospective data, available at the date of valuation, our study shows that Ebitda multiples are generally more relevant.We confirm that the expected growth rates of Ebitda or Ebit are generally relevant performance indicators to identify the most comparable companies among industry-Based peer groups, considering actual Ebitda and Ebit-Based multiples.Our study shows that the combination of Capital employed and Ebit-Based multiples, on the one hand, and of Ebitda and Ebit-Based multiples, on the other hand (based on weighted factors specific to each sector), are likely to improve the relevance of the method, compared to the use of these multiples, alone.The approach implemented in this research may be reproduced by practitioners to identify case by case single and combined multiples that are the most relevant for each industry-Based peer group
Teras, Tarek. "The monetary impact of the interaction between public and private antitrust enforcement". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0620.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to achieve the various objectives of antitrust law, the majority of legal systems use both public and private enforcement. Because of the recent development of private enforcement under the European rules, the interaction between public and private enforcement has become a reality in the European context. More precisely, our study examines two main types of decisions made by antitrust authorities, namely settlements and litigation decisions. A settlement decision, generally speaking, cannot be used to help ensure the success of private action for damages. This is why, in our study, we highlight the possibility of an interaction between public settlement decisions and compensation of victims of anticompetition behaviors. The litigation decisions usually impose monetary sanctions on the infringer of the antitrust law and provide presumptions which are helpful for the claimant in follow-on action for damages before the court. We examine the legal and economic consequences of the interaction between the fines and damages in the antitrust legal area. We underline in more detail that, under the new European and the National rules of member states of the European Union, we will observe an increase in follow-on action. This increase will lead to more interaction between fines and damages. Finding the best means to evaluate this new monetary charge on infringers of antitrust law has become a very important legal and economic question. In this study, we discuss the recent European situation with regards to the monetary impact of the interaction between public and private enforcement in the light of the American experience with the matter
Villemot, Sébastien. "Essays on Modeling the Sovereign Default Risk". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0055.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis contributes to the literature on sovereign debt and default risk, building on theoretical models of strategic default and on more recent developments of the quantitative sovereign debt literature. The first contribution is to suggest a solution to the “sovereign default puzzle:” most quantitative sovereign debt models predict a default at very low debt-to-GDP thresholds, in clear contradiction with what is observed in the data. Starting from the observation that countries generally do not want to default but are rather forced into it by the markets, I present a model which can replicate the key stylized facts regarding sovereign risk. As another contribution, I establish a typology of debt crises in three categories: those crises that are the consequence of exogenous shocks, those that are self-fulfilling prophecies, and those self-enforcing crises that are the consequence of a rational tendency to over-borrow when the risk of a negative shock is high. The estimated proportion of self-fulfilling and self-enforcing crises in the data is about 10% in each case. I also study how sovereign default can be understood in the context of small open economy real business cycle models. The conclusion is that these models oscillate between two polar cases: default is either inexistent or too frequent, depending on the chosen parameter values. These models are therefore not well suited for studying sovereign risk, and default needs to be fully endogeneized in order to get meaningful results. Finally, I make a methodological contribution by presenting a new computational method for solving endogenous default models. It is shown to dramatically improve the existing speed-accuracy frontier
Benzaquen, Bélinda. "Primauté et recours". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30015.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbsolute primacy of Community law or supremacy of constitutional provisions ? Devoted to the analysis of the conflicts born or to be born between EU law and constitutional standards, this doctoral study focused on analysis of the link between the terms of primacy or preemption rule and jurisdictional actions to raise that in this kind of litigation disputes a unreported legal syllogism is applied. It's one that cumulatively preserves the hierarchical criterion characterizing the domestic legal systems of the Member States, at its peak the principle of supremacy of the Constitution over all others and the effective application of the material primacy of Union law ; recent developments in internal law of the Union converge in this sense : in a dispute litigation, primacy is no longer a problem of constitutional legality, the conflict is circumvent. Concerning this matter, the debate on the authority and the force of traditional international law on constitutional law no longer arises. It has been separated between the force and the effect of the treaties of international law of the Union. Yet in terms of principles, even within a federal State, the definitional content and especially the handling of the constitutional text have not been revisited ; the Constitution is the legal basis without being the content validity of the primacy of Union law, the supreme text operates as a reference technique, it fits two types of fields based on the criterion of the contentious issue. Supremacy and rule are two different legal nature principles which do not compete. The prevalence of the material primacy of Union law sets no supremacy at the top of the pyramidal hierarchy of standards of each of the acceding States