Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Contemporary western mainstream culture”
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Chen, Ruirui. "The Influence of Consumerism Culture on the Ideology of College Students Under the Background of "Internet +" Impact and Response Research". Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 6, nr 5 (1.12.2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v6i5.968.
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As a value concept of Western capitalism, consumerism culture is the manifestation and new carrier of Western ideology in contemporary society. With the development of globalization, the characteristics of extreme individualism, hedonism, and commodity fetishism of consumerism culture have biased guidance and negative influence on the mainstream ideology of college students. As the main front of talent training, universities must adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the field of ideology, avoid the multiple hidden penetration and diffuse transmission of consumerist ideology, and make full use of the communication advantages of "Internet +" to strengthen the mainstream ideology The guiding role of the students is to guide students to strengthen the "four self-confidence", form an internal ideological and cultural consciousness, and build a reasonable and scientific consumer culture atmosphere.
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Bomfil Neto, Virgílio. "From paradigm to paradox – contemporary mainstream theoretical reflections for fieldwork in lowland South America". Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia, nr 5 (30.12.2019): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etno.2019.5.10.
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This essay intends to address perspectives and reflections on nature and culture in the contemporary anthropological literature . Dialogically engaging with Ingold, Wag- ner, Viveiros de Castro, Descola and Strathern, I aim to demonstrate the implications of understanding culture as an axiomatic point of differentiation of human nature, or as re-elaboration of materiality through human action . This reflection calls us to rethink the Western scientific epistemology, along with its presupposed ontological order . Such questioning unfolds in the elaboration of the ethnographic text, which in turn is the result of a dialectical process that speaks not only of one culture, but of two, and especially of our gaze on the Other . In the ethnographic text, an anthropologist and a native are the potential locus of reproduction of their culture . Through this approach we extend the implications of epistemological concerns to fieldwork practices and to the art of under- standing other knowledge systems .
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Auger, Emily. "Inuit Woman Artists and Western Aesthetics". Dialogue and Universalism 7, nr 3 (1997): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du199773/418.
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Inuit artists espouse aesthetic values which are indicative of the degree of their involvement with the western art world and of the non-artistic cultural values which they wish to convey and perpetuate in their own communities. It is in this latter expression that Inuit aesthetics may be studied as a conveyor of Inuit rather than non-Inuit culture. In this paper, the statements made by Inuit woman artists from the Keewatin district are analysed with reference to the values associated with contemporary mainstream fine art and the artists' own assertions regarding the importance of non-artistic values in the art-making process.
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Glennie, Cassidy. "“We don’t kiss like that”: Inuit women respond to music video representations". AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 14, nr 2 (20.03.2018): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180118765474.
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This study provides sociological insight into the response of Inuit women to mainstream Western media representations of their culture. Historically, there have been inaccurate and stereotypical media representations of Indigenous peoples reproduced in many forms of entertainment media. Social theories such as Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic violence, Johan Galtung’s cultural violence, and George Gerbner and Gaye Tuchman’s symbolic annihilation are applied to contemporary media representations of Inuit women. This study explains how Inuit women make sense of popular music videos that utilize Inuit themes. Local Indigenous organizations in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, were collaborated with to facilitate focus groups for Inuit women to express their reactions to the videos and discuss how their culture is presented in mainstream Western music videos. Key themes that were identified include the following: unrealistic Western beauty standards projected onto Indigenous women; the normalization of harmful media tropes including the silence regarding Inuit women’s victimization, and the issue of missing and murdered aboriginal women; and the importance of positive role models, and self-representation of Inuit women in media.
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Goheen, Mike. "GOSPEL, CULTURE, AND CULTURES:LESSLIE NEWBIGINS MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTION". Philosophia Reformata 66, nr 2 (2.12.2001): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000230.
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Lesslie Newbigin’s book Foolishness to the Greeks: The Gospel and Western Culture opens with an interesting observation. On the one hand, the relationship between the gospel and culture is not a new subject. One thinks, for example, of the classic study of H. Richard Niebuhr who proposed five models of the relation of Christ to culture, and of work of Paul Tillich who struggled toward, what he called, a ‘theology of culture’ (Niebuhr 1951; Tillich 1959). However, the majority of work has been done by scholars who have not had the missionary experience of communicating the gospel to a radically foreign culture. On the other hand, the last three decades have witnessed a spate of studies on the issue of gospel and culture within the discipline of missiology under the general rubric ‘contextualization studies.’1 Missionaries have become more aware of the western captivity of the gospel and have struggled fruitfully with the issues of gospel and culture, and gospel and cultures. Yet while “it has sought to explore the problems of contextualization in all the cultures of humankind from China to Peru, it has largely ignored the culture that is the most widespread, powerful, and persuasive among all contemporary cultures — namely . . . modern Western culture” (Newbigin 1986:2-3). To put Newbigin’s observation another way, the missionary experience and tradition has gained penetrating insight into the issues of gospel and culture, and gospel and cultures but this tradition has not been appropriated in mainstream western scholarship to shed light on the subject of gospel and culture, and more particularly on the relationship between the gospel and western culture. To my way of thinking, this is a great loss because the missionary experience of cross-cultural witness offers important insight into the gospel-culture relation.
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Nynäs, Peter. "Multiple bodies in the spirituality of the gay porn star McCree: reflections on corporeality and subjectivity". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 23 (1.01.2011): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67393.
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Body modification practices have lately gained growing visibility in contemporary Western cultures. It is more like a trend or fashion ranging from, on the on hand, decorative tattoos and piercing, to branding, implants and surgery on the other. In most forms body modification occurs without any obvious religious, spiritual or ideological marks attached, but some forms involve discourses that explicitly address such aspirations. However, despite the fluidity and diversity of practices, it can be claimed that body modification represents specific or distinct ways of working with the body that differ from other forms of contemporary Western body cultures. Further, it needs be considered as part of the broader body culture. Hence it draws our attention to the role of corporeality in contemporary Western culture. Body modification could be regarded as a reaction to the nature of contemporary society, a way of compensating the lack of corporeal engagement in the world. Its former association with different subcultures might underpin this oppositional position. On the other hand, some scholars regard body-modification as nothing but part of the contemporary free floating carnival of signs, as mere mainstream supermarket signifiers, emptied of meaning and deprived of any external references. In this article emphasis is put on forms of body modification that more explicitly connote religion. One example of body modification is explored from an empirical perspective: the story about the spirituality of the gay porn star Logan McCree. This is a personal narrative about spirituality in which tattooing plays a central role. Still, despite being personal it is also part of McCree’s public image. With the help of both literature and the examples on body modification the place of corporeality in the story of McCree is explored. The aim is to shed some light on corporeality and in particular in relation to subjectivity.
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Ku, Kuang-Yi. "The Tiger Penis Project". Screen Bodies 5, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2020.050209.
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Many cultures have their own systems of alternative medicine, the effectiveness of which cannot always be proven according to contemporary scientific analysis; the use of the tiger penis to increase virility in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one such practice. While TCM may offer benefits beyond those available through mainstream western medicines, the huge demand for wild animals in TCM poses a threat to endangered species. Can a new interpretation of TCM resolve the conflict between health, culture, and environmental conservation? The Tiger Penis Project proposes the use of emerging biotechnologies to create artificial animal parts for Chinese medical applications both to prevent the further destruction of animals and traditional cultures and to provide more possibilities for the coexistence of human society and the natural environment.
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Jerrentrup, Maja Tabea. "Staging the other: Orientalism in contemporary media practice". Arte, Individuo y Sociedad 33, nr 4 (12.07.2021): 1329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/aris.72035.
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The so-called “oriental” has always been a subject for “western” fascination. Today, the staging of the “orient” in (hobby) model photography is among the most popular themes: costumes and props from various cultural contexts are combined to form a new whole. Based on participant observation and interviews, the article traces back possible individual motivations for embodying the “oriental,” among them nostalgia, corresponding with the description of the orient as “timeless,” the need for spirituality, the wish to express femininity, and to work on identity with regard to identity trials and the definition of the own identity through the help of its imagined opposite. Considering society as a whole and its zeitgeist, the phenomenon is interpreted using the concepts of escapism and kitsch, which can be observed in mainstream culture as well. Furthermore, cultural appropriation is discussed as a way to prevent getting to know other cultures, but at the same time, the “oriental” photoshoot is also seen as a chance to generate interest and to practice creativity. The article shows that the analysis of staged photographs offers a base for understanding the cultural context in which they have been taken and/or circulate, and that the photo motifs can be seen as expressions of psychological motivations.
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White, Claire, Michael Kinsella i Jesse Bering. "How to Know You’ve Survived Death". Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 30, nr 3 (24.07.2018): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341431.
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AbstractReports of people who have survived death have captured the attention of mainstream audiences. Why do these ideas enjoy persistent and widespread success in contemporary Western culture? Adopting a cognitive approach to the study of afterlife accounts and drawing upon our own research, we argue that mainstream survival narratives are popular because they provide convincing evidence that one has journeyed to another realm. Such accounts are convincing, in part, because they meet default cognitive assumptions about what human survival would look like if it were possible. We support this claim by highlighting recurring common themes in recounted episodes of near-death experiences and past life accounts and outlining how key findings in the cognitive science of religion, in conjunction with culturally situated accounts, can help scholars concerned with ideas about anomalous experiences to better understand their appeal.
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Wang, Yuan. "Deconstruction and reconstruction of identities: An interpretation on Chinese agriculture metal". Global Media and China 3, nr 4 (grudzień 2018): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436418817874.
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After the advent of Black Sabbath in the late 1960s, metal has existed for nearly 50 years. With the trend of cultural globalization from the West and opening-up of China in the late 1980s, metal emerged in the country in 1990 and then became a genre around 2000. The forming of Chinese metal has been experiencing a tension of acculturation, in which background agriculture metal came about as an exclusively Chinese metal phenomenon around 2010. Instead of being merely a spoof, it refers to deeper implications and reflects the issues of Chinese identity in a cosmopolitanism context. This article explores the origin and formation of the phenomenon of “agriculture metal” (农业重金属) and argues that the illogicalness, absurdity, and modern cynicism produced by agriculture metal can be understood as a deconstruction of traditional Chinese culture, mainstream popular culture, and Western metal orthodox, through which a series of unique features of Chinese metal are possibly constructed or reconstructed. This study may enrich contemporary metal studies by focusing on Chinese metal, which has usually been absent in the academia. More significantly, it emphasizes the tension between Chinese metal (localization) and Western metal (globalization), especially the former’s identity struggle in the global metal scene. Meanwhile, this study might be of more universal application, illustrating one of the possible results in the cosmopolitan process of culture in the contemporary world.
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Forde, Susan. "Monitoring the Establishment: The Development of the Alternative Press in Australia". Media International Australia 87, nr 1 (maj 1998): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808700112.
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The mainstream press in Australia, and indeed most Western nations, claims a strong and romantic history. But our alternative press also has a strong past, harking back to the days of the great general strikes and the anti-conscription movement, which were all captured in detail by the radical working-class press. Similarly, the counter-culture publications of the late 1960s and 1970s recorded and reflected a time of major social change and upheaval in our nation. This paper is principally an overview of the Australian alternative press, past and present, and is part of a larger study of the contemporary Australian alternative press. The study identifies 28 alternative publications and surveys editors' and journalists' attitudes to issues of objectivity, news values, ethics and news-gathering practices. A look at the alternative press industry has revealed publications with an overwhelming commitment to ‘filling in the gaps’ left by the mainstream, and providing context to issues which are generally given cursory treatment by the dailies.
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Moran, Claire. "Re-positioning female heterosexuality within postfeminist and neoliberal culture". Sexualities 20, nr 1-2 (30.09.2016): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716649335.
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Contemporary western societies are characterised by a new sexual permissiveness, within which sexualised culture has become normalised and mainstreamed. Situated in this new social landscape, and drawing on postfeminist and neoliberal discourses and dominant constructions of heterosexuality, this article critically examines the impact of these constructions on women’s sexual health in its broadest sense, encompassing physical, mental and social well-being. I argue that dominant discourses of heterosexuality are viewed through a postfeminist and neoliberal lens that both obscures the sexist nature of contemporary culture and transforms, repackages and feeds this sexism back to women as their own choice and as a representation of empowerment; and as such, contemporary constructions of women’s sexuality and bodies are deeply problematic, and pose serious risks to women’s sexual health. To address these issues, not only do we need to develop critical media literacy skills, but we also must open up spaces for collective action and push against the existing sexist culture to allow for alternative discourses and understandings to emerge.
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Tuters, Marc. "Belief Beyond Belief: On Fashwave’s Esoteric Future Past". Krisis | Journal for Contemporary Philosophy 41, nr 1 (15.06.2021): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/krisis.41.1.37162.
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This essay looks at the use of vernacular web culture by the new right. Specifically it focuses on how, in recent years, the new right appropriated a genre of web aesthetics known as ‘vapourwave’ to create the sub-genre of ‘fashwave’. Like vapourwave before it, fashwave taps into web cultural imaginary that is nostalgic for an imagined ‘cyberpunk’ past future — but while the former has been the subject of a monograph (Tanner 2016), very little has yet been written on the latter. Largely ignored within mainstream popular culture, these ‘—wave’ aesthetics flourish on the ‘deep vernacular web’ (de Zeeuw & Tuters 2019) of imageboards and web fora. As trivial as many fashwave memes may appear, this paper argues that they can be understood as the aesthetic manifestations of a contemporary renaissance in esoteric “traditionalism” — a discourse that posits an alternative theory of western culture, and which was influential on 20th century ideologues. The essay argues that fashwave transposes traditionalism’s fantasy of imagined past glories into an imagined future — one that is informed by the vapourwave’s distinctly vernacular nostalgia for masculine cyberpunk aesthetics.
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Sahin, Abdullah. "Critical Issues in Islamic Education Studies: Rethinking Islamic and Western Liberal Secular Values of Education". Religions 9, nr 11 (30.10.2018): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9110335.
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This paper examines two sets of interrelated issues informing contemporary discussions on Islam and education that take place within both Muslim majority and minority contexts. The first set of issues concerns the academic conceptualisation of the study of education within diverse historical and contemporary Islamic cultural, intellectual, political, theological and spiritual traditions. After a critical examination of the current literature, the paper suggests that ‘Islamic Education Studies’ offers a distinctive academic framing that incorporates an interdisciplinary empirical and scholarly inquiry strategy capable of generating a body of knowledge and understanding guiding the professional practice and policy development in the field. Lack of conceptual clarity in various current depictions of the field, including ‘Muslim Education’, ‘Islamic Pedagogy’, ‘Islamic Nurture’ and ‘Islamic Religious Pedagogy’, is outlined and the frequent confusion of Islamic Education with Islamic Studies is critiqued. The field of Islamic Education Studies has theological and educational foundations and integrates interdisciplinary methodological designs in Social Sciences and Humanities. The second part of the inquiry draws attention to the lack of new theoretical insights and critical perspectives in Islamic Education. The pedagogic practice in diverse Muslim formal and informal educational settings does not show much variation and mostly is engaged with re-inscribing the existing power relations shaping the society. The juxtaposition of inherited Islamic and borrowed or enforced Western secular educational cultures appears to be largely forming mutually exclusive, antagonistic and often rigid ‘foreclosed’ minds within contemporary Muslim societies. The impact of the educational culture and educational institutions on the formation of resentful Islamic religiosities and the reproduction of authoritarian leadership within the wider mainstream Muslim communities have not been adequately explored. The study stresses the need to have a paradigm shift in addressing this widely acknowledged educational crisis. The formation of a transformative educational culture remains the key to being able to facilitate reflective and critical Muslim religiosities, and positive socio-economic and political change in Muslim majority and minority societies. This inquiry explores a significant aspect of this crisis by re-examining the degree to which Islamic and Western, liberal, secular conceptions and values of education remain irreconcilably divergent or open to a convergent dialogue of exchange, reciprocity and complementarity. The originality of the paper lies in offering a critical rethinking of Islamic Education through mapping the main relevant literature and identifying and engaging with the central theoretical issues while suggesting a new academic framing of the field and its interdisciplinary research agenda.
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Grytsenko, Oleksandr. "History Works as Texts of Culture, or, Professional Historians in the National Narrative’s Embrace". Culturology Ideas, nr 17 (1'2020) (2020): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-17-2020-1.99-115.
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The article offers a comparative study of Ukrainian and Polish historical narratives understood as elements of national cultures of remembrance. Using a methodology of cultural studies borrowed from the Birmingham school, the scheme of ‘modes of emplotment’ proposed by Hayden White, the basic model of historical narrative developed by Jerzy Topolski, and Franklin Ankersmit’s notion of narrative substance, a discourse analysis of fragments of four books by contemporary Ukrainian and Polish authors (Yaroslav Hrytsak, Oleksandr Paliy, Grzegorz Motyka, Włodzimierz Mędrzecki) relating the same period (Western Ukraine between the World wars) was accomplished. All layers of the historical narrative (the informational, the persuasive, and the deep world-view related one), as well as modes of emplotment adopted by the authors and their positioning in their narratives were analyzed. The comparative study makes it possible to elucidate the relations between each of the four texts and the mainstream national historic narratives of the two countries. It also helps us to understand the reasons why the attempts to create a single non-conflicted vision of the ‘difficult issues’ of pour shared past have failed so far.
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Roy, Olivier. "Глобализированный ислам: в поисках новой уммы". Islamology 7, nr 1 (30.06.2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.07.1.01.
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This text is a translation of the first chapter of Globalised Islam, a book by Olivier Roy, one of the most distinguished scholars and commentators on political Islam. Roy argues that Islamic revival, or ‘re-Islamisation’, results from the efforts of westernised Muslims to assert their identity in a non-Muslim context. One-third of the world’s Muslims now live as members of a minority. At the heart of this development are the voluntary settlement of Muslims in Western societies and the pervasiveness and influence of Western cultural models and social norms. The revival of Islam among Muslim populations is often wrongly seen as a backlash against westernisation rather than as one of its consquences. A schism has emerged between mainstream Islamist movements in the Muslim world and the uprooted militants who strive to establish an imaginary ummah, or Muslim community. Roy provides a detailed comparison of these transnational movements, whether peaceful like Tablighi Jama’at and the Islamic brotherhoods, or violent like al-Qaeda. He shows how neofundamentalism acknowledges without nostalgia the loss of pristine cultures, constructing instead a universal religious identity that transcends the very notion of culture. Thus contemporary Islamic fundamentalism is not a simple reaction against westernisation but a product and an agent of the complex forces of globalisation.
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Medina Bañón, Raquel, i Barbara Zecchi. "Technologies of Age: The Intersection of Feminist Film Theory and Aging Studies". Investigaciones Feministas 11, nr 2 (14.06.2020): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/infe.66086.
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Aging studies is a relatively new discipline, and its intersection with feminist film theory can lead to fundamental methodological and theoretical rethinking of the notion of cinema as a powerful technology of age. This essay provides an account of the ageism that permeates Western societies vis-à-vis the place of aging and gender in visual culture. In light of contemporary feminist conceptualizations of aging and aging narratives, this essay aims to propose possible new directions that cinema and feminist film theory can take as part of a new epistemological framework. It also explores new theoretical paradigms from an intersectional perspective aimed at deconstructing ageism in the film industry. Finally, by focusing on female aging narratives in several non-mainstream film productions, this essay advocates moving away from the binary approach of aging as either decline or success, and it suggests new, affirmative ways of looking at aging bodies, and of understanding old age.
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Sutherland, Marcia Elizabeth. "Toward a Caribbean Psychology". Journal of Black Studies 42, nr 8 (31.05.2011): 1175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934711410547.
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Although the Americas and Caribbean region are purported to comprise different ethnic groups, this article’s focus is on people of African descent, who represent the largest ethnic group in many countries. The emphasis on people of African descent is related to their family structure, ethnic identity, cultural, psychohistorical, and contemporary psychosocial realities. This article discusses the limitations of Western psychology for theory, research, and applied work on people of African descent in the Americas and Caribbean region. In view of the adaptations that some people of African descent have made to slavery, colonialism, and more contemporary forms of cultural intrusions, it is argued that when necessary, notwithstanding Western psychology’s limitations, Caribbean psychologists should reconstruct mainstream psychology to address the psychological needs of these Caribbean people. The relationship between theory and psychological interventions for the optimal development of people of African descent is emphasized throughout this article. In this regard, the African-centered and constructionist viewpoint is argued to be of utility in addressing the psychological growth and development of people of African descent living in the Americas and Caribbean region.
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Burcar, Lilijana. "(Global) Capitalism and Immigrant Workers in Gary Paulsen’s Lawn Boy: Naturalization of Exploitation". Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 4, nr 1 (czerwiec 2012): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.4.1.37.
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Exploitable migrant labour is one of the key organizational features of contemporary capital accumulation. Migrants’ underpaid work makes a significant contribution to the affluence of Western receiving societies, keeping them economically prosperous. The article addresses the mechanisms of representation by means of which mainstream children’s literature mystifies exploitative socio-economic relations affecting immigrant workers, which in turn leads to the naturalization of structural inequalities and hierarchically organized constructs of identity. Specifically, the article examines the ways in which exploitative labour practices in relation to migrant workers are effectively papered over and justified in Gary Paulsen’s novel Lawn Boy.
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Schaal, Michèle. "From actions to words: FEMEN’s fourth-wave manifestos". French Cultural Studies 31, nr 4 (22.10.2020): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155820961650.
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Since its creation in 2008 in Ukraine, FEMEN has fascinated mainstream audiences and scholars alike. Yet few studies have dealt with FEMEN’s writings in French. While the lack of translations may partially explain this critical gap, the overall dismissal of FEMEN and its impact on contemporary feminisms participates in the historic marginalisation of women’s contributions to the arts, the sciences, or society at large. Recognising the organisation’s problematic standpoints, this article demonstrates how, going from action to words, FEMEN’s collective book publications, Manifeste FEMEN and Rébellion, contribute to, and complicate, contemporary feminist thought and debates. Inscribing themselves in the feminist manifesto tradition, both books articulate a fourth-wave feminist standpoint, and through FEMEN’s assessment of their actions, the organisation unveils Western democracies’ tartufferies regarding secularism and equal rights. FEMEN’s manifestos also generate a reflection on the (im)possibility of a universal, global approach to feminism, namely, due to their Islamophobic stances.
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Jasim Mohammed, Rouwaida, i Lamiaa Ahmed Rasheed. "A Non-Western Representation of the Third World Women in Nadia Hashimi’s A House without Windows". Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 6, nr 3 (24.08.2022): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol6no3.8.
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Third-world women in western literature have often been depicted as submissive, illiterate, vulnerable, and having no identity. They are cast from the outside discourses, always entangled in the gaze of the west as being primitive. Yet the world is open to change with viable feminist female practices to enhance the accurate and exact image oe third-world women. Nadia Hashimi’s A House Without Windows is a manifestation of deconstructing the false stereotyped image created by the West writers through skillfully presenting the real pressing contemporary issues of Afghan women in their society with diverse forms of ordeals. This paper aims to reflect upon the significant differences between stereotypical western depictions of third world women— are portrayed in mainstream western discourses as weak and in need of help— and their representation by Non-Western writers. It further explores how the female characters can cope with life hardships and pass the closures with no fear despite the difficulties of living within the nonwestern codes of patriarchy and culture. Investigating Hashmi’s novel is significant because it presents an accurate depiction of third-world women together with a variety of their inspirational tales, correcting and changing the stereotyped western representation. This study elucidates the Transnational Feminist Theory as a remarkable framework for comprehending the gap between the global north and south to address the representation of third-world women. Consequently, dismantling the stereotypical images of women in the third world and the phony universalization of global sisterhood is investigated by reflecting upon the vivid pictures of strong women.
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Mabrook, Ali. "Pride, Faith, and Fear". American Journal of Islam and Society 21, nr 3 (1.07.2004): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i3.1784.
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If the real value of a book – any book – comes from its ability to presentitself as a subject of various, but not contradictory, readings, this bookundoubtedly fulfils that value. From the point of view of a Muslim and nonwesternreader, the book reflects the western fear of Islam as a power in crisisbut adopts a line of argument against mainstream western writings on Islam. In other words, it argues against the prevalent claim that Islam, especiallyafter the collapse of communism, represents the most dangerous threatto western values. Further, the book suggests that “opportunities for positiveengagement with Africa’s Muslim communities and states abound on thepolitical, social, religious, economic, and cultural level” (p. 150).Motivated by the need “to find a reasonable avenue of exploration andaccommodation with countries and cultures that differ from our own (theWestern culture),” the book unveils the mutual misunderstanding betweenthe West and the Muslim world. Thus, it argues that the “Muslim world istreated (by the West) as having a single dimension, as if Muslims in generalhad bonded with Osama bin Laden” (p. 4). It also argues that the Westsees Muslims as “stubbornly holding the idea that Christians have not abandonedthe Crusaders’ mentality, zealously trying to destroy all traces ofMuslim civilizations in their entirety” (p. 4). Being aware of the harmfulimpacts of these misleading images not only on the media, but also – andthis is the most dangerous – on the “contemporary (academic) analysis,”the book invites the People of the Book (ahl al-kitab) to work togethertoward peace and reconciliation, emphasizing that “it will be a difficult butnot impossible road.” Without this effort to make peace, the book suggests,there will be chaos and violence ...
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Xiao, Yin. "Juan Cobo’s Thoughts on the Chinese–Occidental Cultural Integration". Religions 13, nr 12 (1.12.2022): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13121168.
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Juan Cobo, a Spanish Dominican, preached to the Chinese in the Philippines between 1588 and 1592. During this time, he translated Ming Xin Bao Jian 《明心寶鑒》, which was the first Chinese classic translated into a Western language. In addition, he also authored an evangelical work: Bian Zheng Jiao Zhen Chuan Shilu 《辯正教真傳實錄》. His approach was notably different from his contemporary Dominicans’ orthodox inclinations. Juan Cobo’s works show his enthusiastic admiration for the Chinese culture, which is demonstrated in his open attitude towards the Confucian and Daoist doctrines, as well as in his recorded egalitarian discussion with a Mandarin scholar. In this article, based on Juan Cobo’s works, an analysis is undertaken regarding how this missionary adopted Neo-Confucian concepts and ideas, which then occupied a mainstream position in the local academic world, in his evangelical work with the Chinese people. Furthermore, this analysis also investigates how Juan Cobo intended to integrate the Oriental and Western philosophies, despite their theoretical and methodological divergences, in order to achieve the quick acceptance and diffusion of Christianity among the Sangleys. The historical background, the causes, and the results of such practices are also discussed in the present article.
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Ape-Esera, Luisa, Vili Nosa i Felicity Goodyear-Smith. "The Pacific primary health care workforce in New Zealand: What are the needs?" Journal of Primary Health Care 1, nr 2 (2009): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc09126.
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AIM: To scope future needs of the NZ Pacific primary care workforce. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with key informants including Pacific primary care workers in both Pacific and mainstream primary health care organisations and managers at funding, policy and strategy levels. Qualitative thematic analysis using general inductive approach. RESULTS: Thirteen stakeholders interviewed (four males, nine females) in 2006. Included both NZ- and Island-born people of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, Fijian and NZ European ethnicities; age 20–65 years. Occupations included general practitioner, practice nurse, community worker, Ministry of Health official and manager representing mainstream and Pacific-specific organisations. Key themes were significant differences in attributes, needs and values between ‘traditional’ and contemporary Pacific people; issues regarding recruitment and retention of Pacific people into the primary health care workforce; importance of cultural appropriateness for Pacific populations utilising mainstream and Pacific-specific primary care services and both advantages and disadvantages of ‘Pacific for Pacific’ services. CONCLUSION: Interviews demonstrated heterogeneity of Pacific population regarding ethnicity, age, duration of NZ residence and degree of immersion in their culture and language. Higher rates of mental disorder amongst NZ-born Pacific signpost urgent need to address the impact of Western values on NZ-born Pacific youth. Pacific population growth means increasing demands on health services with Pacific worker shortages across all primary health care occupations. However it is not possible for all Pacific people to be treated by Pacific organisations and/or by Pacific health workers and services should be culturally competent regardless of ethnicity of providers. KEYWORDS: Pacific Islands, New Zealand, manpower, ethnic groups, Oceanic Ancestry Group, primary health care
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Casado-Gual, Núria. "Ageing and romance on the big screen: the ‘silvering romantic comedy’ Elsa & Fred". Ageing and Society 40, nr 10 (3.06.2019): 2257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19000643.
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AbstractThe radical demographic change produced by the ageing population in the Western world has entailed a complete transformation of its popular culture. The cinema is one of the popular arts to have been especially affected by the so-called ‘longevity revolution’. In fact, an important part of Hollywood celebrity culture and the mainstream film audiences belong to the same ageing demographic. The increasing necessity to tell and consume stories of ageing for the big screen is not only reflected in the growing number of films that feature older characters in their lead roles, but also in the changes produced in the cinematic narratives themselves. Film scholars within the inter-disciplinary field of cultural gerontology have started to address this phenomenon from various perspectives. Building on from their critical consideration, this article focuses on the particular case of Michael Radford's Elsa & Fred, a contemporary film released in 2014 that, paradoxically enough, helps renovate the youth-oriented genre of the romantic comedy through a ‘silvering’ romance. Taking into account contemporary manifestations of the romantic comedy genre, the essay proves that Radford's comedy contributes to the development of the ‘gerontocom’ as a new sub-genre in which old age is central to the protagonists’ characterisations and storylines. By considering the interaction of the generic rules of the genre with the hyper-visibility of the protagonists’ agedness, this article also shows the ways in which the film overcomes polarised views of ageing and enhances the figures’ own process of becoming in the last stage of their lives.
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Guo, Shaohua. "When dating shows encounter state censors: a case study of If You Are the One". Media, Culture & Society 39, nr 4 (9.05.2016): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443716648492.
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Postmillennial China has witnessed a surge of TV entertainment programs that constantly straddle the line between market demands and state mandate. Taking If You Are the One, a top-rated dating program that has evoked much controversy as a case study, this article seeks to expand current understanding of the entangled relationship between entertainment and politics in contemporary China. Delving into the critical juncture at which If You Are the One encounters state censors, this article illuminates how the official mandate has played a pivotal role in catalyzing the transformation of If You Are the One from a copycat of Western reality shows into one imprinted with Chinese characteristics. Moreover, the readiness and flexibility of those involved with television programming to negotiate, reciprocate, and adjust their stances characterize the nascent norm of television culture production. Thus, the way in which If You Are the One reinvents its agenda to meet state expectations, pacifies the irritated audience, and subsequently enhances its critical agency illustrates the mutually reconfiguring relationships between official, commercial, and mainstream forces.
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Burton, James. "Manimism: Worrying About the Relationship Between Rationality and Animism". New Formations 104, nr 104 (1.12.2021): 214–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:104-105.10.2021.
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This paper seeks to articulate a series of worries surrounding the seeming convergence of recent critical work on animism with contemporary calls to decolonise thought. Sometimes referred to as the 'new animism', these recent approaches valuably question traditional and mainstream notions of Western rationality, perform important critical reforms of formerly dominant anthropological and epistemological perspectives, and open up questions concerning the pervasiveness of something like animism within Western/ modern thought and culture. On the one hand, these effects may be seen as complementing a decolonising imperative. On the other hand, they may also risk contributing to processes of less fundamental epistemological reform, whereby certain elements of the 'European paradigm of modernity/ rationality' (Anibal Quijano) are allowed to remain intact. Prominent among these elements, following Sylvia Wynter, is the constructed figure of 'Man' around which colonial modernity has built and extended itself. In order to pursue these worries, the paper explores key characteristics of what may be considered, according to the terms it has itself established, the animist character of aspects of Western modernity/rationality. It is argued that a widespread acceptance of the reality and validity of the culturally specific figure of Man as representative of all humans, is dependent on a form of animistic investment on the part of European and Western modernity referred to as 'Manimism'. Worrying/being worried about Manimism does not necessitate the abandonment of so-called new-animist work, but may form a worthwhile complement to it, especially in light of the historical capacity of Man and Manimism to survive major socio-political and epistemological challenges and upheavals.
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Burton, James. "Manimism: Worrying About the Relationship Between Rationality and Animism". New Formations 104, nr 104 (1.12.2021): 214–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:103-104.10.2021.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper seeks to articulate a series of worries surrounding the seeming convergence of recent critical work on animism with contemporary calls to decolonise thought. Sometimes referred to as the 'new animism', these recent approaches valuably question traditional and mainstream notions of Western rationality, perform important critical reforms of formerly dominant anthropological and epistemological perspectives, and open up questions concerning the pervasiveness of something like animism within Western/ modern thought and culture. On the one hand, these effects may be seen as complementing a decolonising imperative. On the other hand, they may also risk contributing to processes of less fundamental epistemological reform, whereby certain elements of the 'European paradigm of modernity/ rationality' (Anibal Quijano) are allowed to remain intact. Prominent among these elements, following Sylvia Wynter, is the constructed figure of 'Man' around which colonial modernity has built and extended itself. In order to pursue these worries, the paper explores key characteristics of what may be considered, according to the terms it has itself established, the animist character of aspects of Western modernity/rationality. It is argued that a widespread acceptance of the reality and validity of the culturally specific figure of Man as representative of all humans, is dependent on a form of animistic investment on the part of European and Western modernity referred to as 'Manimism'. Worrying/being worried about Manimism does not necessitate the abandonment of so-called new-animist work, but may form a worthwhile complement to it, especially in light of the historical capacity of Man and Manimism to survive major socio-political and epistemological challenges and upheavals.
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Jakubowska, Agata. "The Attractive Banality of Natalia LL’s "Consumer Art” (1972–1975)". Nordlit 11, nr 1 (1.05.2007): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.1763.
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The article is an analysis of the reception of "Consumer Art" by Natalia LL. The work is a series of photographs and films made in the years 1972-1975 featuring women consuming bananas, sausages, custard and starch jelly.The work was created in the neo-avant-garde circles and was in those circles perceived as "an exploration of morphological potential of the sign and the capacity of the medium" (Andrzej Lachowicz). Simultaneously it functioned in the sphere of feminist art, into which it was included in the 1970's by feminist researchers from the Western Europe. In the present article the author conducts an analysis of the ambivalence resulting from the inclusion, which is caused by, among other factors, the incompatibility of Western discourse to Polish situation. It is also pointed out that it is only in the second half of the 1990's that the feminist discourse re-appears in the declarations of the artist herself and of some critics, which is related to the shift, observable in their texts, of "Consumer Art" from the area of conceptual art to the area of body art. The author enters a polemic with some elements of those interpretations, e. g. those referring to the critique of consumerism, and proposes to concentrate on the work by Natalia LL as one referring to erotic desire and female pleasure as issues which had no proper place in the mainstream culture (in the case of Natalia LL, the culture of the Polish Republic of Poland). In this context the author recalls the contemporary pastiche of Natalia LL's work, "Try this!" (2006) by Karol Radziszewski.
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Al-Naqeeb, Khaldoun Hasan. "Movements of political Islam: a study in socio-cultural dynamics*". Contemporary Arab Affairs 3, nr 2 (1.04.2010): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550911003740715.
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The present study is part of a larger project to chart the socio-cultural dynamics of the South Western Asian region (1918–2007). It is organized around three basic tenets: (1) that the South West Asian region has been (and still is) in long-enduring cultural confrontation with the West; (2) that the confrontation with the West is not to reject the ‘modernity’ of the West, but to suggest an alternative to it; and (3) the confrontation with the West, in the contemporary context, is a function of Western imperialist penetration of the region, and its hegemonic practices. The focus of the study will be on the ‘resurgence’ of movements of political Islam, of which Western social science has, so far, failed to understand its causes. The proposition is to analyse the movements of political Islam as New Social Movements in the process of transition into mainstream political parties, dominating the political life of the whole region. It will further be contended that the disillusionment with the West in the region undermines liberal nationalist movements and feeds into the radicalization of social forces, as resistance movements.
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Chambers, Claire, Richard Phillips, Nafhesa Ali, Peter Hopkins i Raksha Pande. "‘Sexual misery’ or ‘happy British Muslims’?: Contemporary depictions of Muslim sexuality". Ethnicities 19, nr 1 (21.02.2018): 66–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796818757263.
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We begin this article with a close look at some contemporary pictures of sexual life in the Muslim world that have been painted in certain sections of the Western media, asking how and why these pictures matter. Across a range of mainstream print media from the New York Times to the Daily Mail, and across reported events from several countries, can be found pictures of ‘sexual misery’. These ‘frame’ Muslim men as tyrannical, Muslim women as downtrodden or exploited, and the wider world of Islam as culpable. Crucially, this is not the whole story. We then consider how these negative representations are being challenged and how they can be challenged further. In doing so, we will not simply set pictures of sexual misery against their binary opposites, namely pictures abounding in the promise of sexual happiness. Instead, we search for a more complex picture, one that unsettles stereotypes about the sexual lives of Muslims without simply idealising its subjects. This takes us to the journalism, life writing and creative non-fiction of Shelina Zahra Janmohamed and the fiction of Ayisha Malik and Amjeed Kabil. We read this long-form work critically, attending to manifest advances in depictions of the relationships of Muslim-identified individuals over the last decade or so, while also remaining alert to lacunae and limitations in the individual representations. More broadly, we hope to signal our intention to avoid both Islamophobia and Islamophilia in scrutinising literary texts.
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Osiri, J. Kalu. "Igbo management philosophy: a key for success in Africa". Journal of Management History 26, nr 3 (29.02.2020): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-10-2019-0067.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the Igbo management philosophy as having the potential to bring about success in Africa and propose a framework that comprises a set of values and three key institutions: the marketplace, the family and the apprenticeship system. The paper shows that effective leaders are servant-leaders who sacrifice for others. Design/methodology/approach This paper relied on earlier and contemporary peer-reviewed, news media and books. These materials offered insight into what Igbos believed, how they behaved and how they historically organized their lives. Materials authored by both African and non-African authors were considered. Findings The researcher concluded that Igbos developed a management system based on a philosophy that is African, which is different from the Western system. A framework for the Igbo management philosophy is derived from complex interactions of values and institutions in Igbo societies. The researcher finds that a set of values, particularly, the value of sacrifice, is crucial for ensuring effective business leadership. Originality/value Western influence on management has persisted. However, with the economic rise of China, Asian philosophical thought has taken a more center stage in academic management scholarship. Even though human civilization occurred in Africa, it is perplexing that African management systems are not mainstream. There has been research on indigenous African systems and African management philosophy in general. Previous scholarship has also explored the Igbo culture as a whole and their apprenticeship system; however, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time a framework for an Igbo management philosophy is proposed.
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Đokić, Borivoje-Boris, Rhonda Polak, Jeanette D. Francis i Bahaudin G. Mujtaba. "A Study of Haitian Immigrant’s Assimilation to Western Practices of Using the Telephony and Internet Technologies / Proučavanje Asimilacije Imigranata Sa Haitija Na Zapadnjačku Praksu Korišćenja Telefonskih I Internet Tehnologija". Singidunum Journal of Applied Sciences 10, nr 2 (1.10.2013): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjas10-4207.
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Abstract This study examines the relationship between the use of technology to stay connected with home country and culture while adapting and integrating into the host culture. Through a survey the authors probe into how Haitian immigrants living in South Florida with varying levels of contact with their home country acculturate into the receiving society, exploring an increasingly salient experience of contemporary global migrants. Immigration is the experience of acculturation by individuals and the emergence of culturally plural societies, where both immigrants and host country citizens can live together in a positive environment. In this study, we report our exploratory findings and insights from a survey conducted among Haitian immigrants in South Florida area, studying the relationship between the scope of their electronic communication, and their level of integration into the mainstream American culture. Considerable research has been devoted to the understanding of immigration, acculturation and adaptation of adults, but much less has addressed these phenomena among Haitian population in reference to the use of communication technologies to keep in touch with their loved ones overseas and being fully adapted to their host country at the same time, asserting both identities. In other words, to what extend Haitians who wish to have contact with American culture, while maintaining their cultural attributes do so through the Internet and telecommunication technologies. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between cultural integration process and the level of Internet and telephony technologies usage among Haitians living in South Florida. The Internet and telephones are a necessity becoming central for one’s knowledge of environment, for the retention of one’s social contacts but also for the organization of one’s life. This is especially true for immigrants who often rely on their new and old social networks in order to adjust to the host country. This study looks at five well understood measures or indicators of the acculturation process, namely language proficiency, language use, length of time in the host culture, age, and peer contact. It also looks at the preferences of Internet related tools to contact friends and relatives both in Haiti and the USA by email, text messaging, and social sites. In our study, highly integrated Haitian immigrants are those who are young, have lived here for a long time, are proficient in Creole and English, speak to friends and relatives in both languages, and spend their free time with both Americans and other Haitians.
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Gultyaeva, Galina S. "Realistic Painting of the 20th Century China in the Context of Cultural Visualization". Observatory of Culture 18, nr 1 (24.05.2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2021-18-1-32-43.
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This article examines the phenomenon of Chinese realism, as well as the prerequisites and factors that influenced the processes of reception in modern Chinese art. At the beginning of the 20th century, under the influence of Western academic realism and the artistic system of social realism, a new direction and artistic method was formed — realism, which became mainstream in the art of China of the mid-20th century. According to its aesthetic and ideological motifs, Chinese realism is an object of social realism reception, which was determined by cultural and historical factors, and the development of political, economic and cultural ties with the USSR. Studying the realistic painting, which reflects the atmosphere of the era, the worldview, and the dialogue of cultures, is relevant for both Chinese and Russian contemporary art studies. The article examines the role of realism in the development of Chinese art culture of the 20th century, including its socio-political components, as well as the dynamics of artistic and expressive means and the iconographic system in the context of the historical and cultural situation. In the 1980s and 1990s, as a result of the liberalization of economic and political life, the artistic consciousness formed new concepts of realistic painting — neorealism and cynical realism, associated with a critical rethinking of the historical heritage. The neorealism and cynical realism, which would significantly enrich realistic painting with new forms and content, adopted Western postmodern concepts of pop art, and debunked, in a grotesque and satirical form, the political stereotypes of the past. The analysis of realistic painting of the 1990s demonstrates how the transformation of past painting canons reflects the desire of society to free itself from the pressure of totalitarian ideology and to rethink the value orientations of the previous era.The novelty of this study lies in the fact that it applies a systematic and holistic approach to the analysis of realism in Chinese painting, reveals the diversity of its forms and directions, and gives ground for the specifics of its evolution in the context of the artistic culture of the 20th century China. There are almost no comprehensive studies of this issue in modern art history, so this work is an attempt to create a scientific approach to the study of this artistic phenomenon and the formation of ideas about how the artistic consciousness of an entire epoch was changing.
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Wykes, Jackie. "‘I saw a knock-out’: Fatness, (In)visibility, and Desire in Shallow Hal". Somatechnics 2, nr 1 (marzec 2012): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2012.0040.
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When the Farrelly brothers' movie Shallow Hal (2001) was released, one reviewer suggested that the film ‘might have been more honest if [it] had simply made Hal have a thing about fat women’ ( Kerr 2002 : 44). In this paper, I argue that Kerr hits the mark but misses the point. While the film's treatment of fat is undoubtedly problematic, I propose a ‘queer’ reading of the film, borrowing the idea of ‘double coding’ to show a text about desire for fat (female) bodies. I am not, however, seeking to position Shallow Hal as a fat-positive text; rather, I use it as a starting point to explore the legibility of the fat female body as a sexual body. In contemporary mainstream Western culture, fat is regarded as the antithesis of desire. This meaning is so deeply ingrained that representations of fat women as sexual are typically framed as a joke because desire for fat bodies is unimaginable; this is the logic by which Shallow Hal operates. The dominant meaning of fatness precludes recognition of the fat body as a sexual body. What is at issue is therefore not simply the lack of certain images, but a question of intelligibility: if the meaning of fat is antithetical to desire, how can the desire for – and of – fat bodies be intelligible as desire? This question goes beyond the realm of representation and into the embodied experience of fat sexuality.
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Carter, Matthew. "Personalizing the Apocalypse: Frontier Mythology and Genre Hybridity in „Maggie”". Studia Filmoznawcze 38 (21.06.2017): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-116x.38.9.
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An independent U.S.-Swiss co-production released by Lionsgate Films and Roadside Attractions, Maggie 2015 is marketed as apost-apocalyptic Horror drama and appears most obviously as azombie-apocalypse film. It soon becomes apparent, however, that Maggie differs markedly from other, more traditional zombie-apocalypse films. It blends recognizable elements from several mainstream genres and, though largely conforming to the well-known conventions of so-called classical realism, echoes some of the alternative narrative strategies traditionally associated with independent American and European cinemas. Although Maggie is rich with interpretive possibilities, this article shall touch on a less overt, some might even say fringe aspect of its narrative; namely, its engagement with a number of aspects of America’s frontier mythology. This might seem astrange connection to make at first since the frontier myth as apopular cultural referent is most often associated with the Hollywood Western, and the Western is clearly not Maggie’s most recognizable narrative schema. However, the myth’s association with the Western, while historically dominant, is far from exclusive and it would also be amistake to deny the myth’s links to other film genres through the related connections that exist between categories of films that, on the surface, seem to have little to do with one another. This is especially so in afilm as “genre confused” as Maggie.To be clear, this article does not claim Maggie to be a Western, at least not in any traditional sense that we might understand it. Rather, it interprets Maggie as apart of amore general trend in contemporary cinema typified by the hybridization of the codes and conventions of numerous genres and subgenres; especially, but not exclusively, those that bring an international perspective to bear on traditional genre categories. In the case of Maggie, this works to undermine audience expectations through aprocess of inversion and deconstruction that reconfigures the erstwhile familiarity of the zombie-apocalypse’s popular-cultural terrain. For, in referencing the Western and its related frontier mythology in the way that it does, Maggie demonstrates the adaptability and continued relevance of both in relation to the complex dynamics of contemporary global film genres. It is within this context that Maggie references the Western and, in so doing, highlights the continuing influence of frontier mythology in contemporary popular culture. PERSONALIZACJA APOKALIPSY — MITOLOGIA POGRANICZA I GATUNKOWA HYBRYDOWOŚĆ W FILMIE MAGGIE HENRY’EGO HOBSONANiezależna amerykańsko-szwajcarska produkcja zrealizowana przez Lionsgate Films i Roadside Attractions — Maggie 2015 — jest reklamowana jako postapokaliptyczny horror, a jawi się w sposób najoczywistszy jako zombie-apokaliptyczny film. Wkrótce stanie się jednak oczywiste, że obraz ten różni się znacząco od innych, bardziej tradycyjnych zombie-apokaliptycznych obrazów. Łączy w sobie rozpoznawalne elementy z wielu gatunków głównego nurtu kina i mimo że przeważnie opiera się na znanych konwencjach tak zwanego klasycznego realizmu, przywołuje pewne alternatywne strategie narracyjne, tradycyjnie identyfikowane z niezależnym amerykańskim i europejskim kinem. Maggie obfituje w liczne możliwości interpretacyjne, jednak niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na mniej widocznym, można by nawet rzec marginalnym, aspekcie jego struktury. Mianowicie na obecności w nim kilku aspektów mitologii amerykańskiego Pogranicza. Na pierwszy rzut oka może się to wydać dziwnym odniesieniem, ponieważ mit pograniczny jako odwołanie w kulturze popularnej jest najczęściej kojarzony z hollywoodzkim westernem, a sam western nie jest też najbardziej rozpoznawalnym narracyjnym schematem filmu Hobsona. Jednakże skojarzenie mitu z westernem, historycznie dominujące, nie jest przecież wyłączne i byłoby również błędem odmawianie związków zmitem innym filmowym gatunkom przez ich pokrewieństwa, istniejące między kategoriami filmów, które na pozór wydają się mieć niewiele wspólnego. Jest tak szczególnie w przypadku utworu tak „gatunkowo mieszanego” jak Maggie. Dla jasności — w artykule film ten nie jest definiowany jako western, przynajmniej nie w tradycyjny sposób rozumienia gatunku. Jest raczej interpretowany jako część bardziej ogólnego trendu we współczesnym kinie, naznaczonego hybrydyzacją kodów i konwencji wielu gatunków i podgatunków; zwłaszcza, choć nie wyłącznie, tych, które przynoszą międzynarodową perspektywę na podstawie tradycyjnych gatunkowych parametrów. W przypadku Maggie działa to tak, aby podważyć oczekiwania publiczności przez proces inwersji i dekonstrukcji, który przeformułowuje dotychczasową swojskość popkulturowego zombie-apokaliptycznego obszaru. Dlatego że odwołując się do westernu i ideologii Pogranicza w sposób, w jaki czyni to Maggie, film ten demonstruje zdolność adaptowania się i trwającą ważność obu tych fenomenów w relacji do złożonej dynamiki współczesnych globalnych gatunków filmowych. To właśnie w tym kontekście Maggie przywołuje western i — czyniąc to — rzuca światło na trwający wpływ ideologii Pogranicza na współczesną popularną kulturę. Przeł. Kordian Bobowski
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Yudin, N. "SEARCHING FOR SCIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: INSIGHTS FROM CRITICAL REALISM". International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 18, nr 1 (26.01.2021): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2020.18.1.60.8.
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A serious academic debate in general, let alone on theoretical and methodological issues, is rare for both Western and Russian peer-reviewed journals. In the context of discussion, launched by a polemical article by a prominent Russian IR expert Alexey Fenenko, published in 2018 in the ‘International Trends’ journal, is more important and noteworthy. Nominally both this article and the subsequent responses from Denis Degterev, Igor Istomin, Andrey Baykov and Konstantin Khudoley focused on a long-running dispute between the proponents of quantitative and qualitative methods in IR studies. However, the true essence of this discussion, as well as its implications, goes far beyond a mere technical argument about methods. The present article examines this discussion as well as developments in contemporary IR theory through the lens of critical realism (CR). The first section considers the arguments of the discussants and shows that they tend to focus on secondary, technical issues leaving out the key subject of the dispute, i.e. how should international studies be organized in order to have a right to be called a science. In order to bring this issue back into the spotlight and to provide a new perspective on the issue, the second section considers the problem field of the contemporary IR theory from the viewpoint of CR. According to critical realists all predominant approaches in the mainstream IR theory are rooted in the Humean empiricism which to a large extent explains both epistemological and practical limitations of the contemporary IR studies. As an alternative, they advance the ideas of the founder of critical realism, British philosopher R. Bhaskar. The third section examines the key epistemological and ontological provisions of CR, which include the fundamental recognition of objective reality, existing prior to and beyond human activities, reality, which is stratified and differentiated. They also entail a specific perception of causality and of possible limits of cogniscibility and predictability of social phenomena. Nonetheless the article is far from a straightforward apology of critical realism. The fourth section identifies certain weaknesses of contemporary interpretations of CR in the context of IR theory, which include a static nature of their methodology and inconsistency of their implications. The author concludes that the major contribution of CR to the IR theory lies in providing a clear path for further research – that is development of materialist theories and approaches.
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Hu, Yu-Ying. "Mainstreaming female masculinity, signifying lesbian visibility: The rise of the zhongxing phenomenon in transnational Taiwan". Sexualities 22, nr 1-2 (1.06.2017): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460717701690.
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“Zhongxing,” meaning “gender neutrality” in Mandarin Chinese, is the term typically used to describe young women who adopt masculine gender expressions affected by popular Japanese and Korean beautiful-boy styles and who assume a collective and prevalent presence in public space and popular culture in contemporary Taiwan. I examine how this cultural phenomenon evinces multilayered transnational convergence of globalizing western feminist and queer politics, commodified regional flow of Korean beautiful-boy image, and local Taiwanese T-Po lesbian subcultures in the process of Taiwan’s modern and international nation building. I also indicate the gender-specific consequences of cultural transnationalization on queer sexuality formation by elucidating how the rise of the zhongxing phenomenon mainstreams the unique form of female masculinity as a chic, politically progressive, and semi-normative gender performance for young women and represents lesbian visibility as a practice of insinuated signification rather than straightforward confession. Finally, I demonstrate how Taiwanese lesbians take advantage of the zhongxing discourse to conceive of a masculine inclination congruent with their female body and identification and to satisfy conflicting desires for queer visibility and social integration, revealing the subtle relations between normative constraints and the exercise of queer agency in a transnational cultural context.
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Woods, Timothy J. "Death in Contemporary Western Culture". Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 18, nr 3 (lipiec 2007): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596410701396071.
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Wang, Furen. "“Western discourse” and contemporary Chinese culture". Frontiers of Literary Studies in China 1, nr 2 (maj 2007): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11702-007-0009-3.
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Okungbowa, Eki. "‘Womb for Rent’: Socio-Cultural Implications of Reproductive Tourism in India". Alberta Academic Review 2, nr 3 (17.12.2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar111.
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Background
Commercial surrogacy in India has become an increasingly controversial human rights and global health issue. Indian women living in dire poverty are the most vulnerable group in this transnational phenomenon. Reproductive tourism can be defined as the process whereby affluent people predominately from Global North countries (i.e., Canada) seek assisted reproduction in the Global South (in this case, India), to accomplish fertility and kinship formation goals while remaining oblivious to the inevitable social issues associated with this international trade.
Objective
This paper investigates how the media and academic anthropological research present current understandings of biotechnology, family, and kinship regarding commercial surrogacy. I argue that reproductive tourism is a multifaceted social issue with significant socio-cultural implications for kinship in India and the Global North, by being rooted in a gendered division of labour, culturally-specific belief systems, technological advancement, race and class stratification, capitalist structures, and globalization.
Methods
Although reproductive tourism is indeed interdisciplinary in nature, this project explicitly took an anthropological and global health approach to understanding its impacts on kinship in local and global communities. With regards to researcher positionality, I played an outsider role in understanding Indian women and the cultural context in India. I critically and reflexively analyzed diverse media sources that offered insights on reproductive tourism in India within the domains outlined in my thesis statement. These media sources were found online, and included mainstream media outlets, news articles, articles by journalists and social activists, websites for organizations of interest, corporate sources, blogs, videos, documentaries, and images. I used scholarly articles in anthropology as ethnographic evidence to support, challenge, or extend claims reported by the media. Academic sources included peer-reviewed publications, books, open access materials, grey literature, academic websites, and legal documents. I qualitatively compared and contrasted the presented narratives to conduct a secondary analysis of scholarly literature and media reports, and constructed valid arguments about the current state of reproductive tourism in India.
Results
The commodification of reproductive labour has had vast impacts on the cultural meanings of kinship in India and Global North countries. Reproductive tourism in India is evidence that culture influences biological, reproductive, and technological processes and how they are perceived in contemporary times. Technology and globalization were found to be propellers of commercial surrogacy that transcend international borders. Expectations related to family formation and gender within Western contexts, and Western forms of kinship contribute to the commercial surrogacy industry. Reproductive tourism perpetuates hierarchies along the lines of race and class, and Indian women face exploitation and serious health risks despite being paid for their reproductive labour.
Conclusion
Transnational surrogacy must be perceived by governments as a public matter rather than a private one, in order to adequately derive holistic solutions to halt the exploitation of vulnerable Indian women while balancing the desire of infertile individuals to utilize surrogacy as a means of kinship formation.
Update
This research paper was written in March 2018. As of December 2018, commercial surrogacy is illegal in India. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2018 is an attempt by the Indian government to control the industry and associated issues such as the exploitation of poor women and unprecedented health consequences. This law and policy shift by the Indian government affirms the importance of this research.
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Lebell, Sharon M., i Susan Rubin Suleiman. "The Female Body in Western Culture: Contemporary Perspectives". Leonardo 20, nr 3 (1987): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1578178.
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Hyzen, Aaron, i Hilde Van den Bulck. "Conspiracies, Ideological Entrepreneurs, and Digital Popular Culture". Media and Communication 9, nr 3 (13.09.2021): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i3.4092.
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This contribution starts from the contemporary surge in conspiracism to develop a theoretical framework to understand how conspiracy theories make it from the margins to the mainstream. To this end, it combines a view of conspiracy theories as ideology and its propagandists as ideological entrepreneurs with insights into how the affordances of digital media and popular culture are instrumental in propagating the conspiracy theories. It further complements sociological and psychological explanations with a fandom perspective to grasp the diversity of conspiracy audiences. Together, it is argued, these factors allow ideological entrepreneurs to push conspiracy theories from the margins to the mainstream. Alex Jones and QAnon are discussed as cases in point.
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Przylipiak, Mirosław. "The Notion of Mainstream Film in Contemporary Cinema". Panoptikum, nr 19 (30.06.2018): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2018.19.01.
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The goal of this paper is to establish how the term „a mainstream film” is used and understood, what meaning is assigned to it in contemporary discourse about cinema. Wide research was carried out, aimed at pinpointing its usage both on the Internet, among bloggers and film forum members, as well as in academic papers. It turns out that the term is widely used, but very scarcely defined. Moreover, it is understood in very different, often incompatible manners. At least six meanings were detected. A mainstream film can be a blockbuster, a film which propagates dominant ideologies, a realist film, a film which employs continuity editing, a film rooted in the tradition of classical Hollywood cinema, a film that is easy to comprehend. Until recently, all these meanings could be combined due to a relatively high degree of uniformity within film culture, but now, when Cinema is experiencing growing diversification in all spheres, it is probably better not to use it at all.
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Włodek, Patrycja. "Western XXI wieku — między demitologizacją a postironią". Studia Filmoznawcze 38 (21.06.2017): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-116x.38.11.
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AMERICAN WESTERN IN THE 21ST CENTURY — BETWEEN DEMYTHOLOGIZATION AND POSTIRONYThe article examines contemporary — XXI century — cinematic strategies that are being chosen in dealing with western as agenre. Further demythologization, restoration of amyth and postirony are discussed based on contemporary examples, but also with reference to classical films and classical Hollywood cinema. Abovementioned strategies were chosen because they represent not only how American filmmakers deal with western as agenre and its mythology established in American culture and tradition, but also because they embody wider tendencies in contemporary culture and pop culture — above all American. Translated by Kordian Bobowski
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Joseph, Simon J. "“ ‘Knowledge is Truth’: A Course in Miracles as Neo-Gnostic Scripture”". GNOSIS 2, nr 1 (22.03.2017): 94–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451859x-12340028.
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A Course in Miraclesrepresents a modern-day neo-gnostic scripture that reflects significant trends in contemporary Western religiosity, especially the quest for alternative forms of esoteric “spiritual” knowledge and experience in a nominally Christian or post-Christian Western world. While this text has largely been ignored or marginalized in mainstream scholarship, a critical evaluation of theCourse, its editing, reception, and contemporary interpretation not only represents a fascinating case study in how “texts” become invested with “scriptural” authority, but illustrates how theCourse’s claims about Jesus and God exemplify the gnosticizing trajectories in the contemporary New Age movement.
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Bittarello, Maria Beatrice. "Western Suspicion of Polytheism, Western Thought Structures, and Contemporary Pagan Polytheisms". Journal of Religion in Europe 3, nr 1 (2010): 68–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489209x478319.
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AbstractThis paper argues that in contemporary Western culture, polytheism meets with strong theoretical opposition because it is implicitly subversive of powerful thought structures. The paper examines how scholars have conceptualized polytheism; subsequently, it tries to establish what are the concepts connected to a polytheistic religion and worldview, and to define what thought structures are threatened by 'polytheism.' Finally, by examining how contemporary Pagans are reconceptualising polytheism, the author points out that certain contemporary Pagan statements represent an interesting attempt to overcome dualistic thinking.
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Fishman, L. G. "‘Empty signifier’: The concept of ‘populism’ in the contemporary mainstream political science". Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 13, nr 2 (28.07.2021): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-2-13-32.
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The paper aims to clarify the origins of contemporary populism, as well as to outline the prospects for further research on this matter. The author examines this phenomenon within the framework of the dominant mainstream in political science. The latter imply the totality of approaches to conceptualization of the key modern social, economic, political and cultural issues. The author advances a hypothesis that both the extreme diversity of the views regarding the nature of populism and the impossibility to develop an all-encompassing defi nition of this paradoxical phenomenon directly stem from the characteristic features of this dominant discourse. The paper shows that this discourse emerged from the overlapping narratives of transition, modernization, free market, unlimited economic growth and ‘the end of history’ and establishes an hierarchy of global knowledge based on three principles: Western dominance, capitalism and liberalism. The author emphasizes that within this theoretical framework non-Western populism is portrayed as a relatively progressive phenomenon, as a means and an indicator of progress towards capitalism and democracy. In this case populism is interpreted as an element of transition to a ‘proper’ Modernity. However, identical political movements, practices and rhetoric of the Western populists are usually portrayed as a deviation from the norm, from Modernity in general and the ideals of liberal democracy in particular. Meanwhile, the paper argues that as Western liberal democracies transform into ‘conciliatory democracies’ (‘oligarchies’) and increasingly resemble ‘defective democracies’, they themselves start to deviate from the normative ideal, just as any regime they label ‘populist’. Therefore, the existing concepts of populism signify not only a certain deviation from the ideal but also the birth of a new reality which cannot be conceptualized within the framework of the contemporary mainstream political science. The concept of populism appears as an ‘empty signifier’ and as a collective term for all inconvenient and troubling social-political phenomena that mainstream political scientists are unable or unwilling to explain.
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Maher, Anthony J., Hayley Fitzgerald i Joanne McVeigh. "Factors influencing the culture of special school physical education: A Gramscian critique". European Physical Education Review 26, nr 4 (4.03.2020): 954–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x20901337.
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Physical education (PE) research has largely been preoccupied with mainstream (regular) schools. This article reports on part of a larger research project that centralises special school PE. In particular, Gramsci’s conceptualisations of hegemony, power and ideology are utilised to help shed light on the key factors that shape the culture of special school PE. A number of key themes were constructed from twelve interviews with special school senior leaders and PE teachers including, ‘economic climate: budgetary constraints’, ‘access to appropriate facilities and learning spaces’ and ‘pressures from Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) and senior management team’. These findings demonstrate how particular historical and contemporary factors contribute to the positioning of PE in special schools. The status and value of PE in these settings is sometimes considered less favourably than other areas of the curriculum or indeed mainstream PE. In spite of this, staff tasked with delivering special school PE had the desire and creativity to offer engaging experiences. In concluding we note that issues concerning economic constraints, limited space to deliver PE and pressures associated with Ofsted can be found in many mainstream schools too. However, honing in on the particular circumstances within special schools broadens insight about PE in contemporary schools.
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Gammage, Marquita. "Pop Culture Without Culture: Examining the Public Backlash to Beyoncé’s Super Bowl 50 Performance". Journal of Black Studies 48, nr 8 (7.09.2017): 715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717729504.
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On February 7, 2016, Beyoncé took the stage of Super Bowl 50 as a featured artist during the halftime show. Immediately after, her performance was classified as an anti-American act of terrorism. The public took to social media, not in the usual fan craze, but to condemn and damn Beyoncé for her celebration of Black culture. This condemning is a reflection of the marginalized treatment of Black popular artists which prohibits them from speaking out on Black issues. Consequently, Black popular artists are forced to shed off their cultural identities in order to achieve and maintain mainstream/pop culture success. This article provides a detailed examination of Beyoncé’s celebration of Black culture and its aftermath, along with other contemporary Black popular artists and celebrities, and will highlight the contemporary damnation of Black entertainers. These analyses will create a foundation for challenging the race-neutral categorization of Black popular artists.