Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Contemporary Art Terrorism”
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Alsaggar, Mowafaq, i Sultan Alrewely. "The Role of Caricature Art in Countering Terrorism in Contemporary Societies". Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, nr 2 (30.03.2023): 378–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i2.4949.
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Objectives: The present study aimed to present and analyze a collection of caricature artworks reflecting the artist's standpoint on introducing and addressing terrorism. It also sought to provide insights and recommendations on the potential use of caricature art in countering terrorism in contemporary society.
Methods: Researchers employed a descriptive analytical design, which is the most appropriate scientific method for studying the sample. The methods used were as follows: Survey Method - Gathering, studying, and describing a collection of notable cartoonists' works addressing terrorism. Content Analysis Method - Examining and analyzing caricature works from the study sample.
Results: The study yielded several findings, with the most important being that in most countries worldwide, the majority of cartoonists have committed themselves to countering the widespread terrorism in contemporary societies. However, their efforts are insufficient in light of the growing phenomenon.
Conclusions: Caricature art plays a prominent role in countering the causes of terrorism, even before its emergence. This is achieved through the significant influence of caricature art in shaping the cultural and emotional perspectives of society members. Moreover, caricature art is free from negative beliefs and attitudes that can serve as a foundation for extremism and terrorist activities.
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Dajani, Rana, Zeena Tabbaa, Nancy Hakooz, Afaf Al-Nadaf, Fadwa Al-Halaiqa i Sokyna Alqatawneh. "Three Circles of Alemat: Growth and Sustainability through Mentoring". Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, nr 2 (30.03.2023): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i2.4922.
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Objectives: The present study aimed to present and analyze a collection of caricature artworks reflecting the artist's standpoint on introducing and addressing terrorism. It also sought to provide insights and recommendations on the potential use of caricature art in countering terrorism in contemporary society.
Methods: Researchers employed a descriptive analytical design, which is the most appropriate scientific method for studying the sample. The methods used were as follows: Survey Method - Gathering, studying, and describing a collection of notable cartoonists' works addressing terrorism. Content Analysis Method - Examining and analyzing caricature works from the study sample.
Results: The study yielded several findings, with the most important being that in most countries worldwide, the majority of cartoonists have committed themselves to countering the widespread terrorism in contemporary societies. However, their efforts are insufficient in light of the growing phenomenon.
Conclusions: Caricature art plays a prominent role in countering the causes of terrorism, even before its emergence. This is achieved through the significant influence of caricature art in shaping the cultural and emotional perspectives of society members. Moreover, caricature art is free from negative beliefs and attitudes that can serve as a foundation for extremism and terrorist activities.
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BUCKLEY, BERNADETTE. "The workshop of filthy creation: or do not be alarmed, this is only a test". Review of International Studies 35, nr 4 (październik 2009): 835–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210509990210.
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AbstractIn this article I explore the nature of the relationship between art and terror/ism and ask why identifications between the two are so routinely and often insistently made. In so doing, my aim is twofold. Firstly, I explore the possibility of there being a deep-seated structural link that exists between art, terror/ism and creativity. In other words, I ask if terror is a necessary corollary of the ‘creative event’. Secondly, I explore explicit examples in which artists have sought to create or to emphasise this relationship, from the perspective of Contemporary Art practices. In the spirit of experiment rather than of judgment then, this article sets up a series of trials in which art and terror/ism are philosophically, aesthetically and politically blended. It asks where else should such tests be conducted, if not in relation to the artwork and in particular, in relation to those artworks which toy with terror/ism and those artists who claim on some level, to be ‘terrorists’? How is the ‘artist-as-terrorist’ to be interpreted and understood alongside existing definitions of both terrorism and of Art? And finally, what role does imagination play in the construction of experience?
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Seter, Ronit. "Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv: Different News from Israel (or, One More Step Toward Peace) — Three Contemporary Music Festivals". Tempo 59, nr 233 (21.06.2005): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298205210239.
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When a Western musician thinks of Israel, the immediate association is of incessant political conflict and terrorism, not the country's rich cultural life. Yet, for a state that has endured one terrorist outrage after another over the last four years, Israel's thriving contemporary music scene — a part of classical music events, blossoming with over 2,300 classical concerts a year — is an astounding feat. In March 2002, while biweekly suicide attacks ended the lives of over 120 Israeli civilians, concert halls were unbelievably full despite the fear, or perhaps just because of it, as a constructive escapism. A year later, still under shaky political and economic conditions, Avigail Arnheim, the director of music events at the Tel-Aviv Museum of Art, and Dan Yuhas, the newly-elected chair of the Israel Composers' League (and the music director of the Israel Contemporary Players) initiated preparations for three concurrent festivals of contemporary music in October 2004. A Western musician, not knowing the details, would think that they were planning events for Berlin and Munich audiences, and not for Tel-Aviv and Jerusalem listeners.
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Cloonan, William. "Une affaire politique: The Novel in 2022". French Review 97, nr 1 (październik 2023): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2023.a911319.
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Abstract: This essay approaches the novel through the optic of contemporary social controversies, be they the war in Ukraine, climate change, international and national terrorism, or abuse of ethnic or sexual minorities. It makes clear that even though novelists’ attitudes toward art and politics are constantly evolving, the issues themselves remain of constant concern.
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McQuilten, Grace. "Who is afraid of public space? Public art in a contested, secured and surveilled city". Art & the Public Sphere 8, nr 2 (1.12.2019): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps_00023_1.
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In the wake of multiple global crises, fears of terrorism, rising nationalistic sentiments globally and the pervasive impacts of gender-based violence in public spaces, contemporary urban cities are permeated with surveillance, anxiety, fear and division. In this context, what role can (and should) public art be playing? This article explores this question in the context of Melbourne, a major metropolitan centre in Australia, which has been ruptured by the multiplying effects of highly publicized episodes of street violence, isolated terrorist attacks, high-profile murders and politically driven narratives about youth gangs. Looking at the work of female artists Maryann Talia Pau, Amy Spiers and Catherine Ryan, and artists from African Australian communities including Ez Deng, Atong Atem and Asia Hassan, the article addresses questions about agency and marginalization for artists working in public space, and considers how marginalized community groups may face barriers to creating artworks that engage directly in mainstream public spaces.
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Battisti, Chiara. "Falling Man and the Aesthetics of Terrorism". Pólemos 16, nr 2 (8.08.2022): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2022-2020.
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Abstract This paper analyses Don DeLillo’s novel Falling Man as an influential example of post-9/11 literature. This novel, in describing the shattering impact of the destruction of the symbolic reference points that determine our experience of reality, has undoubtedly contributed to defining a “before and after 9/11” cultural scenario, where the new era is abruptly marked by the presence of new meanings, new attitudes, new spaces and new categories. This complex reframing of reality has engendered a new approach to the role of art, and especially of literature, in the Western world. This paper demonstrates that Falling Man can be read a site of political (re)configuration, in which the return to the link between the creative process and the issue of terrorism – a theme that runs through much of DeLillo’s writing – leads to a move beyond established categories and concepts. Such a move responds to a public need for a reconceptualisation of paradigms of terror/horror. I argue that the novel’s narrativisation of terrorism has introduced important suggestions into the contemporary cultural panorama, which now allow us to identify both a new form of terrorism that is closely connected with the emergent metamodern sensibility, and new aesth-ethical concepts that are better suited to describing contemporary violence.
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ben Mustapha Hachana, Mounira. "Towards a Plural Aesthetic in the Maghreb". AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, nr 21 (15.04.2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i21.357.
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The study and interpretation of the art of the modern and contemporary Maghreb is a developing field, in terms of artistic production, exhibition, marketing, and theoretical discourse. In recent years, artists of North Africa and the Middle East have achieved great visibility on the international scene, even as they suffer from many lacks, including the structures of art production, and critical discourses, and theoretical approaches. The principal aim of this paper is to avoid the radar screen of the western world and to think about the specificity of this region, such as a possible world of contemporary art. We can consider these artists and artworks beyond the cliché image repertoires of terrorism and tourism, Orientalism and clandestine migration that dominate most representations of the Maghreb. We want to explore visual art, and its dynamic, not by describing movements or putting together a chronology, but by guiding many reflections about the relation between theory and practice in this specific geographic area. This paper will address key points of the problems of terminology: the problematic use of such terms as Modern Islamic Art and the frequent application of the terms Modern and Contemporary without sufficient acknowledgment of their contextual connotation. It will examine the recent developments in art practice in the Maghreb and its diaspora and their wider context, analyzing the impact of globalization and other transnational cultural and social links. Article received: December 23, 2019; Article accepted: January 31, 2020; Published online: April 15, 2020; Review article
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Isik, M. Kemal. "Act of Terror and the Sublime at the Twilight of the Islamic State". Journal of Speculative Philosophy 37, nr 2 (kwiecień 2023): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jspecphil.37.2.0216.
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ABSTRACT In this article, the author analyzes the relationship between art and terrorism. Referring to the element of sublimity operative in philosophical writings pertaining to war and terror, the article raises questions concerning the sublimity of violence on the one hand, and the aesthetization of life and politics on the other. The article’s focus will lie particularly in Immanuel Kant’s account of the sublime in The Critique of the Power of Judgment, which will then be connected to contemporary literature on this theme. In the end, the author wishes to draw attention to the sublimity of violence operative in contemporary discourses and demonstrate the inherent tendency that aestheticized ideology has for applauding cruelty and force.
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Prior, Michael. "The State of the Art: Biblical Scholarship and the Holy Land". Holy Land Studies 1, nr 2 (marzec 2003): 192–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2003.0003.
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Studying the Bible in Jerusalem raises unique exegetical questions. The establishment of the state-for-Jews (Judenstaat) inevitably led to the expulsion of Arabs, while Jerusalem itself remains a major issue of the Israeli-Palestinian dispute. The conflict has international implications also, highlighted since 11 September 2001. The killings on that day precipitated the ‘War on Terrorism’ and the USA's ‘Civilizing Crusade’, with more to come. The ‘Christian Right’ in the US, with its characteristic interpretation of the Bible, has considerable influence over US policy. The establishment biblical academy, however, shows few signs of moral perturbation arising from the fact that the Bible is alleged to justify the political arrangements in the Holy Land. This article argues that biblical scholars, in addition to attending to the original contexts of the biblical authors, ought to engage in a moral evaluation of their writings, particularly those land traditions that continue to fuel violence, not least in the Land of the Bible itself. Biblical scholars have the moral responsibility to engage in real, contemporary issues with a view to helping construct a better world.
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Chilton, Phil. "‘Propaganda by the Deed’ in Theory and Practice". Journal of Applied History 1, nr 1-2 (14.02.2020): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10001.
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Abstract Many analysts of the ‘terrorism’ phenomena locate the desire to cause terror as a key definitional concept: terrorists seek to cause terror. Such a conception risks obscuring the motivations for the act of terrorism, it is committed purely to terrorise. The idea that this type of political violence is an act of ‘propaganda by the deed’, however, is one commonly applied by the perpetrators themselves. The anarchist ‘terrorists’ of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and contemporary ‘jihadists’ both understood their acts, at least in part, as propaganda by the deed. Beyond just the creation of terror propaganda by the deed can be used as an alternative conceptual vantage point to examine and understand the motivations that lie behind acts of terrorism and the material conditions that give rise to these acts.
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Sheraz, Muhammad, Usman Hameed i Zarfishan Qaiser. "A THREAT ASSESSMENT OF BIOTERRORISM FROM AL-QAIDA TO ISLAMIC STATE". Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, nr 03 (30.09.2021): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i3.239.
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The paper will focus on explaining the nature, extent and evolution of terrorism through the role of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and nuclear weapons (CBRN) such as Bio-Chemical Weapons (BCWs). It will further discuss the role of religious terrorist organizations, such as Al Qaeda and ISIS/Deash in re-defining terrorism in contemporary era by acquiring BCWs. Moreover, it will underscore the lethality and level of threat posed by BCW’s when employed by the non-state actors. Additionally, it will highlight various motivating factors including political, religious, and psychological which can act as a driving force for the terrorists and non-state actors to use BCWs. Lastly, it will suggest that a change in the means and methods of terrorism predominantly comprising of BCWs as a weapon of choice for the terrorists is on the cards and it is likely remaining the feature of international politics in the days and years to come if the international treaty regime on BCWS does not adequately address the phenomenon of non-state actors. Keywords: Terrorist Organizations, Bio-Chemical Weapons, Al Qaeda, Islamic State, Rational Actors, Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, Chemical Weapon Convention, CBRN.
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Matejić, Bojana. "Manipulating Memory and Mourning in Post-socialist Art". Monitor ISH 19, nr 2 (4.12.2017): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/1580-7118.19.2.23-48(2017).
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When it comes to global contemporary art practice, the present-day humanitarian discourse abounds in a variety of self-explanatory notions and imperatives such as: political art, community- based art, post-studio practices, participatory art, contextual art, socially engaged art, collaborative art, interactive art. It long ago became apparent that artistic practice can no longer revolve around producing objects for consumption by a passive audience, but must take an active part in interfacing with social reality. In perceiving the modality of a work of art and artistic practice, such a change goes hand in hand with the post-Fordist economic changes and the immaterial and flexible labour imperatives. Claire Bishop has already extensively depicted such artistic phenomena in several of her publications.
Since the early 90s, after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, we have been informed that we ought to be involved with the humanist struggle for the ‘politics of human rights’, and for ‘Art against terrorism’, or engaged with social groups and minorities with the aim of integrating them into a ‘legal sphere’ of life. The humanitarian/humanist imperative, present in everyday political discourse, art and culture, presupposes an opposition between good and evil, where art as a human, humanist and humanitarian activity, is supposed to assume a ‘responsible’ role. In the view of such rhetoric, Art must be ‘political’, ‘socially engaged’ and ‘participatory’, to the extent that it indicates the sharp distinction between the places of violence and those of justice. However, as Marx indicated so many times, the division between those who have the right to be seen (the ‘polis’, or public sphere) and those who do not have a right to a voice (private sphere), assents to social division as such, as well as a rather contingent ethical contraposition between good and evil. Humanitarianism/Humanism in art only affirms the existing democratic phraseology. The humanitarian/humanist regime of art validates a separation between civil society and the abstract society of political equality. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to trace the conceptual distinction between the humanitarian ideology of the current time in the post-socialist context of art and culture, and the thinking and practical application of the concept of the dehumanisation of art.
The manuscript consists of three parts: In the first part, I will recall Adorno’s thesis regarding the ‘after-Auschwitz’ ethic of representation; in the second part, I will discuss the controversy and the implementation of this thesis following 9/11 as related to culture; and finally, in the third part, I will address the issue of how this thesis, as the main current ideological weapon, conditions the contemporary state of affairs in the post-socialist spaces of art and culture, by indicating several key symptoms in artistic production.
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Downing, Lisa. "‘(S)extremism’: Imagining Violent Women in the Twenty-First Century with Navine G. Khan-Dossos and Julia Kristeva". Paragraph 43, nr 2 (lipiec 2020): 212–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2020.0333.
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The neologism ‘(s)extremism’ indicates a nexus of ideas intrinsic to the way in which contemporary culture imagines the figure of the violent woman. First, it identifies the sexism visible in reactions to such women; secondly, it highlights the fact that these misogynistic responses are often predicated precisely on sex (i.e. on assumptions about woman's biological function), not (only) on gender; thirdly, it highlights the question mark that hovers over the issue of what extremism is — especially when applied to women. To examine and theorize these ideas, the article moves beyond existing works in critical terrorism studies and looks to research-informed art installations by international artist Navine G. Khan-Dossos, with whom the author has collaborated, and to the writings of Julia Kristeva who explores the link between female ‘extremism’ and ‘exceptionality’, and describes how feminism itself is constituted with regard to the socio-symbolic order as a form of terroristic violence.
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Andrusyshyn, Julia, i Valeria Barannik. "INFORMATION TERRORISM AS A CONTEMPORARY THREAT TO THE INFORMATION SECURITY OF MAN, SOCIETY AND THE STATE". Information Security of the Person, Society and State, nr 31-33 (20.12.2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2021-(1-3)-1.
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The article discusses the content and characteristics of information terrorism as a threat to national and international security in contemporary circumstances. The relevance of the topic stems from the fact that information is currently considered a strategic resource, and deliberate manipulation of public opinion and the commission of terrorist acts to that end has become one of the most dangerous manifestations of hybrid confrontation in the contemporary international arena. Due to the impossibility of clear distinction with ordinary computer crimes and domestic manipulation in mass media, the concepts of «information terrorism» and «cyberterrorism» do not have a clear interpretation. Therefore, information terrorism is viewed in a broad sense (manipulation of public consciousness to create tension, instability, chaos aimed at achieving political or economic objectives in the interests of terrorists) and in narrow terms (cyberattacks on critical government infrastructure information systems to disable them, which can lead to economic, environmental and other disasters). The general characteristics of information terrorism (organized form of violence, psychological influence, drawing attention to a particular problem, demonstrative nature) are defined and specific characteristics inherent only in terrorist acts in the information sphere: (secrecy, size, synchrony, remoteness, internationality and publicity) are singled out. The methods of information terrorism are described, which are aimed at influencing people’s consciousness on a large scale and at imposing their will on society and State institutions through the use of disinformation, propaganda, diversification of public opinion, psychological pressure, rumours, manipulation, intimidation. The forms of information terrorism are described: in particular: information-psychological (media-terrorism) and information-technical (cyberterrorism). It is noted that media terrorism / media killer activity involves the organization of special media campaigns to create an atmosphere of civil disobedience, public distrust of the actions and intentions of the government and its law enforcement agencies by using a number of models of communicative influence (nationalist, religious, inciting model). Cyberterrorism is presented as a socially dangerous activity with the use of computers and telecommunication networks to harm or commit actions / threats that threaten society and lead to other serious consequences, through the use of the following methods: APT-attacks, malware, DoS / DDoS-attacks, unauthorized access, ransomware. It is summarized and concluded that today virtual space and mass media are widely used by various terrorist-oriented groups for their own purposes, because accessibility, the absence of censorship, the large potential audience of users, the speed with which information is disseminated and the complexity with which it is presented and received are all contributing to the spread of information terrorism in today’s world. The threat of terrorism through the use of media and cyberspace is a complex challenge of our time. The danger of such terrorism lies in the absence of geographical and national borders, since terrorist acts can be carried out from anywhere in the world, as well as in the difficulty of identifying the identity of the terrorist in the information space and establishing his whereabouts, because cyber and media attacks are carried out by hackers indirectly through the use of computer technology. Therefore, in view of the further development of technology and mass media, the issue of countering information terrorism will be particularly relevant.
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Okoro, O. Ike, i Nduka Lucas Oluka. "Weapons of Mass Destruction and Modern Terrorism: Implications for Global Security". Asian Social Science 15, nr 3 (28.02.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n3p1.
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The hazard of biological, chemical and nuclear materials, regarded as Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), intercalating the arsenal of terrorists is the biggest crime and challenge against humanity. Every such crime and challenge ought to be named appropriately; and state actors experiencing such owe it to their citizens to act speedily and with certainty against terrorists. Even with the on-going war on terrorism, there has been a surge in terrorist activities in some parts of the world. Terrorists in our contemporary age have also embraced startling trends in their operational mode since the 11 September 2001 fanatic attacks in New York and Washington D. C. The devastating effect of these twin attacks has raised global concern about the potential use of WMD by Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iran and Syria (ISIS), and their affiliate groups. One major issue of great concern in recent times, apart from the propensity of the terrorist organizations to acquire WMD, is the involvement of state actors that secretly acquire or claim to have acquired them for the purposes of electricity generation. Notably, too, is the trend in modern scientific and technological improvement which has increased the nature of, and access to, WMD. This research, therefore, attempts to access the implication and impact of WMD as terrorists put them to use. The study also examines the concept of terrorism and WMD. Also examined is the general implication of the use of WMD and the challenges this might pose to the international community, considering the current trends in their acquisition by some states and non-state actors. The investigation suggests appropriate counter-measures to thwart terrorists’ effort to acquire WMD. The study also adopted the qualitative approach of research to analyse the sophistication adopted by new terrorist groups particularly by the ISIS terrorist network; the al-Qaeda group and other splinter groups. Thus, historical research is most appropriate for this study, and secondary source of data was adopted as its methodology.
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Juan Pablo Angelone, Juan Pablo. "ENTRE DOS DEMONIOS Y TRES VIOLENCIAS: LA ADMINISTRACIÓN ALFONSÍN Y LOS SENTIDOS DE LA MEMORIA DEL TERRORISMO DE ESTADO EN LA ARGENTINA CONTEMPORÁNEA". Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos Humanos 26, nr 2 (19.05.2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rldh.26-2.5.
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Resumen Sostenida particularmente durante la presidencia de Raúl Alfonsín (1983-1989), la “teoría de los dos demonios es considerada la memoria hegemónica-dominante referida a la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina (1976-1983). A su vez, el Informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas (CONADEP) el “Nunca Más”, suele ser considerado una expresión de dicha memoria. Según nuestra hipótesis, el “Nunca Más” no suscribe la “teoría de los dos demonios” sino una memoria diferente aunque no antitética. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en caracterizar ambos conjuntos de representaciones con el fin de señalar las diferencias entre ellos. Nuestro corpus de análisis incluye como fuentes primarias los escritos y declaraciones de Alfonsín relativos al tema así como también el Prólogo del “Nunca Más” presentado en 1984. Dado que la autoría de este último es atribuida a Ernesto Sabato, presidente de la CONADEP, también se consideran algunas declaraciones del mencionado autor. Dichas fuentes primarias son históricamente contextualizadas a partir del uso de fuentes secundarias, dentro de las cuales incluimos el estado del arte relativo a la “teoría de los dos demonios”. Concluimos que si bien el planteo de Alfonsín y el Prólogo original del “Nunca Más” coinciden en el rechazo a la violencia como medio de expresión política, Alfonsín pone en un plano de igualdad a dos actores: el guerrillerismo izquierdista y el golpismo, mientras que el Prólogo critica tres modalidades de violencia: la guerrilla, el terrorismo paraestatal de derecha, actor no mencionado por Alfonsín, y el terrorismo dictatorial. Between two demons and three violences: Alfonsín’s administration and the senses of the state terrorism memory in contemporary Argentina Abstract Particularly held during Raul Alfonsín’s presidency (1983 – 1989), “the theory of the two demons” is considered the dominant-hegemonic memory referred to the last Argentine civic-military dictatorship (1976 – 1983). In turn, the report of the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (CONADEP)- “Nunca Más” (Never Again) is usually considered an expression of the aforesaid memory. According to our hypothesis, “Nunca Más” does not subscribe to the “theory of the two demons” but to a different memory – though not antithetical. The aim of the current paper consists of characterizing both groups of representations in order to point out the differences between them. Our corpus of analysis includes as main sources Alfonsín’s documents and statements concerned with the issue, as well as the “Nunca Más” prologue, presented in 1984. Some statements of Ernesto Sabato, CONADEP’s president, are also considered due to the fact that the authorship of the latter work mentioned has been attributed to him. Such primary sources are historically contextualized from the use of secondary sources, which within we include the state of the art relative to “the theory of the two demons”. We conclude that even though Alfonsín’s proposal and the original “Nunca Más” prologue coincide in the rejection of violence as a means of political expression, Alfonsín places in an equal position two actors – the left-wing guerrilla and the coup – while the prologue criticizes 3 violence modalities: the guerrilla, the right-wing semi-official terrorism – actor not mentioned by Alfonsín – and the dictatorial terrorism.
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Bachmann, Sascha-Dominik, i Peter Galvin. "Pre-Trial Detention and Control Orders Under British Anti-Terror Legislation Post 9/11: Balancing a Need for Security with the European Convention on Human Rights – An Overview". Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, nr 1 (1.02.2010): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i1.4494.
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Contemporary British anti-terror legislation has been characterised by an extensive use of extra-ordinary detention measures: the Terrorism Act 2000 and Terrorism Act 2006 contain provisions, which enable the extended pre-charge detention of terror suspects beyond the limits of normal criminal procedure. The now repealed provisions of Part IV of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 allowed the indefinite detention of foreign national terror suspects on a quasi-judicial basis. Its successor, the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, enables the use of Control Orders, effectively a form of house arrest characterised by restrictions on an individual’s liberty. In short, these measures have in common the extensive limitation of the individual’s right to liberty under Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Whilst the judiciary have curtailed the most abhorrent manifestations of such extraordinary measures, as detailed, the legal framework as it exists today, still raises ECHR compliancy issues. Legal reformation should be sought to end such an impasse by amending at the very least the statutory framework already in place. Ideally anti-terror detention provisions should be brought back within the sphere of criminal law and in compliance with the ECHR.La législation contemporaine anti-terroriste britannique a été caractérisée par l’utilisation considérable de mesures extraordinaires de détention : la Terrorism Act 2000 et la Terrorism Act 2006 contiennent des dispositions qui permettent la détention prolongée préalable à l’accusation de personnes soupçonnées de terrorisme au-delà des limites de la procédure criminelle normale. Les dispositions, maintenant abrogées, de la Partie IV de la Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 permettaient la détention indéfinie de ressortissants étrangers soupçonnés de terrorisme sur une base quasi-judiciaire. Son successeur, la Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, permet l’utilisation d’Ordonnances de contrôle, qui sont effectivement une forme de détention à domicile caractérisée par des restrictions sur la liberté d’un individu. En bref, ces mesures ont en commun de limiter considérablement le droit de l’individu à la liberté énoncé à l’Article 5 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Bien que l’appareil judiciaire ait restreint les manifestations les plus odieuses de mesures extraordinaires du genre, tel que détaillé, le contexte judiciaire tel qu’il existe aujourd’hui soulève encore des questions de conformité à la CEDH. Il faudrait préconiser des réformes juridiques pour mettre fin à une telle impasse, en modifiant tout au moins le cadre statutaire déjà en place. Idéalement, les dispositions de détention anti-terroristes devraient être ramenées dans la sphère du droit criminel et en conformité à la CEDH.
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Abdurrohman, Abdurrohman, i M. Zainul Asror. "Model Kebijakan Pendidikan Kebangsaan Bagi Mahasiswa Baru". Kaganga:Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora 4, nr 2 (19.12.2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/kaganga.v4i2.2967.
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The purpose of this research is to strengthen national insight and love for the homeland in new students in countering radicalism. The research method uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that the national education model applied to the Campus Life Program for New Students (PKKMB) is designed not with a pattern of indoctrination and upgrading but is dialogical, creative and innovative which is relevant to the character of today's millennial generation. The implementation of activities is classified into two domains; namely the scientific domain (mind) through critical-reflective scientific studies and the non-scientific domain (attitude) which contains elements of creativity, games and art. The conclusion of the study is that the national education model in order to support government policies through the National Action Plan for Combating Extremism (RAN-PE) in an effort to combat terrorism as part of the soft power approach in order to foster a sense of nationalism and love for the homeland among new students, is still a contemporary problem of nationality.
Keywords: New Student, Model, National Educatio, Policy
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Blackbourn, Jessie. "Counterterrorism legislation and far-right terrorism in Australia and the United Kingdom". Common Law World Review 50, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473779521989332.
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Over the past two decades, since the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States, a number of countries have enacted new laws tailored specifically to the threat posed by Islamic extremist terrorism. This includes recent legislation that has criminalised behaviour associated with ‘foreign terrorist fighters’, such as the act of travel to, or fighting in, foreign conflicts. This legislative response reflects the enactment of earlier laws, with measures designed for prior iterations of the contemporary Islamic extremist terrorist threat, such as control orders and preventative detention orders, prohibitions on extremist speech and disseminating terrorist propganda and the criminalisation of terrorist training. Yet despite the focus on Islamic extremist terrorism, this is not the only terrorist threat that Western democracies face. The rise of far-right terrorism in recent years has, however, not seen the same recourse to new legislation as has been the case for Islamic extremist terrorism. Using Australia and the United Kingdom as case studies, this article assesses the extent to which counterterrorism legislation has been used to deal with the particular threat posed by far-right terrorism. In doing so, it evaluates the lessons that might be learned from applying counterterrorism legislation designed for one particular terrorist threat to other types of terrorism.
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Cui, Xi, i Eric Rothenbuhler. "Communicating Terror: Mediatization and Ritualization". Television & New Media 19, nr 2 (23.06.2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417715685.
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In this essay, we explicate the internal logic of contemporary terrorist acts and our society’s responses, to denaturalize the label and meanings we give to “terrorism.” We argue that contemporary terrorism communicates intimidation, fear, and anxiety through the ritualization and mediatization of terrorist attacks. Mediatization refers to the strategic coercion of imperative media coverage of the attacks, and ritualization refers to the focus on sacred life structures in both terrorist attacks and remedial responses. In combining ritualization and mediatization, terrorism aims to introduce maximal chaos through unexpected disruption of the sacred and taken-for-granted in everyday life in the community of the attack and wherever media coverage can reach. The fear and anxiety induced by disrupted life rhythms, including normal media flows, and the compelling footage of the disruption lead to ritualized reactions which both restore and transform the social order beyond the moment of the attack.
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Kibalnik, Alexei, Pavel Volosyuk i Alexei Ivanov. "Criminal-Law Counteraction to Acts of Terrorism: Main Trends in Russian Research Dissertations (2010-2020)". Russian Journal of Criminology 15, nr 1 (9.03.2021): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(1).68-81.
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The threat of terrorism is and will, in the foreseeable future, remain highly urgent for all states and societies. In this connection, numerous problems (including criminal law ones) of counteracting terrorism attract close attention of both Russian and foreign researchers who work in various fields of knowledge. Russian dissertation theses of the past decade are dominated by the idea that acts of terrorism are specific threats to security and present a general (total) danger. It is becoming more and more common within the Russian doctrine to present formalized definitions of terrorism (terrorist activities) in its criminal law sense. On the other hand, a relatively new trend is the research of terrorism (terrorist activities) and its potential consequences within the framework of contemporary global threats, specifically, the analysis of the problem of terrorist activities in connection with the activities of international terrorist organizations. The authors stress that Russian researchers pay much attention to the emergence of potentially new terrorist threats (cyberterrorism, environmental terrorism) and develop counteraction measures. Research of specific manifestations of terrorism is focused on acts of terrorism, which are viewed as the «core» of all terrorist activities. On the other hand, legislative extension of the list of terrorist crimes became an object of close attention for Russian authors. A popular trend in criminal law research is analyzing assistance to terrorism, financing terrorism, public calls for performing acts of terrorism, public justification and propaganda of terrorism. One of the most widely discussed problems is that of criminalizing organized forms of terrorist activities (creation of terrorist groups and organizations, and participation in their activities) and criminalizing the act of international terrorism. A large-scale discussion was connected with the introduction of a norm that established the criminal character of failing to report a terrorist crime. The analysis of Russian dissertation theses devoted to various aspects of criminal law counteraction to terrorism (terrorist activities) of 2010–2020 shows that Russian and foreign research shares key trends. It is concluded that, in spite of some criticism of the corresponding clauses in criminal legislation, most Russian researchers support the hard-line approach to counteracting terrorism. This approach presupposes further strengthening of repressions for crimes of terrorism, reducing or eliminating the possibility of using incentive norms of criminal legislation towards persons who committed terrorist crimes.
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Miranda, Salvador. "Aesthetics and the semblance of the real in terroristic gameplay". Technoetic Arts 18, nr 2-3 (1.10.2020): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00041_1.
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‘Aesthetics and the semblance of the real in terroristic gameplay’ explores the recreation of terrorism and terrorist role-playing in gaming in a post 9/11 context. Drawing examples from contemporary games like Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, ARMA 3: Takistan, Insurgency: Sandstorm and SQUAD, games provide for surprisingly subjective explorations of terrorist role-playing and image-making. What does it mean to recreate these images of terrorism, so closely associated with propaganda from the War on Terror? This article looks at the phenomenon through the Lacanian notion of the real; that which cannot be reduced to the symbolic or semiotic. In particular, it looks at the aesthetic appeal of terroristic images and how these lead to their recreation. The article suggests that the virtual world of gaming provides a risk-free space to explore the taboo of terrorism while participating in the recreation of aesthetic media tropes. It further explores the idea of terrorism as the return of the Lacanian real and how terrorist gameplay can be understood as the re-enactment of the semblance of the real. This article draws from the author’s 2019 short film, Aim Down Sights.
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Ineji, Patrick, i Bibiana Ineji. "Reporting Terrorism in the era of Politics and Electioneering in Nigeria". NIU Journal of Social Sciences 9, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.58709/niujss.v9i3.1715.
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Terrorism is a serious global social phenomenon which has assumed a pandemic dimension. International bodies such as European Union and United Nations have expressed concern about phenomenal rise of terrorists’ activities with unanimous agreement that terrorism is a deliberate act by an individual or group against a country, its institution or its people. The study is anchored on Agenda setting and Framing theories of the media and relies on archival materials, extant literature and media reports in the contemporary Nigeria environment. Terrorism may be triggered by unfair treatment meted out to individual, groups, or institutions, poverty, unequal distribution and utilization of resources, oppression and suppression of the less privileged members or groups in society, etc. Reporting terrorism is a hard nut to crack on the part of the reporter who is entangled in the precarious terrain of the area of assignment and the media organization he/she is working for. The reporter sometimes finds himself/herself in a dilemma as he is faced with the task of reporting facts (not fiction) amid ensuring that the media organization is not offended. The priority of the reporter should be to get the fact of the story and present it in an unbiased and objective manner devoid of suspicion. The impact of terrorism on the citizenry is enormous. Aside the loss in human lives, it can damage its economic, political and social fabrics of the nation. At the professional plank, many journalists have lost their lives in the cause of reporting terrorist acts. The study recommends the reduction of poverty, inequality, promotion of justice and fairness and the rule of law, greater participation in governance, and improvement in intelligence gathering among others. Keywords: Terrorism, reportage, poverty, participatory governance, democracy.
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Sukhenko, Inna. "Fictionalizing Nuclear Terrorism in US Nuclear Fiction: James Reich’s Bombshell". EXtREme 21 Going Beyond in Post-Millennial North American Literature and Culture, nr 15 (Autumn 2021) (20.11.2021): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/pjas.15/2/2021.04.
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This paper studies the phenomenon of fictionalizing terrorism as a literary response to the violence paradigm within nuclear narrative from the perspective of nuclear awareness formation as a critical thinking product about the nuclear energy related issues within the Nuclear Anthropocene. Focusing on James Reich’s Bombshell (2013), the paper goes beyond literary critical analysis of exploring the ways of fictionalizing the sociopolitical and psychic motives and ideas behind an act of terrorism. The paper highlights the factual component of the literary figurations of terrorism and terrorist activities in nuclear fiction, which is regarded here not only as a factor of weakening the apocalyptic rhetoric of nuclear narrative by transforming its “fabulously textual” nature, but mainly as a trigger of shaping public awareness and knowledge management on nuclear history and nuclear industry with a view to considering the possible patters of nuclear terrorism within the contemporary nuclear agenda.
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Wiśniewski, Remigiusz, i Sylwia Gwoździewicz. "PREVENTIVE ANTI-TERRORIST ACTIONS IN THE POLISH SCHOOL". International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 6, nr 2 (31.12.2019): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7421.
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Observing the events and crises that occur around the world in schools, there is a question: Do schools in Poland, apart from the organizational, program and legal changes, consider creating and strengthening the safety of children and young people? Especially with the exposure of new threats that may appear, defined as terrorism. After the analysis, it can be concluded that Polish schools do not teach children how to behave in the event of a terrorist threat. Preparation depends on many factors, including mainly anti-terror awareness, which depends primarily on properly organized and conducted educational and legislative activity of the state. In the presented article, the authors distinguished and characterized (author's approach) a picture of contemporary school reality in the discussed area, especially legal - development - educational contexts in which changes should occur. In the legal area, the analysis included regulated provisions of the Act of 10 June 2016 on anti-terrorist activities (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 796), the Act of 1 March 2018 on counteracting money laundering and financing of terrorism (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1115) and the Act of 26 April 2007 on crisis management (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 139) whether they may be applicable in the discussed issues. Bearing in mind that the safety of citizens, and thus of children and young people, is a timeless problem, it should be postulated that educational institutions in Poland should as soon as possible introduce new curricula for anti-terrorism prophylaxis into their curricula.
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Mouflard, Claire. "The Digital Griotte: Bessora’s Para/Textual Discourses on Identity Politics and Neocolonialism in Contemporary France". Humanities 8, nr 1 (1.01.2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8010002.
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This article examines Bessora’s literary and digital criticism of postcolonial France, particularly in her first novel, 53 cm, and on her website, Tendre peau de vache. Bessora’s use of digital media in particular allows her to chronicle unofficial discourses on immigration, migration, and identity politics in France as alternative textual productions to her printed novels. Since there is a gap in academic studies regarding author websites and their contents, this study aims to start a conversation on the discursive function of an author’s digital textual productions. Following Jean Baudrillard’s theory in The Spirit of Terrorism according to which a terrorist act is successful when it distances itself from the real and exalts itself in the realm of the symbolic, this article argues that Bessora’s digital discourses on the post-Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack effectively denounce the disappearance of the real in French culture in favor of ideals such as the #jesuischarlie movement. From the publication of 53 cm in 1999 to her commentaries on France’s alienation of the lowest socio-economic class in Le Testament de Nicolas (2016), the self-proclaimed griotte’s print and digital productions complement each other and bring the reader closer to an understanding of institutional neocolonialist practices in France.
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Márquez Roa, Ubaldo. "ACERCAMIENTO AL TERRORISMO (AN APPROACH TO TERRORISM)". Universos Jurídicos, nr 18 (8.06.2022): 75–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uj.vi18.2626.
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Resumen: El presente artículo se encuentra dividido en cinco apartados que permiten que su lectura y comprensión sea mucho más amigable. Es interesante y entender que el tema del terrorismo es un tema de naturaleza dinámica y cambiante, en el artículo se estudiara los diferentes tipos de terrorismo que existe y el impacto que ha tenido en el establecimiento de los estados de seguridad pública, así como la afectación a los derechos humanos de las personas y los regímenes jurídicos en los cuales se tipifica esta figura. Abstract: This article is divides into five sections that allow its reading and understanding to be much more user-friendly. It is interesting to understand that the issue of terrorism is a dynamic and changing issue, the article will study the different types of terrorism that exist and the impact it has had on the establishment of states of publica security as well as the impact to the human rights of persons and the legal regimes in which this figure is typified. Fuentes de consulta: Arendt H. (2006) Sobre la revolución, Madrid: Alianza. Báez Corona, J. F. (2015). El realismo mágico jurídico (recreación legal de una ficción literaria con especial referencia a Latinoamérica). Justicia. (28), 15-31. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/just.20.28.1032 Báez, J. (2021). Tradición contra innovación en los modelos de formación jurídica universitaria en México. Revista de Derecho. (56). 137-153. https://dx.doi.org/10.14482/dere.56.340 Bakke E. (2015) Terrorism and Conterterrorism studies, comparing theory and practice, Netherlands, Leiden University Press. Bobbio N. (2004) Estado, Gobierno y Sociedad por una teoría general de la política, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica. Caillois R. (1973) La cuesta de la guerra (trad.) Rufina Bórquez, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica. Coteño Muñoz A. (2018) “Terrorismo individual los atentados perpetrados por actores solitarios” Eunomía. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, número 15 Madrid, Universidad Carlos III. Donner, F. (2007) “Fight for God- But Do So with Kindness: Reflections on War, Peace, and Communal Identity in Early Islam”. In War and Peace in the Ancient World, Oxford. Blackwell. Durham M. (2000) The Christian right, the far right and the Boundaries of American Conservatism. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Dworkin R, (2013) “Foreword”, in Extreme Speech and Democracy, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Essig, C. (2001). Terrorism: Criminal Act of Act of War? Implications for National Security in the 21st Century. Pennsylvania: US Army War College. Foucault, M. (2009) Historia de la sexualidad 1. La voluntad de saber, México, Siglo XXI. Friedman B, H., Harper J, Preble C. (2010) Terrorizing ourselves. Why U.S. Counterterrorism Policy is Failing and How to Fix It. Washington D.C. Instituto Cato. Gallego, C. (2012). El concepto de seguridad jurídica en el Estado social. Revistas jurídicas. Vol 2, Núm 9, Recuperado de http://juridicas.ucaldas.edu.co/downloads/Juridicas9(2)_6.pdf Griset, P. L., Mahan, S. (2003) Terrorism in perspective, United States of America. Sage Publications Inc. González Calleja, E. (2013). El Laboratorio del Miedo, Madrid, Crítica. Habermas J. (1998) Derechos humanos y soberanía popular. Las versiones liberal y republicana, en Rafael del Águila, Fernando Val, Madrid, Alianza Habermas J. (1994) La desobediencia civil, piedra de toque del Estado democrático de Derecho, en Ensayos políticos, Barcelona, Península. Heydar S. (2017) Islamic Peace Ethics. Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought. United States of America, Baden-Baden: NomosAschendorff Verlag. Hoffman B., Howard R. (2011) Terrorism and counterterrorism: Understandin the new security environment readings and interpretations: 4a eth, United States of America, Mcgraw-Hill. Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press. Jackson, R, et al., (2011) Terrorism. A Critical Introduction, New York, Palgrave Macmillian Jassies N. (2009) Mrinus Van Der Lubbe y el incendio del Reichstag. Trad., García Velasco C., España, Editorial Alikornio. Jellinek G (1954) Teoría Geenral de los Estados. Trad. Fernando de los Ríos. Buenos Aires, ed. Albatroz. Jenkins, B.M. (1975), "International Terrorism: A New Mode of Conflict", in Garitón D, y Schaerf C. Internactional Terrorism and World Security, Londres, Cromm Helm. Johnston, T. D. (1981). Selective costs and benefits in the evolution of learning. En J. S. Rosenblatt, R .A. Hinde, C. Beer y M. C. Busnel (Eds.). Advances of the study of behavior. New York: Academic Press Kilpatrick J (2020) Quand un état d’urgence temporarire devient permanent, le cas de la France. París, Transnational Institute. Khadduri, M. (1955) War and Peace in the Law of Islam. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press. Kyrou, A. (2012). L’imaginaire des Anonymous, des luddites à V pour Vendetta. 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(2018) Colombia Las autodefensas en Michoacán, México: ¿rescate de la ciudadanía ante la violencia? Revista Opinión Jurídica, Universidad de Medellín, Vol. 17, Núm. 33 Placido A. P., y Perkins L K. (2010) Drug Trafficking violence in México implications for the United States. Washington D.C. U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control Departmente of Justice Poczynok, I. (2019). Fuerzas armadas y contraterrorismo. Apuntes para renovar un “debate crónico” en la Argentina. Revista Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia Y Seguridad, vol. 2, Núm. 14 Poland J. (2004) Understanding Terrorism: Groups, Strategies and responses. New York. Pretince Hall. Rawls J (1999) La justificación de la desobediencia civil, en Justicia como equidad. Materiales para una teoría de la justicia, Madrid, Tecnos. Reinares, F y García-Calvo, C. (2016) Estado Islámico en España. Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano. Rivas, P., y Rey, P. (2008) Las autodefensas y el paramilitarismo en Colombia (1964-2003), Bogotá, CON Fines. Rapoport, D. (2004). “The four waves of modern terrorism”. En Audrey, C. y James, L. Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy. Washington D.C. George town University Press Rodley N. (1985) International Human Rights Law, dans Evans, M. D, International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Reitberger M (2013) “License to kill: is legitimate authority a requirement for just war? in International Theory, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 5, Issue 1. Robespierre Maximilien (2005) Por la felicidad y por la libertad, discursos. España, El viejo topo. Rousseau J. J., (2013) Discurso sobre el origen y fundamento de la desigualdad entre los hombres, Madrid, Calpe. Tinnes J. (2020) Bibliography: Defining and Conceptualizing Terrorism Compiled PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 6, The Netherlands Universiteit Leiden. recuperado de https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/perspectives-on-terrorism/archives/2020#volume-xiv-issue-6 Toboso Buezo M. (2020) Colección Segmentos de Seguridad Terrorismo y antiterrorismo. España. Institut de Seguretat Pública de Catalunya.. Saint Thomas Aquinas (2003) On law, morality and Politics, translated by Regan Richard United States of America, Hackett publishing company. Sinai, J. (2008) “How to Define Terrorism”, Perspectives on Terrorism, Journal of the Terrorism Research Initiative and the Center for Terrorism and Security Studies, The Netherlands, Universiteit Leiden, Vol. 2, No.4, recuperado de http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/33/html Skinner, B. F. (1953) Science and human behavior. New York, The Macmillan Company. United States Department of State. (2004) Patterns of Global Terrorism 2003 Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. Valadés D. (1974) La dictadura constitucional en América Latina, México, UNAM. Walther T C., Höhn A., (2020) El ejército alemán y sus graves problemas con la ultraderecha. DW noticiero recuperado de https://www.dw.com/es/el-ej%C3%A9rcito-alem%C3%A1n-y-sus-graves-problemas-con-la-ultraderecha/a-54044495 Wallace, D. (2008). Combatiendo el terrorismo bajo las leyes de la guerra. Military Review Hispan-American, Vol. 88, Issue 2 Weber M. (1986) El político y el científico. (trad) Francisco Rubio Llorente, Madrid, Alianza Editorial.
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Rousso, Henry. "The French Museum and Memorial of Terrorism: Memory, History, Justice". South Central Review 40, nr 2-3 (czerwiec 2023): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scr.2023.a915863.
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Abstract: The project for a French Museum and Memorial of Terrorism (MMT) was launched in 2018-19. It is expected to open in 2027. Since the outset, it has maintained a particular connection with the world of French justice. This is the result of a strong concern on the part of public authorities with the victims in general, a matter in France of the ministry of justice. This concern found an expression in the recent big trials of the perpetrators and accomplices of Islamist terrorist attacks carried out in France since 2012. Finally, the museological choices that have been made in constituting the collection of the MMT has also benefitted from the unprecedented and privileged resources made available to it: testimonies, pieces of evidence, judicial documents, images of the hearings, etc. As a result, the project of the MMT offer a new example of the tight links between memory, history, and justice in French contemporary society.
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Liszkowska, Dominika. "Cyberterrorism as a Contemporary Threat to the Security of the State and Society". De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności 9, nr 2 (13.04.2024): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/dsd.2023.02.09.
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The phenomenon of globalization, the development of technology, and the widespread use of the Internet have led to the creation of a digital space for information processing and exchange. Currently, it is used by various users, including public institutions, private companies, and individual users who have access to the network at home and on private electronic devices. Cyberspace protection has therefore become one of the main strategic goals in the security area of every states. Ensuring it depends mainly on the creation of effective mechanisms for preventing and combating threats on the Internet. The aim of this article is to present the issue of cyberterrorism as one of the main threats to the security of society and the state in cyberspace. With the development of the Internet, terrorists have new opportunities to act, regardless of where they are at any given time. Therefore, the article attempts to define the concept of cyberterrorism and the possible applications of this form of activity on the Internet. An important aspect has become the analysis of the benefits of using cyberspace for terrorist groups, including in terms of the radicalization of young people.
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Akande, Kazeem Babatunde, Julius Adebowale Makinde i Mohammed Olanrewaju Ibrahim. "Dynamics of Terrorism in Contemporary Society for Effective Management". International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2022 (10.05.2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9056841.
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In the contemporary world, the effect of faith in religion cannot be underestimated or overemphasized. In the olden days, traditional religion/faith of a particular locality was the only practice obtainable; however, new faiths emerged and are being absorbed in recent times. Extremism in the newly absorbed faith began to cause the indigenous religion to collapse and increase violence against innocent ones. This paper investigated the interaction between the extremism of faith leading to the act of terror and a susceptible individual (members of the society) to guide the policymakers and decision implementers to embrace the proposed model for counterterrorism for effective management of the insurgency. Mathematical modelling of epidemiology was conceptualized for the model formulation, and the resulting autonomous differential equations were critically analyzed with the Lipschitz condition, next generation matrix, and Bellman and Cooke’s criteria for the management of insurgency in the society. Thresholds were obtained to curtail recruitment into the fanatical groups, and the results of the simulated proposed model identified critical factors (parameters) to be considered for the complete eradication of violence in human society.
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Bobkier, Robert, i Piotr Herman. "The sicarii. The course of the attack of ancient terrorists from a contemporary analytical perspective". Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje 43, nr 43 (1.07.2023): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9663.
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The authors claim that contemporary international terrorism differs a little from the acts of violence that took place in ancient history. Such an example of the use of political terrorism was Sicarii, a Jewish sect operating in Palestineand Egypt in the years 66-73 CE. Almost all information about this group comes from Flavius Josephus, a Roman historian of Jewish origin. The term sicarii itself has a Latin etymology and means murderers or assassins. It appeared in legal Latin in 81 BCE together with the Act Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis, which was one of the first legal regulations in the field of serious organized crime. The Sicarii, however, fought in their own country with the intention of liberating it from the rule of a foreign power, Rome. Using the available source materials, the authors analyzed a typical attack made by Sicarii and confronted it with the achievements of modern forensics and experience in the field of secret services. This made it possible to establish the conditions that had to be met for such an attack. To take place to effectively use terrorism for political struggle by the Sicarii.
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Mutawali, Mutawali. "Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘a as the Foundation of Islamic Moderation: Theo-Philosophical Insight against Extreme Religious Ideology". Ulumuna 27, nr 1 (15.07.2023): 341–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v27i1.560.
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The emergence of neo-Khawarij groups in the contemporary world has attracted domestic and international attention. These groups have shown a propensity for growth, as evidenced by the increasing number of terrorist attacks in the form of suicide bombings carried out in the name of Islam. Such acts of terror have led to Islam being labeled as a religion of hate, bigotry, and terrorism. Through the analysis of Maqāṣid al-sharī‘a in understanding Islamic texts, in this study, Islamic Moderation is proposed as a paradigm to reduce the penetration of radical ideology in religion. This study proposes the adoption of moderate Islam as a paradigm for countering the spread of radical ideologies within the religion. To this end, this paper begins with an overview of the references used by radical groups and the acts of terror they have committed. It then advocates for the importance of Maqāṣid al-sharī‘a in understanding Islamic texts. It offers the concept of moderate Islam as a precautionary measure for mitigating the penetration of radical ideologies.
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Ducey, Joanna. "Between Transmission and Silence: Recovering Harki Memories in The Art of Losing". University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series 11, nr 1 (październik 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/ubr.11.1.2.
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Alice Zeniter’s 2017 novel The Art of Losing, translated recently by Frank Wynne from French to English, explores how buried histories resurface and haunt generations to come, despite national efforts to ignore, if not minimalize, the enduring impacts of colonialism, independence struggles and exile. Set in contemporary France in the wake of the 2015 terrorist attacks, and loosely inspired by Zeniter’s own family history, the book follows Naïma, a young woman of Algerian decent who grapples with a largely unknown and misconstrued harki heritage. Drawing on Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory, this article investigates intergenerational transmission of memory, trauma, and silence around themes such as war, exile and integration.
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Smith, Marquard. "Observance, Notes towards Decipherability". Journal of Visual Culture 17, nr 1 (kwiecień 2018): 68–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412918772462.
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Provoked by the terrorist-related murders in England that marked the spring and summer of 2017, I have felt compelled to write this article on the idea of observance (observe, care, follow, obey). I engage with this idea in the context of our contemporary Memory Industry – that confluence of memorialization, remembrance and commemoration culture; Memory Studies and Trauma Studies; tangible and intangible heritage; digital memory and media archaeology; and its series of facing-backwards-to-go-forwards impulses (the archival impulse, the genealogical impulse and the archaeological impulse). Through the Contemporary’s prism, I deploy observance as a rejoinder to the seeming irreconcilability between, on the one hand, the incomprehensibility of the Shoah and, on the other hand, the prevalence of its rendering in figurative and abstract memorials, literature, art and film; and by way of dark tourism, Shoah selfies and genealogy websites. I propose that, because of its assorted senses, as a grievable moment observance may be a way of negotiating (without necessarily wanting or needing to reconcile) such irreconcilability. I argue that this is possible because of how observance (observing a minute’s silence, for instance) as a (secular, vernacular) performative action somehow opens up a space of the imagination that might lead, for good and ill, to a decipherability all the more necessary in our interminable state of exception that is the Contemporary.
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Yakhyaev, Mukhtar Yakhyaevich. "Shaheed Practice in Islam and Shaheedism in the Contemporary World". Islamovedenie 12, nr 2 (2.06.2021): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2021-12-2-19-33.
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Due to the lack of rational understanding, the religious phenomena shaheed, shaheed practice, shaheedism still remain mysterious. They are often used by radical Islamists and agents of interna-tional terrorism as religious justification for murderous attacks carried out by suicide bombers. In the article, the essence of shaheed practice is derived from the fact that a Muslim becomes a shaheed in order to exchange his earthly life for eternal existence on the path of jihad as a means of strengthen-ing faith in the One Allah in himself and in other people. At the same time, it is important that only the Muslim who, under specific conditions, by objective necessity, is ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of his faith, can claim the status of a martyr. Death in pursuit of worldly blessings or sui-cide as an arbitrary act that corrects the predetermined individual destiny of a person and is a crimi-nal refusal to obey the will of the Almighty, does not turn the one, who left the earthly world, into a shaheed of Islam. The author also denies the identity of Islamic shaheed practice with shaheedism as its transformed form. Such identification is a result of a deliberate transformation of a religious phe-nomenon into a means of solving current military-political problems and a manifestation of the ide-ology of justifying terrorism and the suicidal behavior of individual believers.
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Lendvai, Gergely Ferenc, i Gergely Gosztonyi. "Online Platforms and Legal Responsibility: A Contemporary Perspective in View of the Recent U.S. Developments". Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 18, nr 1 (29.06.2024): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mujlt2024-1-5.
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This paper critically examines the relevance of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act in the context of recent United States Supreme Court rulings, specifically Twitter v. Taamneh and Gonzalez v. Google. The Supreme Court ruled in 2023 that determining the extent of CDA230’s immunity lies with legislators, not the judiciary. This study explores the potential liability of algorithms in supporting terrorism and the implications for European regulations under the Digital Services Act. Findings indicate that while CDA230 has fostered internet growth, it also challenges content regulation. The United States approach contrasts with the European Union’s more explicit service provider responsibilities, suggesting a need for legislative updates to balance free expression with the control of harmful content.
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Sturm, Brian. "How “Safe” Should Libraries Be?" North Carolina Libraries 63, nr 1 (15.05.2008): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v63i1.63.
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Contemporary American society seems fraught with concern over our lack of “safety” – whether in the form of national security (USAPATRIOT Act, fighting terrorism internally and abroad, building the nation’s economic underpinnings, etc.) or individual security (identitytheft, Child Internet Protection Act, criminal background checks available online, etc.). We are both fascinated and frightened by the growing global community and the global information infrastructure, and we are struggling to find our place in it: individually, socially, ethically, and legally. Safety has turned from an American assumption into the consuming American question, and this change is transforming our culture, for good and for ill.
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Phillips, Ben. "The Sozonov Case, 1910: The Making of a Russian Revolutionary Martyrology". Slavonic and East European Review 102, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 126–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/see.00006.
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Abstract: On the night of 27 November (10 December) 1910, the Socialist-Revolutionary terrorist Egor Sozonov, renowned as the assassin of Minister of the Interior Viacheslav von Pleve in July 1904, committed suicide in his Siberian prison cell in protest at the use of corporal punishment against his fellow political prisoners. News of Sozonov’s death provoked an outcry across Russia: it was accompanied by questions in the Duma, widespread and hagiographical coverage in the liberal and revolutionary press, and student protests in the major university towns (and, conversely, by barely concealed joy from the Black- Hundredist right). This article serves two purposes. First, it reconstructs, in as much detail as the evidence allows, the events surrounding Sozonov’s death, which (despite their infamy at the time) have up to now received little scholarly attention and remain, to some extent, shrouded in mystery. Secondly, it explores how these events came to serve as the basis of a revolutionary martyrology — originally promoted by the SRs, and later appropriated by the Bolsheviks after 1917 — that glorified Sozonov as a ‘just assassin’, persecuted by a despotic government, who had ultimately sacrificed his own life in order that others might live. The article situates Sozonov’s death in the wider political, social and cultural context of the time, considering it in relation to contemporary discourses on suicide (as a transcendentalist political act), corporal punishment (long regarded as the gravest imaginable insult to the dignity of educated Russians), the ‘moral economy’ of revolutionary terrorism and the quasi-religious mythologies of the revolutionary underground.
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Dobovšek, Zala. "The Marko Brecelj Golden Series". Maska 34, nr 196 (1.09.2019): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.34.196-197.116_5.
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The article reflects upon the four-act performance It Was My Pleasure More than Once, places it in the wider context of Brecelj’s engagement and questions the contemporary effects of such activism and the policy of persevering. Brecelj’s soft-terrorist actions, continuous candidacies for the mayor of Koper and interventions enter complex relationships of artistic expression and legislation. He embodies the autonomous idea of sustainable performance, permanent rebellion and continuous usurpation of space.
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Bobkier, Robert, i Piotr Herman. "Sicarii by Flavius Josephus. Premodern terrorists or the founding myth of modern Israel?" Res Politicae 13 (2021): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/rp.2021.13.08.
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Contemporary international terrorism differs a little from the acts of violence that took place in ancient history. The first known example of the use of political terrorism was Sicarii, a Jewish sect operating in Palestine and Egypt in the years 66–73 CE. Virtually all information about this group comes from Flavius Josephus, a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader. The term sicarii itself has a Latin etymology and means murderers or assassins. It comes from the word sica, meaning dagger. It appeared in legal Latin in 81 BCE together with the Act Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis, which was one of the first legal regulations in the field of serious organized crime. The Sicarii, however, fought in their own country with the intention of liberating it from the rule of a foreign power, Rome. To this day, it remains unresolved whether the Sicarii and Zealots belonged to the same political group that used terrorism for political purposes: killings, arson, poisoning water supplies, and even the seizure of the mountain fortress of Masada, ending in mass suicide. And the myth of the desperate courage of the defenders of Masada became the glue of the national consciousness of the citizens of the modern state of Israel.
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Crosby, Emilye, i Judy Richardson. "The Voting Rights Act beyond the Headlines". Southern Cultures 30, nr 1 (marzec 2024): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scu.2024.a922019.
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Abstract: This article introduces readers to the ongoing African American struggle for full voting rights from Reconstruction to the present. It explains some of the significant ways white supremacists (mis)used the legal and political system, along with violence and economic terrorism, to suppress the Black vote. The essay gives particular attention to the collective work of African Americans to secure voting rights during the modern Civil Rights Movement, with a focus on the organizing work of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), mentored by Ella Baker. While many people give well-known leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and President Lyndon Johnson credit for the Voting Rights Act of 1965, SNCC workers immersed themselves in communities for bottom-up organizing to demand the vote and make it impossible for the country to continue to ignore the violent suppression of Black rights. The article concludes with contemporary voting rights challenges.
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Lahcen, Ait Idir. "“Otherized” Migrants in Contemporary Australia: Reflections from Michael Ahmad’s The Tribe (2014)". IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies 8, nr 2 (30.12.2023): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijcs.8.2.05.
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This article provides a close reading of Michael Mohamed Ahmad’s The Tribe (2014), a Lebanese-Australian novel, which proffers perspectives on the experiences of racialized and ethnicized communities, namely Arab-Australian Muslims, who are subjected to anti-Arab racism and discrimination. The Tribe invokes different images of hostility against immigrants and their children in Australia. It studies these forms of racism and discrimination against immigrants of the Lebanese background in public spaces. Related, the question of linguistic terrorism is also discussed. This racism prompts us to ask questions about any Australian “multicultural approach”.
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Ahmad, Jared. "Serving the same interests: The Wood Green ricin plot, media–state–terror relations and the ‘terrorism’ dispositif". Media, War & Conflict 12, nr 4 (16.11.2018): 411–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635218810922.
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This article analyses the representations of terrorism that arise out of the BBC’s coverage of the Wood Green ricin plot (2003), the first instance of al-Qaeda-related activity in the UK during the ‘war on terror’. Inspired by the work of Michel Foucault, the article suggests that the BBC’s representations form part of an emergent ‘terrorism’ dispositif, or apparatus, which draws together seemingly disparate and antagonistic groups into a strategic, mutually-sustaining alliance. The analysis focuses on two weeks of BBC ‘News at Ten’ bulletins, alongside speeches and press releases issued by the Prime Minister and statements released by al-Qaeda’s leadership. In particular, the article suggests that the BBC’s representations inadvertently work to the advantage of elements within al-Qaeda and the British executive due to the fact that they portray the Wood Green events in ways that are tactically useful to both groups. As such, the article not only provides substantive new empirical insights into the way representations of terrorism were mobilized in the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, but also shows how Foucauldian concepts can provide creative and innovative analytical tools for understanding the dynamics of the contemporary media–state–terrorism relationship.
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Kerr, John. "The Art of Violent Protest and Crime Prevention". Arts 7, nr 4 (8.10.2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7040061.
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This article examines violent protest in art museums. There is a long history of art museums being used as sites of protest. As spaces full of meaning, they represent ideal locations for people to try to shape the present and the future. From peaceful demonstrations to terrorist attacks, the current risks of protest to art museums is high. Motivated by ideological, political and social reasons, these protests include those that specifically target art objects within the art museums, as well as others that use the sites as stages on which to protest. This article is based predominantly on secondary sources; however, it also uses empirical research data collected by the author during observation research at art museums in London in March 2017 and July 2017. The article begins by considering why art museums attract so many protests. It argues that as ‘sites of persuasion’, art museums can be battlegrounds on which people look to shape how society is constructed and perceived. It then examines contemporary and historical case studies in Brazil and the UK to help our understanding of violent protests and the challenges they pose to art museums. Following this, the article proposes that as art museums are important sites of persuasion, there must be more awareness of the threats they face from violent protests in order to shape crime prevention approaches. The article finishes by arguing that although protests can be highly problematic for people involved with art museums, the ongoing appeal of these spaces as sites of protest shows the significance of art museums as important locations of cultural meaning.
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Weiss, Meira. "The Body of the Nation: Terrorism and the Embodiment of Nationalism in Contemporary Israel". Anthropological Quarterly 75, nr 1 (2002): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2002.0022.
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Gammage, Marquita. "Pop Culture Without Culture: Examining the Public Backlash to Beyoncé’s Super Bowl 50 Performance". Journal of Black Studies 48, nr 8 (7.09.2017): 715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717729504.
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On February 7, 2016, Beyoncé took the stage of Super Bowl 50 as a featured artist during the halftime show. Immediately after, her performance was classified as an anti-American act of terrorism. The public took to social media, not in the usual fan craze, but to condemn and damn Beyoncé for her celebration of Black culture. This condemning is a reflection of the marginalized treatment of Black popular artists which prohibits them from speaking out on Black issues. Consequently, Black popular artists are forced to shed off their cultural identities in order to achieve and maintain mainstream/pop culture success. This article provides a detailed examination of Beyoncé’s celebration of Black culture and its aftermath, along with other contemporary Black popular artists and celebrities, and will highlight the contemporary damnation of Black entertainers. These analyses will create a foundation for challenging the race-neutral categorization of Black popular artists.
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Sumiala, Johanna Maaria, i Katja Valaskivi. "Introduction: Toward Hybrid Media Events of Terrorist Violence". Television & New Media 19, nr 2 (6.12.2017): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417747653.
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This is an introdcution to a special section in the journal in which we examine terrorism as a media event. The introduction reviews the classic works by Elihu Katz and Daniel and adds our own contemporary extension of their theories. It acknowledges the significance of temporality and related mnemonic patterns (Zelizer, Kraidy, in this introduction); networked, relational territorialities (Kraidy, in this introduction); and the discursive politics applied to categorize the violence in question (Hervik; Cui and Rothenbuhler; Price, in this introduction), but it also suggests a more detailed focus on the hybrid dynamics between actors, platforms, and messages which circulate during violent media events. The authors continue the debate on the complex relationship between media, event, and terror by introducing hybridity as yet another angle to this topical discussion.
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Babiński, Aleksander, Paweł Lubiewski i Daniel Kołnierowicz. "Ways of increasing the level of safety and security at locations proposed for World Youth Day 2016". Internal Security 8, nr 1 (30.01.2016): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20805268.1231509.
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The organisation of religious ceremonies involving an above average number of participants is a challenge, not only for the church authorities, but also for the civic authorities. Such a ceremony is XXIX World Youth Day. Events are planned for many places, including at Kraków-Balice Airport, in Częstochowa in the area of the Jasna Góra monastery, in Brzegi and in Błonia Park, Kraków. The locations that have been selected to enable the announced participation of millions of the faithful in the ceremonies, and the contemporary threats existing, including even that of terrorism, mean that there is a challenge to ensure the safety and security of the participants. Coping with this means that the legal framework for the formations responsible for security in the country, and the organisers’ security staff and volunteers functioning in this particular situation, need to be defined. Such a regulation is primarily the Act of 18 March 2016 on the special solutions adopted for the organisation of the visit of His Holiness Pope Francis in the Republic of Poland and World Youth Day - Kraków 2016. The article analyses the existing legal solutions and formulates observations which, when taken into account, will result in increased safety and security during World Youth Day. They concern: the participation of security staff, stewards and volunteers, and their powers to ensure order; identification of unacceptable behaviour and items that threaten order and security; prevention of unlawful and intentional use of unmanned mobile platforms; the risk of a terrorist threat; likely locations for an attempted attack and the possible methods which might be used. The considerations that make up the content of the article lead to the formulation of recommendations, which are presented as a summary.
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Ndoja, Davjola. "German National Socialist Black Metal: Contemporary Neo‑Nazism and the Ongoing Struggle with Antisemitism". History of Communism in Europe 10 (2019): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hce2019108.
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This paper is an exploration of the ideology of National Socialism in the work and activity of the German terrorist group and Black Metal band Absurd. Historians are divided—and many have criticized how postwar Germany dealt with denazification—, but the fact is that Nazi ideology has been part of the political and social spheres in Germany since then. Neo‑Nazism saw a revival especially in the first years after unification, which coincided with the beginning of Absurd’s story and career. Today, they hold the title of the National Socialist Black Metal act par excellence, with a 28‑year music career actively supporting and promoting Nazi ideology. Absurd makes a very interesting case study, since the band has played a key role in preserving and transmitting Nazi ideology, not just in Germany, but also worldwide.