Rozprawy doktorskie: „Construction standards”

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Metlen, Tate. "LEED Construction and Performance Standards Mission Accomplishment". Thesis, Old Dominion University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42451.

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CIVINS Capstone Report
CIVINS
The general focus of this project is on the current state of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building requirements and mission statement accomplishment. The report includes the background, requirements, and performance of LEED certified buildings, and identifies key issues with the current system. In particular, the report explores the failure of buildings construct to LEED standards to achieve the advertised energy savings. Solutions and avenues to implementation of the solutions are then offered.

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Hager, Cassandrea Jane. "Developing standards for undergraduate university construction education internship programs". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2294.

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Personally observed variability among construction education internship programs prompted this investigation. The schools of construction that form the Associated Schools of Construction (ASC) encourage its members to provide curricula that produces qualified professionals for the construction industry. There is agreement within ASC that a practical component along with classroom curriculum is needed for construction students?? education (Senior, 1997). Although construction programs have different ways of accomplishing this experiential component, most do have some sort of internship or cooperative program (Chapin, et al., 2003). Construction internships vary greatly from one program to the next ?? in length, supervision, academic deliverables, and whether credit is earned. No common set of internship field experience standards or best-practices guidelines have been developed for construction education. This study was divided into three subproblems. Subproblem One describes the status of construction internship programs currently administered in selected American undergraduate universities. Subproblem Two identifies elements that students, companies and schools perceive to support valuable, satisfying internship experiences. And, Subproblem Three incorporates findings from Subproblems One and Two to identify common elements to provide a structure for construction internship programs, in order to develop a set of guidelines for construction education internship programs. Three constituencies were surveyed: 1) university undergraduate construction programs, 2) construction companies, and 3) students of the respective construction programs. The school survey utilized ASC membership rosters to survey 91 schools, with 56 participating (62%). The company survey randomly sampled 200 of the Top 400 U.S. Construction Companies listed in Engineering News Record??s ENR Sourcebook 2003, with 75 participating (37.5%). The student survey had 31 students from eleven schools in nine different states voluntarily participate. Univariate analyses on only one variable at a time served to describe the survey population, and by extension, the population from which the sample was selected. The data were analyzed utilizing frequency percentages and summary averages including mode and mean. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that a set of ??best-practices?? guidelines were needed for construction education internship programs. A set of best practices guidelines for developing construction education internship programs are provided.

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Lettis, Sally. "On the construction of statistical standards for human growth". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328453.

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Schrapers, Manuel. "Applying standards, guidelines and methods in construction project management". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1253601.

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This dissertation scrutinizes the application of various standards, guidelines and methods in construction project management, and examines the use of such methods, tools and applications. Even though the availability of literature in the context of PM is extensive there has not been an adequate focus on applied project management with a specific interest in the constructing project management. This study describes the experiences gathered by the interviewees who are experienced construction executives and also discusses how they have managed their projects. The reason for the selection of a subjective, descriptive and phenomenal research approach is described and the advantages for this philosophical stance are also mentioned in the thesis. The question that emerges is in regards with how the construction managers accomplish any given project and how they ‘live' their PM. Hence, this study investigated the relevance of PM for managers working on construction projects. Various techniques, methods and procedures which were not included in the literature were highlight by the participants. There are studies available, mainly empirical, in the context of applied PM methods and the results of these studies do not correspond with the findings of this research. Another finding is that, in general, from the responses received, it is clear that PM certification programmes provide limited value to an experienced construction manager. Further results were summarized in the findings and result chapter of this work.

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Olayé, Ralph Ajéran 1975. "Sensitivity of infrastructure performance to initial design and construction standards". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43523.

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Hägglund, Maria. "Parking standards in Stockholm". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147639.

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Maradza, Energy Nyasha. "Adaptation of industry BIM process standards in a large construction firm". Thesis, University of Reading, 2015. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/69851/.

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Yu, Autumn Chau Sheung. "The construction of low cost budget standards and their use in assessing the living standards of families on low income". Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359307.

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Samman, Tamim Abdulhadi. "Indeterminate reinforced concrete frames subjected to inelastic cyclic deformation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184307.

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Four full-size statically indeterminate reinforced concrete frames with two symmetrical bays were tested to obtain sufficient data to evaluate the adequacy of the current ACI-ASCE Committee 352 design recommendations, as well as to determine whether a relaxation of some of the limits in these guidelines can be justified. Each specimen contained three 8.5-foot-long columns, connected at mid-height by two 9-foot-long beams. Initially, a constant axial load was applied to each column. The specimens were then subjected to a displacement-controlled loading schedule to simulate the type of displacements a frame may experience during a severe earthquake. In designing the specimens, the latest recommendations of the ACI-ASCE Committee 352 and the ACI building code ACI 318-83 were satisfied except for the following modifications: (1) the flexural strength ratio (M(R)) in the second specimen was reduced from 1.4 to 1.2, (2) the shear-stress factors (γ) in the joints of the third specimen were increased from 12 and 15 to 15 and 20 for the exterior and interior joints respectively, and (3) the number of the transverse reinforcements inside the right exterior joint in the fourth specimen was reduced from 4 to 2 sets of hoops. The conclusion inferred from the results indicate that for drift levels within the elastic range, the elongations and the rotations of the beam regions near the faces of the columns, in addition to the joint shear strains, were not affected by the design values for the primary variables in the last three specimens. For larger excursions into the inelastic range, the relaxation of the current Committee 352 design recommendations in the last three specimens not only showed a significant effect in reducing the elongations and the rotations of the beams, or in increasing the joint shear strains but led to lower energy dissipation of the specimens. Consequently, the current design guidelines by the ACI-ASCE Committee 352 yield statically indeterminate frames which exhibit sufficient ductility.

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Wiersma, Mark Edward. "Standards and benchmark tests for evaluating large scale manipulators with construction applications". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26265.

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Wade, Angela Mary. "Likelihood based methods for the construction of cross-sectional age related standards". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266037.

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Balderrama, Rafael J. "The social construction of compatibility : setting voluntary safety standards for agricultural tractors /". Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192006-115616/.

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Lam, Wai-lin. "The impact of ISO 9000 and quality assurance in construction with particular reference to suppliers /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?

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Menchel, Kfir. "Progressive collapse: comparison of main standards, formulation and validation of new computational procedures". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210452.

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Throughout recent history, famous records of building failures may be found, unfortunately accompanied by great human loss and major economic consequences. One of the mechanisms of failure is referred to as ‘progressive collapse’: one or several structural members suddenly fail, whatever the cause (accident or attack). The building then collapses progressively, every load redistribution causing the failure of other structural elements, until the complete failure of the building or of a major part of it. The civil engineering community’s attention to this type of event was first drawn by the progressive collapse of the building called Ronan Point, following a gas explosion in one of the last floors. Different simplified procedures for simulating the effects of progressive collapse can now be found in the literature, some of them described in detail. However, no extensive study can be found, in which these procedures are compared to more complete approaches for progressive collapse simulation, aiming at the comparison of the assumptions underlying them. To further contribute to the elaboration of design codes for progressive collapse, such a study would therefore be of great interest for practitioners.

All parties involved with the subject of progressive collapse are currently attempting to bridge the gap between the work done on the research front on the one hand, what can be considered as a fitting numerical model for regular industrial use on the other, and finally, the normalisation committees. The present research work aims at providing insight as to how the gaps between these poles may be reduced. The approach consists in studying the various hypotheses one by one, and gradually adding complexities to the numerical model, if they prove to be warranted by the need for sufficient accuracy. One of the contributions of the present work stems from this approach, in that it provides insight regarding the validity of the various simplifying assumptions. It also leads to the development of procedures which are kept as simple as possible, in an attempt to design them as best as possible for regular industrial use.

The objective of simplifying assumptions validation is pursued in Chapter 2. This chapter consists of the text of a paper entitled “Comparison and study of different progressive collapse simulation techniques for RC structures”, in which the main simplifying assumptions of the progressive collapse guidelines are detailed and assessed. The DoD [1] and GSA [2] static linear and non-linear procedures are investigated, and compared to more complete approaches in order to assess their validity.

In the next two chapters, two new procedures for design against progressive collapse are developed. They are based on quasi-static computations, their main objective being to account accurately for dynamic inertial effects. The first of these chapters consists in the text of a paper entitled “A new pushover analysis procedure for structural progressive collapse based on a kinetic energy criterion”, in which energetic considerations allow for the development of a static equivalent pushover procedure. The second chapter consists of the text of a paper entitled “A new pushover analysis procedure for structural progressive collapse based on optimised load amplification factors”, which uses load amplification factors resulting from optimisation procedures in order to account for dynamic inertial effects. The contributions of these two papers lie in the fact that they offer an improved accuracy on the results, when compared with other procedure available in the literature, which follow the same general principles. The two proposed procedures are thoroughly validated by systematic comparisons with results obtained with the more costly dynamic non-linear computations.

Finally, an additional chapter focuses on the various approaches that can be adopted for the simulation of reinforced concrete beams and columns. Because a rather simple model for reinforced concrete is used in Chapter 2, the bulk of this chapter consists in the implementation of a more complex fibre-based non-linear beam element. Comparisons performed with this model provide insight to the limitations of the simpler model, which is based on the use of lumped plastic hinges, but show this simpler model to be valid for the purposes of the present work.

Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Wong, Man-kit Michael, i 王文傑. "A study of applying environmental management systems (EMS) to the construction industry in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125536X.

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Yu, King-ho. "Overview on environmental management in Hong Kong construction industries /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25436089.

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Trill, John Ernest. "The application of occupational performance standards in the construction industry : 'Factors influencing their use'". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271877.

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Kwok, Wai-lit Bernard. "A critical evaluation on the implementation of ISO 9000 in the building industry in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574602.

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Le, Roux Martyn. "Defect in the South African construction industry". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020320.

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Lack of quality in the South African construction industry is causing various problems for different stakeholders. The causes of this lack in quality are due to various different attributes. Corruption has become one of the leading causes with regards to lack of quality. Quality assurance can mitigate or eliminate defects through the implementation of a quality management system. Defects manifest primarily through cracking, dampness, detachment, and water leaks. Defects are categorized as structural, subsidence, acoustic and thermal. In terms of time, defects are either patent or latent, and can be discovered through observation, inspection and various tests. The causes of defects are ultimately due to error or omission, either during design or during the construction phases. Defects may also result due to procurement related factors, such as appointment of incompetent contractors. The result of defects is customer dissatisfaction, rework and disputes. Non-conformance to requirements results in rework and this in turn contributes to time and cost overruns. The aim of this research was to investigate the greatest cause that leads to defects in houses; the most common type of defect; and why projects fail in term of project management terms (due to defects). Results of quantitative research amongst professionals within the construction industry in the Western and Eastern Cape of South Africa as well as literature that has been reviewed form the basis of this study. Architectural practices, consulting engineering practices, and general building contractors were selected on a random sample basis, and surveyed using an online questionnaire. The study revealed that inadequate artisan skills is the biggest cause leading to defects in houses, and that cracks are the most frequent type of defect occurring. Projects fail in project management terms because of defects as the construction time of the projects are increased. The study revealed that construction related causes of defects dominate over design related causes. This study should be of value to both construction industry professionals as well as their clients.

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Palm, John Harold. "Performance subdivision street standards : a model ordinance with commentary and evaluation". Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9869.

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Knight, Kevin Brian. "The Effect of Green Insulation Standards on Moisture Accumulation within Framing of Residential Structures". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31027.

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Green building standards recommend use of a variety of new thermal insulation products. However, durability of wooden framing used in conjunction with new insulation materials has not been thoroughly examined, specifically in reference to interstitial condensation. This research used a single-sided hot-box design to measure moisture content of wood framing during a 60-day period. The resulting moisture content of the wood framing was compared as tested with spray-applied cellulose and polyurethane versus fiberglass batt insulation. The average moisture content of framing insulated with cellulose and polyurethane was greater than framing insulated with fiberglass. Based on the results from this research, the use of spray-applied cellulose and polyurethane insulation materials may increase the risk of structural durability. Green building standards, such as LEED for Homes or the National Green Building Standard, emphasize creating energy efficient structures to limit negative impact on the environment. Green building practices employed to increase energy efficiency of the building enclosure may overlook possible adverse effects that these practices may have on structural durability. Because spray-applied cellulose and polyurethane insulation increase moisture content of wooden framework within building enclosures, it can be deduced that energy efficient insulation may increase risk of moisture-related biodeterioration of the building enclosure. After review of points awarded for insulation materials within LEED for Homes and the National Green Building Standard, results from this study imply that the National Green Building Standard does not emphasize durability of wooden structures in their guidelines at the present time.
Master of Science

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Jönsson, Dag, i Trinh Ly. "Demand of electronics standards in the construction industry application of BEAst In the project Ebbepark". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131153.

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Byggbranschen har idag problem med en bristande effektivitet i produktionsstadiet. Till varje nytt projekt sätts nya projektgrupper ihop och tillsammans skall de skapa ett fungerade samarbete för att uppnå ett gott resultat. För att detta skall fungera krävs det att entreprenörer, underentreprenörer, materialleverantörer samt transportörer samarbetar. På grund av de nya sammansättningarna i varje projekt har branschen tillsammans, genom branschföreningen BEAst, utarbetat en elektronisk standard för att få kontinuitet och rutiner i informationsdelningen som krävs för att samarbetet skall fungera. Standarderna har tidigare körts i pilotprojekt med goda resultat. Stadsutbyggnadsprojektet Ebbepark i Linköping kommer att kravställa användandet av standarden och har som mål att denna skall bidra till ett effektivare bygge tillsammans med en tredjepartslogistiker. I denna rapport har förutsättningar för en integrering av elektroniska standarder i projektet Ebbepark studerats. Med hjälp av en intervjustudie har en kartläggning av fyra olika byggentreprenörers varuförsörjningsystem genomförts. Tre platschefer och en affärsområdeschef från NCC, Skanska, Åhlin and Ekeroth och Peab har deltagit. Efter en sammanställning av intervjusvar har resultatet kopplats med två teoribaser, en som behandlar bygglogistik och en annan med BEAst och elektroniska standarder. Resultatet visar att det främst skiljer sig vid central- och projektinköp. Gällande projektinköpen, som är specifika för varje projekt, finns inget IT-system. Vid dessa inköp används mer traditionella tillvägagångsätt gällande kommunikation med leverantörer och transportörer. Centralinköpen har däremot mer innovativa hjälpmedel gällande inköpsrutiner. Majoriteten av företagen använder sig utav ett IT-stöd vid centralinköp där de kan dela information om emballering, packning och väderskydd till tillverkare. Då det finns fungerade hjälpmedel gällande centralinköpen rekommenderas en tillämpning av BEAst Supply Material till endast till projektinköpen. Alla delar av standarden är inkluderade förutom transportaviseringsdelen. BEAst Label rekommenderas till både projekt- och centralinköp för att lättare uppnå en strukturerad byggarbetsplats men även för att underlätta arbetet för logistikentreprenören.

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Chapano, Munodani. "The impact of high performance work practices on project performance in selected construction companies in Cape Town, South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2532.

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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of four High Performance Work Practices (HPWPs) on project performance in selected construction companies in Cape Town, South Africa. The four HPWPs comprised: recruitment and selection (RS); performance appraisal (PA); training and development (TD); and compensation system (CS). The study employed a positivist philosophy utilizing the survey method to collect data from 70 employees who were drawn from a select group of multi-project construction companies in Cape Town, South Africa. The respondents comprised employees who worked as project team members and line staff/ administrative staff. Non-probability sampling procedure in the form of convenience sampling technique was used for the selection of five (5) construction organisations in Cape Town, South Africa. Probability sampling procedure in the form of stratified sampling technique was employed in the selection of the respondents to complete the questionnaire.Collected data was captured and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The main research question of the study was: What is the relationship between the four HPWPs and project performance? The results indicate that CS has a weak positive relationship with project performance, whereas TD, PA and RS have weak negative relationships with project performance. It also emerged that there are other factors that significantly affect project performance other than the HPWPs investigated.The results of this study are significant because they provide a unique view of the work environment that has been insufficiently examined. Also, very few studies have focused on the above four universal HPWPs, which this study was earmarked for. The results that are obtained from this study significantly add to the overall body of knowledge pertaining to theories and their application in HRM, project performance and multi-project environments issues.

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Silva, Nina Celeste Macario Simões da. "Análise da vida útil estimada das edificações baseada na norma de desempenho (ABNT NBR 15.575:2013)". Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1204.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A análise da vida útil (VU) de uma edificação exige a observação de muitas variáveis, especialmente aquelas voltadas para o desempenho e durabilidade. Nesse sentido, a ABNT NBR 15.575:2013 Edificações habitacionais Desempenho estabelece requisitos, critérios e métodos de avaliação para analisar o desempenho das construções, e ao mesmo tempo subsidiar os projetistas a determinar a vida útil de projeto (VUP) condizente com o nível de desempenho desejado pelo construtor e usuário. Acrescente-se que o cálculo para a vida útil estimada (VUE) das construções leva em consideração o envelhecimento natural dos componentes dos sistemas construtivos, mas não contempla o efeito dos danos provocados pela entrada em operação e uso da edificação ou ausência de manutenção. Além disso, a ABNT NBR 5674:2012 - Manutenção de edificações Requisitos para o sistema de gestão de manutenção, indica quais os sistemas e serviços devem passar pelo processo de manutenção e em qual período, possibilitando a gestão da manutenção com qualidade. Entretanto, não é sempre o que ocorre nas edificações após a entrada em operação e uso. Na pesquisa, procurou-se, então, verificar qual a relação entre a vida útil estimada e os prazos de garantia das obras. Para medir a diferença percentual entre a VUP e a VUE, após a intervenção da ATPO foi utilizado o método dos fatores previsto na ISO 15.686:2000 - Building and construction assets service life planning e recomendado pela NBR 15.575-1:2013. As informações analisadas foram cedidas por uma construtora atuante na cidade do Recife, coletadas de um banco de dados proveniente da assistência técnica pós-obra (ATPO) de oito empreendimentos construídos na Região Metropolitana do Recife. A frequência de ocorrência de danos nas edificações foi analisada através da determinação da taxa de falhas dos empreendimentos. Os resultados assinalam para um percentual de redução da vida útil de projeto (VUP), da ordem de 20% da vida útil de referência (VUR), valores adotados da NBR 15.575:2013; apontam também, para uma concentração de avarias no estágio inicial da construção, acima de 50%, que correlacionando com a curva de probabilidade condicional de falha (curva da banheira) obtém-se um alto índice de falha brusca, classificando a edificação na fase da mortalidade infantil. Esses resultados refletem uma variação não planejada do nível de desempenho proposto para a edificação. Diante desse contexto, sugere-se vincular o prazo de garantia da obra com o nível de desempenho efetivo da construção. A aplicação de conceitos de confiabilidade permite inferir sobre os prazos de garantia da obra e fazer comparações com o valor previsto no aparato legal brasileiro.
Analysis of service life of a building requires the observation of many variables, especially corre-lating to the performance and durability. In this meaning, the NBR 15.575:2013 - Residential Buildings - Performance establishes requirements, criteria and methods assessment for analyz-ing the performance of buildings, and sometimes subsidize designers to determine the design life consistent with the performance level desired by the builder and user. Adding that the calculation of the estimated service life of buildings takes into account the natural aging of the building sys-tems components, but not contemplates of the damage effect caused by the entry into operation and use of the building or absence conservation. Moreover, the NBR 5.674:2012 - Buildings Maintenance - Requirements for the maintenance management system, indicates which systems and services that must go through the maintenance process and in what period, enabling mainte-nance management quality. However, it is not always what happens in the buildings after entry into operation and use. In the survey, we tired so verify the relationship between the predicted service life and the warranty period of the building. The information analyzed were provided by an active construction of Recife, collected in a database from the technical assistance after work eight buildings in the Metropolitan Region of Recife. To measure the percentage difference be-tween the design life and estimated service life, following the intervention of the technical assis-tance after work was used the factors method set out in ISO 15.686:2000 - Building and construc-tion assets - Service life planning and recommended by NBR 15575-1:2013. The frequency of occurrence damage in buildings was analyzed by determining the rates of failure in the buildings. The results show to a reduction of the design life of the order of 20% of the reference service life, from values adopted in the Performance of Brazilian Standard; also point to a concentration of damage in the initial stage of construction, above 50%, which correlate with the conditional prob-ability of failure curve (Bathtub Curve) sorting a high abrupt failure rate, ranking the building at the stage of infant mortality. These results reflect an unplanned variation in performance level proposed for the building. In this context, it is suggested to link the period of the works guarantee to the level of actual performance of the building. The application of reliability concepts allows infer about warranty period of the Building and make comparisons with the requirement of Brazi-lian law enforcement.

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Wong, Man-kit Michael. "A study of applying environmental management systems (EMS) to the construction industry in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25549467.

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Schnitzler, Michael, i Olof Österlund. "Evaluation of implementing e-Procurement in the Swedish construction industry". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27215.

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Background Supply chain integration is a prevailing issue of current research and influences the competitive advantage of companies significantly. However, construction industries are argued to be the least integrated supply chains of all due to their complexity. e-Procurement is one way to improve integration in a supply chain and has currently been implemented by some actors in the Swedish construction industry. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate outcomes achieved and challenges encountered when implementing e-Procurement in the Swedish construction industry in order to generate contributions to literature considering the detected research gaps. Method This study has been carried out according to an abductive approach given its flexibility to simultaneously review existing theory when analyzing the empirical findings. However, outcomes achieved and challenges encountered when implementing e-Procurement in the construction industry, in particular in Sweden, lacks considerably in scientific literature. Thus, an exploratory and qualitative study has been conducted in order to assess the phenomenon in a new light and generate knowledge. The empirical findings have been collected in a single holistic case study of a supply chain in the Swedish construction industry which recently has implemented e-Procurement. The empirical data emanates from semi-structured face-to-face interviews which have been conducted with nine respondents from five different organizations operating in the Swedish construction industry. The data has been analyzed using summarizing, categorizing and pattern matching. Conclusions The Swedish construction industry, at least the investigated supply chain, was and still is rather underdeveloped when it comes to electronic purchasing processes. However, the results of this study show that quite many outcomes and challenges with regard to e-Procurement are similar to other industries. Overall, 15 outcomes and five challenges have been detected for this supply chain. The implementation of e-Procurement in the Swedish construction industry faces positive conditions to be successful and has the potential to change routine working methods.

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Rosvall, Erik S. "Data Analysis of Utah's I-80 Bridges - For the use in the Development of Accelerated Bridge Construction Standards". DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/593.

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This study discusses five bridges on Utah's I-80 that were replaced in the summer of 2008 using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. Each superstructure was built offsite and moved into place with the use of Self-Propelled Modular Transporters. The bridges were instrumented and monitored during the moving process to investigate the effects of moving an entire superstructure into place. Collected data was analyzed to find the level of stress each superstructure experienced during lifting, moving, and placement of each bridge. The change in supporting conditions from when the superstructure was built to being transferred onto Self-Propelled Modular Transporters caused significant stress reversals for all the bridges studied. A two-dimensional analysis was done using the dead load of the structure to find the initial stresses in the superstructure when supported on temporary abutments. The measured change in stress due to lifting was compared to calculations. The difference between these two stresses was defined as the lifting stress in the superstructure. Additionally, dynamic stresses incurred due to the bridge moving are determined to be within design tolerance.

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Gámez, Bohórquez Oscar. "Fab-Cell : outil d'aide à la conception de parois non standards en bois". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0053/document.

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L’intégration du langage informatique dans l’architecture et l’ingénierie a commencé dès les années 1960, mais a connu un réel essor dans les années 1990. Les outils de modélisation ont alors progressivement fait émerger une nouvelle architecture. Tout d’abord baptisée « architecture blob », on lui a ensuite attribué le nom de « blobisme » et ses dérivés sont aujourd’hui appelés « architecture non standard ». Au cours de la dernière décennie, certains chercheurs comme Mario Carpo ou praticiens comme Patrick Schumacher ont introduit les termes de « paramétrisme », « customisation de masse », et « architecture non standard » pour définir ces nouvelles constructions complexes. Elles ne sont pas nécessairement savantes, mais ont été conçues grâce à des outils numériques et réalisées avec des méthodes de fabrication digitales. Cette thèse prend appui sur le postulat qu’une approche non standard dans un projet est loin de se résumer à une démarche purement plastique ou fonctionnelle : elle est destinée à produire des objets constructibles. Le domaine d’étude est celui des murs et enveloppes construites en bois et plus particulièrement les parois de type cellulaire. Ce travail inclut donc un outil paramétrique d’aide à la conception (ACPT, Aided-Conception Parametric Tool) et à la fabrication qui peut accompagner les concepteurs dans l’exploration de solutions non-standards pour des problèmes architecturaux spécifiques Cet outil paramétrique et intégré s’appuie sur une modélisation géométrique et technique des parois murales et des différents dispositifs cellulaires qui les composent. L’approche paramétrique autorise le développement de nombreuses variantes morphologiques. Sa dimension intégrée permet la production et l’optimisation des données tant topologiques que constructives. La production grandeur nature d’une paroi réalisée par un robot de coupe a servi de cadre expérimental pour démontrer les potentialités de notre approche mais aussi en identifier les difficultés. Les améliorations effectuées ont conduit à produire une série de clusters (groupes de fonctions) pour Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) qui ont permis de mettre en oeuvre la première version opérationnelle de cet outil, baptisée Fab-Cell
The integration of computing language into architecture and engineering has been present since the 1960s but it only proved practical by the 1990s when modeling tools started to participate in an architectural shift that has conceptually mutated through the years. By then, the trend was called “blob architecture” and thirteen years ago, trends succeeding “blobism” were named as non-standard architecture. In the last ten years, academicians like Mario Carpo and practitioners such as Patrick Schumacher nested the terms parametricism, mass customization, and nonstandard architecture to define those complex –not necessarily complicated architectures created by using of digital tools and aided-manufacturing methods. This thesis is underpinned on the fact that using the non-standard approach in any architectural project needs more than just a plastic or functional intention but the means to translate that intention into actual buildable objects. The aims of this study are therefore oriented towards architectural elements using cellular-like patterns as morphologic resource. This work brings up an Aided-Conception Parametric Tool (ACPT) that actually helps designers to explore non-standard solutions to specific architectural problems regarding timber-built walls and envelopes. This ACPT is meant then to succeed architectural intentions in which geometric patterns –as morphologic modifiers- are used to provide walls and envelopes with a particular language (a cellular structure) that might require morphologic form searching (Carpo, 2015a) and topologic optimization by means of parametric generative modeling. The previously mentioned aims were validated by means of a full-scale prototyping exercise in which the first version of the ACPT is tested. Furthermore A series of modeling improvements regarding pattern generation, jointing calculation and fabrication simulation, helped fixing the difficulties found during the first validation stage in order to produce a set of Rhinoceros-Grasshopper (RGH) functional clusters that embody the early operational state of this ACPT called Fab-Cell

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29

Gravina, Rebecca Jane. "Non-linear overload behaviour and ductility of reinforced concrete flexural members containing 500MPa grade steel reinforcement". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg777.pdf.

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Includes corrigenda (inserted at front) and list of publications published as a result of this research. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-199) Investigates the overload behaviour and modes of collapse of reinforced concrete flexural members containing 500MPa grade reinforcing steel and evaluates the adequacy of current ductility requirements for design according to AS 3600 to ensure strength and safety.

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30

Maritz, Martinus Johannes. "Towards establishing national standards for the classification of construction information in the Republic of South Africa". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212005-135255.

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Tai, Yuk-sum. "A study of the application of environmental management systems to the building industry in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301451.

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Dawkins, Samuel T. "Sapphire room temperature optical frequency reference : design, construction and application". University of Western Australia. School of Physics, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0200.

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A pair of high-stability optical frequency references has been developed. The devices are based on room temperature Fabry-Perot cavities with mirrors spaced apart by a hollow single-crystal sapphire element. The sapphire element delivers mechanical sti ness that provides improved immunity to vibrational perturbations compared with the more common spacers made from ultra-low expansion glass. The system is housed in an vacuum chamber designed to provide isolation from environmental perturbations through the use of an active thermal control system, suspension legs and a unique beam alignment system. The dimensional stability of the Fabry-Perot was translated into a highly stable laser frequency by frequency locking a 1064nm Nd:YAG laser to the centre of a mode of the cavity. This frequency lock was implemented by the Pound-Drever-Hall scheme. By careful design, this control system was able to hold the frequency of the laser to within parts in 1016 of the frequency of the fundamental cavity mode. The minimum fractional frequency stability of the laser frequency was measured at 2.1x10[-]14 for integration times of 0.8 s, limited by the residual instability of the Fabry-Perot cavity. The experimental methods used to measure the performance of the system have also been considered in depth. For example, the most common way of characterizing the frequency stability of a frequency standard is the Allan variance. It is demonstrated that, without care, data taken with modern frequency counters can produce erroneous and distorted results when their output is supplied to this algorithm. The method to avoid or account for these errors is also presented. The Fabry-Perot cavity performance is limited on long timescales by residual temperature uctuations, which can be ameliorated in future by enhancing the design of the thermal control system. At short timescales, the system is limited by vibration-induced uctuations together with a white noise source, that is yet to be identi ed, but may relate to fundamental thermodynamic temperature uctuations of the sapphire spacer. This system was used to measure the stability of an optical signal synthesised from a cryogenic microwave sapphire oscillator using an wide-band optical frequency comb. This was the rst demonstration of a multiplication of an ultra-stable signal from the microwave frequency domain into the optical frequency domain, without loss of delity at the level of 2x10[-]14.

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33

Eardley, Anthony C. "A culture of survival : the construction and maintenance of household living standards in low-income self-employment". Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10901/.

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Kenyon, Jonn Mark. "Non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete plane frames /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk368.pdf.

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O'Connor, Leonard A. "A socio-technical analysis of the standards based apprenticeship in Ireland : a case study of the construction industry". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8238.

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Apprenticeship is one of the oldest forms of training and is one of the cornerstones on which a skills bank is built. It has been developed from a system of master and indentured apprentice, which existed in the period of the medieval guilds, to a dual system of education and training with both on-the-job and off-the-job periods of training and education. A number of unsuccessful attempts were made in the last century to re-structure apprenticeship in Ireland, including three Acts of the Oireachtas (Parliament). Despite this legislation, the only requirement to qualify as a craftsperson was to serve the appropriate length of time and to be a member of the craft union. There were no mandatory levels of competence to be reached by the apprentice before being recognised as a craftsperson. In 1991, the social partners agreed the need for an overhaul of the apprenticeship system and set in motion the process to develop an apprenticeship system that would ensure that all apprentices in the designated trades would have to reach predetermined standards on competence before they could be awarded the National Craft Certificate. The new system is modular in structure and known as the Standards Based Apprenticeship. This thesis examined the effectiveness of the Standards Based Apprenticeship system in meeting the present and future needs of the construction industry and in preparing apprentices to adapt to inevitable change in the industry. It concludes that the new system is superior to the time-served system it replaced in many respects but has identified some problems. The thesis concludes by making some recommendations for change to the system, based on the analysis of the responses from the stakeholders and which, if implemented, would in the opinion of the author, ensure that the Irish crafts persons are trained to the highest international standards.

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36

Eriksson, Malin. "Life Cycle Assessment of Civil Engineering Works : And Application of European Standards on the Mälar Project". Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254779.

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In this thesis, a framework is constructed for a life cycle assessment within a civilengineering project. There are various methods available on how to conduct lifecycle assessments and this thesis explores one method related to civil engineeringworks. The assessment follows the structure based in related standards such asEN 15804 which describes how to declare construction products. A working copyof a possible upcoming European level standard for sustainability assessment ofcivil engineering works is also used in the process. The object of assessment arethe materials, concrete and steel, in the retaining walls that are constructed alongthe channel near Södertälje Harbour. This is a part of a larger project, called theMälar Project.The life cycle of these type of constructions often stretches over long periodsof time which leaves a lot of uncertainties while estimating the impacts during thelater life stages. The research problem is much about how to handle the differentmodules of the life cycle regarding civil engineering works.Example data were collected and presented for each module of the life stage.The results of the example data showed that most of the impact came from theproduct stage. The conclusions are that the collection of data should be an integratedpart in the operating procedures for the company for a more efficientprocess, Environmental Product Declarations are a good source of data and standardson European level gives good guidelines on how to conduct a life cycleassessment for civil engineering projects.
I detta examensarbete konstrueras ett ramverk för hur en livscykelanalys kan utförasinom väg- och vattenbyggnad. Det finns många olika riktlinjer för hur enlivscykelanalys kan utföras och i detta examensarbete utforskas en metod för projektinom väg- och vattenbyggnad. Arbetet följer strukturen ur EN 15804 sombeskriver hur man bedömer byggprodukter. Ett arbetsexemplar av en ny, möjligstandard på Europanivå för miljöbedömning av projekt inom väg- och vatten användsockså i processen. Det som bedöms via livscykelanalys i denna studie är deingående materialen, stål och betong, i hållväggarna som byggs längs med kanalenvid Södertälje Hamn. Detta är en del av ett större projekt, kallat Mälarprojektet.Livscyklerna för denna typ av projekt är oftast väldigt långa vilket skapar enosäkerhet i data då påverkan för senare delar av livscykeln behöver uppskattas.Problematiken som presenteras handlar mycket om hur modulerna för livscykelnska behandlas för denna typ av projekt.Exempeldata samlades in för de olika modulerna och presenterades i tabellersom täcker alla relevanta delar av livscykeln. Resultatet av exempeldatan visadeatt den mesta påverkan kom från produktstadiet. De slutsatser som dras är attinsamlingen av data bör vara en integrerad del av företagets arbetsmetod fören effektiv process, miljödeklarationer är en bra källa till data och standards påEuropanivå ger bra guidelinjer för hur en livscykelanalys kan utföras för liknandeprojekt.

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Weeks, Jason A. "Understanding the issues of project cost and time in sustainable construction from a general contractor's perspective: case study". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33914.

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The green building market has seen tremendous growth in the past decade. Organizations such as the US Green Building Council have emerged to become a dominant leader in the building industry. Although the green building rating systems are cross-disciplinary, much of the focus has been directed towards design-related input. General Contractors play an important role in delivering successful sustainable construction projects. If an integrated project delivery method is chosen, the General Contractor may offer insightful preconstruction assistance by providing ideas on green construction methods and materials. As sustainable building practices become more prominent in the construction industry, General Contractors must remain knowledgeable on current green building standards in order to stay competitive. Two of the most important aspects of business for a General Contractor involve time and money. Through qualitative literature review and quantitative results from a case study, this research analyzes time and cost in sustainable construction projects from a General Contractor's perspective. The research also examines whether the management of a sustainable construction project is substantially different than a non-sustainable construction project for a General Contractor. Finally, because the green building process involves multiple parties, the collaboration effort from all parties involved in a green building project will be studied.

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Matete, Kenevoe Rose. "The implications of the 2014 construction regulations for the Department of Public Works procurement system". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10309.

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The Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) notes that regulations seek to make improvements by changing individual or organisational behaviour in ways that generate positive impacts in terms of solving societal and economic problems. At its most basic level, regulations are designed to work according to implementation, leading to changes in behaviours that, in turn, lead to changes in outcomes. Such outcomes can be satisfaction in terms of an underlying problem or other (hopefully positive) changes in conditions in the world. Following this premise, this research project investigates the implications of the 2014 Construction Regulations for the Department of Public Works’ procurement system. The study also examines the contents of the construction Regulations; the impact of the Construction Regulations 2014 – permit-to-work; client / contractor procurement issues; the enforcement of compliance to permit-to-work requirements, and education and training demands in relation to health and safety (H&S) competency. The study shows that even though industry role players are relatively familiar with the Construction Regulations 2014, there is a common concern regarding competency (education and training) levels required for the implementation of the permit-to-work requirement of the regulations. The concerns focus on the ability of the Department of Labour (DoL) to process the permits. Based on the study’s findings, the research concludes that there would be cost implications for project actors when implementing the permit-to-work requirement and this cost factor could delay project initiation and planning, as well as service delivery.

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39

Giraldo, Gómez Gloria-Lucia. "Construction automatisée de l'ontologie des systèmes médiateurs : application à des systèmes intégrant des services standards accessibles via le Web". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112013.

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Dans cette thèse nous proposons une méthode de construction semi-automatique du schema global ou " ontologie du domaine ", pour le système médiateur picsel. Cette approche est basée sur l'exploitation de la structure (dtds) des documents xml intégrés dans un premier temps, nous proposons une méthode pour construire de faÇon semi-automatique une ontologie à partir d'un ensemble de dtds sémantiquement hétérogènes couvrant le domaine du médiateur. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une approche beaucoup plus automatisée qui exploite des dtds standardisées définies par des organismes de normalisation. Ces dtds représentent la structure de messages, relatifs à un domaine donné, utilisés pour communiquer dans le contexte du commerce électronique. La réutilisation de descriptions standardisées nous a permis d'automatiser totalement la partie base de connaissance du médiateur (schéma global et description du contenu des sources intégrées) et également la construction des interfaces (utilisateurs-médiateur et médiateur-sources intégrées). Cela permet une intégration de nouvelles sources plus facile et plus rapide et une utilisation par des utilisateurs non experts. Nous avons développé une application dans le domaine du tourisme, exploitant les standards de l'ota (open travel alliance) permettant au médiateur picsel d'intégrer des services sur le web. Cela nous a amené à étudier les conséquences de ce changement de contexte sur l'utilisation du moteur picsel du point de vue de la spécification du schéma global, de la description des fonctionnalités des services, de la spécification des requêtes utilisateurs et de l'interprétation des réécritures obtenues par le médiateur
In this thesis, we propose a method of semi-automatic construction of the "domain ontology" for the mediator system picsel integrating xml sources. This approach is based on the exploitation of the xml documents structures represented in dtds. Initially, we propose a method to build in a semi-automatic way an ontology from a set of semantically heterogeneous dtds covering the mediator's domain. In a second time, we propose a more automated approach which exploits standardized dtds defined by organizations working in the normalisation of commercial transactions, these dtds represent the structure of messages relative to a given domain and be used to communicate in the e-commerce context. The re-use of standardized descriptions enabled us to automate completely the "knowledge bases" of the mediator (ontology and description of the functionalities of the integrated services), the construction of the interface between users and mediator system and the construction of wrappers, it allows an easier and faster integration of new sources and a simple handling for non expert users we developed an application in the tourism domain, exploiting the ota (open travel alliance) standards and allowing picsel mediator to integrate services on the web that led us to study the consequences of this context changing on the use of the picsel engine with respect of the ontology specification, the description of the functionalities of the services, the specification of the user's queries and the interpretation of there writings obtained by the mediator

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40

Kwok, Wai-lit Bernard, i 郭偉烈. "A critical evaluation on the implementation of ISO 9000 in the building industry in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574602.

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Wallace, Gabrielle, i not supplied. "Microeconomic reform of the building and development process: the development and outcomes of building regulation reform in Australia 1990-2003". RMIT University. Social Science and Planning, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070205.123414.

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As a component of the regulatory structure controlling building construction and land development in Australia, the system of building regulation was reformed during a period of significant restructuring of the Australian economy. The microeconomic reforms aimed to find efficiencies in government and industry sectors, and with respect to the latter, facilitate the development of competitive trade structures across national and global markets. The research provides a critical narrative account of the development and outcomes of the microeconomic reform of building regulation between 1990 and 2003. The microeconomic reform process is examined in the context of the vastly differing approaches of two Australian states, Victoria and New South Wales, with respect to the national reform agenda which was initiated and led by the Commonwealth government in response to the increasing globalization of the national economy. An understanding of what happened and why and how t he states differed with respect to the national reform agenda enabled the outcomes of the reforms to be examined for their impact upon government, industry and the community. The regulation of building construction is a constitutional responsibility of the state governments and has traditionally been controlled by local government. However, control is increasingly being centralized at the national level, in response to international pressures to adopt performance-based regulations, standards and governance systems that accord to neoliberal ideology. This has resulted in a reduction of state and local government involvement in certain building control functions with a commensurate increased role for the private sector; an increase in the complexity and quantity of regulatory instruments; a reduction in government accountability for the standard of building construction; the development of structures to facilitate competitive intranational and international trade in construction-related goods and services and a reduction in the quality and standard of buildings. The principal benefits of the reforms have accrued to industry and to government and the least benefits have accrued to the community/consumer.

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42

Leung, Suk-fong Doris, i 梁淑芳. "Different expectation between producers and consumers on the quality of home ownership scheme flats". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968442.

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43

余經浩 i King-ho Yu. "Overview on environmental management in Hong Kong construction industries". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255383.

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44

Lam, Wai-lin, i 藍慧玲. "The impact of ISO 9000 and quality assurance in construction with particular reference to suppliers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251493.

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45

Naylor, Margaret, i n/a. "TAFE and award restructuring processes, a case study : development of skill standards and assessment criteria for the civil operating stream of the building and construction industry". University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060824.094611.

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This thesis addresses the argument that TAFE as an organisation has not significantly changed its concept of its purpose and place in Australian society over the last hundred years. It concludes that Industry Award Restructuring may possibly achieve what two world wars, two depressions, one economic boom, international civil rights movements and technological change could not: TAFE may change substantially over the next decade and move from its self-concept as an education institution into an overt training role. Due to award restructuring in industry, new demands will be made on TAFE which cannot be resisted if TAFE is to maintain its position as the primary provider of vocational education/training. In the course of the research it was found that it is possible to carry out direct observation of an organisation or industry without significantly affecting the processes of the organisation. This may be achieved by finding a role which complements, supports or supplements the organisation's objectives, but in which there are no line responsibilities and thus little or no interference. Such a role appears to be that of writer of documents, which gives unlimited access to all parties and sources without influencing either policy or practice. The outputs from the writing tasks are of value to the target organisation, so that the researcher gives as well as takes, and could be described as being in a symbiotic relationship with the organisation. The skill standards and assessment criteria developed during the study are presented as outcomes of a symbiotic case study, and the success of the method is evaluated by comparing the outcomes with those of other Streams of the same industry, which have been working on similar document development tasks over the same time period using traditional methods.

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46

Ebner, Hannes. "Supporting loose forms of collaboration : Using Linked Data to realize an architecture for collective knowledge construction". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144311.

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This thesis is driven by the motivation to explore a way of working collaboratively that closely reflects the World Wide Web (WWW), more specifically the potential of the Web architecture built on Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data. The goal is to describe a generic approach and architecture that satisfies the needs for loose collaboration and collective knowledge construction as exemplified by the applications described in this thesis. This thesis focuses on a contribution-centric architecture which allows for flexible applications that support loose forms of collaboration. The first research question deals with how Web-based collective knowledge construction can be supported. The second research question explores the characteristics of collective knowledge construction with respect to the Open World Assumption (OWA). The OWA implies that complete knowledge about a subject cannot be assumed at any time, which is one of the most fundamental properties of the WWW. The third research question investigates how Semantic Web technologies be used in order to support such a contribution-centric architecture. The thesis and its underlying publications are of a technical character and are always grounded in theoretical models and considerations that have led to functional implementations. The research has evolved in iterative development processes and was explicitly directed at building applications that can be used in collaborative settings and that are based on standardized Web technologies. One of the main outcomes, an information model, was developed together with such an application and provides a number of novel approaches in the context in which it was designed. The validity of the presented research is supported by evaluations from different perspectives: a list of implemented applications and showcases, results from structured interviews that have investigated the suitability for various resource annotation processes, as well as scalability aspects. The thesis concludes that it is ultimately up to the application how "loose" the collaboration should be and to which extent the OWA is incorporated. The presented architecture provides a toolkit to support the development of loosely collaborative applications. The showcased applications allow the construction of collaborative conceptual models and to collaboratively annotate educational resources. They show the potential of the used technology stack and the introduced contribution-centric architecture that sits on top if it.

QC 20140417

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47

McLeod, Christina Helen. "Investigation into cracking in reinforced concrete water-retaining structures". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80207.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Durability and impermeability in a water-retaining structure are of prime importance if the structure is to fulfill its function over its design life. In addition, serviceability cracking tends to govern the design of water retaining structures. This research concentrates on load-induced cracking specifically that due to pure bending and to direct tension in South African reinforced concrete water retaining structures (WRS). As a South African design code for WRS does not exist at present, South African designers tend to use the British codes in the design of reinforced concrete water-retaining structures. However, with the release of the Eurocodes, the British codes have been withdrawn, creating the need for a South African code of practice for water-retaining structures. In updating the South African structural design codes, there is a move towards adopting the Eurocodes so that the South African design codes are compatible with their Eurocode counterparts. The Eurocode crack model to EN1992 (2004) was examined and compared to the corresponding British standard, BS8007 (1989). A reliability study was undertaken as the performance of the EN1992 crack model applied to South African conditions is not known. The issues of the influence of the crack width limit and model uncertainty were identified as being of importance in the reliability crack model.

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48

Tai, Yuk-sum, i 戴旭森。. "A study of the application of environmental management systems to the building industry in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125438X.

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Figlali, Umut. "Exploration Of Factors Affecting The Execution Of International Design Projects". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605932/index.pdf.

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Economic instabilities in our country over the past few decades and improvement in communication technologies, have encouraged Turkish construction firms to utilize business opportunities in foreign countries. However, working abroad brings with it certain risks and problems. The aim of this thesis were to define and clarify problematic factors during the design stages in international design projects (IDP), to collect relevant suggested solutions and to try and determine the sources of these factors. The survey starts with general problems and/or factors which affect international projects and continues to examine whether these problems are the same as those faced in the architectural field. Also, the place of the Turkish construction industry in the world market, the reasons for the increase in international projects and the problems which might be faced while executing IDP have formed the scope of this thesis. To this end informal interviews were carried out with managers and design professionals of architectural firms, based in Ankara, which were involved in international projects, in order to determine types of problems encountered in execution of IDPs. The first questionnaire was based on insight gained from these interviews. Thereafter, the results of the first questionnaire formed the basis of the second questionnaire, which was delivered more extensively. According to the research carried out in this study, the major effective factors in execution of IDPs could be listed as, cultural differences, communication within the project team, information technologies, standards and regulations, client and local authorities and economical situation of target country.

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50

Wanigarathna, Nadeeshani. "Evidence-based design for healthcare buildings in England and Wales". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16161.

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A substantial amount of credible evidence shows that properly designed healthcare built environments can positively impact upon the health outcomes of the building users. This offers an opportunity to improve the quality of healthcare through appropriately designed healthcare built environments. Evidence-based design (EBD) emerged within healthcare building design practice to enhance the process of designing with credible evidence. This research explored improvement opportunities for EBD in the UK which would subsequently improve the quality of healthcare through built environment interventions. Specifically, three key research gaps were addressed during this research. Firstly, this research explored current practices of evidence use during healthcare designing and opportunities to increase the direct use of research-based evidence and alternative ways of conveying research-based evidence into the design process through other source of generic evidence for design. Secondly, this research explored how evidence could be effectively expressed within healthcare design standards, guidance and tools (SGaTs) in the forms of performance and prescriptive specifications. Finally, considering the unique nature of built environment design, this research explored how project unique contextual circumstances impact EBD processes and how practitioners reflect on these circumstances. These challenges were then transformed into six objectives. Following a comprehensive literature review, this research was divided into four phases. First, a model of the sources and flows of evidence (SaFE) was developed to represent evidence for EBD within generic evidence for design. The initial conceptual model was developed through desk study, based on the literature review, self-experience and the experience. This model was then verified with the comments from five un-structured interviews conducted with lecturers and senior lecturers of the School of Civil and Building Engineering. Finally, the model was validated using 12 semi-structured interviews conducted with design practitioners from the industry. In addition to the validating the sources and flows of evidence these interviews revealed rationales behind design practitioners use of evidence from four types of evidence sources. These results revealed improvement opportunities to increase the intake of research-based evidence use during healthcare built environments designing. The main data collection method for this research was case studies. Eight exemplar design elements within three case studies were investigated to explore details of evidence use practices; practices of using performance and prescriptive specifications; and impact of project unique contextual circumstances for EBD process and how design practitioners reflect on these circumstances. Results of this research revealed that EBD needs to be supported by both externally published research evidence and through internally generated evidence. It was also identified that EBD could be significantly facilitated through research- evidence informed other generic design evidence sources. Healthcare design SGaTs provides a promising prospect to facilitate EBD. Performance specification driven healthcare design SGaTs supplemented by prescriptive specifications to define design outputs and design inputs could improve effective use of evidence-informed SGaTs. These results were incorporated into a framework to guide development of healthcare design SGaTs. Finally, by exploring how projects unique contextual circumstances impact EBD processes and how practitioners reflect on these circumstances, this research identified the need for procedural guidance for designers to guide evidence acquisition, evidence application and new evidence generation.

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