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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Constrained cutting"

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Lu, Zhenguo, Hongbin Wang, Qingliang Zeng, Zhiwen Wang, Lirong Wan i Changjiang Li. "Research on Cutting Performance of Conical Pick Cutting Rock Plate with One Side Constrain and Three Sides Free". Science Progress 105, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 003685042210791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504221079191.

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To improve the conical pick cutting performance by per cutting to the free surface. The cutting performance of rock and rock plate breaking are investigated by theoretical and experimental methods. Analyzed the fracture position of the rock plate with constrained one side by the pick to study the effect of rock properties and the rock plate structural parameters on cutting force. The results indicated that the rock plate fracture is mainly from the constrained side and center of the rock plate. The cutting force of the conical pick is significantly affected by the rock plate structural parameters and the constraint sides of the rock plate number. The cutting force increases obviously with the increase of plate thickness, cutting point depth, and the rock uniaxial compressive strength. However, the influence of rock plate constrains sides number is opposite. It provides a basis for improving the cutting performance of pick and predicting the rock plate fracture.
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Liu, Gang, Ming Chen, Peng Nan Li, Qing Zhen Bi i Bao Cai Guo. "Multi-Constrained Analysis of Metal Cutting and its Application". Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (październik 2013): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.38.

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The concept of multi-constrained analysis of the cutting process is presented for the first time in the paper. The paper adopts a method to solve an important problem which is how to judge the influence of constrains during the cutting process. The research results are applied for HSS drills for cutting stainless steel. On the basis of the multi-constrained analysis combined with methods of simulations and standard experiments, the optimum methods are provided for structure, coating and cutting parameters of cutting tools. For geometric structure of tools, optimization is to increase thickness of cutting and rake angle. Coating optimization strategy is choosing high temperature hardness and low thermal conductivity coating. Optimization of cutting parameter is to adjust feed fate, then select proper cutting speed. The conclusion of paper is helpful for the cutting optimization.
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Petrushin, S. I., i R. Kh Gubaidulina. "Chip Formation in Constrained Cutting". Russian Engineering Research 38, nr 8 (sierpień 2018): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x18080117.

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Petrushin, S. I., i A. V. Proskokov. "Theory and geometry of constrained cutting". Russian Engineering Research 29, nr 11 (listopad 2009): 1132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x09110136.

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Juyong Zhang, Jianmin Zheng i Jianfei Cai. "Interactive Mesh Cutting Using Constrained Random Walks". IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 17, nr 3 (marzec 2011): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2010.57.

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Hifi, Mhand, i Rym M'Hallah. "Approximate algorithms for constrained circular cutting problems". Computers & Operations Research 31, nr 5 (kwiecień 2004): 675–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00020-0.

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Hough, C. L., i Y. Chang. "Constrained Cutting Rate-Tool Life Characteristic Curve, Part 1: Theory and General Case". Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, nr 1 (1.02.1998): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830092.

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The concept of a cutting rate-tool life (R-T) characteristic curve is extended to the general machining economics problem (MEP) with a quadratic-logarithmic tool life and constraint equations. The R-T characteristic curve presents the general loci of optima, which is useful in selecting optimal parameters for multiple machining conditions. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the global optimum of the unconstrained MEP are presented. These conditions are equivalently applied to the concept of the constrained R-T characteristic curve. In terms of quadratic geometric programming the objective function and constraints of the general MEP are called as quadratic posylognomials (QPL). The QPL problems are classified as convex and nonconvex and the convexity is determined by the second order terms of the tool life model. Nonlinear programming and an exhaustive method are demonstrated to determine the R-T characteristic curve for three cases of posynomial, convex QPL, and non-convex QPL problems.
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Cui, Yue, Guo Hua Qin i Hai Chao Ye. "Advanced Iterative Approach to Locating Point Layout for Computer Aided Fixture Design". Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (grudzień 2011): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.403.

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In the machining process, the parts dimension, geometric shape and the formation of the relative position between the surfaces, depended on the position of the workpiece related to the cutting tool in cutting motion process, while the realization of this mutual position relationship is through locating points layout restricts parts DOFs. For this reason, this paper presents the conceptions of theoretical constrained DOFs and Practical constrained DOFs, at the same time the paper innovatively presents locating points layout determination algorithm for complex parts. Firstly, established the DOFs limit model according to the condition that parts of absolute velocity is zero in the machining precision requirements, theoretical constrained DOFs is expressed as the function relation of machining precision requirements. Secondly, establishing the model of locating points layout according to the constraint condition that parts of normal absolute velocity is zero in the position of locating points, and describing Practical constrained DOFs as the function relation between the position of locating points and normal vector. Then, according to the relationships between theoretical constrained DOFs and solves the model of locating points layout, constructed the automatic design algorithm of locating points layout. Finally, according to the proposed design algorithm, developed design and analysis modules of locating points layout by VC6.0 in the UG environment.
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Kim, Jinhak, Mohit Tawarmalani i Jean-Philippe P. Richard. "On cutting planes for cardinality-constrained linear programs". Mathematical Programming 178, nr 1-2 (6.06.2018): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-018-1306-0.

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Parada Daza, Víctor, Arlindo Gómes de Alvarenga i José de Diego. "Exact solutions for constrained two-dimensional cutting problems". European Journal of Operational Research 84, nr 3 (sierpień 1995): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(95)00028-o.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Constrained cutting"

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Oberholzer, Jan Adriaan. "Implementing artificial intelligence search methods to solve constrained two-dimensional guillotine-cut cutting stock problems / by Jan Adriaan Oberholzer". Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/392.

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The main focus of this thesis will be on the constrained two dimensional guillotine-cut cuffing stock (C2DGC) problem. Stock cutting involves the process of cutting certain small demand items from a larger object. During this process, waste material is generated, which is called trim loss. The cutting stock problem presents itself in many industrial processes where the cutting of material is concerned, for instance the cutting of wood in the furniture industry, the cutting of glass and plastic sheets in the glass industry, the cutting of paper in the cardboard industry and the cutting of steel bars in metallurgy, to name but a few. The cutting stock problem aims to find one or more solutions to a cutting problem so that the optimal amount of the stock sheet is utilized. This, in turn, implies that the trim loss (waste) will be kept to a minimum. Artificial intelligence search methods as well as existing exact C2DGC problem solution methods are investigated and evaluated critically. Different artificial intelligence search methods are then combined with the existing C2DGC problem solution methods, forming feasible algorithms to solve C2DGC problems. Existing C2DGC problem solution methods are also enhanced using innovative ideas. Numerical tests are then conducted to test the effectiveness and efficiency of each original and enhanced algorithm.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Cardozo, Arteaga Carmen. "Optimisation of power system security with high share of variable renewables : Consideration of the primary reserve deployment dynamics on a Frequency Constrained Unit Commitment model". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC024/document.

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Le placement de production (UC pour unit commitment) est une famille de problèmes d'optimisation qui déterminent l’état et la puissance de consigne des groupes de production pour satisfaire la demande électrique à moindre coût. Traditionnellement, une contrainte de sûreté détermine un certain volume de capacité raccordée disponible, appelé la réserve, destinée à gérer l'incertitude. Néanmoins, dans les petits systèmes la contrainte de réserve fixe peut entraîner dans certains cas une violation du critère N-1 bien que le volume de réserve minimale soit respecté. Plus récemment, la part croissante de production variable à partir de sources renouvelables (ENR) peut conduire à des programmes d’appel qui ne garantissent plus la sûreté même dans les grands systèmes.Pour y faire face, différentes techniques d'atténuation des impacts ont été proposées telle que la révision des modèles de placement de la production pour inclure une meilleure représentation de la dynamique du système. Cette sous-famille des problèmes UC est formellement définie dans ces travaux comme le problème FCUC (frequency constrained unit commitment). Elle vise à maintenir la fréquence au-dessus d'un certain seuil, et éviter ainsi le délestage par sous-fréquence (DSF).La première partie de ces travaux identifie les défis dans la formulation du problème FCUC. D’une part, la contrainte de fréquence est fortement non-linéaire par rapport aux variables de décision du problème UC. D’autre part, elle est difficile à approcher par des fonctions analytiques. La simulation séquentielle d'un modèle UC classique et d’un modèle de réponse primaire de la fréquence est alors proposée. L’intérêt d’une formulation plus fidèle de la contrainte de sûreté est donc révélé. La deuxième partie de ces travaux étudie l'impact des ENR sur la réponse primaire de la fréquence. Le besoin de formuler des modèles de FCUC plus précis est mis en avant.La troisième partie des travaux examine le coût, les bénéfices et les limitations des modèles FCUC, basés sur des contraintes indirectes sur certains paramètres dynamiques des unités de production. Il est montré que, bien que l'application de contraintes de sécurité indirectes assure la sûreté dans certains pas horaires, l'effet inverse peut apparaître à un autre instant. Ainsi, l’efficacité des leviers dépend fortement du point de fonctionnement du système. Il en est de même pour le coût de la solution. Cette étude met en évidence la nécessité de nouvelles méthodes pour traiter correctement la contrainte sur le creux de fréquence afin d'assurer l'optimalité et efficacité de la solution.Finalement, la quatrième partie des travaux offre une nouvelle formulation du problème FCUC suivant une approche de décomposition de Bender. La décomposition de Bender sépare un problème d'optimisation avec une certaine structure en deux parties : le problème maître et le problème esclave. Dans le cas du FCUC, le problème maître propose des plans de production candidats (états des groupes) et le problème esclave assure le respect des contraintes de fréquence par le biais d'un modèle de plans sécants. Les résultats de simulation montrent que la représentation plus précise du creux de fréquence au niveau du problème esclave réduit le risque de DSF et le coût de la sécurité par rapport à d'autres modèles de FCUC
The Unit Commitment problem (UC) is a family of optimisation models for determining the optimal short-term generation schedule to supply electric power demand with a defined risk level. The UC objective function is given by the operational costs over the optimisation horizon. The constraints include, among others, technical, operational and security limits. Traditionally, the security constraints are given by the requirement of a certain volume of on-line spare capacity, which is called the reserve and is meant to handle uncertainty, while preventing the interruption of power supply. It is commonly specified following a static reliability criterion, such as the N-1 rule.Nevertheless, in small systems the fixed, and a priori defined, reserve constraint could entail a violation of the N-1 criterion, although the reserve constraint was met. More recently, the increasing share of variable generation from renewable sources (V-RES), such as wind and solar, may lead to UC solutions that no longer ensure system security. Therefore, different impact mitigation techniques have been proposed in literature, which include the revision of UC models to provide a better representation of the system dynamics. This subfamily of UC models is formally defined in this work as the frequency constrained UC problem (FCUC), and aims to keep the frequency above a certain threshold, following pre-defined contingencies, by adding enhanced security constraints. In this work this topic is addressed in four parts.The first part identifies the main challenge of formulating the FCUC problem. Indeed, the frequency minimum, also called the frequency nadir, constraint is strongly non-linear on the decision variables of the UC model. Moreover, the behaviour of the frequency nadir regarding the binary decision variables is hard to approximate by analytical functions. Thus, a sequential simulation approach is proposed, based on a classic UC model and a reduced order model of the primary frequency response. The potential benefits of a smarter allocation of the primary reserve is revealed.The second part of this work investigates the impact of V-RES sources on the primary frequency response. The underlying processes that lead to the increase of the Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) risk are thoroughly discussed. The need of formulating more accurate FCUC models is highlighted.The third part of this work examines the cost/benefit and limitation of FCUC models based on indirect constraints over certain dynamic parameters of the generating units. A methodology is proposed that assesses the effectiveness and optimality of some existing V-RES impact mitigation techniques, such as the increase of the primary reserve requirement, the prescription of an inertia requirement, the authorisation of V-RES dispatch-down or the consideration of fast non-synchronous providers of frequency regulation services. This study showed the need for new methods to properly handle the frequency nadir constraint in order to ensure optimality, without compromising the optimisation problem’s tractability.The fourth part of this work offers a new formulation of the FCUC problem following a Bender’s decomposition approach. This method is based on the decomposition of an optimisation problem into two stages: the master and the slave problems. Here, the master problem deals with the generating unit states and the slave problem handles the frequency nadir constraints through a cutting plane model. Simulation results showed that the more accurate representation of the frequency nadir in the slave problem reduces the risk of UFLS and the security cost, with respect to other FCUC models, such as those based on inertia constraints. In addition, the optimality of the global solution is guaranteed; although the convergence of the master problem is slow, due to the well-known tailing off effect of cutting plane methods
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Soberanis, Policarpio Antonio. "Risk optimization with p-order conic constraints". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/437.

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My dissertation considers solving of linear programming problems with p-order conic constraints that are related to a class of stochastic optimization models with risk objective or constraints that involve higher moments of loss distributions. The general proposed approach is based on construction of polyhedral approximations for p-order cones, thereby approximating the non-linear convex p-order conic programming problems using linear programming models. It is shown that the resulting LP problems possess a special structure that makes them amenable to efficient decomposition techniques. The developed algorithms are tested on the example of portfolio optimization problem with higher moment coherent risk measures that reduces to a p-order conic programming problem. The conducted case studies on real financial data demonstrate that the proposed computational techniques compare favorably against a number of benchmark methods, including second-order conic programming methods.
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Vitor, Fabio Torres. "Improving the solution time of integer programs by merging knapsack constraints with cover inequalities". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19226.

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Master of Science
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Todd Easton
Integer Programming is used to solve numerous optimization problems. This class of mathematical models aims to maximize or minimize a cost function restricted to some constraints and the solution must be integer. One class of widely studied Integer Program (IP) is the Multiple Knapsack Problem (MKP). Unfortunately, both IPs and MKPs are NP-hard, potentially requiring an exponential time to solve these problems. Utilization of cutting planes is one common method to improve the solution time of IPs. A cutting plane is a valid inequality that cuts off a portion of the linear relaxation space. This thesis presents a new class of cutting planes referred to as merged knapsack cover inequalities (MKCI). These valid inequalities combine information from a cover inequality with a knapsack constraint to generate stronger inequalities. Merged knapsack cover inequalities are generated by the Merging Knapsack Cover Algorithm (MKCA), which runs in linear time. These inequalities may be improved by the Exact Improvement Through Dynamic Programming Algorithm (EITDPA) in order to make them stronger inequalities. Theoretical results have demonstrated that this new class of cutting planes may cut off some space of the linear relaxation region. A computational study was performed to determine whether implementation of merged knapsack cover inequalities is computationally effective. Results demonstrated that MKCIs decrease solution time an average of 8% and decrease the number of ticks in CPLEX, a commercial IP solver, approximately 4% when implemented in appropriate instances.
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Yahiaoui, Ala-Eddine. "Selective vehicle routing problem : cluster and synchronization constraints". Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2449/document.

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Le problème de tournées de véhicules (Vehicle Routing Problem - VRP) est un problème d'optimisation combinatoire utilisé généralement pour modéliser et résoudre des différents problèmes rencontrés dans les systèmes logistiques et de transport. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude et la résolution d'une classe de problèmes du VRP appelée les problèmes de courses d'orientation (Team Orienteering Problem - TOP). Dans cette catégorie de problèmes, il est a priori impossible de visiter tous les clients en raison de ressources limitées. On associe plutôt un profit à chaque client qui représente sa valeur. Ce profit est collecté lorsque le client est visité par l'un des véhicules disponibles. L'objectif est donc de sélectionner un sous ensemble de clients à servir tout en maximisant le profit total collecté. Dans un premier temps, nous avons introduit une nouvelle généralisation pour le TOP que nous avons appelé le Clustered TOP ou CluTOP. Dans cette variante, les clients sont regroupés en sous-ensembles appelés clusters auxquels nous associons des profits. Pour résoudre cette variante, nous avons proposé un schéma exact basé sur l'approche des plans sécants avec des inégalités valides supplémentaires et des pré-traitements. Nous avons également conçu une méthode heuristique basée sur l'approche order first-cluster second. Cette heuristique hybride combine une heuristique de type Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search qui explore l'espace des solutions et une procédure de découpage qui explore l'espace de recherche des tours géants. De plus, la procédure de découpage est renforcée par une recherche locale afin de mieux explorer l'espace de recherche. Le deuxième problème traité dans ce travail s'appelle le Synchronized Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (STOPTW). Cette variante avait été initialement proposée afin de modéliser des scénarios liés à la protection des infrastructures stratégiques menacées par l'avancée des feux de forêts. En plus des contraintes de fenêtres de temps et des visites synchronisées, cette variante considère le cas d'une flotte de véhicules hétérogène. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons proposé une méthode heuristique basée sur l'approche GRASP×ILS qui est parvenue à dominer la seule approche existante dans la littérature. La dernière variante du TOP abordée dans cette thèse s'appelle le Set Orienteering Problem (SOP). Les clients dans cette variante sont regroupés en sous-ensembles appelés clusters. Un profit est associé à chaque groupe qui n'est obtenu que si au moins un client est desservi par le véhicule disponible. Nous avons proposé une méthode de coupes avec deux procédures de séparation pour séparer les contraintes d'élimination des sous-tours. Nous avons également proposé un algorithme Mémétique avec une procédure de découpage optimale calculée à l'aide de la programmation dynamique
The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a family of Combinatorial Optimization Problems generally used to solve different issues related to transportation systems and logistics. In this thesis, we focused our attention on a variant of the VRP called the Team Orienteering Problem (TOP). In this family of problems, it is a priory impossible to visit all the customers due to travel time limitation on vehicles. Instead, a profit is associated with each customer to represent its value and it is collected once the customer is visited by one of the available vehicles. The objective function is then to maximize the total collected profit with respect to the maximum travel time. Firstly, we introduced a new generalization for the TOP that we called the Clustered TOP (CluTOP). In this variant, the customers are grouped into subsets called clusters to which we associate profits. To solve this variant, we proposed an exact scheme based on the cutting plane approach with additional valid inequalities and pre-processing techniques. We also designed a heuristic method based on the order first-cluster second approach for the CluTOP. This Hybrid Heuristic combines between an ANLS heuristic that explores the solutions space and a splitting procedure that explores the giant tours search space. In addition, the splitting procedure is enhanced by local search procedure in order to enhance its coverage of search space. The second problem treated in this work is called the Synchronized Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (STOPTW). This variant was initially proposed in order to model scenarios related to asset protection during escaped wildfires. It considers the case of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles along with time windows and synchronized visits. To solve this problem, we proposed a heuristic method based on the GRASP×ILS approach that led to a very outstanding results compared to the literature. The last variant of the TOP tackled in this thesis called the Set Orienteering Problem (SOP). Customers in this variant are grouped into subsets called clusters. Each cluster is associated with a profit which is gained if at least one customer is served by the single available vehicle. We proposed a Branch-and-Cut with two separation procedures to separate subtours elimination constraints. We also proposed a Memetic Algorithm with an optimal splitting procedure based on dynamic programming
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Carvalho, Alexandre Augusto Martins. "Proposta metodologica para racionalização de ociosidade fabril /". Guaratinguetá, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182420.

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Orientador: Marcos Valerio Ribeiro
Resumo: Ambientes industriais são altamente competitivos. Fatores como a agilidade, a flexibilidade, a prestação de serviços, a qualidade e preços são as vantagens competitivas procuradas pelas organizações. Neste cenário, as otimizações propostas que abordam tais fatores são de particular interesse para o planejamento de processos. O procedimento proposto tratado é o resultado líquido direto e o aumento da competitividade no mercado de uma determinada empresa, visando que sua estrutura financeira seja a mais saudável possível. Este trabalho tem como objetivo auxiliar e desenvolver um procedimento padrão de verificação do nível de rentabilidade de uma empresa e ainda, se esta empresa tem a probabilidade de tornar-se mais rentável. Tal procedimento visa atingir um segundo objetivo no sentido de maximizar os recursos já existentes na própria organização. O aspecto chave desta pesquisa diz respeito à utilização de máquina com tempos ociosos e plena utilização de todos os sistemas disponíveis de fábrica. Quando a ociosidade destas máquinas utilizadas em pleno processo produtivo, é possível concluir como resultado das aplicações realizadas, uma maximização dos recursos propiciando o melhor resultado da organização. Esta ociosidade quando não apurada com a devida acurácia é lançada indevidamente nos custos dos produtos, fazendo com que a empresa possa perder competitividade
Abstract: Industrial environments are highly competitive. Factors such as agility, flexibility, service delivery, quality and prices are the competitive advantages sought by organizations. In this scenario, the proposed optimizations that address such factors are of particular interest for process planning. The proposed procedure is the direct net result and the increase of the competitiveness in the market of a certain company, aiming that its financial structure is as healthy as possible. This work aims to assist and develop a standard procedure for verifying the level of profitability of a company and still, if this company has the probability of becoming more profitable. This procedure aims to achieve a second objective in order to maximize resources already existing in the organization itself. The key aspect of this research concerns the use of idling machines and full utilization of all the systems available from the factory. When the idleness of these machines used in full productive process, it is possible to conclude as a result of the applications made, a maximization of the resources propitiating the best result of the organization. This idleness when not verified with the correct accuracy is improperly thrown into the costs of the products, causing the company to lose competitiveness
Doutor
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Hellman, Fredrik. "Towards the Solution of Large-Scale and Stochastic Traffic Network Design Problems". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130013.

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This thesis investigates the second-best toll pricing and capacity expansion problems when stated as mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). Three main questions are rised: First, whether conventional descent methods give sufficiently good solutions, or whether global solution methods are to prefer. Second, how the performance of the considered solution methods scale with network size. Third, how a discretized stochastic mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (SMPEC) formulation of a stochastic network design problem can be practically solved. An attempt to answer these questions is done through a series ofnumerical experiments.

The traffic system is modeled using the Wardrop’s principle for user behavior, separable cost functions of BPR- and TU71-type. Also elastic demand is considered for some problem instances.

Two already developed method approaches are considered: implicit programming and a cutting constraint algorithm. For the implicit programming approach, several methods—both local and global—are applied and for the traffic assignment problem an implementation of the disaggregate simplicial decomposition (DSD) method is used. Regarding the first question concerning local and global methods, our results don’t give a clear answer.

The results from numerical experiments of both approaches on networks of different sizes shows that the implicit programming approach has potential to solve large-scale problems, while the cutting constraint algorithm scales worse with network size.

Also for the stochastic extension of the network design problem, the numerical experiments indicate that implicit programming is a good approach to the problem.

Further, a number of theorems providing sufficient conditions for strong regularity of the traffic assignment solution mapping for OD connectors and BPR cost functions are given.

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Abrantes, Ricardo Luiz de Andrade. "Problemas de corte com sobras aproveitáveis e eliminação de simetrias". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-16122012-183550/.

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No presente trabalho estudamos duas variações do problema de empacotamento de itens retangulares idênticos, permitindo rotações de 90 graus, em um poliedro. Uma variação consiste em encontrar a maior quantidade de itens retangulares idênticos que podem ser empacotados em um poliedro. A outra consiste em encontrar o poliedro de um determinado tipo com menor área para empacotar uma quantidade fixa de itens retangulares idênticos. Desenvolvemos restrições de eliminação de simetrias para estes problemas, o que tornou a resolução dos mesmos mais eficiente, por métodos do tipo branch-&-bound. Estudamos também o problema de corte no qual há uma determinada demanda (de itens) a ser cortada e um conjunto de objetos disponíveis. Desejamos satisfazer a demanda minimizando o custo dos objetos utilizados e, dentre as diferentes possibilidades de se fazer isso, desejamos aquela que maximize as sobras aproveitáveis. De forma geral, sobras aproveitáveis podem ser entendidas como regiões retangulares de um objeto que possuem altura e largura iguais ou superiores a de um item de referência e representam sobras do processo de corte que podem se tornar objetos e serem reaproveitadas em um novo procedimento de corte. Apresentamos modelos de otimização em dois níveis para duas variações do problema de corte com sobras aproveitáveis a saber: o problema de corte de itens retangulares em dois estágios e o problema de corte de itens retangulares não guilhotinado. Como formas de resolver os modelos propostos, apresentamos reformulações destes modelos de programação em dois níveis em modelos de programação inteira mista. Lidamos também com uma variação do problema de corte com sobras aproveitáveis considerando a minimização da quantidade de sobras. Aplicamos restrições de eliminação de simetrias aos modelos desenvolvidos para o problema de corte de itens retangulares com sobras aproveitáveis, a fim de resolver instâncias maiores, e desenvolvemos uma estratégia de solução alternativa para os modelos. Os modelos desenvolvidos foram implementados computacionalmente e fomos capazes de resolver instâncias pequenas dos problemas em questão.
In this work we study two variations of the packing problem where identical rectangular items must be packed into a polyhedron. One of the variations consists in finding the largest amount of rectangular items that can fit in a polyhedron. The other one consists in finding a minimal area polyhedron of a certain type that packs a set of rectangular identical items. We present some symmetry-breaking constraints that reduce the computational effort in solving those problems through a branch-&-bound method. We also studied the cutting stock problem where there are some items to be cut from a set of rectangular objects and we need to satisfy the demand of items to be cut minimizing the cost of the used objects and, among the different ways of doing this, we want that which maximize the usable leftovers. Loosely speaking,usable leftovers can be understood as rectangular regions in an object that has the width and the height greater than or equal to the ones of a reference item. These leftovers can be seen as leftovers from a cutting process that will become items in a new cutting process. We present bilevel programming models to two variations of this problem with usable leftovers: the two-stage cutting stock problem of rectangular items and the non-guillotine cutting stock problem of rectangular items. In order to solve the proposed models we present also MIP reformulations of these bilevel programming problem models. We also developed some symmetry breaking constraints in order to accelerate the solving process of those models. The developed models were computationally programmed and we were able to solve small instances of the proposed problems
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Hokama, Pedro Henrique Del Bianco 1986. "O problema do caixeiro viajante com restrições de empacotamento tridimensional". [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275722.

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Orientador: Flávio Keidi Miyazawa
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T18:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hokama_PedroHenriqueDelBianco_M.pdf: 1340789 bytes, checksum: b5cc3f26e41b90afabdfac5c7a33bf05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Nesta dissertação de mestrado apresentamos um método exato para o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante com Restrições de Empacotamento Tridimensional, que combina o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante o Problema de Empacotamento Tridimensional com Restrição de Ordem. Neste problema, um veículo deve partir carregado de um depósito e entregar caixas em pontos pré-definidos para seus clientes. Cada cliente tem um conjunto de caixas que deve receber e o objetivo é minimizar o custo de deslocamento do veículo. As caixas devem ser retiradas a partir da porta do contêiner do veículo e a remoção das caixas de um cliente não podem ser obstruídas pelas caixas a serem descarregadas posteriormente. Propomos uma abordagem exata baseada em branch-and-cut para buscar uma rota de custo mínimo. Apresentamos algumas adaptações de algoritmos da literatura e uma formulação em Programação por Restrições para encontrar um empacotamento que obedece restrições de ordem. Realizamos testes computacionais em instâncias geradas aleatoriamente e comparamos resultados com os algoritmos adaptados da literatura. Os resultados foram bastante satisfatórios resolvendo instâncias de tamanho médio em tempo computacional aceitável na prática
Abstract: We present an exact method for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Three-dimensional Loading Constraints. This problem combines the Traveling Salesman Problem, and the Three- Dimensional Packing Problem With Loading Constraints. In this problem, a vehicle must be loaded at the depot and deliver boxes to the customers. Every customer has a set of boxes that should receive and our goal is to minimize the travel cost of the vehicle. Unloading is done through a single side of the container and items from an unloading customer must not be blocked by items to be delivered later. We propose exact and heuristic branch-and-cut algorithm to find a minimum cost route. Adaptations of algorithms from the literature and a Constraint Programming formulation is presented to find a packing that consider unloading contraints. We performed computational tests on instances randomly generated and compared results with the algorithms adapted from literature. The results were quite satisfactory resolving several instances in reasonable computational time
Mestrado
Ciência da Computação
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Mesyagutov, Marat. "Exact Approaches for Higher-Dimensional Orthogonal Packing and Related Problems". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-137905.

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NP-hard problems of higher-dimensional orthogonal packing are considered. We look closer at their logical structure and show that they can be decomposed into problems of a smaller dimension with a special contiguous structure. This decomposition influences the modeling of the packing process, which results in three new solution approaches. Keeping this decomposition in mind, we model the smaller-dimensional problems in a single position-indexed formulation with non-overlapping inequalities serving as binding constraints. Thus, we come up with a new integer linear programming model, which we subject to polyhedral analysis. Furthermore, we establish general non-overlapping and density inequalities and prove under appropriate assumptions their facet-defining property for the convex hull of the integer solutions. Based on the proposed model and the strong inequalities, we develop a new branch-and-cut algorithm. Being a relaxation of the higher-dimensional problem, each of the smaller-dimensional problems is also relevant for different areas, e.g. for scheduling. To tackle any of these smaller-dimensional problems, we use a Gilmore-Gomory model, which is a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition of the position-indexed formulation. In order to obtain a contiguous structure for the optimal solution, its basis matrix must have a consecutive 1's property. For construction of such matrices, we develop new branch-and-price algorithms which are distinguished by various strategies for the enumeration of partial solutions. We also prove some characteristics of partial solutions, which tighten the slave problem of column generation. For a nonlinear modeling of the higher-dimensional packing problems, we investigate state-of-the-art constraint programming approaches, modify them, and propose new dichotomy and intersection branching strategies. To tighten the constraint propagation, we introduce new pruning rules. For that, we apply 1D relaxation with intervals and forbidden pairs, an advanced bar relaxation, 2D slice relaxation, and 1D slice-bar relaxation with forbidden pairs. The new rules are based on the relaxation by the smaller-dimensional problems which, in turn, are replaced by a linear programming relaxation of the Gilmore-Gomory model. We conclude with a discussion of implementation issues and numerical studies of all proposed approaches
Es werden NP-schwere höherdimensionale orthogonale Packungsprobleme betrachtet. Wir untersuchen ihre logische Struktur genauer und zeigen, dass sie sich in Probleme kleinerer Dimension mit einer speziellen Nachbarschaftsstruktur zerlegen lassen. Dies beeinflusst die Modellierung des Packungsprozesses, die ihreseits zu drei neuen Lösungsansätzen führt. Unter Beachtung dieser Zerlegung modellieren wir die Probleme kleinerer Dimension in einer einzigen positionsindizierten Formulierung mit Nichtüberlappungsungleichungen, die als Bindungsbedingungen dienen. Damit entwickeln wir ein neues Modell der ganzzahligen linearen Optimierung und unterziehen dies einer Polyederanalyse. Weiterhin geben wir allgemeine Nichtüberlappungs- und Dichtheitsungleichungen an und beweisen unter geeigneten Annahmen ihre facettendefinierende Eigenschaft für die konvexe Hülle der ganzzahligen Lösungen. Basierend auf dem vorgeschlagenen Modell und den starken Ungleichungen entwickeln wir einen neuen Branch-and-Cut-Algorithmus. Jedes Problem kleinerer Dimension ist eine Relaxation des höherdimensionalen Problems. Darüber hinaus besitzt es Anwendungen in verschiedenen Bereichen, wie zum Beispiel im Scheduling. Für die Behandlung der Probleme kleinerer Dimension setzen wir das Gilmore-Gomory-Modell ein, das eine Dantzig-Wolfe-Dekomposition der positionsindizierten Formulierung ist. Um eine Nachbarschaftsstruktur zu erhalten, muss die Basismatrix der optimalen Lösung die consecutive-1’s-Eigenschaft erfüllen. Für die Konstruktion solcher Matrizen entwickeln wir neue Branch-and-Price-Algorithmen, die sich durch Strategien zur Enumeration von partiellen Lösungen unterscheiden. Wir beweisen auch einige Charakteristiken von partiellen Lösungen, die das Hilfsproblem der Spaltengenerierung verschärfen. Für die nichtlineare Modellierung der höherdimensionalen Packungsprobleme untersuchen wir moderne Ansätze des Constraint Programming, modifizieren diese und schlagen neue Dichotomie- und Überschneidungsstrategien für die Verzweigung vor. Für die Verstärkung der Constraint Propagation stellen wir neue Ablehnungskriterien vor. Wir nutzen dabei 1D Relaxationen mit Intervallen und verbotenen Paaren, erweiterte Streifen-Relaxation, 2D Scheiben-Relaxation und 1D Scheiben-Streifen-Relaxation mit verbotenen Paaren. Alle vorgestellten Kriterien basieren auf Relaxationen durch Probleme kleinerer Dimension, die wir weiter durch die LP-Relaxation des Gilmore-Gomory-Modells abschwächen. Wir schließen mit Umsetzungsfragen und numerischen Experimenten aller vorgeschlagenen Ansätze
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Książki na temat "Constrained cutting"

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Neeleman, Ad, i Hans van de Koot. Word Order and Information Structure. Redaktorzy Caroline Féry i Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.20.

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This chapter is concerned with the question to what extent free word order phenomena are regulated by information-structural (IS) constraints. Progress on this question must combine detailed empirical study with bold theoretical work that aims to test restrictive hypotheses about available syntactic operations, available IS-primitives, and their mapping. The present chapter evaluates four cross-cutting word order generalizations on the basis of a rough classification of syntactic operations and IS-primitives. Operations will be divided into those that are A-related (A-scrambling, passive), those that are A′-related (A′-scrambling), those that involve doubling with a pronoun or clitic, and finally those that involve extraposition, and it is assumed that IS-primitives are restricted to topic, focus, contrast, and givenness. Some discussion is offered of how the four generalizations identified here might emerge as effects of deeper properties of the language faculty or human psychology.
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Thomas, Christopher R., i William F. Shughart, red. The Oxford Handbook of Managerial Economics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199782956.001.0001.

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This Handbook provides students, researchers, practitioners and policymakers with summaries of the cutting-edge approaches to the analysis of the decision-making challenges faced by the managers of for-profit and nonprofit enterprises.The problems addressed run the gamut from cost estimation, product development and promotion, optimal pricing strategies for so-called network industries and make-or-buy decisions, to organizational design, performance pay, corporate governance, strategies for multinational corporations and the social responsibilities of business.By illustrating how a wide range of disciplines can fruitfully be brought to bear in helping to analyze and to understand the incentives and constraints under which business managers operate, the Handbook fills in the gaps between theory and practice. Sometimes technical, but always reader-friendly, no one with an interest in the modern world of business orpublic policies toward it can afford to ignore the analyses and important lessons presented by the contributors to this first handbook on topics in managerial economics.
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Houdé, Olivier, i Grégoire Borst, red. The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Development. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108399838.

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How does cognition develop in infants, children and adolescents? This handbook presents a cutting-edge overview of the field of cognitive development, spanning basic methodology, key domain-based findings and applications. Part One covers the neurobiological constraints and laws of brain development, while Part Two covers the fundamentals of cognitive development from birth to adulthood: object, number, categorization, reasoning, decision-making and socioemotional cognition. The final Part Three covers educational and school-learning domains, including numeracy, literacy, scientific reasoning skills, working memory and executive skills, metacognition, curiosity-driven active learning and more. Featuring chapters written by the world's leading scholars in experimental and developmental psychology, as well as in basic neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience, computational modelling and developmental robotics, this collection is the most comprehensive reference work to date on cognitive development of the twenty-first century. It will be a vital resource for scholars and graduate students in developmental psychology, neuroeducation and the cognitive sciences.
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Button, Chris, Ludovic Seifert, Jia Yi Chow, Duarte Araújo i Keith Davids. Dynamics of Skill Acquisition. Wyd. 2. Human Kinetics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718214125.

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Dynamics of Skill Acquisition, Second Edition, provides an analysis of the processes underlying human skill acquisition. As the first text to outline the multidisciplinary ecological dynamics framework for understanding movement behavior, this heavily updated edition stays on the cutting edge, with principles of nonlinear pedagogy and methodologies from the constraints-led approach. Students and practitioners across a variety of professions—including coaches, physical educators, trainers, and rehabilitation specialists—will appreciate the applied focus of this second edition. Movement models throughout the text provide examples for visualizing task constraints and enhancing the study and understanding of movement behavior. Athletes and sports teams are presented as specific complex adaptive systems, with information on designing learning environments and adapting programs to foster skill development. Readers will learn the historical evolution of dynamical systems theory and the ecological dynamics framework. These foundational concepts illustrate the integration between intentional action, cognition, and decision making and their effects on performance and behavior. Complex theoretical concepts are explained in simple terms and related to practice, focusing on the implications of the work of pioneering researchers such as Nikolai Bernstein, Egon Brunswik, James Gibson, Scott Kelso, and Karl Newell. Case studies written by practitioners contain specific examples of the ecological dynamics framework in action, bringing theory to life. By learning how to identify and manipulate key constraints that influence learning skilled behavior, readers will gain insight into practice designs for creating positive learning experiences that enable individuals to develop and learn functional movements. Throughout the book, learning features guide readers through material with clear direction and focus to improve understanding. Spotlight on Research sidebars provide detailed descriptions of important studies to connect theory, research, and application. Lab activities teach application skills beyond the content, ensuring reader understanding. In addition, chapter objectives, self-test questions, and Key Concept sidebars highlight important concepts in each chapter. With the study of human movement now bridging many disciplines, including motor development, psychology, biology, and physical therapy, Dynamics of Skill Acquisition, Second Edition, provides a timely analysis of the ecological dynamics framework and presents a comprehensive model for understanding how coordination patterns are assembled, controlled, and acquired. The theoretical roots and development of the ecological dynamics framework provide application strategies for all people with an interest in movement coordination and control. AUDIENCE An upper-level undergraduate or graduate textbook for courses in human movement and skill acquisition. A professional reference for movement practitioners and scientists, including teachers, coaches, trainers, physical educators, physical therapists, rehabilitation specialists, sport scientists, psychologists, biomechanists, sport analysts and physiologists.
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Clasen, Mathias. Why Horror Seduces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190666507.001.0001.

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This book explains the appeals and functions of horror entertainment by drawing on cutting-edge findings in the evolutionary social sciences, showing how the horror genre is a product of human nature. It is the first book to integrate the study of horror with the sciences of human nature and to offer a sustained analysis of the ways in which our evolutionary heritage constrains and directs horror in literature, film, and computer games. The central claim of the book is that horror entertainment works by targeting ancient and deeply conserved neurobiological mechanisms. We are attracted to horrifying entertainment because we have an adaptive tendency to find pleasure in make-believe that allows us to experience negative emotions at high levels of intensity within a safe context. This book offers a detailed theoretical account of the biological underpinnings of the paradoxically and perennially popular genre of horror. The theoretical account is bolstered with original analyses of a range of well-known and popular modern American works of horror literature and horror film to illustrate how these works target evolved cognitive and emotional mechanisms to fulfill their function of absorbing, engaging, and horrifying audiences: I Am Legend (1954), Rosemary’s Baby (1967), Night of the Living Dead (1968), Jaws (1975), The Shining (1977), Halloween (1978), and The Blair Witch Project (1999). The book’s final chapter expands the discussion to include interactive, highly immersive horror experiences offered through horror video games and commercial haunted attractions.
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Części książek na temat "Constrained cutting"

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Banta, M., M. Mäntylä, M. Inuit i F. Kimura. "Cutting and pasting constrained boundary features". W Computer Applications in Production Engineering, 35–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34879-7_4.

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Russo, Mauro, Antonio Sforza i Claudio Sterle. "Upper Bounds Categorization for Constrained Two-Dimensional Guillotine Cutting". W Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, 461–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67308-0_47.

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Jonatã, Luiz, Piresde Araújo i Plácido Rogério Pinheiro. "Applying Backtracking Heuristics for Constrained Two-Dimensional Guillotine Cutting Problems". W Information Computing and Applications, 113–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25255-6_15.

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Claßen, Grit, David Coudert, Arie M. C. A. Koster i Napoleão Nepomuceno. "A Chance-Constrained Model and Cutting Planes for Fixed Broadband Wireless Networks". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 37–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21527-8_5.

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Tschöke, Stefan, i Norbert Holthöfer. "A new parallel approach to the constrained two-dimensional cutting stock problem". W Parallel Algorithms for Irregularly Structured Problems, 285–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60321-2_24.

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Bespamyatnikh, Sergei, i David Kirkpatrick. "Constrained Equitable 3-Cuttings". W Discrete and Computational Geometry, 72–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44400-8_8.

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Schutt, Andreas, Peter J. Stuckey i Andrew R. Verden. "Optimal Carpet Cutting". W Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – CP 2011, 69–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23786-7_8.

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Fischer, Andreas, i Guntram Scheithauer. "Cutting and Packing Problems with Placement Constraints". W Optimized Packings with Applications, 119–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18899-7_6.

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Focacci, Filippo, Andrea Lodi i Michela Milano. "Cutting Planes in Constraint Programming: An Hybrid Approach". W Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – CP 2000, 187–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45349-0_15.

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Saikko, Paul, Brandon Malone i Matti Järvisalo. "MaxSAT-Based Cutting Planes for Learning Graphical Models". W Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming, 347–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18008-3_24.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Constrained cutting"

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Luo, X. N., i Q. Zhang. "Sliding Mode Controller for Force Constrained Cutting Process". W 1990 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1990.4790918.

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Guo, Yang, Jisheng Chen i Amr Saleh. "In Situ Analysis of Deformation Mechanics of Constrained Cutting Towards Enhanced Material Removal". W ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2970.

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Abstract Chip formation in conventional cutting occurs by deformation that is only partially bounded by the cutting tool. The unconstrained free surface is a complication in determining the deformation of chip formation. The constrained cutting employs a constraining tool in the cutting process to confine the otherwise free surface and enable direct control of the chip formation deformation. A study has been made on the deformation mechanics of plane-strain constrained cutting using high speed imaging and digital image correlation (DIC) methods. For different constrained levels (including unconstrained free cutting), material flow of chip formation is directly observed; strain rate and strain in the chip as well as the subsurface region are quantified; cutting forces are measured; and surface finish are examed. The study shows that chip formation in constrained cutting can occur in two different deformation modes, i.e., simple shear and complex extrusion, depending on the constrained level. Constrained cutting in simple shear regime can reduce strain, reduce cutting force and energy, and improve surface finish compared to free cutting, therefore it is more efficient for material removal than free cutting. Constrained cutting in the complex extrusion regime imposes a significant amount of surface / subsurface deformation and consumes a very high cutting energy, and therefore is not suitable for material removal. Furthermore, the mechanics of chip formation in both free cutting and constrained cutting, especially the roles played by the free surface and the constraining tool, are discussed.
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Yao, Min, Peng Zhang, Yin Li, Jie Hu, Chuang Lin i Xiang Yang Li. "Cutting Your Cloud Computing Cost for Deadline-Constrained Batch Jobs". W 2014 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icws.2014.56.

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Chen, Y., T. Sato i T. Shiina. "A cutting-plane solution for chance-constrained unit commitment problems". W 2022 12th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiaiaai55812.2022.00126.

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Hifi, Mhand, i Toufik Saadi. "A Cooperative Algorithm for Constrained Two-staged 2D Cutting Problems". W 2006 International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2006.320756.

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Jianhua Ma. "Mutation Ant Colony Algorithms of Constrained Two-dimensional Guillotine Cutting Problems". W 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1712925.

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You, Sixiong, Changhuang Wan i Ran Dai. "A Complementary Cutting Plane Approach for Nonconvex Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programs". W 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619462.

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Hifi, M., S. Negre i T. Saadi. "A parallel algorithm for constrained fixed two-staged two-dimensional cutting/packing problems". W Industrial Engineering (CIE39). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccie.2009.5223664.

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Wang, Yi-Chi, Ming-Jun Wang i Sung-Chi Lin. "Optimization of cutting parameters for parallel machine scheduling with constrained power demand peak". W International FAIM Conference. DEStech Publications, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14809/faim.2014.0267.

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Ding, Qia, Jun Ye, Mengchang Wang, Yantao Zhang, Chunling Lu i Wen Wang. "An Integer Variable Reduction and Neighborhood Search Cutting Plane Method for Security Constrained Unit Commitment". W 2022 4th International Conference on Power and Energy Technology (ICPET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpet55165.2022.9918470.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Constrained cutting"

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Smith, I. R. Surficial geology, La Biche River northwest, Yukon-Northwest Territories, NTS 95-C/11, 12, 13, and 14. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330591.

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This map is situated in the Hyland Plateau, west of the Mackenzie Mountains, southeast Yukon. The area was inundated by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Ice advanced east to northeast across the rolling bedrock terrain, producing dense networks of sometimes cross-cutting bedrock flutings and drumlinoid ridges. During deglaciation, ice flow became increasingly topographically constrained, shifting to more northward flow along major valleys. Meltwater flowing north initially crossed the divide into the Nahanni River basin. Later, as ice retreated south and eastwards, ice-contact deltas and kame terraces formed along the retreating margins. The area is largely covered by till veneer, with bedrock exposed along most ridge crests and glacially-incised valley walls. Shale units within the Besa River and Mattson formations appear prone to failure, and large rotational landslides are common.
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Carpenter, Marie, i William Lazonick. The Pursuit of Shareholder Value: Cisco’s Transformation from Innovation to Financialization. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp202.

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Once the global leader in telecommunication systems and the Internet, over the past two decades the United States has fallen behind global competitors, and in particular China, in mobile communication infrastructure—specifically 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). This national failure, with the socioeconomic and geopolitical tensions that it creates, is not due to a lack of US government investment in the knowledge required for the mobility revolution. Nor is it because of a dearth of domestic demand for the equipment, devices, and applications that can make use of this infrastructure. Rather, the problem is the dereliction of key US-based business corporations to take the lead in making the investments in organizational learning required to generate cutting edge communication-infrastructure products. No company in the United States exemplifies this deficiency more than Cisco Systems, the business corporation founded in Silicon Valley in 1984 that had explosive growth in the 1990s to become the foremost global enterprise-networking equipment producer in the Internet revolution. This paper provides in-depth analysis of Cisco’s organizational failure, attributing it ultimately to the company’s turn from innovation in the last decades of 20th century to financialization in the early decades of the 21st century. Since 2001, Cisco’s top management has chosen to allocate corporate cash to open-market share repurchases— aka stock buybacks—for the purpose of giving manipulative boosts to the company stock price rather than make the investments in organizational learning required to become a world leader in communication-infrastructure equipment for the era of 5G and IoT. From October 2001 through October 2022, Cisco spent $152.3 billion—95 percent of its net income over the period—on stock buybacks for the purpose of propping up its stock price. These funds wasted in pursuit of “maximizing shareholder value” were on top of the $55.5 billion that Cisco paid out to shareholders in dividends, representing an additional 35 percent of net income. In this paper, we trace how Cisco grew from a Silicon Valley startup in 1984 to become, through its innovative products, the world leader in enterprise-networking equipment over the next decade and a half. As the company entered the 21st century, building on its dominance of enterprise-networking, Cisco was positioned to upgrade its technological capabilities to become a major infrastructureequipment vendor to service providers. We analyze how and why, when the Internet boom turned to bust in 2001, the organizational structure that enabled Cisco to dominate enterprise networking posed constraints related to manufacturing and marketing on the company’s growth in the more sophisticated infrastructure-equipment segment. We then document how from 2002 Cisco turned from innovation to financialization, as it used its ample profits to do stock buybacks to prop up its stock price. Finally, we ponder the larger policy implications of Cisco’s turn from innovation to financialization for the competitive position of the US information-and-communication technology (ICT) industry in the global economy.
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